WO1993024989A1 - Power converter - Google Patents
Power converter Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993024989A1 WO1993024989A1 PCT/JP1993/000749 JP9300749W WO9324989A1 WO 1993024989 A1 WO1993024989 A1 WO 1993024989A1 JP 9300749 W JP9300749 W JP 9300749W WO 9324989 A1 WO9324989 A1 WO 9324989A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power converter
- output
- pulse
- phase
- voltage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
- B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
- B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines polyphase motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/12—Induction machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in a power converter that converts DC to AC or AC to DC, and more particularly to control of an output voltage of the power converter.
- the DC power supply voltage (overhead voltage) is divided into two DC voltages by a series-connected capacitor to create three voltage levels: high potential, intermediate potential, and low potential.
- These three levels of voltage are selectively introduced to the inverter output terminal by the on / off operation of the main circuit switching element, and have the following features. o.
- the apparent switching frequency is increased, and an output with less distortion can be obtained. Since the voltage applied to the element is about half that of the two levels, a switching element with a relatively low withstand voltage can be used. As the voltage applied to the element decreases, the loss generated around the element can be reduced.
- the maximum voltage at which the voltage utilization rate reaches 100% from zero voltage is achieved in order to achieve speed control over a wide range.
- a single pulse which is hereafter referred to as one pulse).
- the fundamental wave of the inverter output voltage can be continuously controlled and the harmonics of the inverter output voltage E can be controlled smoothly. Is required.
- the above-mentioned conventional technology (1) is based on dipolar modulation capable of controlling a small voltage including zero, tunibola modulation means covering a medium speed region (medium voltage), and up to one pulse covering a maximum voltage. Since switching is performed, the maximum voltage can be output from zero voltage, and harmonics of the output voltage become discontinuous when switching between power-unipolar modulation and one pulse that maintains continuity of the fundamental wave. There was a problem that noise was generated due to a sudden and large change in frequency.
- the above-described conventional technology has a problem that unpleasant discontinuous sounds are generated when the modulation method and the number of pulses are switched.
- An object of the present invention is to realize a three-level pulse generation control capable of controlling the output voltage of a three-level inverter from zero to the maximum and continuously and smoothly controlling the output voltage of the inverter.
- Another object of the present invention is to simplify the control of the inverter.
- Another object of the present invention is to prevent discontinuous noise in an electric vehicle equipped with an inverter.
- the above object is to provide a power converter that converts DC into an AC phase voltage having three levels of potential, and a power converter that includes a motor driven by the power converter.
- a bipolar which generates a train of output pulses represented by a train of pulses having a zero potential between positive and negative pulses in a half cycle of a fundamental wave of the output phase voltage of the power converter in the phase of the power converter.
- a modulation mode and a sequence of output pulses in which a half cycle of a fundamental wave of an output phase voltage of the power converter is expressed by a plurality of unipolar pulse trains are generated in the phase of the power converter.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a power converter for converting DC into an AC phase voltage having a potential of two or more levels, and a power converter including a motor driven by the power converter.
- a first pulse generation for outputting a plurality of pulses to the power converter in a half cycle of an output phase voltage by generating a pulse asynchronous with a fundamental wave of a voltage output by the power converter.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a control apparatus for an electric vehicle including an inverter for outputting an alternating current having a variable voltage and a variable frequency, and an induction motor driven by the inverter.
- control means for continuously changing the switching frequency of the inverter is provided. This is achieved by:
- the output voltage-related information such as the frequency of the inverter and the output voltage command
- it is mainly used for low-voltage control for dipolar modulation and intermediate output voltage control. Since overmodulation is used to control the unipolar modulation and the high output voltage that covers between one pulse and the unipolar modulation, the output voltage can continuously transition from zero to the maximum.
- the first modulation means can generate the output pulse independently of the inverter frequency, the configuration of the first modulation means for producing the pulse is simplified. be able to.
- control means for continuously changing the switching frequency of the inverter is provided. Since the harmonics of the sound change almost continuously, discontinuous changes in sound quality are reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the output voltage characteristics and the PWM mode.
- Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of a modulated wave for continuous transition to PWM mode in the multi-pulse region.
- FIG. 4 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the configuration of FIG.
- Figure 5 shows an example of a dipolar Z-unipolar transition control means.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the pulse generating means in the multi-pulse generating means.
- FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the on / off pulse widths.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the on / off pulse widths.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an overmodulation waveform.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flowchart of a re-timing setting means.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the amplitude setting means.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the multi-pulse / 1-pulse switching control means.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of one-pulse generating means.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of another embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the transition control means.
- Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage characteristics and the PWM mode when other PWM modes are included.
- Figure 17 is a diagram for explaining modulated waves in other PWM modes.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram of the transition control means for realizing another PWM mode.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the transfer control means.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the inverter frequency and the switching frequency.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a flowchart of the pulse width modulation means using software.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the overmodulation / 1-pulse transition control.
- FIGS. 23A to 23F are waveform diagrams in which overmodulation / transition control between one pulse is executed.
- Figure 24 is a diagram useful for explaining the basic operation of the U-phase switching unit.
- the three-level inverter (also known as the NPC) is a method of dividing a DC power supply voltage (overhead voltage in the case of an electric car) into two DC voltages using a series-connected capacitor. Thus, three voltage levels of high potential, intermediate potential and low potential are created, and these three levels of voltage are turned on and off by the on / off operation of the main circuit switching element. It is selectively derived to the output terminal.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic configuration (in the case of three phases) when applied to a railway electric car.
- reference numeral 4 denotes a DC overhead line (traffic line), which is a DC voltage source; 50, a DC reactor; 51, 52, a DC voltage source 4 having an intermediate potential point 0 (hereinafter, neutral).
- points 7a, 7b and 7c are composed of self-extinguishing switching elements, and gate signals applied to these switching elements are provided.
- This is a switching unit that selectively outputs high-potential point voltage (P-point voltage), neutral-point voltage (0-point voltage) and low-potential-point voltage (N-point voltage) according to the signal.
- the switching unit 7a is composed of 70 to 73 self-extinguishing switching elements (here, an IGBT, but a GT0, a transistor, etc.). However, it may be composed of 74 to 77 rectifying elements for reflux and 78 and 79 auxiliary rectifying elements. The load was shown for the induction motor 6.
- the switching units 7b and 7c have the same configuration as the unit 7a.
- output voltage refers to the output phase voltage of the inverter.
- the switching elements 70 constituting the switching unit 7a are turned on and off in accordance with three types of conduction patterns as shown in FIG. 24. Operate. In other words, in the output mode P that outputs the potential at the point P on the DC side, 70 and 71 are on, 72 and 73 are off, and the output voltage is E d / 2. In the output mode ⁇ ⁇ that outputs the potential, 71 and 72 are on, 70 and 73 are off, and zero potential is output as the output voltage. In output mode N that outputs the N-point potential , 70 : 7 1 is off, 72 and 7 3 are on, and the output power E is — E d Z Becomes 2
- Figure 24 shows the equivalent circuit of one phase of the main circuit (switching unit and clamp capacitor) in each output mode.
- the switching unit can be regarded as equivalent to a three-way switching switch.
- S p and S n which represent the conduction state of the element by binary values of 1 and 0,
- the switching functions Sp and Sn are determined by pulse width modulation (PWM) control so that the output voltage eu has a sinusoidal waveform.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the solid line in Fig. 2 Output voltage characteristics as shown are required.
- the output voltage is adjusted almost in proportion to the inverter frequency (this region is called the VVVF control region), so that the magnetic flux in the motor is kept almost constant.
- the frequency of the inverter is continuously increased while maintaining the maximum output voltage during the high-speed region (this region is called the CVVF control region). This realizes high-speed operation by maximizing the voltage utilization rate with a limited voltage.
- the switching frequency is low in a region where the inverter frequency is low and a minute output voltage control is required (near the starting point of the VVVF control region).
- a voltage pulse smaller than the minimum output pulse width determined by the minimum on-time of the tuning element cannot be realized, and as shown by the broken line in Fig. 2, a voltage higher than the command is applied. Will be output.
- F c Carrier frequency ... (Equation 2), and a voltage smaller than this cannot be controlled.
- E max is the effective value of the square wave voltage flowing through 180 °, D,
- dipolar modulation (dipolar mode) is effective.
- care must be taken when transitioning from dipolar modulation to unipolar modulation (unipolar mode).
- F c carrier frequency (Equation 5).
- F c carrier frequency
- T off 200 ⁇ s
- E 0.707 E max.
- E max the maximum output voltage
- the pulse width of one pulse mode is adjustable, the pulse width is reduced. In an attempt to maintain continuity, the continuity of the harmonics is lost.
- overmodulation is considered in terms of ease of pulse generation control, consistency with unipolar modulation, and continuity of harmonics included in the output voltage. ) Is the most effective.
- the output voltage is gradually reduced by narrowing the narrow slit between the pulses at the center (near the peak of the fundamental instantaneous value) in the voltage pulse train of the output voltage half cycle. Can be extended to around one pulse.
- one-pulse control that enables voltage control from overmodulation control by pulse width control that is not an extension of overmodulation (in other words, how to create a one-pulse mode that does not make the modulation rate infinite) Move to As a result, transition at a predetermined timing between overmodulation and one-pulse control is enabled, and continuous transition of the fundamental wave voltage is realized.
- the pulse mode (modulation mode) corresponding to the required output voltage can be selected. Obtain a stable, high-accuracy output voltage continuously from zero voltage to maximum voltage.
- Figure 3 shows an example of a modulated wave that can realize the above idea based on a unified voltage command.
- the basic modulated wave a proportional to the fundamental wave component of the output voltage is created by the following equation based on the inverter frequency index F i * from the upper current control means and the output voltage command E *.
- a A sin ⁇
- This fundamental modulation wave a is completely the same as dipolar modulation and unipolar modulation, and is the same for overmodulation except that the method of calculating the modulation factor A is different as described later.
- ap and an are set to be positive to simplify the creation of the switching functions Sp and Sn.
- the output voltage pulse width is a ⁇ , an It is set in proportion to the magnitude of the pulse, and in the case of dipolar modulation, the positive and negative pulses are controlled by approximately 180 °.
- dipolar modulation, unipolar modulation, and overmodulation are realized based on a unified voltage command, and continuous transition control up to one pulse, which is the maximum output, is possible.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a pulse width modulation device that controls the above-mentioned switching unit and outputs an AC voltage having a three-level potential.
- 1 is a multi-pulse generation means that outputs a dipolar modulation waveform, a unipolar modulation waveform, or an overmodulation waveform according to output voltage-related information and transition control information
- 2 is a one-pulse waveform according to output voltage-related information
- 1 is a pulse generating means that outputs (1 pulse mode)
- 3 is a transition control means that transitions each PWM mode continuously.
- the gate signal output from the transition control means 3 is a gate signal (not shown).
- the signal is supplied to the switching element in the switching unit of each phase via one amplifier, and is turned on / off.
- the pulse width modulation means composed of these multi-pulse generation means, one-pulse generation means 2 and transition control means 3 is a characteristic part of the present invention.
- the output voltage-related information taken into the pulse width modulation means is provided from the higher-order current control means 8.
- the current control means 8 creates a slip frequency command Fs * of the induction motor 6 from the current command by the current adjusting means 81 (based on a deviation between the current command value and the actual motor current). Then, an inverter frequency command F i * is created by adding the rotation frequency F r of the induction motor detected by the rotation frequency detection means 61 attached to the induction motor 6 and the above-mentioned F st.
- the output voltage setting means 8 2 creates the output voltage command E *.
- the output voltage characteristics shown in Fig. 2 are realized so that the output voltage is always as required.
- These current control means may output the instantaneous value of the output voltage.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration and operation of the pulse width modulation means. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of the overall configuration of the pulse width modulation means.
- the multi-pulse generating means i is composed of basic modulated wave generating means 11, bias superimposing means 12, positive / negative distribution means 13, reference signal generating means 14, and pulse generating means 15. You.
- the basic modulated wave generating means 11 obtains the phase 0 by integrating the inverter frequency command F i * received as the output voltage related information with the phase calculating means 112. Then, a sine value sin 0 at 0 is obtained. On the other hand, from the voltage command E *, one of the output voltage related information,
- the bias superimposing means 12 After calculating 1 Z 2, multiply by sine and create an instantaneous fundamental modulation wave a / 2 with amplitude 1 ⁇ 2, and output it.
- the bias superimposing means 12 adds and subtracts the bias B of the multi-pulse transition control means 31 of the transition control means 3 to the node 2 to obtain two positive and negative bias modulations. Generate and output waves a bp and a bn.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the configuration of the dipolar / unipolar transition control means 311 performed by setting this bias.
- the dipolar Z-to-bipolar transition control means 3 11 1 converts the output voltage command into a modulation factor A by multiplying the output voltage command by 4 ⁇ ⁇ by 3 11 a, and the bypass generation means 3 1 1 b
- the positive and negative comrades of both bias modulation waves are added to each other.
- the positive-side modulated wave is ap and the negative-side modulated wave is an.
- the pulse generation means 15 On the basis of the positive and negative modulated waves a p and an n, the pulse generation means 15 generates switching functions Sp and Sn with a pulse generation period of 2T0.
- Reference signal generation means 1 4 Determine the pulse generation period T 0 according to the force switching frequency command F sw *.
- F sw * and T o can be expressed by the following equation.
- T o l / (2F sw *) (Equation 12)
- the re-timing setting means 15 51 sets the rising timing T pup and S pup of Sp.
- T ndn a n T o (a on ⁇ a n ⁇ a off)
- Equation 16 The switching functions Sp and Sn are created by alternately performing the processing 1 and the processing 2 described above.
- the impulse width T won is not less than the minimum on-time T on determined by the switching element
- the off-pulse width T wo is set so as not to exceed the minimum on-time T on determined by the switching element.
- the characteristic shown by the solid line in Fig. 8 is set so that ff does not fall below the minimum off-time Toff determined by the switching element.
- the function of the pulse timing setting means 151 shown in Fig. 6, has been added. Since the discontinuity of the output voltage fundamental wave component generated by this is extremely small, it can be ignored.
- a off can be varied as long as the discontinuity of the output voltage fundamental wave component can be ignored, and the transition from the unipolar modulation to the overmodulation is controlled by the unipolar overmodulation transition control. Means are given from 3 1 2. If a of f is set constant, pulse generation can be further simplified.
- the switching function generating means 15 2 generates a reference signal having a period To and, in synchronism therewith, based on T pup, T ndn or T pdn. Set.
- Figure 9 shows an example of the switching function during overmodulation.
- the instantaneous value Ap of ap exceeds aof ⁇
- the slit between pulses of the switching function S ⁇ (hatched part in Fig. 9 (c)) is filled.
- This filled slit width is smaller than the minimum off-time of the switching element, and gradually decreases by about one or two pieces. Has little effect.
- FIG. 10 shows a flowchart in a case where the knowledge timing setting means 15 1 is realized by software.
- the maximum voltage state is maintained by filling the slit between the pulses in the center of the output voltage half cycle, and only the zero-cross of the modulated wave is maintained.
- PW ⁇ control It is carried out. Therefore, in this region, the modulation factor A and the output voltage actually output become non-linear, and even if the modulation factor A is increased linearly, the output voltage does not increase linearly with this.
- the output voltage during overmodulation is linearized by making the setting of the modulation factor A non-linear. That is, if the switching frequency in the PWM control section is sufficiently high, the relationship between the fundamental value R of the output voltage and the modulation factor A can be expressed by the following equation.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the 1 pulse Z multi-pulse switching control means 3 13.
- the multi-pulse mode is changed to 1-noise mode, and when E * is smaller than EMP, 1-pulse mode Tano. Hysteresis is provided to shift to the lus mode. As a result, careless transition of the PWM mode is suppressed, and a stable output voltage with less transient fluctuation is obtained.
- the transition from overmodulation to one pulse in the present embodiment does not increase the modulation rate until the number of pulses becomes one in the overmodulation mode.
- the sideband component buffers the fundamental wave, thereby reducing the continuity of the output current and causing a variation in the current.
- the mode in overmodulation, is shifted to one-pulse mode when there are still a plurality of pulses included in a half cycle of the fundamental wave.
- the pulse generating means 2 includes a phase calculating means 21 and a pulse generating means 22.
- the operation of the phase calculation means 21 may be exactly the same as that of 11 1, and 21 may be omitted and the output of 11 may be used.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of the pulse generation means 22.
- the three-level PWM can adjust the output voltage by controlling the pulse width during one-pulse control.
- the timing phase of the rising edge of the pulse and the timing phase S of the falling edge are calculated as follows.
- dipolar modulation, unipolar modulation, and overmodulation are realized based on a unified voltage command, and continuous transition control up to the maximum output of one pulse is possible.
- the output pulse train of the multi-pulse generating means is generated asynchronously with the frequency of the inverter, and the output pulse of the one-pulse generating means is generated in the inverter. It is controlled in synchronization with the frequency.
- the reason for this is that, in the above-mentioned conventional technology that employs the synchronous method in the multi-pulse region, firstly, control for managing the phase is complicated, and secondly, the output voltage command is changed from a sine wave to a request for some control.
- distortion in Fig. 1, the inverter frequency FI * and the output voltage command E * are adjusted according to the requirements of the electric vehicle control, etc.
- the first problem is that the synchronous system outputs a pulse that is an integral multiple of the inverter frequency, so a table having a relationship between the phase and the generated pulse is provided for each pulse mode.
- the phase and force obtained from the overnight frequency and the pulse generation phase are read out and output. The amount of calculation required for phase management and the memory for each pulse mode are enormous, which complicates control.
- the second problem is that the synchronous method shown in the prior art has 90 ° of pulse data, but since the data is created so that the output voltage becomes a sine wave, the output There is a problem that voltage cannot be expressed exactly as instructed.
- a pulse can be generated independently without being restricted by the frequency of the member for generating the pulse. That is, in FIG. 4, the switching frequency command F sw * can be set independently of the inverter frequency reference F i * (see FIG. 4, the reference generation 14 Therefore, the control can be simplified without the need for complicated control procedures for generating the looseness.
- the asynchronous system eliminates the need to store data for each phase, and provides instantaneous voltage commands. Since corresponding pulses can be output, even a distorted sine wave can be faithfully represented.
- the control for the phase calculation and the like is simplified, so that the calculation for outputting the pulse corresponding to the sequential voltage command can be performed, thereby shortening the calculation cycle. Can increase the fidelity.
- the switching frequency does not depend on the inverting frequency, so that the change in the switching frequency can be minimized, and the synchronous type is seen. It also has the effect of minimizing changes in sound quality (unusual sounds and unpleasant sounds) before and after the pulse mode switching.
- the switching voltage among the output voltage harmonics is used.
- interference occurs between the sideband wave component generated depending on the sampling frequency and the fundamental wave component of the inverted frequency.
- the dipolar modulation mode and the unipolar modulation mode are not synchronized with the inverter overnight frequency, and the overmodulation mode is set.
- 1 pulse mode are synchronized (Fig. 14).
- FIG. 15 shows another embodiment of the multi-pulse shift control.
- Fig. 15 shows only the multi-pulse transition control means 31. This shifts the four PWM modes depending on both the inverter frequency command Fi * and the voltage command E *. That is, dipolar modulation when F i * ⁇ F l or E * ⁇ E l, 1 * ⁇ ? 1 b £ 1 ⁇ 5 * * 2 and unipolar modulation, E 2 ⁇ E * Over-modulation when E ⁇ E 3 and one pulse when E * ⁇ E 3.
- dipolar modulation control is always performed in the low frequency region, it is possible to avoid current concentration on a specific switching element as in the case of unipolar modulation.
- Fig. 17 shows an example of the output voltage command waveform. In Fig. 17, it is completely the same as Fig. 3, except for (ii). Hereinafter, this partial dipolar modulation will be described. Due to the effects of noise superposition and positive / negative distribution, even if bias B is set to a range that is neither dipolar nor unipolar (0 ⁇ B ⁇ A / 2), It is possible to reproduce the required voltage of the fundamental modulation wave without excess or deficiency. In this case, unipolar modulation is applied near the peak of the output voltage, and the positive and negative modulation waves ap and an in the case of partial dipolar modulation, which is dipolar modulation. Is
- a bp (a bp> 0, a bn ⁇ 0)
- a p a bp + a bn (a bp> 0, a bn> 0)
- Fig. 18 shows an example of a die-polar Z-unipolar transition control means. Shown in If bias B is set as shown by the solid line in Fig. 18, dipolar modulation in the region of 0 ⁇ A ⁇ A1, partial dibolar modulation in the region of A1 ⁇ A ⁇ A2, and A ⁇ A2 In this region, unipolar modulation is performed. In this case, no abnormal noise is generated from the motor when switching between dipolar modulation and unipolar modulation, which is effective for reducing the noise of the device.
- FIG. 19 shows only the multi-pulse transition control means 31. This shifts the five PWM modes depending on both the inverter frequency command Fi * and the voltage command E *. That is,
- Dipolar modulation when F i * F F o and E * E E o partial bipolar modulation when F 0 ⁇ F i * ⁇ F 1 and E o ⁇ E * E E 1, 1 * ⁇ 1 It is assumed that when the modulation is £ 1 ⁇ £ * ⁇ £ 2, the modulation is over-modulation when E 2 ⁇ E * E 3, and 1 lus when E * ⁇ E 3.
- the variable range of the evening frequency F i * is about 0 to 300 Hz.
- the inverter frequency F cv at which the output voltage becomes the maximum is 15 to 13 of the upper limit of the inverter frequency variable, and the upper limit of F cv is about 100 Hz.
- the value of F cv A switching frequency of about 0 times, that is, a switching frequency of 1 kHz or more is required.
- the fluctuation of the switching frequency can be kept within 1-2 F i.
- Figure 20 compares the changes in switching frequency when the multipulse region is asynchronous and synchronous.
- the switching frequency changes discontinuously when the multipulse region is of the synchronous type, whereas it changes continuously in the asynchronous type.
- one-pulse / multi-pulse switching control means (1 ⁇ / ⁇ switching control) 3 1 3 inputs the voltage command ⁇ *, which is the transition control information, and the phase 0 of the output voltage.
- Carla 1 pulse mode or 1 no. Determine the signal SPM for switching from the pulse mode to the overmodulation mode.
- Figure 12 shows a configuration example of the one-pulse / multi-pulse switching control means 3 13.
- the switching timing generator 3 1 3b outputs the phase 0 output from the phase calculation means 21 to the PWM mode transition phase c, ac + 60 °, ac + 1 20 °, ac + Outputs 1 at 180 °, c + 240 °, and c + 300 °, and outputs 0 at other times.
- the latch means 313c switches the contents of the output signal SPM 'of the switching voltage detector 313a to switch the output timing of the switching generator 313b. Latch with.
- Output SPM ' 1 as shown in (b).
- (C) is the reference phase of the output voltage.
- (E) is the output of the latch means 313c. After the output power of the switching voltage detector 313a, 1 is output from the switching timing generator 313b. The actual switching timing signal SPM Output.
- E 1 P EMP and P WM mode transition phase ac, shed c + 6 0 °, shed c + 1 2 0 b, ac + 1 8 0 °,
- the important factors are ac + 240 ° and c + 300 °.
- the upper limit is determined by the switching frequency, and at least the pulse mode must be switched to 1-pulse mode when there are multiple pulses contained in a half cycle of the fundamental wave. No. As described above, this is switched from one pulse that cannot be controlled in pulse width (one pulse obtained by increasing the modulation rate in overmodulation mode) to one pulse that can be controlled in pulse width. Otherwise, continuity of the fundamental wave cannot be obtained.
- Figures 23A-2.3C and 23D-23F are simulations when transitioning from 1-pulse mode to overmodulation mode when the load is an induction motor. It is an example showing a waveform.
- FIGS. 23A to 23C show the case where the switching voltage and phase are not considered at all, and FIGS. 23D to 23F show the case where this embodiment is applied.
- Fig. 21 shows the rise and rise of the pulse in the pulse width modulation means of Fig. 4.
- the following is an example of a flowchart for realizing the down-timing operation by software.
- low-noise electric vehicles when applied to electric vehicles, low-noise electric vehicles can be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93913478A EP0597132B1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Power converter |
AU43543/93A AU664466B2 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Power converter |
US08/190,126 US5467262A (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Electric power converting apparatus |
DE69316711T DE69316711T2 (de) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Leistungswandler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4/143947 | 1992-06-04 | ||
JP4143947A JP2814837B2 (ja) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | 電力変換装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993024989A1 true WO1993024989A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
Family
ID=15350754
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000749 WO1993024989A1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Power converter |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5467262A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0597132B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2814837B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR940006328A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1040383C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU664466B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69316711T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993024989A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA933944B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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EP0658969A2 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-06-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power conversion equipment |
CN103580502A (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | 电源转换电路及控制直流-交流电路的方法 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0658969A2 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-06-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power conversion equipment |
EP0658969A3 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Electric power conversion equipment. |
US5680299A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1997-10-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power conversion equipment |
CN1036625C (zh) * | 1993-12-17 | 1997-12-03 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 电源逆变器系统 |
CN103580502A (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | 电源转换电路及控制直流-交流电路的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4354393A (en) | 1993-12-30 |
EP0597132A4 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
ZA933944B (en) | 1993-12-30 |
KR940006328A (ko) | 1994-03-23 |
AU664466B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
EP0597132A1 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
EP0597132B1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
DE69316711D1 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
JPH05344739A (ja) | 1993-12-24 |
DE69316711T2 (de) | 1998-08-27 |
CN1040383C (zh) | 1998-10-21 |
US5467262A (en) | 1995-11-14 |
US5587891A (en) | 1996-12-24 |
CN1083985A (zh) | 1994-03-16 |
JP2814837B2 (ja) | 1998-10-27 |
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