Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
  • G01K17/02—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters
  • G01K17/025—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters where evaporation, sublimation or condensation caused by heating or cooling, is measured

Definitions

• the invention relates to a heat cost allocator according to the principle of evaporation for recording the heat consumption of radiators.
• Such heating cost allocators have been used for decades and in very large numbers. In the course of development, a basic structure of these devices has emerged. Thereafter, the heat cost allocator consists essentially of a back part made of a good heat-conducting material, a housing front with an elongated, vertical cutout, which is closed by a transparent window, one or more scales and an ampoule for holding the evaporation liquid.
• This ampoule is mounted in the front part of the housing, is pressed resiliently against an upper stop and, when the front and rear parts of the housing are connected, fits into a corresponding recess in the rear part of the housing in a heat-fitting manner. Furthermore, the device has a closure device in the form of a seal which is inserted with its shaft through a recess in the front part of the housing, hooks onto a corresponding projection of the rear part of the housing and can be sheared off at a main desired breaking point of its shaft by rotating its round head, thereby making it disintegrates into two parts and the housing can be opened.
• the invention is based on the object of improving such a heat cost allocator in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are eliminated and further significant advantages are achieved.
• the seal used so far generally has a round head, a shaft with the main target breaking point and a hook for hanging on the back of the housing.
• recesses in the head are provided for turning off the seal head, which can be engaged with a screwdriver blade or a similar tool.
• the seal head can be twisted off already during the heating period, reconnect the sheared main breaking point with an adhesive, for example a superglue, and reinsert the seal after the heating period has ended. Since the reader of the heat cost allocator shears off the same predetermined breaking point when the device is opened as intended, it is practically impossible for him to discover the previous manipulation.
• the seal head has only a substantially flat surface on its front side, which offers no possibility of attack for a tool for rotating the seal head, that the seal head is recessed into the front part of the housing, so that no effective frictional forces can be exerted on it in the direction of rotation, that the seal head on its rear side and the surface of the housing front part which it touches have mutually engaging projections or depressions which prevent rotation of the seal head when pressure is simultaneously exerted on it , and that the seal head is designed on its front side in punctiform or strip-shaped partial areas in very low material thickness as predetermined breaking points, which can be broken through by a correspondingly shaped tool with which the seal head can be rotated.
• This configuration of the seal closure according to the invention ensures that the front of the seal head has no possibility of engagement for a tool. Only after breaking through a thin layer of material can a tool engage in the corresponding depressions covered by the layer of material and unscrew the main target breaking point of the seal head. This is already an attempt to open with a. Tool recognizable. Due to the recessed arrangement of the seal head. The front of the housing can be prevented from causing excessive frictional forces which are exerted on the seal head without special tools, for example with the fingertip. In addition, axial projections or depressions, such as corrugation or the like, attached to the rear of the seal head and a complementary design of the mating surface of the housing prevent the seal head from being rotated when pressure is exerted on it from the front.
• a further improvement of this seal design is, according to the invention, that the seal head has further predetermined breaking points, which are arranged around the subsequent seal shaft and are selected in the material thickness such that when attempting to pull the device violently by pulling on the front part of the housing open, do not tear in the main breaking point intended for normal opening in the course of the seal stem, but tear in the other predetermined breaking points on the seal head, as a result of which the attempted intervention becomes visible.
• the practical handling of the heating cost distributor is also to be improved.
• you can put the device together by placing the front part of the housing on the back part of the housing.
• the final closure takes place by inserting the seal into the corresponding recess in the front part of the housing.
• This last process is difficult if the heat cost allocator is installed in a place that is difficult to access.
• the seal can already be used with the front part of the housing removed and then only the front part of the housing, including the lead seal, has to be placed on the rear part of the housing for final closure.
• this is achieved in that the seal has hooks in the course of its shaft, which spread out when the seal is pushed through the front part of the housing on the rear side and thereby hold the seal in the front part of the housing even when the device is open, where ⁇ by locking the device both by inserting the seal when the front part of the housing is closed and by inserting the seal in the open front part of the housing and then pressing it on the back part, place the shaft between these hooks and the seal head when the device is opened by unscrewing the seal head, the connection of the seal to the front part of the housing is released at the same time.
• this object is essentially achieved in that the space between the scale and the front edge of the ampoule is filled with light-refractive, transparent material, thereby deflecting the light rays towards the horizontal.
• This feature of the invention is therefore practically that to reduce the parallax between the scale and the center of the meniscus of the liquid surface to be read, the transparent window is made with a greatly increased material thickness, whereby obliquely incident light rays are refracted in a more horizontal direction.
• the parallax error can be avoided if it is ensured that the reader can use appropriate aids to recognize whether the liquid level to be read is exactly at eye level.
• the transparent window is t, in particular in the form of a groove through which obliquely passing light rays to the viewer in the two different thickness areas against each other ver ⁇ appear pushed. Only when the light enters horizontally do the light rays run in the same plane in the two material thickness ranges. If the reader deviates from this position, then the liquid level in the two material thickness ranges appears to be shifted towards one another in terms of height.
• a further solution to the above object consists in that, in order to completely prevent the parallax error, the same sequence of horizontally running lines is applied at the same height both on the front and on the back of the transparent window, in particular in the same arrangement as the scale lines which are present anyway and on the front in their extension, whereby the horizontal course of the light rays can be recognized by the mutual overlap of the lines on the front and back.
• the heat cost allocator can also be designed in such a way that very thin, opaque layers are embedded in the horizontal plane in the glass-clear material of the vertically extending window over its cross-section, which layers are embedded in the horizontal plane. Entire vertical height of the window follow one another at very short intervals, so that a view through the window is only possible in a horizontal or slightly different direction, but not at a greater oblique angle.
• the paralax error cannot be completely avoided, but it can be kept within very narrow limits. If these limits are exceeded, a reading is impossible at all, since one can only look through the spaces between the thin, horizontal, opaque layers in a very narrow area around the horizontal.
• Another problem with the reading of heat cost allocators is that the meniscus of the liquid level is only weakly visible and is therefore difficult to see. This leads to uncertainties and inaccurate readings or complete incorrect readings.
• this solution according to the invention consists in the fact that the heat cost allocator contains an optical device to improve the readability of the liquid meniscus of an evaporation liquid contained in an ampoule, through which the light rays of a light source attached to the outside of the device are guided so that they pass through the floor pass through the ampoule, cannot escape due to total reflection in the course of the ampoule and are reflected on the downwardly curved meniscus of the liquid surface, so that this appears to the viewer as a brightly glowing line.
• the reader has the possibility, e.g. use a flashlight to effectively illuminate the liquid level from the outside of the device, in a precisely defined manner that is the same for each device.
• the optical device consists of a body made of crystal-clear material in the form of a totally reflecting prism, into which the light rays enter from the front and in which they are deflected upwards on the reflection surface the outlet surface is below the ampoule bottom.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the prism according to the invention consists in the fact that the optical device has a flat light entry surface that is flush with the front of the housing, that the reflection surface is curved to bundle or scatter the light rays, and that the light exit surface is shaped to interact with the curvature of the ampoule base . Contamination or scratching is prevented by the flat front surface of the prism, and the curved glass surface required to disperse or bundle the light beam is placed in the reflection surface, the shape of the light exit surface advantageously interacting with the curvature of the ampoule base , ie is shaped according to the curvature of the ampoule base, so that the light enters the interior of the ampoule in the desired direction.
• the feature of the invention in this regard is that a device is attached to the inside of the front part of the housing which reacts to an artificial increase in the air humidity inside the housing beyond a certain limit value with a clearly visible change. Manipulation attempts can be made recognizable by wrapping the device with damp cloths.
• the device consists of a defined arrangement of dry hygroscopic salts which, when a certain high air moisture level is exceeded, flow through water absorption and thereby undergo an irreversible change in their spatial arrangement.
• a response can be achieved well below 100% even at defined air humidity values.
• values close to 100% relative air humidity can be achieved on the inside of the front part of the housing, as a result of which water in the form of drops condenses on the inside of the housing. These water droplets also penetrate an absorbent material and dissolve a dye applied there.
• a simple and expedient embodiment consists, for example, in that a dark color dot is printed on the back of a small plate made of, for example, light blotting paper, and this plate is fastened to the inside of the front part of the housing with a double-sided self-adhesive film. As soon as water is deposited at this point due to the manipulation, the blotting paper turns dark due to the dissolved color.
• the present invention is also based on the object of making it possible, by means of additional devices for a conventional heat cost allocator, to make an extremely precise semi-automatic or fully automatic reading which is independent of human weaknesses and which can be used for digital display, receipt printing, storage and automatic further processing .
• an additional scale is provided on the front of the housing to supplement the usual scales, which is suitable for machine scanning.
• a possible, advantageous embodiment is that a regular sequence of elevations or depressions on the front side of the housing is tapped by a reading device.
• the elevations or depressions can e.g. are scanned mechanically by a sensing element, in particular by a gear, a pawl or a resilient lever.
• a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the scale consists of a vertical, regular fdge of closely spaced alternating light and dark points which can be picked up optically or photoelectrically.
• the division of the scale does not have to be linear, but it can correspond to the non-linear characteristic of the consumption scale of the heat cost allocator. This can save an otherwise later stage in the conversion of the measured values.
• scale, device or other identification numbers are to be represented by an arrangement corresponding to the scale in their design, which can be detected by a reading device t.
• a number which is expediently to be detected during the reading can also be represented on the front of the housing, e.g. in the form of a pattern of light and dark dots.
• An associated reading device works semi-automatically according to the invention, wherein it has an optical device with which the reader can observe both the scale and the liquid column without parallax at an adjustable angle, with the reading device being used to scan the scale by moving along the scale, and wherein the reader first sets the reading device to the zero point of the scale and then to the liquid level and in each of these two positions a manual command, for example by pressing a button, whereby the respective position on the scale is stored in the scanning device, whereupon the lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale is then displayed digitally.
• the reader therefore places the reading device on the front of the heat cost allocator and moves it from top to bottom over the entire area of the scale which is assigned to the readable area of the scale.
• the reading device must use an optical device built into the reading device and which includes the switching off of the parallax error, both the liquid column and be able to observe at least the zero point of the scale, as described above.
• the optical device according to the invention has mirrors or prisms which deflect the light rays in such a way that the view can also take place at an angle.
• the design can then be designed according to the invention in such a way that the reader can see through a movable eyepiece, for example from obliquely above, from obliquely below or from lateral directions. This allows him to work comfortably even in hard-to-reach places.
• the reader must manually set the reader t first to the zero point of the scale and then to the actual liquid level, and in each case by a manual command, for example by pressing a button, the measuring , Trigger display and save process.
• a fully automatic reading device t eliminates the need for the reader to cooperate in this way.
• This device is designed according to the invention in such a way that it recognizes both the zero point of the scale and photoelectrically the liquid level and automatically determines and digitally displays the lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale from the associated positions on the scale.
• the reader no longer has to observe the heat cost allocator by means of an optical device, but instead he only places the meter on the front of the heat cost allocator and moves it along the scale from top to bottom.
• the device automatically recognizes both the zero point of the scale and the liquid level, and at the same time it determines the corresponding points on the scale.
• This reading device is expediently set up, as described, in such a way that it simultaneously reads a scale number attached to the device. It is then possible, even though all heat cost allocators have the same scale division, to display the values in the differently divided consumption scales because the device can also automatically multiply the values with the scale by automatically registering the scale number.
• a further development of the invention consists in that the reading device contains a safety device which, to prevent incorrect readings, checks whether the reading device has scanned the entire length of the scale and whether it has done so at the correct speed , otherwise an error message is output.
• the reading device t can only read the liquid level in discrete steps in accordance with the distance between the scanning marks on the scale. According to the invention, it is also possible to recognize intermediate positions by using an arrangement corresponding to a vernier. These intermediate positions can only be recorded in stages, but with a finer division.
• a practically infinitely variable detection of the intermediate positions between the scanning marks on the scale is possible according to the invention in that the detection of intermediate positions between the scanning marks on the scale is carried out by measuring the time, by referring to the speed from the time elapsed between the preceding elements of the scale speed of the scanning process is closed and the distance covered is determined from the time.
• a further processing of the displayed measured values is made possible according to a feature of the invention in that a printer for outputting the determined values is installed in the reading device, that a device for storing the determined values is installed instead or additionally or that these devices are connected to the Reading device can be connected.
• the reading device t can be combined with an optical device of the heat cost allocator, as described above.
• the reading device can contain a light source that radiates light into the heat cost allocator and illuminates the liquid level.
• the scale of the heat cost allocators mentioned at the outset based on the principle of evaporation can be designed as a universal so-called standard scale or as an individual so-called product scale.
• the unit scale is divided and numbered the same for all devices. Since the evaporation of the measuring liquid depends only on its temperature and time, the display on a ' unit scale alone is not a measure of the heat dissipation of the radiator. The values read on the unit scale (so-called line units must be multiplied by evaluation factors during the further processing, at least for the heat transfer from the radiator to the measuring liquid and for the standard heat output of the radiator).
• the determination of the correct product scale should be carried out using the electronic data processing in the heat cost allocator according to a further idea of the invention. This can no longer be done on site, so that the assembly of the heat cost allocator and the determination of the radiator and dimensions and the insertion of the product scale must be carried out in separate work processes. The assembly effort increases considerably because the building in which the assembly takes place has to be approached and walked through twice.
• the heat cost allocator is not yet equipped with a product scale during the first billing period.
• the heat cost allocator must, however, be provided with at least one standard scale.
• the heat cost allocator carries on its front a unit scale that is the same for all devices and that a product scale can also be attached to the front part of the housing when the front part of the housing is placed on the back part of the housing, the product scale completely or partially covered.
• a product scale can also be attached to the front part of the housing when the front part of the housing is placed on the back part of the housing, the product scale completely or partially covered.
• the ampoule can remain in place and it is possible to read off the product scale immediately after inserting it.
• a recess is provided in the front part of the housing which corresponds in shape and dimensions to the product scale.
• the product scale is used in this specialization.
• the unit scale is located on the bottom of the recess, where it is expediently attached directly to the material of the front part of the housing, for example by printing, embossing or in relief.
• this depression has lateral grooves into which the consumption scale can be inserted along its longitudinal direction.
• the grooves are shaped so that the product scale can be inserted from the front of the device. This can be done, for example, by means of small cutouts at the end of the grooves, which merge into the grooves in a rounded manner. At this point, the product scale is attached and pushed into the grooves under elastic bending.
• All versions can be designed so that the product scale locks in such a way that it cannot be removed without destruction or visible damage. This can be achieved, for example, by small projections or hooks on the edge of the depression or simply by a positive fit between the product scale and the depression. With such a latching, a further securing of the product scale against removal or manipulation is no longer necessary.
• the product scale used can be held by the seal head and secured against removal.
• This embodiment can be designed particularly advantageously with the seal described at the beginning.
• the product scale can then be removed after unscrewing the seal head with the device closed, without being damaged or destroyed in the process. It is therefore very easy, without having to intervene in the device itself, to subsequently change the product scale, for example if incorrect scaling has been found. Nevertheless, the product scale is completely secured against manipulation and removal before the seal head is unscrewed.
• the seal described at the beginning is expediently designed such that the seal shaft has very thin projections transverse to its axis, which have the front part of the housing placed on the back of the housing when the seal is inserted after unscrewing the seal head, hold it in such a way that the front part of the housing does not fall off the rear part of the housing by itself, but can only be removed by pulling forward slightly when the projections are sheared off.
• the device remains closed after unscrewing the seal head.
• the product scale can now be used and the reading carried out.
• the compound prepared by the protrusions is released to the housing rear part 'only by pulling the front housing part, wherein the projections are sheared.
• the front part of the housing does not fall off by itself, but must be deliberately removed by the reader
• a light-reflecting surface is arranged in the heat cost allocator behind the ampoule with the measuring liquid in the entire height used for the measurement, so that the viewer sees the mirror image when the viewing direction deviates from the horizontal above or below the - possibly luminous - liquid surface . Only when the reader looks exactly horizontally, i.e. vertically on the device, scale and ampoule, does the liquid surface coincide with its reflection, so that it appears as a line. In all other positions, the reader sees a double line, which indicates that the line of sight is wrong.
• the recess for the ampoule in the rear part of the housing which is mentioned at the outset and which must be present in every heating cost allocator is expediently used as the light-reflecting surface.
• the light-reflecting surface By appropriate surface design of the bottom of this depression, it can be achieved that the incident light is reflected. If the back of the housing is made of metal, this surface design can very easily take place during manufacture by pulling, grinding or polishing the metal or similar processing operations. Regardless of the type of material used, the light reflection can be achieved by covering the recess with a reflective material, for example, a glossy or reflective film.
• an improvement in the reflective effect can be achieved if the reflecting surface is curved or kinked.
• the reflecting surface is curved or kinked.
• a concentration of the reflecting rays and thus an increase in their brightness can be achieved.
• the object of the invention serves an embodiment of the spring according to the invention, which presses the ampoule with the measuring liquid against an upper stop.
• This spring must be attached in such a way that it acts on the curved bottom of the ampoule and exerts an upward force on the ampoule.
• the spring also has the task of pushing the ampoule backwards away from the housing front part against the housing back part so that the ampoule lies in the recess of the housing back part with good thermal contact.
• This spring can be designed particularly simply and inexpensively as a leaf spring, the part of which rests against the ampoule base is formed by a cutout (for example a punched-out portion) which is shaped in such a way that - in cooperation with the curvature of the ampoule base - an additional force pone ⁇ te is applied transversely to the spring force acting in the direction of the axis of the ampoule on the ampoule. While the actual spring force of the leaf spring ensures that the ampoule is pressed against the upper stop and the leaf spring is more or less bent depending on the length of the ampoule, which varies within a certain tolerance, the transverse force presses the ampoule into the recess in the rear part of the housing.
• a cutout for example a punched-out portion
• the cutout essentially has the shape of a triangle, in which one corner and the opposite side can be replaced by circular sections with different radii which merge tangentially into the other two sides of the triangle.
• the cutout is therefore approximately egg-shaped and has a maximum width that is smaller than the diameter of the ampoule. Due to the upward main spring force of the leaf spring, the curved bottom of the ampoule slides from the point of the smallest width to the greatest width (from the tip to the blunt end of the egg-shaped cutout). This creates the lateral force.
• the object of the invention to enable an extremely accurate reading, independent of human weaknesses, is also achieved by another device which uses a semi or fully automatic reading with the aid of a 1 3
• this additional device consists of markings which are attached to the front of the housing and are designed in such a way that the reading device can derive unambiguous information from which point on the scale the scanning takes place. Because the marking gives direct information about its position on the scale or in relation to the scale, it is not necessary to scan the entire length of the scale with the reading device t, as is necessary with a scale starting at from the zero point, successively equivalent elements must be scanned and counted.
• the Able ⁇ segerat only needs to be set correctly at the height of the liquid level in the best case, and it can then by a single registration of the marking located in the associated height, the position of the scale at which the liquid level is located , are determined.
• the markings are expediently formed by arrangements of light and dark dots which are arranged next to or on top of one another and. which are optically or photoelectrically scanned in parallel or in series.
• the light-dark pattern represents coded information about its position on the scale.
• the markings are formed by a continuous arrangement. whose dimensions or other properties can be recognized, at which point on the scale the scanning takes place.
• an elongated, dark bar on a light background can be attached to the front of the housing, the width of which clearly changes over the course of the scale.
• the bar width which can be tapped photoelectrically, is a measure of the position of the scanning process on the scale.
• the dark bar there may also be a raised or recessed contour, which is mechanically sensed in a corresponding manner.
• the heat cost allocator can also be provided with brackets that hold a second ampoule. This has the advantage that, at the end of a billing period, the used ampoule with the partially evaporated measuring liquid can be kept in the heat cost allocator for comparison purposes and to preserve evidence.
• this second ampoule Since this second ampoule is no longer in operation and should no longer evaporate, it must be closed as tightly as possible with a stopper. For this purpose, it is necessary that the sealing plug is pressed into the ampoule opening under pressure. However, since the length of the ampoule varies somewhat due to unavoidable tolerances, a spring element must also be present, which ensures both length compensation and pressure.
• these various functions can be combined in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner in a single structural element, in that the second ampoule is clamped between two fixed stops with the aid of an elastic sealing plug which is shaped in such a way that it simultaneously exerts pressure on the ampoule opening and absorbs the length tolerances of the ampoule.
• Fig. 1 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator according to the invention
• Fig. 2 represents one. Longitudinal section through the heat cost allocator according to Figure 1, from which the individual components can be seen.
• Fig. 3 shows the front view and a section through the seal
• FIG. 5 schematically shows a window with different material thicknesses and the different beam path caused thereby in the case of oblique light incidence
• Fig. 6 shows schematically the arrangement of lines on the front and back of the window
• Fig. 9 shows schematically a section through a manipulation indicator, consisting of the two layers of blotting paper and the adhesive, between which there is a color dot;
• Fig. 10 shows a front view and section of the arrangement of a row of teeth on the front of the heat cost allocator and a movable optics; 11 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with the dot rows of a scale and a scale number;
• FIG. 12 shows in cross section the arrangement of an illumination device and the scanning of the liquid level by a photo sensor of a reading device
• FIG. 13 shows a front view and a partially cut-away side view of a heat cost allocator with a unit scale and a product scale that can be inserted into a recess in the front part of the housing;
• FIG. 14 shows a front view, a partially cut-away side view and a partial cross section of a heat cost allocator with a unit scale and a recess in the front part of the housing with lateral grooves into which a product scale can be inserted obliquely from below from the front of the device;
• FIG. 16 shows a section of a heat cost allocator with a seal, the head of which is turned off and the shaft of which has projections which hold the front part of the housing and the rear part of the housing together;
• FIG. 18 shows two cross sections through the back of the housing with depressions and inserted ampoule, one of the depressions being shown as a flat surface and the other as a curved, light-reflecting surface;
• 19 schematically shows an ampoule with measuring liquid which is pressed against an upper stop by a leaf spring, a transverse force being generated; 20 shows, in two sections and a top view, a leaf spring with a cutout and illustrates the forces acting on the ampoule;
• FIG. 21 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with point markings which can be decoded by a reading device
• FIG. 22 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with a dark bar on a light background, the width of which decreases over the course of the scale and which can be decoded by a reading device;
• FIG. 23 shows a section of a second ampoule in two positions, which is clamped between two fixed stops with the aid of an elastic sealing plug.
• Heat cost allocator an elongated back part 1 made of good heat-conducting material and an elongated front part 2, in which an elongated cutout 3 is provided.
• the back of the housing 1 is for
• the connection between the housing rear part 1 and the housing front part 2 takes place, on the one hand, through a projection 11 of the housing rear part 1, which protrudes into a lower recess 10 of the housing front part 2, and, on the other hand, through a projection above the ampoule 6 located area of the heat cost allocator seal 12, the more precise design of which is shown in FIG. 3.
• a prism 13 is fixedly arranged in the front housing part 2, the flat front surface 14 of which is flush with the front surface of the front housing part 2.
• a reflection surface -15 of the prism 11 which is inclined with respect to the front surface 14 is arranged below the round ampoule base 16 in such a way that light entering the front surface 14 is deflected into the ampoule 6 by total reflection at the reflection surface 15 and at the liquid level or meniscus 17 of the evaporation liquid 7 is reflected.
• the seal 12 is recessed in a recess 18 of the front housing part 2 and has an essentially cylindrical seal head 19 and an essentially cylindrical shaft 20 extending from the seal head 19, the diameter of which near the seal head 19 for formation a main target breaking point 21 is significantly reduced.
• the end region of the seal shaft 20 facing away from the seal head 19 is designed in the form of two axially extending, radially elastic hooks 22, the radial locking areas 23 of which in the closed state of the heat cost allocator shown in FIG Fig. 3 only schematically shown counter anchor element 24 are non-releasably locked.
• the flat and completely smooth front side 25 of the seal head 19 is flush with the front side 26 of the front housing part 2, while the rear side 28 of the seal head 19, which rests against a counter surface 27 of the recess 18 parallel to the front side 25, has small axial projections 29, which engage in correspondingly shaped recesses 30 of the counter surface 27.
• the hooks 22 are also provided with further small radial hooks 31 which are axially opposite the rear side 32 of the front housing part 26 2 axially support, so that the seal 12 is axially immovably fixed in the front housing part 2.
• the transition area between the seal shaft 20 and the seal head 19 is designed as a further predetermined breaking point 33, in that the material thickness is dimensioned such that the further predetermined breaking point 33 surrounding the seal shaft 20 in the area of the seal head 19 breaks under axial load, while the main breaking point 21 remains intact.
• a slot-shaped recess 34 of the seal head 19 is closed by a predetermined breaking point 35 of low material thickness to the front 25 of the seal head 19.
• the strip-shaped predetermined breaking point 35 covering the slot-shaped recess 34 can be easily pierced by a screwdriver 36, whereupon the screwdriver 36 engages in the slot-shaped recess 34 and can be rotated to turn off the main target breaking point 21. If a differently shaped tool is used instead of the screwdriver 36, for example a key 37 with two
• the further predetermined breaking points 33 on the seal head 19 tear, as a result of which any unauthorized attempt at opening ds Heat cost allocator becomes visible.
• the window 4 shows a cross section of the window 4 arranged in front of the ampoule 6, which is made with such a greatly increased material thickness that the beam path 39 outside the window 4, which has an angle of incidence which is very oblique with respect to the horizontal, has a considerably smaller inside the window 4 Inclination to the horizontal maintains. Even in the case of a direction of observation which deviates greatly from the horizontal, the light deflection directed towards the horizontal within the window 4 therefore reduces the Parallax error in reading the meniscus 17 of the liquid surface.
• FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the window 4 shown in FIG. 5, the upper part of FIG.
• FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the window 4 along the longitudinal axis of the elongated cutout 3 and the lower illustration of FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the window 4 perpendicular thereto, has two material thicknesses which are substantially different from one another parallel to the longitudinal direction of the window 4 on, which are caused by a longitudinal groove 40 in the window 4.
• the beam path 39 shown in FIG. 5 shows that at 'right inclined viewing direction in the two different material thicknesses for the observer a noticeable mutual displacement of the beams' 39' against the Vah and 39 "occurs, whereby a paral- appears laxentation.er .
• the same sequence of horizontal lines 41 is arranged congruently with one another on the front and rear of the window 4, so that an observer can recognize a parallax-free reading by the fact that the lines 41 on the front and cover the back of each.
• thin opaque layers 42 are embedded in its crystal-clear material in horizontal cross-sectional planes, the
• Layers 42 are arranged in the vertical longitudinal direction of the window 4 at a small mutual distance from one another.
• the window 4 is only transparent in a very small angular range around the horizontal, so that a parallax-free reading takes place.
• the prism 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with regard to its positional arrangement in the heat cost allocator is shown in a special embodiment in FIG. 8.
• the light rays radiated through the flat front light entry surface 14 from the outside of the heat cost allocator are totally reflected on the reflection surface 15 of the prism 13, which is arched in FIG. 8 to achieve a focusing effect, as a result of which the optical axis of the beam path is 90 ° is angled.
• the light exit surface 43 of the prism 13 is also curved depending on the curvature of the ampoule base 16, as a result of which the angle of entry of the light rays into the ampoule 6 can be set to a desired value.
• the light bundled and deflected by the prism 13 passes through the evaporation liquid 7 in the ampoule 6 axially, ie vertically upwards, without emerging laterally from the ampoule 6.
• a reflection phenomenon thus occurs on the meniscus 17 of the evaporation liquid 7, through which the observer can perceive the meniscus 17 as a brightly lit line.
• a blotting paper layer 44 is arranged on the rear side 32 of the housing front part 2 by means of an adhesive layer 45.
• a water-soluble color point 46 is located between the two layers 44, 45. If the air humidity in the heat cost allocator rises above a certain value, the color point 46 dissolves and the shape change associated therewith becomes visible on the blotting paper layer 44, as a result of which Counterfeiting, which is associated with an excessive increase in air humidity, can be detected.
• Fig. 10 is one on the heat cost allocator - [_ shown auf labdes Ablesegerat, wherein the left-hand illustration of Figure 10 is a front plan view and the right view shows a partially sectioned view 10.
• the reading device has an adapter 50 shaped in accordance with the front part 2 of the housing and a housing 51 arranged thereon in the longitudinal direction.
• Recess 53 engages with a gear 54 mounted in the housing 51, which gear either directly or via an intermediate
• • j c gear is connected to a mechanical counter, not shown.
• the housing 51 of the reading device is used for reading
• the counter coupled to the gear 54 is set to its zero value, for example by actuating a reset button.
• the housing 51 is then moved downwards by a subsequent scanning movement until the eyepiece 56 grasps the meniscus 17.
• the gear wheel 54 rotates about one along the scale 52 -. distance traveled corresponding angular rotation, whereby a corresponding count value accumulates in the counter, which is locked in by pressing another button. This count appears to the reader in a reading window 57 of the housing 51 shown in FIG. 10.
• a reading number 57 also shows a scale number, namely the number "30", which represents a code value for a radiator-specific factor by which the value obtained by scanning the scale 52 is multiplied to form the final heat consumption value got to.
• this scale number is also arranged on the front part 2 of the housing in a scannable form, the sample value being obtainable in the same way as the value obtained by scanning the scale 52 .
• the counter provided in the housing 51 can be provided with an electronic or mechanical multiplication device which automatically carries out the required multiplication by the scale number, so that the finished end value appears immediately in the reading window 57.
• the scale 52 here is a regular one. Sequence of closely following, alternating light and dark areas is formed. A scale number 58 is also coded on the front housing part 2 in the same way.
• the scale 52 shown in FIG. 11 and the scale number 58 are scanned fully automatically in accordance with the embodiment of the reading device shown in FIG. 12 by photoelectric means.
• the embodiment of the reading device shown in FIG. 12 differs from that in FIG. 10 shown semi-automatic embodiment.
• a photosensor arrangement 59 focused on the ampoule 6 and also on the scale 52 and the scale number 58 is provided, through which both the scanning takes place and the meniscus 17 is detected .
• the housing 51 is initially moved to the upper fill mark at the beginning of the scanning movement, which is achieved by the photosensor arrangement
• an electronic counter (not shown) is reset.
• the counter is incremented by the scanning signal of the scale 52 provided by the photosensor arrangement 59 and, after the meniscus 17 has been detected, is locked by the photosensor arrangement 59 to the instantaneous count value then detected. Since the scale number 58 was also scanned by the photosensor arrangement 59 at the start of the scanning movement, the scale number is also available at the end of the scanning movement, so that an electronic evaluation logic and the final heat consumption value obtained by multiplication on a visual display, such as a digital one LED display can be supplies.
• an illuminating device 60 is provided in the adapter 50, the light exit point of which, when the adapter 50 is placed on the front part 2 of the housing, coincides precisely with the light entry surface 14 of the prism 13, so that the radiation emitted by the illuminating device 60 Light in the manner explained in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 8 for illuminating the meniscus 17 becomes effective.
• a battery for supplying energy to the lighting device 60 can also be arranged within the adapter 50.
• the heat cost allocator in FIG. 13 has a recess 61 on its front side which is delimited by a peripheral edge 62. Inside this recess, in addition to the transparent window 4, through which the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 can be seen, there is a standard scale 63.
• the inside dimension of the recess 61 corresponds exactly to the outside dimension of a product scale 64 shown next to it, so that it is shaped ⁇ can be inserted conclusively from the front into the recess 61, the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 still remaining visible, but the unit scale 63 is covered by the product scale 64.
• a linearly arranged control scale 65 is indicated on the left side of the window 4.
• the recess 61 in the front part 2 of the heat cost allocator is additionally provided with side grooves 66 which are open in the plane of the recess 61 and which are each open to the front in a short piece 67 at the lower end of the recess 61.
• the thin product scale 64 can be inserted obliquely upwards from the front side with elastic bending. After insertion, the product scale 64 ends exactly at the bottom of the recess 61.
• FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of the seal 12, which has additional radial projections 71 in the course of its shaft 20 on the side facing away from the seal head 19, beyond the main predetermined breaking parts 21, which engage with the front housing part 2.
• the additional projections 71 are sheared off.
• the floor is formed as a flat surface, in the right as a curved surface.
• FIG. 19 shows how the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 is mounted between a leaf spring 73 and a fixed upper stop 74.
• the leaf spring is pivoted with its holder through 90 ° into the plane of the drawing.
• 75 is the main spring force and 76 is the transverse force generated by a recess 77 receiving the ampoule base 16.
• FIG. 20 shows how the shape of the recess 77 in the leaf spring 73 creates the transverse force 76, by means of which the ampoule 6 is pressed against the rear part 1 of the housing.
• a decodable marking 78 is arranged on the front side 26 of the housing There is a pattern of dark spots on a light background and extends over the entire length of the ampoule 6 or the window 4.
• the code content of this pattern clearly corresponds to a position coordinate value along the ampoule 6, so that it is sufficient to scan only a small area around the location of the meniscus 17 with the scanning device and to determine the position coordinate value resulting from the markings scanned there.
• the scale number likewise indicated by a decodable marking 79 on the front side 26, can be scanned and decoded, as a result of which the logical device of the scanning device, after multiplying the value corresponding to the scale number by the position coordinate value, directly forms the final consumption value.
• the position coordinate value is uniquely determined by a line of points 78 in relation to the points of the line above and below it
• the decodable marking is by a continuous dark bar 80 formed, the horizontal width increases along its vertical height extending parallel to the ampoule 6 from bottom to top. This horizontal width is scanned by the reading device and decoded to determine the position coordinate value.
• the non-linear change in width which is expressed by the curved profile of the side edges of the dark bar 80, results in a non-linear scale division.
• FIG. 23 The principle of an elastic closure plug 81 is indicated in FIG. 23. On the left is the shortest and on the right the longest ampoule 6 which can occur.
• the distance T is the bandwidth which is given by the length tolerance of the ampoule 6. Characterized in that a resilient area 82 of the ' plug 81 more or is less compressed, creates a force that ensures a tight seal. Although the upper stop 83 and the lower stop 84 are rigid, length compensation is nevertheless possible.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
• Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)

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ID=6265578

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Citations (8)

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• 1985
  • 1985-03-18 DE DE19853509728 patent/DE3509728A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1986
  • 1986-03-17 DE DE19863690114 patent/DE3690114C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-17 EP EP19860902806 patent/EP0250440A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-03-17 WO PCT/EP1986/000149 patent/WO1986005585A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (8)

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