WO1989009069A1 - Medical material and process for their production - Google Patents
Medical material and process for their production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1989009069A1 WO1989009069A1 PCT/JP1989/000275 JP8900275W WO8909069A1 WO 1989009069 A1 WO1989009069 A1 WO 1989009069A1 JP 8900275 W JP8900275 W JP 8900275W WO 8909069 A1 WO8909069 A1 WO 8909069A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- epoxy
- group
- polymer
- compound
- groups
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical class OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002628 heparin derivative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002785 anti-thrombosis Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cu+2] QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical class CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004820 blood count Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 heparin compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004623 platelet-rich plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272875 Ardeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001137251 Corvidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001072332 Monia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002429 anti-coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010100 anticoagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002473 artificial blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001168 carotid artery common Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014508 negative regulation of coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L33/00—Antithrombogenic treatment of surgical articles, e.g. sutures, catheters, prostheses, or of articles for the manipulation or conditioning of blood; Materials for such treatment
- A61L33/0005—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L33/0011—Anticoagulant, e.g. heparin, platelet aggregation inhibitor, fibrinolytic agent, other than enzymes, attached to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/06—Triglycidylisocyanurates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S623/00—Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
- Y10S623/924—Material characteristic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
- Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31536—Including interfacial reaction product of adjacent layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
- Y10T428/31884—Regenerated or modified cellulose
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
- Y10T428/31917—Next to polyene polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
- Y10T428/3192—Next to vinyl or vinylidene chloride polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medical material, particularly a medical material having excellent antithrombotic properties, and an intermediate used therefor, and a method for producing the same.
- Regenerated cellulose-based materials are suitably used as medical polymer materials, and it is not possible to obtain anti-coagulant medical polymer materials by fixing heparin to regenerated cellulose or its derivatives.
- heparin derivatives, polymerizable vinyl monomers, and regenerated cellulose or derivatives thereof are started to be polymerized.
- regenerated cellulose an anticoagulant property
- a method of coating after molding is also conceivable, but a coating material that can solve the problem of separation has not yet been developed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems.
- the present invention provides a particularly excellent antithrombotic medical material and an intermediate material used for the same.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide products and methods for producing them.
- the functional group of a polymer compound having a functional group capable of bonding to an epoxy group is bonded to the epoxy group of a polymer having a large number of epoxy groups.
- a polymer material characterized by remaining unreacted epoxy groups is provided.
- a large number of the functional groups of the polymer compound having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group and the amino groups of the compound having two or more amino groups are included.
- the polymer having the epoxy group is a polymer having a bulk monomer as an essential component and having three or more epoxy groups per one chain length.
- the functional group of a polymer compound having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group and the amino group of a compound having two or more amino groups are formed by a large number of epoxy groups.
- a polymer material each bonded to an epoxy group, an amino group not bonded to an epoxy group and a heparin bonded to an epoxy compound of an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups to an amino group of a heparin.
- a medical material comprising a derivative and a epoxy group which is not bonded to an amino group.
- the above-mentioned polymer having an epoxy group is a polymer containing a vinyl monomer as an essential component and having three or more epoxy groups per one chain length.
- the medical material is preferably used as an antithrombotic material.
- the functional group of the polymer compound having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group is bonded to the epoxy group of a polymer having a large number of epoxy groups, and unreacted epoxy resin is formed.
- a process for producing a polymer material characterized by reacting the polymer compound with the polymer in an acetone-based solution in producing a polymer material having a residual silicon group. Provided.
- the functional group of the polymer compound having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group and the amino group of the compound having two or more amino groups are the same as those of the polymer having a large number of epoxy groups.
- An unreacted amino group bonded to the epoxy group In producing the remaining polymer material, it is a reaction product of the above-mentioned polymer compound and a polymer having a large number of epoxy groups, and is a functional compound capable of binding to the epoxy group of the polymer compound.
- a method for producing a polymer material characterized by reacting is provided.
- the functional group of the polymer compound having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group and the amino group of a compound having two or more amino groups are large.
- two or more epoxy groups are added to the amino group not bonded to the epoxy group and the amino group of heparin.
- a heparin compound is used.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in the number of white blood cells in an extracorporeal circulation experiment using a magpie.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the change in platelet count in the same experiment.
- the present invention includes three embodiments of the compounds. First, we briefly describe the relationship. First, in the first embodiment, a compound (C) of a polymer compound (A) having a functional group capable of binding to an epoxy group and a polymer (B) having a large number of epoxy groups is provided. .
- the second embodiment is also a conjugate (E) of the conjugate (C) obtained in the first embodiment and a compound (D) having two or more amino groups.
- the compound of the third embodiment is a compound (G) of the compound (E) obtained in the second embodiment and a heparin derivative (F).
- the polymer compound (A) used in the present invention is a compound having one or two or more functional groups capable of bonding, such as an epoxy group, such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a carboxyl group.
- an epoxy group such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a carboxyl group.
- a material having excellent moldability and workability can be obtained.
- the polymer (B) used in the present invention preferably has a vinyl monomer as an essential component as its skeleton, and is preferably a methacrylate or acrylate vinyl.
- a linear polymer containing any of the compounds as an essential component is particularly preferred.
- the number of epoxy groups is preferably 3 or more per chain length, and preferably contains a large number of epoxy groups, but considering the conditions for synthesis of linear polymers, In the case of acrylic acid, 20 to 50% by weight of glycidyl methacrylate is more preferable.
- a substance having a substance having an excluded volume effect in the side chain is mixed into the linear polymer skeleton to form a molecule of the linear polymer itself. It is preferable to increase the radius and increase the reactivity, and a substance having a fluorine compound in the side chain is particularly preferable.
- the method for producing the polymer material (C) of the present invention includes immersing in advance an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or the like.
- the above polymer compound may be immersed in an acetone solution of the above polymer at room temperature, but in order to enhance the treatment effect, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group are used as binders. It is preferable to use a compound containing a large number of such compounds.
- the amino group is included in the amino group of the polymer.
- a polymer material ( ⁇ ⁇ ) having a higher processing effect can be obtained.
- the polymer material (C) may be immersed in an aqueous solution of the compound (D) having two or more amino groups.
- ⁇ ⁇ is preferably set to 4.5 to 11. More preferably, ⁇ ⁇ 7-9.
- This medical material (G) is obtained by bonding the above-mentioned polymer material (E) and the following heparin derivative (F).
- the heparin derivative (F) used here is a reaction product of heparin and an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups, and is a compound obtained by reacting the amino group of heparin with the epoxy compound. The compound is bonded to the epoxy group of the compound, and an unreacted epoxy group remains in the reaction product.
- This heparin derivative can be obtained by reacting heparin with an epoxy compound having two or more 'epoxy groups in a liquid having a pH of 7 or more.
- the polymer material (E) is immersed in the aqueous solution of a heparin derivative to remain in the polymer material.
- a medical material is obtained in which the unreacted amino group and the unreacted epoxy group remaining in the heparin derivative are bonded.
- the pH at this time is preferably 3.5 to 12.
- the reaction time varies depending on other reaction conditions such as pH and reaction temperature, but is generally from 1 minute to 24 hours. Taking pH 4.5 and 45 ° C as examples, a reaction time of 30 minutes to 3 hours is particularly preferable.
- the medical material of the present invention thus obtained is produced under mild reaction conditions, the activity of heparin is not lost, and A strong bond with the polymer material, yet its binding ho is Ru stable der artificial blood vessels and artificial organs (intravascular indwelling catheter, blood 3 ⁇ 4 .XI over vessels, - plasma separator) in contact with blood, such as It is suitably used as a material for medical devices.
- a polymerization initiator in a glass polymerization tube 25 parts by weight of azobisi-soptilonitrile: 25 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate 12.5 parts by weight of glycidyl methacrylate 2.5 parts by weight were charged, and the polymerization tube was cooled in liquid nitrogen, deaerated with a vacuum bomb, replaced with nitrogen, further deaerated, and then sealed. The contents were heated to 60 e C in a thermostat until solidified. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled and opened, and the content was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and reprecipitated in methanol to obtain a white linear polymer.
- regenerated cellulose membrane (thickness: 0.2 mm) was used as a polymer compound, and this was immersed in a 0.5 wV% aqueous solution of sodium glacial oxide for 30 minutes. Further, the cellulose membrane was immersed in a 0.5 v.% Acetate solution of the above-mentioned linear polymer, and reacted at room temperature for 24 hours. After that, remove the cellulose membrane and Washed thoroughly with organic solvent and then with distilled water.
- Example 2 The cellulose membrane obtained in Example 1 was immersed in a 0.5 wZv% aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (molecular weight: 700,000) further adjusted to PH 8 for 10 minutes. Washed thoroughly.
- this heparin derivative was adjusted to pH 4.5 using 0.1 N sulfuric acid, and the resulting heparin derivative was dissolved in a 0.2 wV% aqueous solution of the heparin derivative.
- the cellulose membrane obtained in Example 2 4 5 Ji e C, 3 hours immersion in.
- the resulting treated regenerated cellulose membrane was taken out and washed thoroughly.
- the cellulose membrane was immersed in water, and sterilized by autoclaving for 115 minutes and 60 minutes to obtain a sample.
- 0.2 m of the platelet suspension is placed on the treated regenerated cellulose membrane (1 cm 2 ) and, as a control, untreated regenerated cellulose membrane, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polypropylene (PP), respectively. It was 2 mm thick and contacted at room temperature for 30 minutes. After a predetermined time, each sample was lightly washed with a 3.8% by weight sodium citrate diluent, and then 1.0% by weight glutaraldehyde / 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline ( PBS, pH During 7.4), the sample was stored in a cool place all day and night and fixed.
- PBS pH During 7.4
- Type I Three or four pseudopods are formed by spheroidizing the discoid form, which is a normal form of platelets, and it is considered that the adhesion of the material surface is relatively weak.
- Type II More than a few pseudopods are stretched and the vesicles are extended to half of the pseudopods, which seems to have strongly adhered to the material surface.
- Type II A thin vesicle expanded to more than half the length of the pseudopod, but almost completely expanded to form a similar circle and seem to have completely adhered to the material surface.
- Table 1 shows the test results.
- Table 2 shows the results of ESCA spectrum of each atom by JPS 90 SX).
- a copper ammonia regenerated cellulose hollow fiber (inner diameter about 200 ⁇ m, membrane thickness 12 ywm) is put in a glass tube, one end of the glass tube is connected to an assulator, and the other end is made of NaOH. It was immersed in a 0.5 w / v% aqueous solution. Further, the hollow fiber was filled with an NaOH aqueous solution by using the suction force of an assulator. After filling, it was left at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, after discharging the Na0H aqueous solution in the hollow fiber, a 0.5 wV% aqueous solution of the linear polymer used in Example 1 was filled into a glass tube by the same method.
- a dialyzer having an effective length of 14 cm and an inner surface area of 300 cm 2 was prepared by using a polyurethane-based bottling agent. Further, a 0.5 w V% aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (adjusted to pH 8) was filled into the dialyzer for 10 minutes, and then thoroughly washed. Further, a 0.2 w / V% aqueous solution of the heparin derivative used in Example 3 (adjusted to PH 4.5) was charged into the dialyzer at 45 ° C for 3 hours. Then, thoroughly washed, distilled water was Takashi ⁇ , 1 1 5 e C, then for 60 minutes O Toku Leeb sterile ', was prepared Daiaraiza scratch.
- Tables 3 and 4 show data from an experimental circuit using the treated copper ammonia regenerated cellulose hollow fiber membrane dialyzer obtained in Example 4, and Table 4 shows untreated copper ammonia as a control. Data from an experimental circuit using a monia regenerated cellulose hollow fiber membrane dialyzer ⁇ 8
- the Ht value was corrected using the following formulas for the white blood cell count and platelet count, and expressed as the Ht value immediately before the start of circulation.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphs showing the changes in the white blood cell count and platelet count in Tables 3 and 4, respectively, wherein the solid line is ⁇ treated copper, ammonia-regenerated cellulose hollow fiber membrane dialyzer, and the broken line. Indicates that the data was obtained using an untreated copper ammonia regenerated cellulose hollow fiber membrane dialyzer.
- the present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
- a polymer material having an increased number of functional groups on the polymer compound can be provided, and can be widely used as a material having excellent moldability and workability.
- the method for producing a polymer material according to the present invention comprises the steps of: By bonding a polymer having the above, the number of functional groups on the polymer compound can be increased.
- the method for producing a medical material of the present invention can strongly bind heparin to a polymer material, and has a biocompatibility in which heparin does not lose its anticoagulant activity.
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Description
明 発明の名称
医療用材料およびその製造方法 技術分野
本発明は医療用材料、 特に抗血栓性のすぐれた医療用材料お よ び,こ れに用い る中間物な ら田びに それ らの製造方法に関す る 背景技術
従来よ り、 医療用材料に生体適合性を付与する方法に関して 多く の提案がされている。
再生セルロース系の材料は医療用高分子材料と して好適に用 いられ、 再生セルロースまたほその誘導体にへパ リ ンを固定し て抗血液凝固性の医療用高分子材料を得るこ と はよ く知られて いる
しかし、 基体であるセルロースに直接へパ リ ンを結合し固定 する方法では、 へパ リ ンの固定量が少ないなどの問題があり 実用性に乏しいものであつ た
-
そこで、 このよう な問題点を改善した多く の医療用高分子材 料の製造方法が提案され、 例えばへパリ ン誘導体と、 重合性ビ ニルモノ マ一、 および再生セルロースまたは、 その誘導体を重 合開始剤の存在下に水茶溶媒中で反応させ再生セルロースに抗 血液凝固性を賦与したものなどがある (例えば、 特開昭 5 7 - 1 6 2 7 0 2号公報参照) 。
― 発明の開示
しかしながら、 医療用材料に付与すべき生体適合性と して特 に重要な処理量の増大を満足するものは見いだされていない。 例えば、 素材表面に官能基を導入して、 表面に配向させる と いう方法が考えられるが、 成形技術の面で実施が困難である。
また、 成形レてからコーティ ングする方法も考えられるが、 剝離.の問題を解決し得るコーティ ング物篁が未だ開発されて.い ない。
さらにコーティ ング物質をバイ ンダーと して用いる方法もあ るが、 官能基の配向性と関連する問題が残されている。
そのほか、 成形物中の官能基を利用して処理量を増大させる 方法があるが、 処理条件を強化するため成形物にその影響が出 る という問題があつ た。
本発明は、 上記の問題点に着目 してなされたも ので、 高分子 化合物上の官能基を増大させる こ と に よ り 、 特に抗血栓性のす ぐれた医療用材料およびこ れに用いる中間物ならびにそれらの 製造方法を提供する こ と を目的と する。
上記目的を達成するために、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と 結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の該官能基と多数のェ ポキシ基を有するポ リ マーのエポキシ基とが結合してな り 、 か つ未反応のエポキシ基が残存している こ と を特徴とする高分子 材料が提供される。
ま た、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有 する高分子化合物の該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ基を 2個以上有する化 合物のア ミ ノ基とが、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポ リ マーのェ ポキシ基と それぞれ結合してな り 、 かつ未反応のァ ミ ノ 基が残 存している こ と を特徴とする高分子材料が提供される。
上記エポキシ基を有するポ リ マーが、 ビュル单量体を必須成 分 と し、 かつ 1 鎖長当た り エポキシ基を 3 個以上有する ポ リ マーである こ とが好ま しい。
さ ら に、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を 有する高分子化合物の該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ 基を 2個以上有する 化合物のア ミ ノ 基とが、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポ リ マーの
,
エポキシ基とそれぞれ結合した高分子材料における、 エポキシ 基と結合していないァミノ基と、 へパリ ンのァミノ基に 2個以 上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物のエポキシ基が結合し たへパリ ン誘導体における、 ァミノ基と結合していないェポキ シ基とが結合してなる医療用材料が提供される。
上記エポキシ基を有するポリ マーが、 ビニル单量体を必須成 分と し、 かつ 1 鎖長当た り エポキシ基を 3個以上有するポリ マーであるこ とが好ま しい。
ま た、 前記医療用材料は、 抗血栓材料に用いるのが好ま し い。
なおまた、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基 を有する高分子化合物の該官能基と多数のエポキシ基を有する ポリ マーのエポキシ基とが結合してなり、 かつ未反応のェポキ
'シ基が-残存している高分子材料を製造するにあたり、 上記高分 子化合物をァセ 卜 ン系溶液中で上記ポリ マーと反応させるこ と を特徴とする高分子材料の製造方法が提供される。
さらに、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を 有する高分子化合物の該官能基と、 アミノ基を 2個以上有する -化合物のアミノ基とが、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリマーの エポキシ基とそれぞれ結合してなり、 かつ未反応のァミ ノ基が
残存している高分子材料を製造する にあた り 、 上記高分子化合 物と多数のエポキシ基を有するポ リ マーとの反応生成物であつ て、 高分子化合物のエポキシ基と結合可能な官能基と ポ リ マ のエポキシ基とが結合し、 かつ反応生成物中に未反応のェボキ シ基が残存している高分子材料を水性溶液中で上記ァ ミ ノ 基を 2個以上有する化合物と反応させる こ と を特徴とする高分子材 料の製造方法が提供される。
ま た、 本発明によれば、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有 する高分子化合物の該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ 基を 2個以上有する化 合物のア ミ ノ基とが、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポ リ マーのェ ポキシ基と それぞれ結合した高分子材料における、 エポキシ基 と結合していないァ ミ ノ基と、 へパ リ ン の ァ ミ ノ 基に 2個以上 のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物のエポキシ基が結合した へパ リ ン誘導体における ァ ミ ノ基と結合していないエポキシ基 と が結合してなる医療用材料を製造する にあた り 、 へパ リ ンの ァ ミ ノ基とエポキシ化合物のエポキシ基とが結合し、 かつ反応 生成物中に未反応のエポキシ基が残存しているへパ リ ン誘導体 を水性溶液中で上記高分子材料と反応させる こ と を特徴とする 医療用材料の製造方法が提供される。
図面の簡単な説明
- 第 1 図ほ、 ケサギを用いた体外循環実験における白血球数の 変動を示す図である。
第 2 図は、 同実験に お ける血小板数の変動を示す図であ る。 発明を実施するための最良の形態
以下に、. 本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
本発明には 3 つの態様の化合物が含まれる。 これらについ てまず簡略にその関係を述べる。 ま ず、 第 1 の態様のも の ほ、 エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物 ( A ) と、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マー ( B ) との結合 物 ( C ) である。
第- 2 の態様の も のほ、 上記第 1 の態様で得られた結合物 ( C ) と、 アミノ基を 2個以上有する化合物 ( D ) との結合物 ( E ) である。
さらに、 第 3 の態様のものは、 上記第 2の態様で得られた結 合物 ( E ) と、 へパ リ ン誘導体 ( F ) との結合物 ( G ) であ る。
まず、 本発明の高分子材料すなわち前記結合物 ( C ) および
( E ) について説明する。
. 本発明に用いる高分子化合物 ( A ) は、 エポキシ基ど結合可 能な官能基、 例えば水酸基、 ア ミ ノ 基、 カルボキシル基などの 中の 1 種ま たは 2種以上を有する もので、 再生セルロース、 各 種セルロース誘導体、 ボ リ メ タク リ ル酸、 ポ リ ヒ ド ロキシェチ ルメ タ ク リ レー ト およびその共重合体、 キ ト サン、 ポ リ ビニル アルコール、 エチレ ンビニルアルコール共重合体などが用いら れ、 水酸基、 ア ミ ノ基およびカルボキシル基の中の 1 種ま たは 2種以上を有するものを用いる と成形性および加工性.のす ぐれ た材料が得られる。
本発明に用いるボ リ マ一 ( B ) は、 その骨格と してビニル单 量体を必須成分と している ものが好ま し く 、 メ タク リ ル酸系及 びァク リ ル酸系ビニル化合物のう ちのいずれかを必須成分とす る線状ポ リ マーが特に好ま しい。 エポキシ基の数と しては、 . 1 鎖長当た り 3 個以上が好ま し く 、 望ま し く は多く 含有する も のが好ま しいが、 線状ポ リ マー合成条件を加味すれば、 ァク リ ル酸系の場合グ リ シジルメ タ ク リ レー ト の重量比で 2 0 〜 5 0 %がよ り好ま しい。
さ ら に、 線状ポ リ マー骨格内に、 排除体積効果のある物質を 側鎖に有する ものを配合させて、 線状ポ リ マ一分子自身の分子
半径を広げ、 反応性を高めるのが好ましく、 フ ッ素化合物を側 鎖に有する物質ほ、 特に好適である。 - 本発明の高分子材料 ( C ) の製造方法と しては、 予め水酸化 ナ ト リ ウム、 水酸化リ チウム、 水酸化カ リ ウム、 水酸化カルシ ゥム等のアルカ リ溶液中に浸漬しておいた上記高分子化合物を 上記ポリ マーのァセ 卜 ン溶液中に室温下で浸漬すればよいが、' 処理効果を高めるためには、 バイ ンダーと して水酸基、 ァミノ 基、 カルボキシル基などを多数含有する化合物を用いるのが好 ま しい。 この他に触媒を用いるなどの方法もある。
特 に 、 反応性の高い ア ミ ノ 基を 2 個以上有す る化合物 ( D ) 、 例えばボリエチレンィ ミ ン、 ボリ アク リ ルアミ ドなど を用いると、 該ァミノ基が上記ポリ マーのァミノ基の中のェポ キシ基と結合した残り の基と容易に ί合して、 一層処理効果の 高い高分子材料 ( Ε ) を得るこ とができる。
. また、 本発明の高分子材料 ( Ε ) の製造方法と しては、 上記 アミノ基を 2個以上有する化合物 ( D ) の水性溶液中に、 上記 高分子材料 ( C ) を浸漬すればよい。 この時の ρ Ηは 4 . 5 〜 1 1 とするのがよい。 さらに好ま しく は、 ρ Η 7〜 9 であ る。
つぎに、 本発明の医療甩材料 ( G ) について説明する。
こ の医療用材料 ( G ) は上記高分子材料 ( E ) と下記へパ リ ン誘導体 ( F ) と を結合させて得るものである。
こ こ で用いるへパ リ ン誘導体 ( F ) は、 へパ リ ン と 2個以上 のエポキ シ基を有するエポキシ化合物と の反応生成物であつ て、 へパ リ ンのァ ミ ノ基とエポキシ化合物のエポキシ基と が結 合し、 かつ反応生成物中に未反応のエポキシ基が残存している も のである。 こ のへパ リ ン誘導体は、 へパ リ ン と 2個以上の 'エポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物と を p H 7 以上の液体中で 反応させる こ と によ っ て得ら る。
本発明の医療用材料 ( G ) の製造方法と しては、 上記へパ リ ン誘導体水性溶液中に、 上記高分子材料 ( E ) を浸漬する こ と によ り 、 高分子材料に残存している未反応のア ミ ノ 基とへパ リ ン誘導体に残存している未反応のエポキシ基とが結合した医療 用材料が得られる。 こ の時の p H は 3 . 5〜 1 2 とす のが よい。
反応時間は、 p H や反応温度等の他の反応条件によ っ て異な るが、 一般に 1 分か ら 2 4時間である。 p H 4 . 5、 4 5 °C を例に とれば、 反応時間 3 0分〜 3 時間が特に好ま しい。
このよ う に して得られた本発明の医療用材料は、 温和な反応 条件下で製造されるため、 へパ リ ン の活性が失なわれず、 かつ
高分子材料との結合が強固であり、 しかもその結合ほ安定であ る で人工血管や人工臓器 (血管内留置用カテーテル、 血液 ¾Ξ 過器、 -血漿分離器) のよう な血液と接触する医療具用の材料と して好適に使用される。
以下に本発明を実施例に基づき、 具体的に説明する。
(実施例 1 )
ガラス製重合管に重合開始剤と してァゾビスィ ソプチロニト リルひ: 2 5重量部、 メチルメ タク リ レー ト 1 2 . 5重量部、 グリ シジルメタク リ レート 2 5重量部、 へキサフルォロイ ソブ 口ビルメタク リ レード 1 2 . 5重量部を仕込み、 この重合管を 液体窒素中で冷却して真空ボンブで脱気、 窒素置換、 さ らに脱 気したのちに溶封した。 この内容物が固化するまで恒温槽中で 6 0 eCに加熱した。 その後、 冷却して開封し、 内容物をテ ト ラヒ .ド.口フ ラ ンに溶解し、 メタノールに再沈殿するこ と によ り 白色の線状ポリ マーを得た。
高分子化合物と して再生セルロース膜 (膜厚 0 . 2 m m ) 0 . 3 g を用い、 こ れを 0 . 5 w V %氷酸化ナ小 リ ウム水 溶液中に 3 0分間浸漬し、 さ ら に上記線状ポ リ マーの 0 . 5 v. % アセ ト ン溶液に該セルロース膜を浸漬し、 室温下で 2 4時間反応させた。 その後、 セルロース膜を取り 出し、 有
機溶媒、 つぎに蒸留水で十分に洗浄した。
(実施例 2 )
実施例 1 で得られたセルロース膜を、 さ らに P H 8 に調整し た ポ リ エチ レ ンィ ミ ン (分子量 7 0 0 0 0 ) の 0 . 5 wZ v % 水溶液に 1 0分間浸漬したのち、 十分に洗浄した。
(実施例 3 )
ポ リ エチ レ ング リ コ ールジグ リ シジルエーテル (分子量 1 1 1 0 ) 0 . 4 4 4 g ( 4 1 0 _4moj2 ) を 1 0 m j2 の水 に溶解させ、 こ れにへパ リ ンナ ト リ ウ ム 1 . 0 g を加え均一に 溶解させたのち、 0 . 1 Nの水酸化ナ ト リ ウム溶液で、' 反応溶 液の p H を 9 . 0 に調整した。 こ の溶液を室温で 5 日間攪拌 反応させ、 さ ら に、 0 . 1 N の硫酸で p H を 7 . 0 に調整し た。 未反応のポリ エチレングリ コールジグリ シジルエーテル を除く ために、 クロ口ホルム l O m jS を加え攪拌後、 3 2 0 0. r . p . m .で 3 0分間遠心分離機にかけ、 へパ リ ン誘導体水溶液を 回収した。 さ らにこ の抽出操作を 2回繰り返し、 続いてこ の へパ リ ン誘導体水溶液を軽く蒸発し、 所定量の水で希釈してへ パ リ ン誘導体水溶液を得た。
つぎに、 こ のへパ リ ン誘導体を、 0 . 1 N硫酸を用いて p H 4 . 5 に調整し、 該へパ リ ン誘導体の 0 . 2 w V %水溶液中
に実施例 2で得たセルロース膜を 4 5 eC、 3時間浸漬じた。 得られた処理再生セルロース膜を取り出し、 十分に洗浄した。
さらに、 水中に上記セルロース膜を浸漬し、 1 1 5 、 6 0 分間オートク レーブ滅菌を行ないサンブルとした。
(実験例 1 ) (処理再生セルロース膜の評価)
3 . 8重量%クェン酸ナ ト リ ウムを採血量に対して 1 ノ 1 ひ 容収容したボリプロピレン製シ リ ンジを用いて、 健常人の静脈 血を採血し、 これをポリ ブロビレン製試験管に管壁をつたわら せて静かに移し、 8 0 0 r.p.m.で 5分間遠心分離機にかけ、 上 澄みの多血小板血漿 ( P R P ) を採取し、 3 . 8重量%クェン 酸ナ ト リ ゥム希釈液 ( 0 . 0 1 M リ ン酸緩衝化生食 ( P B S、 P H 7 . 4 ) に対レ 1 Z 1 0容) で希釈して血小板数 100000 個 Zmm3 の血小板浮遊液を調製した。
この血小板浮遊液 0 . 2 m を、 上記処理再生セルロース膜 ( 1 cm2 ) および比較対照として、 未処理再生セルロース膜、 ポ リ メ チルメタク リ レー卜 ( P M M A ) およびボリ プロピレン ( P P ) にそれぞれのせ 2 mmの厚みをもたせ室温下で 3 0分間 接触させた。 所定時間経過後、 各試料を 3 . 8重量%クェン 酸ナ ト リ ウム希釈液で軽く洗淨し、 次に 1 . 0重量%グルター ルアルデヒ ド / 0 . 0 1 M リ ン酸緩衝化生食 ( P B S、 p H
7 . 4 ) 中に試料を一昼夜冷所保存して固定した。 さ らに蒸 留水で軽く 洗浄後、 エタ ノ ール系列で段階脱水し ( 5 0重量 %、 6 0重量%、 7 0重量%、 8 0重量%、 9 0重量%、 9 5 重量%、 1 0 0重量%、 1 0 0重量%のそれぞれエタ ノ ール溶 液中で 1 0分間順々 に処理する。 ) 、 風乾し、 走査型電子顕微 鏡 ( J S M - 8 4 0 , 日本電子製) で観察した。 評価法は、 0 . 0 7 ram2 に付着した血小板数とその形態変化を見た。 形 態変化は下記の 3種に分類した。
I 型 : 血小板正常形態である円盤形から球状化して 3 〜 4本 の偽足を出したもので材料面どの粘着が比較的弱いと考えられ るもの。
II型 : 数本以上の偽足を伸ばして、 偽足の半分まで胞体を拡 げたもので、 材料面に強く粘着したと思われるもの。
ΠΙ型 : 偽足の長さの半分以上に薄い胞体を拡げたものが、 ほ ぼ完全に胞体を拡張して類円系を呈し材料面に完全に粘着した と思われるもの。
試験結果を第 1 表に示す。
第 1 表
(実験例 2 )
なお、 上記処理再生セルロース膜および比較対照の未処理再 生セルロース膜の X線光電子分光法 ( E S C A : 日本電子製
J P S 9 0 S X ) による各原子の E S C Aスべク トルの結果を 第 2表に示す。 - - ' -
第 2 表
(実施例 4 ) (ダイ ァ ラ イ ザ一の調製)
銅ア ン モニア再生セルロース中空糸 (内径約 2 0 0 μ m , 膜 厚 1 2 yw m ) をガラス管に入れ、 該ガラス管の一端をァスビ レータ ーに接続し、 他端を N a O H の 0 . 5 w / v %水溶液中 に浸漬した。 さらにァスビレーターの吸引力を利用し、 該中 空糸内に N a 0 H水溶液を充塡した。 充塡後室温で 3 0分間 放置した。 ついで前記中空糸中の N a 0 H水溶液を排出した のち、 実施例 1 で用いた線状ポリ マーの 0 . 5 w V %ァセ ト ン溶液を同様の手法でガラス管中に充塡し、 室温下で 2 4時間 放置した。 その後、 上記線状ボリ マーの 0 . 5 w V %ァセ ト ン溶液を排出したのち、 アセ ト ン で洗浄し、 さ らに蒸留水で 十分に洗浄し、 2 5 °Cの温度で送風乾燥した。 さ らに乾燥の
,。
1 D 完全を斯すために 6 0 °Cのオーブン内に一夜放置した p
該セル ロース中空糸 3 1 本を甩い、 ポリ ウ レ タ ン系ボ ティ ング剤を使用し、 有効長 1 4 cm, 膜内表面積 3 0 0 c m 2 の ダイ ァライ ザ一を作製した。 さ ら に、 ボ リ エチ レ ンィ ミ ンの 0 . 5 w V %水溶液 ( p H 8 に調整したもの) をダイ ァライ ザ一内に 1 0分間充塡し、 その後、 十分に洗浄した。 さ ら に、 実施例 3 で用いたへパ リ ン誘導体の 0 . 2 w / V %水溶液 ( P H 4 . 5 に調整したもの) をダイァライザ一内に 4 5 °C、 3時間充塡した。 その後、 十分に洗浄し、 蒸留水を充塡し、 1 1 5 eC、 6 0分間オー トク レープ滅菌'し、 ダイァライザ一を 調製した。
(実験例 3 ) (生体の準備)
ゥサギを、 北島式固定台に背位固定した。 ついで、 電動バ リ カ ンで術野の毛を刈り酒精綿で清拭した。 ノ、サミで顎下か ら鎖骨に入るまで正中線に沿って切開し、 さらに筋膜を開き、 神経、 分枝血管および周囲の組織を損傷しないよ う に注意しな がら右.(左) 総頸動脈を剝離した。 ついで左 (右) 顔面静脈 を同様に注意しながら深く剝離し、 1 I ϋノ D1 J2 のへパ リ ン加 生食水を満たした混注用ゴムキヤ ブを付けたテルモ株式会社 製サーフ ロー (テルモ株式会社の登録商標) 留置カ テーテルを
挿入し、 結紮固定した。 同様に、 前記動脈にもカ テーテルを 挿入し、 結紮固定した。
(循環実験)
こ のよ う に して準備した ゥサギについて、 上記ダイ ァライ ザ一および比較例と して同様の膜面積を有する未処理の銅ア ン モニァ再生セルロース中空糸膜ダイ ァ ラ イ ザ一について実験を 行なった。 すなわち、 実験回路およびダイ ァライザ一を、 予 め、 生理食塩水 1 0 0 mJ2 でブライ ミ ン グ洗浄し、 前記準備し た ゥ サギの動脈側および静脈側に回路を接続し、 血流速度 1 0 mj2ノ分で、 2時間体外循環実験を行なっ た。 循環開始 直後、 5分、 1 0分、 1 5分、 2 0分、 2 5分、 3 0分、 4 5 分、 6 0分、 1 2 0分後に各 1 m ^採血し、 採血した血液を 1 . 5重量% E D T A — 2 N a生理食塩水にて抗凝固処理した のち、 E L T — 8 ( Orth I n s t rume n t s社製) で血球数を算定し た。 その結果得られた白血球数 ( W B C ) 、 血小板数 ( P L T ) およびへマ ト ク リ ツ 卜値 ( H C T ) を第 3表および第 4表 に示す。 第 3表は、 実施例 4で得られた処理銅ア ン モニア再 生セルロース中空糸膜ダイ ァラィザ一を用いた実験回路からの データ、 第 4表は比較対照と し ての未処理銅ア ン モニ ア再生セ ルロース中空糸膜ダイ ァライザ一を用いた実験回路からのデ一
ί 8
タである。 なお、 白血球数、 血小板数ほ次式を用いて H t値 補正を行ない、 循環開始直前の H t値での値と して—表わ し た。
H t
C X = C o
H t o
C x : 補正値
C 0 : 実測算定値
H t X : 補正基準 H t値 =最初の H t値 H t o : C o値を得たと きの H t値
3
4 表 M vv o D p L T H C T
(min) M E A N S D M E A N S D M E A N S D
{%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) n u 1
1 u u π 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 c
O o Q Π u . 7 l 1 1 g 7 8 1 4 9 9. 9 1.. 1
1 0 5 6. 5 6 9 1 1 5. 7 1 0 0. 2 1 . 8
1 5 5 5. 6 7. 5 8 7. 3 1 7. 6 1 0 0. 4 2. 3
2 0 6 2. 6 1 0. 5 8 4. 3 1 6 1 0 0. 8 2. 1
2 5 7 4. 5 1 5. 5 8 0. 2 1 5. 3 9 9. 4 3. 2
3 0 8 6 2 1. 1 7 7. 2 1 7. 7 9 9. 3 2. 7
45 1 1 1 3 1 7 0. 2 1 3. 4 9 7. 3 5. 2
6 0 1 1 5. 5 2 1. 5 58 1 6. 2 9 7. 3 3. 3
1 2 0 1 3 1 . 9 23. 8 44. 7 1 2. 1 9 5. 3 4. 9
2 Q
第 1 図および第 2図は、 それぞれ前記第 3表および第 4表に おける白血球数および血小板数の変動を示す図であり、 実線は '処理銅.アンモニア再生セルロース中空糸膜ダイァライザ一、 破 線は未処理銅ア ンモニア再生セルロース中空糸膜ダイ ァライ ザ一をそれぞれ用いたデータであるこ とを示している。 産業上の利用可能性
本発明は、 以上説明したよう に構成されているので、 以下に 記載されるよう な効果を奏する。
高分子化合物上の官能基を増大ざせた高分子材料を提供する こ とができ、 成形性および加工性のすぐれた材料と して広く利 用できる。
へパ リ ンの活性が失われず、 かつ高分子材料との結合が強固 で結合量も多く安定であり、 さらに生体適合にすぐれた医療用 村料を提供するこ とができ、 引続き処理する物笪の処理量を増 大し、 処理効果が十分に期待できる。 また、 処理条件も比較 的温和であるため、 成形への影響も少なく操作性も比較的有利 である。 従って、 抗血栓性材料と して広く利用できる。
さらに、 本発明の高分子材料の製造方法は、 エポキシ基と結 合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物に対し多数のェポキシ基
を有するポリ マーを結合するこ と に よ り 、 高分子化合物上の官 能基を増大させるこ とを可能と した。
また、 本発明の医療用材料の製造方法は、 高分子材料にへパ' リ ンを強く 結合するこ とができ、 しかもへパ リ ンの抗血液凝固 活性が失われていない生体適合性を有する医療用材料、 特に、 抗血栓性材料を提供できる。
Claims
( 1 ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マ一のエポキシ基と が結合してなり、 かつ未反応のエポキシ基が残存しているこ と を特徴とする高分子材料。
( 2 ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ 基を 2個以上有する化合物のァ ミ ノ基と が、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マーのェボキシ基と.それぞ れ結合してなり、 かつ未反応のァミノ基が残存しているこ とを 特徴とする高分子材料。
( 3 ) エポキシ基を有するポリ マーが、 ビニル单量体を必須成 分と し、 かつ 1 鎖長当た り エポキシ基を 3個以上有するポリ マーである請求項 1 または 2記載の高分子材料。
( ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ基を 2個以上有する化合物のァミ ノ基と が、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マーのエポキシ基とそれぞ れ結合した高分子材料における、 エポキシ基と結合していない ァミノ基と、 へパ リ ンの ァミノ基に 2個以上のエポキシ基を有 するェポキシ化合物のェポキシ基が結合したへパ リ ン誘導体に おける、 ァミ ノ基と結合していないエポキシ基とが結合してな
る医療用材料。 .
( 5 ) エポキシ基を有するポ リ マーが、 ビニル単量体を必須 成分と し、 かつ 1 鎖長当た り エポキシ基を 3個以上有するポリ マーである請求項 4記載の医療用材料。
( 6 ) 抗血栓性材料である請求項 4 ま たは 5記載の医療用材 料。
( 7 ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基と多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マーのエポキシ基と が結合してなり、 かつ未反応のエポキシ基が残存している高分 子材料を製造する にあたり、 上記高分子化合物をアセ ト ン系溶 液中で上記ボリ マーと反応させる こ とを特徴とする高分子材料 の製造方法。
( 8 ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基と、 ア ミ ノ 基を 2個以上有する化合物のァ ミ ノ基と が、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マーのエポキシ基とそれぞ れ結合してなり、 かつ未反応のァミ ノ基が残存している高分子 材料を製造するにあた り、 上記高分子化合物と多数のエポキシ 基を有するポリ マーとの反応生成物であって、 高分子化合物の エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基とポリ マーのエポキシ基とが結 合し、 かつ反応生成物中に未反応のエポキシ基が残存している
高分子材料を水性溶液中で上記ァミノ基を 2個以上有する化合 物と反応させるこ とを特徴とする高分子材料の製造方法。 .
( 9 ) エポキシ基と結合可能な官能基を有する高分子化合物の 該官能基と、 ア ミノ基を 2個以上有する化合物のァミ ノ基と が、 多数のエポキシ基を有するポリ マーのエポキシ基とそれぞ れ結合した高分子材料における.、 エポキシ基と結合していない ァミノ基と、 へパ リ ンのァミノ基に 2個以上のエポキシ基を有 するエポキシ化合物のエポキシ基が結合したへバリ ン誘導体に おけるァミノ基と結合していないェボキシ基とが結合してなる 医療用材料を製造するにあたり、 へパ リ ンのァミノ基とェポキ シ化合物のエポキシ基とが結合し、 かつ反応生成物中に未反応 のェポキシ基が残存しているへパ リ ン誘導体を水性溶液中で上 記高分子材料と反応させるこ とを特徴とする医療用材料の製造 方法。
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JP63074088A JP2561309B2 (ja) | 1988-03-28 | 1988-03-28 | 医療用材料およびその製造方法 |
JP63/74088 | 1988-03-28 |
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EP (1) | EP0407580B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2561309B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU621873B2 (ja) |
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Citations (1)
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JPH06348336A (ja) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 無人搬送車の誘導制御装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US3917894A (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1975-11-04 | Tee Pak Inc | Process for coating regenerated cellulose film and the coated film |
JPS5498095A (en) * | 1978-01-18 | 1979-08-02 | Kuraray Co | Adsorptive blood purifier |
GB2041377B (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1983-09-28 | Woodroof Lab Inc | Bio compatible and blood compatible materials and methods |
DE3109141A1 (de) * | 1981-03-11 | 1982-09-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Antithrombogene ausruestung von matrix-oberflaechen |
JPS5811225B2 (ja) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-03-02 | 工業技術院長 | 抗血液凝固性ブロツク共重合体の製造方法 |
JPS59155432A (ja) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-09-04 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | 易動性の大きな分子鎖を有する表面改質ポリマ− |
JPS6092762A (ja) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-05-24 | ユニチカ株式会社 | 抗血栓性高分子材料 |
US4863907A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1989-09-05 | Seikagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Crosslinked glycosaminoglycans and their use |
JPS6348336A (ja) * | 1986-08-18 | 1988-03-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 抗血液凝固性高分子材料 |
DE3786927T2 (de) * | 1986-12-03 | 1993-12-23 | Terumo Corp | Antithrombotische arzneimittel und deren herstellung. |
US4859758A (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1989-08-22 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Acid-functional polymers derived from cellulose ester-unsaturated alcohol copolymers, which are reacted with cyclic anhydrides |
-
1988
- 1988-03-28 JP JP63074088A patent/JP2561309B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-03-15 WO PCT/JP1989/000275 patent/WO1989009069A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1989-03-15 US US07/582,185 patent/US5165919A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-15 AU AU33473/89A patent/AU621873B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-03-15 DE DE68922726T patent/DE68922726T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-15 EP EP89903208A patent/EP0407580B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06348336A (ja) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 無人搬送車の誘導制御装置 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5945457A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 1999-08-31 | A.V. Topchiev Institute Of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy Of Science | Process for preparing biologically compatible polymers and their use in medical devices |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE68922726T2 (de) | 1996-01-04 |
DE68922726D1 (de) | 1995-06-22 |
US5165919A (en) | 1992-11-24 |
JP2561309B2 (ja) | 1996-12-04 |
EP0407580A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
AU3347389A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
JPH01244763A (ja) | 1989-09-29 |
AU621873B2 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
EP0407580B1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
EP0407580A4 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
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