Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
  • A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
  • C07D217/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
  • C07D217/18—Aralkyl radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
  • C07D217/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
  • C07D217/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
  • C07D217/26—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• Diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, increased glucose production and a decrease in the levels of insulin secretion.
• levels of glucose in the serum are elevated.
• serum glucose levels are raised for a longer period of time after ingestion of meals, and return to normal at a reduced rate.
• the consequences of increased glucose levels are well known, although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomenon have not yet been clearly defined. Free fatty acids, triglycerides and other factors can also directly lead to increased levels of glucose.
• the hexosamine pathway has been linked as one of the biochemical pathways that can contribute to insulin resistance, increased glucose production, and decreased insulin secretion.
• the hexosamine pathway is involved the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc. Glucose is sequentially converted to fructose-6-phosphate, glucosamine-6-phosphate, and eventually converted to UDP-GlcNAc. Once UDP-GlcNAc is synthesized, it is incorporated into a variety of glyco-containing macromolecules, many of which are key cellular components.
• UDP-GlcNAc is a substrate for the enzyme OGT, O-linked GlcNAc transferase, that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc residues to various proteins in the cell, including cytoplasmic proteins, nuclear proteins, membrane proteins, and transcription factors. In so doing, the activity of these proteins can be significantly modulated.
• the rate limiting enzyme in this pathway is glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), which catalyzes the amido transfer and isomerization of fructose-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate.
• GFAT glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase
• GFAT has been implicated in the development of diabetic symptoms, as GFAT transgenic mice are insulin resistant.
• the biochemical pathways that lead to insulin resistance include activation of PKC, alteration of membrane components, altered transcriptional activity, as well as other biochemical mechanisms that remain to be elucidated.
• GFAT levels are elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in rodent T2DM models.
• GFAT transgenic mice (muscle, liver, adipose and pancreas specific) are both insulin resistant and hyperinsulinemic.
• Glucosamine and products of the hexosamine pathway cause insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose output and decreased insulin secretion.
• GFAT may play a role in T2DM kidney complications.
• GFAT is the rate limiting enzyme in the hexosamine pathway, and decreasing GFAT enzymatic activity should result in glucose lowering and be beneficial in treating diabetes.
• GFAT inhibitors are substrate-like or non-substrate-like and are believed to inhibit by either reversible or irreversible (covalent) mechanisms.
• the two subtrates of GFAT are the saccharide, fructose-6-phosphate, and the amino acid, glutamine.
• Fructose-6-phosphate-like inhibitors include: N-iodoacetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (S. L. Bearne, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 3052–3057 (1996)), and 2-amino-2-deoxyglucitol-6-phosphate (M.-A. Badet-Denisot, C. Leriche, F. Massiere, and B. Badet, Bioorg.
• Glutamine-like or glutamine-based inhibitors include: glutamate- ⁇ -semialdehyde (S. L. Bearne and R. Wolfenden, Biochem., 34, 11515–11520 (1995)), L- ⁇ -glutamyl-2-[((p-difluoromethyl)phenyl)thio]-glycine (F. Massiere, M.-A. Badet-Denisot, L. Rene, and B. Badet, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 119, 5748–5749 (1997)), anticapsin (H. Chmara, J. Gen.
• Papaveraldine (CA Index Name: Methanone (6,7-dimethoxy-1-isoquinolinyl) (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-(9C1)) exhibits properties which implicate potential usefulness in the treatment of heart disease. (Anselmi, Elsa, et al., “Selective inhibition of calcium entry induced by benzylisoquinolines in rat smooth muscle”, J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
• the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
• Compounds of the present invention are GFAT inhibitors which may be used to treat type II diabetes.
• the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
• Compounds of the present invention are GFAT inhibitors which may be used to treat type II diabetes.
• R 4 is -lower alkoxy, —O—C(R 7 R 8 )C( ⁇ O)R 19 , -halo, —SCH 3 , —C ⁇ CHC( ⁇ O)—R 10 , —CH 2 CH 2 C( ⁇ O)—R 10 , —O-lower alcohol, —OCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 N ⁇ N + N ⁇ , —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 Cl, —NHC( ⁇ O)CH 2 —R 10 , —NHC( ⁇ O)CH 2 -lower alkyl, —O(CH 2 ) n -cycloalkyl, —O-lower alkene, or a 5 membered unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one hetero atom which is S or O.
• R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each —H, then preferably R 1 and R 2 are each —CH 3 . Also when R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each —H, then preferably, R 3 is —COOH.
• Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic, partially or completely saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
• Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• halogen and the term “halo” or “hetero atom”, unless otherwise stated, designate all four halogens, i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• “Lower alkyl” includes both straight chain and branched chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Typical lower alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 2-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• Lower alkoxy means a group of the formula —O-lower alkyl, in which the term “lower alkyl” has the previously given significance.
• Typical lower alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec. butoxy, and tert.butoxy.
• “Lower alcohol” means a -lower alkyl where at least one of the hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy, at any site including the end.
• Typical lower alcohol groups include ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol.
• “Lower alkene” means a -lower alkyl having at least 3C atoms, where at least one of the bonds between two carbon atoms starting from at least the second carbon of the -lower alkyl has a double bond and at least one H atom on each of these C's is not present.
• the lower alkene is thus at least partially unsaturated.
• Typical lower alkenes include 2-propene, 3-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene.
• Aryl signifies a phenyl group. Where indicated herein, aryl may be substituted in one or more positions with a designated substituent or substituents.
• IC 50 refers to the concentration of a particular compound of the present invention required to inhibit 50% of in vitro GFAT activity measured as indicated herein.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to conventional acid-addition salts or base-addition salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of formula I and are formed from suitable non-toxic organic or inorganic acids or organic or inorganic bases.
• Sample acid-addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and those derived from organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and the like.
• Sample base-addition salts include those derived from ammonium, potassium, sodium and, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, such as for example, tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
• the chemical modification of a pharmaceutical compound (i.e. drug) into a salt is a well known technique which is used in attempting to improve properties involving physical or chemical stability, e.g., hygroscopicity, flowability or solubility of compounds. See, e.g., H. Ansel et. al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (6th Ed. 1995) at pp. 196 and 1456–1457.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable,” such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, etc., means pharmacologically acceptable and substantially non-toxic to the subject to whom the particular compound is administered.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable ester” refers to a conventionally esterified compound of formula I having a carboxyl group, which esters retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of formula I and are cleaved in vivo (in the organism) to the corresponding active carboxylic acid.
• esters may be present, for example, where R 3 is —COOH or -lower alkyl-COOH, where R 1 is —CH 2 COOH, or where R 4 is —O—C(R 7 R 8 )C( ⁇ O)R 19 and R 19 is —OH.
• ester groups which are cleaved (in this case hydrolyzed) in vivo to the corresponding carboxylic acids are those in which the cleaved hydrogen is replaced with -lower alkyl which is optionally substituted with heterocycle, cycloalkyl, etc.
• substituted lower alkyl esters are those in which -lower alkyl is substituted with pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, N-methylpiperazine, etc.
• R 18 is an unsaturated 5 membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring containing from 2 to 4 hetero atoms which are each N, wherein the substituted ring is the heterocyclic ring which is substituted at a ring N with -lower alkyl or -lower alcohol, and n is 0. More preferably, R 18 is tetrazole or substituted tetrazole.
• R 19 is —NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 and n is 1.
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• compositions can be administered orally, for example in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard or soft gelatin capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions. They can also be administered rectally, for example, in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, for example, in the form of injection solutions.
• compositions of the present invention comprising compounds of formula I, and/or the salts or esters thereof, may be manufactured in a manner that is known in the art, e.g by means of conventional mixing, encapsulating, dissolving, granulating, emulsifying, entrapping, dragee-making, or lyophilizing processes.
• These pharmaceutical preparations can be formulated with therapeutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts can be used as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatin capsules.
• Suitable carriers for soft gelatin capsules include vegetable oils, waxes and fats.
• Suitable carriers for the manufacture of solutions and syrups are water, polyols, saccharose, invert sugar and glucose.
• Suitable carriers for injection are water, alcohols, polyols, glycerine, vegetable oils, phospholipids and surfactants.
• Suitable carriers for suppositories are natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats and semi-liquid polyols.
• the pharmaceutical preparations can also contain preserving agents, solubilizing agents, stabilizing agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, sweetening agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, coating agents or antioxidants. They can also contain other therapeutically valuable substances, including additional active ingredients other than those of formula I.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful as medicaments for the treatment of type II diabetes. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is within the skill in the art.
• the therapeutically effective amount or dosage of a compound according to this invention can vary within wide limits and may be determined in a manner known in the art. Such dosage will be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case including the specific compound(s) being administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, as well as the patient being treated. In general, in the case of oral or parenteral administration to adult humans weighing approximately 70 Kg, a daily dosage of about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg per day should be appropriate, although the upper limit may be exceeded when indicated. The daily dosage can be administered as a single dose or in divided doses, or for parenteral administration, it may be given as continuous infusion.
• Isoquinoline analogs were generally prepared by either of three routes.
• Classic Bischler-Napieralski (as in Scheme 1a through Scheme 31, Scheme 37 and 45) or a modification of Pomeranz-Fritsch chemistry (as in Scheme 32 through 35) were used to prepare R 4 /C-ring or R 1 ,R 2 /C-ring analogs, respectively.
• N,N′-Dimethyl-imidazolium catalyzed acylation of 1-bromo-isoquinolines was used to prepare a variety of C-ring (aroyl) analogs.
• Starting materials may be obtained from commercial sources or prepared from information provided.
• Example 58–61 are synthetic intermediates.
• the 1-(3-carboxymethoxybenzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (119 mg, 0.23 mmol) was suspended in 8 ml of methylene chloride containing 10 equivalent of N-methylpiperizine, 1.1 equivalent of HBTU and 4.0 equivalent of triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then evaporated to remove solvents. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried and solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 4 ml of methanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide was added (0.5N, 1 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight until all starting material disappeared.
• the 1-(3-methoxybenzoyl)-4-cyanomethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (58 mg, 0.16 mmol) was suspended in a mixture of 2 ml of ethanol and 2 ml of water. To this solution was added sodium hydroxide (51 mg, 1.27 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 3 hrs and TLC showed complete disappearance of the starting material. The mixture was purified by a reverase phase preparative HPLC to give two fractions. The fraction with a later retention time is the desired compound [6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-methoxy-benzoyl)-isoquinolin-4-yl]-acetic acid (16.6 mg). ES-MS calculated for C 21 H 19 NO 5 (m/e) 381.40, observed 382.4 (M+1).
• 1-(3-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (159 mg, 0.417 mmol, the intermediate in the preparation of [6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-methoxy-benzoyl)-isoquinolin-4-yl]-acetic acid) (Example 7) was dissolved into 4 ml of acetic acid. Then selenium dioxide (69.5 mg, 1.50 eq) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 20 minutes and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was suspended into ethyl acetate and the mixture was passed through a layer of silica gel.
• This oil (10.2 g) was dissolved in 100 ml of methylene chloride. The solution was cooled in an ice bath and then phosphorus pentachloride (10.0 g, 47.96 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then poured into ice. The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with concentrated sodium bicarbonate solution and then dried. After the evaporation of solvents, an oil was obtained. This oil (8.81 g, 21.43 mmol) was mixed with sulfur (755 mg, 23.6 mmol) and the mixture was put into an oil bath preheated to 165° C. and stirred at this temperature for 20 minutes.
• the above olefin (700 mg) was dissolved in 20 ml of methanol and catalytic amount of palladium on carbon was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 45 PSI for three hrs. The mixture was filtered and solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 15 ml of ethyl acetate and selenium dioxide (88 mg) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. Another batch of selenium dioxide (75 mg) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 20 more minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated.
• the 1-(3-isopropoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-methanol (3.67 g, 10.0 mmol) was suspended in 50 ml of methylene chloride. Then at 0° C., triethylamine (1.53 ml, 11 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.85 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes. Then lithium chloride (0.83 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. After the evaporation of solvents, a pale brown solid was obtained as 1-(3-isopropoxy)benzyl-4-chloromethyl-6,7-di-methoxyisoquinoline.
• Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid [1-(3-isopropoxy-benzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-4-ylmethyl]-amide trifluoroacetate
• the 4-fluoro-3-methylanisole (7.32 g, 52.28 mmol) was dissolved in 30 ml of carbon tetrachloride. To this solution was added N-bromosuccinimide (9.772 g, 1.05 eq) and AIBN 428 mg, 5% eq). The mixture was refluxed for 1 hr and then cooled. The solid was filtered out and the filtrate was evaporated. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with concentrated sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was dried and solvents were removed to give an oil (13.0 g).
• the 2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenylacetic acid (2.30 g, 12.5 mmol) was mixed with ⁇ -aminomethyl-(3,4-dimethoxy)benzene acetic acid ethyl ester ( ⁇ -aminomethyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzene-acetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride (3.62 g) in 100 ml of methylene chloride.
• triethylamine 3.5 ml
• HOBT HOBT
• EDCI 2.52 g, 1.05 eq
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hrs.
• the mixture was extracted with 1N hydrochloric acid and methylene chloride.
• the 1-(2-fluoro-5-methoxybenzyl)-4-ethoxycarbonyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (4.0 g, 10 mmol, intermediate for 1-(2-Fluoro-5-methoxy-benzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (Example 26) was dissolved in 60 ml of THF. At 0° C., lithium aluminum hydride (371 mg, 1.0 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed complete disappearance of the starting material. The mixture was evaporated to remove solvents and the residue was extracted with methylene chloride and saturated ammonium chloride solution.
• the above azide (1.53 g) was dissolved into 100 ml of THF and di-tert-butyldicarbonate (1.0 g, 1.15 eq) was added followed by the addition of 10% palladium on activated carbon (350 mg).
• the mixture was hydrogenated at 40 PSI for 2 hrs.
• the solution was filtered through a layer of Celite and solvents were removed.
• the residue was dissolved into 100 ml of warm ethyl acetate and selenium dioxide (613 mg, 1.50 eq) was added.
• the mixture was refluxed for 3 hrs until all starting material was consumed.
• the mixture was filtered through a layer of silica gel and washed with ethyl acetate.
• Example 27 (4-Aminomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-(2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone (Example 27) (100.5 mg, 0.2269 mmol) was suspended in 5 ml of methylene chloride. The solution was cooled to ⁇ 78° C. and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.0195 ml, 1.10 eq) was added followed by the addition of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.122 ml, 3.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 1 hr and then at room temperature overnight.
• Example 27 (4-Aminomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-(2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone (Example 27) (100.75 mg, 0.22739 mmol) was suspended in 6 ml of methylene chloride. The solution was cooled to ⁇ 78° C. and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.042 ml, 1.10 eq) was added followed by the addition of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.118 ml, 3.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 1 hr and then at room temperature for 2 hrs.
• N-bromosuccinimide (19.12 g, 1.05 eq) and AIBN (840 mg). The mixture was refluxed for 1 hr. The solid was filtered out and the filtrate was evaporated. The residue was extracted with ether and washed with sodium bicarbonate solution. After the removal of solvents, an oil was obtained (26.03 g).
• the 2-fluoro-5-isopropoxyphenylacetic acid (4.0 g, 18.87 mmol) was mixed with ⁇ -aminomethyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzene-acetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride (5.47 g, 18.89 mmol) in 100 ml of methylene chloride. To that mixture was added triethylamine (5.2 ml), EDCI (3.82 g, 1.05 eq), and HOBT (2.54 g, 1.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed one major spot. The mixture was worked up with methylene chloride and 1N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was washed with sodium bicarbonate solution.
• the 1-(2-fluoro-5-isopropoxy)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carcoxylic acid ethyl ester (657 mg, 1.538 mmol) was dissolved into 3 ml of ethyl acetate and selenium dioxide (171 mg) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was passed through a layer of silica gel and washed with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried to give a crude solid which was carried on to the next step without further purification. One third of the crude solid was suspended in 5 ml of methanol and 1N sodium hydroxide solution (2 ml) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 40 minutes and then evaporated.
• the 1-(2-fluoro-5-isopropoxy)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carcoxylic acid ethyl ester (1.95 g, 4.57 mmol) was dissolved into 50 ml of THF. To this solution was added lithium aluminum hydride (340 mg, 2.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. TLC showed complete disappearance of the starting material. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was worked up with ammonium chloride and then extracted with methylene chloride. After the evaporation of solvents, the residue was washed with ether to give a white solid (1.76 g, 100%).
• the 1-(2-fluoro-5-isopropoxy)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-acetic acid methyl ester (363 mg, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of DMF. To this solution was added potassium tert-butyl oxide (209 mg, 2.20 eq). A deeply red colored solution was observed. To this solution was added methyl iodide (0.106 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. After the removal of solvents, the residue was dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl acetate and selenium dioxide (94.5 mg) was added.
• This oil (9.93 g) was mixed with sulfur (980 mg, 1.20 eq) and the mixture was put into an oil bath preheated to 160° C. The dark brown solution was stirred at 160° C. for 30 minutes until no more gas was observed. Then ethanol (150 ml) was added to give a clear solution. This solution was cooled down to room temperature to give a needle crystal. The solid was filtered and washed with ethanol to give 1-(2,6-difluoro)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a needle crystal (6.88 g, 61% over three steps).
• the needle crystal 1-(2,6-difluoro)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4.0 g, 10.33 mmol, intermediate of 1-(2,6-Difluoro-benzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (Example 33) was dissolved in 60 ml of dry THF. To this solution was added lithium aluminum hydride (382 mg, 1.0 eq). And the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was suspended into methylene chloride. The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride and ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was washed with brine.
• hydrochloride salt (69.6 mg).
• the hydrochloride salt (69.6 mg) was suspended in 5 ml of dry THF and the solution was cooled to ⁇ 20° C. To this solution was added isobutyl chloroformate (24.2 mg, 1.20 eq), triethylmine (44.7 mg, 3.0 eq) and pyrrolidine (21 mg, 2.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of methanol and treated with 0.5N lithium hydroxide solution (1 ml).
• the 1-(3-trans-tert-butoxycarbonylvinyl)benzyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (165 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of methanol and THF (4/1 ratio, 25 ml). Catalytic amount of 10% palladium on carbon was added and the mixture was hydrogenated at 35 PSI for 1 hr. The resulting solution was filtered through a layer of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue (158 mg) was dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl acetate. Selenium dioxide (45 mg, 1.20 eq) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs until all starting material was consumed.
• the 1-(3-carboxymethoxybenzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (intermediate in the preparation of 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzoyl]-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (Example 1)) (550 mg, 1.155 mmol) was mixed with N-methyl morpholine (0.32 ml, 2.9 mmol) in 5 ml of THF. The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 12° C. and isobutylchloroformate (0.155 ml, 1.19 mmol) was added.
• the above resin bound activated ester (225 mg, 0.19 mmol) was suspended in 3 ml of dichloromethane. Then isopropylamine (0.035 ml, 0.4 mmol) was added and the mixture was shaken under a stream of argon for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (3 ⁇ 1 ml). The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol containing 0.5 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was stirred for 4 hr until the completion of saponification. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified through a reverse phase C18 HPLC system eluted with acetonitrile and water.
• the resin bound activated ester (intermediate in the preparation of 1-[3-(Isopropyl-carbamoyl-methoxy)-benzoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid (Example 37)) (225 mg, 0.19 mmol) was combined with 3 ml of methylene chloride and 0.04 ml of thiomorpholine (0.4 mmol). The mixture was shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methylene chloride. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• the residue was saponified by dissolving in 1 ml of methanol containing 0.5 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution and several drops of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified through a reverse phase preparative HPLC to give 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-oxo-2-thiomorpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzoyl]-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid, as a fluffy solid (30 mg).
• the resin bound activated ester (intermediate in the preparation of 1-[3-(Isopropylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-benzoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid (Example 37)) (225 mg, 0.19 mmol) was combined with 3 ml of methylene chloride and 0.05 ml of ⁇ -methylbenzyl amine (0.4 mmol). The mixture was shaken for 15 minutes under argon at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methylene chloride. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• the residue was saponified by dissolving in 1 ml of methanol containing 0.5 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution and several drops of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified through a reverse phase preparative HPLC to give 6,7-Dimethoxy-1- ⁇ 3-[(1-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-methoxy]-benzoyl ⁇ -isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid, as a fluffy solid (30 mg).
• the resin bound activated ester (intermediate in the preparation of 1-[3-(Isopropylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-benzoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid (Example 37)) (225 mg, 0.19 mmol) was combined with 3 ml of methylene chloride and 0.035 ml of ethylmethylamine (0.4 mmol). The mixture was shaken for 15 minutes under argon at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methylene chloride. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• the residue was saponified by dissolving in 1 ml of methanol containing 0.5 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution and several drops of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified through a reverse phase preparative HPLC to give 1- ⁇ 3-[(Ethyl-methyl-carbamoyl)-methoxy]-benzoyl ⁇ -6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid, as a fluffy solid (27 mg).
• the resin bound activated ester (intermediate in the preparation of 1-[3-(Isopropylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-benzoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid (Example 37)) (225 mg, 0.19 mmol) was combined with 3 ml of methylene chloride and 0.060 ml of N-phenylpiperazine (0.388 mmol). The mixture was shaken for 15 minutes under argon at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methylene chloride. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• the residue was saponified by dissolving in 1 ml of methanol containing 0.5 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution and several drops of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified through a reverse phase preparative HPLC to give 6,7-Dimethoxy-1- ⁇ 3-[2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzoyl ⁇ -isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid, as a fluffy solid (30 mg).
• the asterisk signifies a chiral carbon.
• This solid (140 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ml of dry DMF and 1-bromo-2-methylpropane (0.1 ml, 0.92 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 30 minutes and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol and THF (1/1 volume ratio) and treated with 1N sodium hydroxide solutions (1.0 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hrs. Solvents were evaporated and the residue was dissolved in water. The resulting solution was treated with 0.2 ml of acetic acid (3.4 mmol). The milky mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 5 ml).
• This solid (140 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ml of dry DMF and 2-bromobutane (0.1 ml, 0.91 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol and THF (2 ml, 1/1 volume ratio) and treated with 1N sodium hydroxide solutions (1.0 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hrs. Solvents were evaporated and the residue was dissolved in brine (20 ml). The resulting solution was treated with 0.25 ml of acetic acid. The milky mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 5 ml).
• This solid (325 mg, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of DMF and the stirring solution was treated with potassium carbonate (300 mg, 2.17 mmol) followed by t-butyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (210 mg, 0.94 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated (50° C. in an oil-bath) and stirred for 25 hours. Mass spectrum and TLC indicated partial conversion to the desired product and additional potassium carbonate (330 mg, 2.17 mmol) and isobutyrate (210 mg, 0.94 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated with stirring for additional 25 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was partitioned with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and brine (25 ml).
• ⁇ -Aminomethyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzene-acetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride (11.9 g, 41.2 mmol) was mixed with 3-alloxyphenylacetic acid (8.3 g, 43.2 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (25 ml, 143 mmol), and O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (17.2 g, 45.3 mmol) in DMF (250 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
• the 3-phenylacetic acid was refluxed in methanol containing gaseous hydrogen chloride.
• the resulting methyl ester was alkylated with n-butyl bromide in DMF containing potassium carbonate.
• the methyl ester was finally saponified in refluxing ethanol with 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution to provide 3-butoxyphenylacetic acid.
• the dihydroisoquinoline (825 mg, 2 mmol) was combined with 100 mg of sulfur (3.1 mmol) and the mixture was heated and stirred at 155° C. in an oil-bath for 45 minutes.
• the paste was cooled and stirred with 3 mL of ethyl alcohol and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness giving a dark oil (800 mg).
• This oil was dissolved in 25 ml of acetic acid and treated with 260 mg (2.34 mmol) of selenium dioxide and the mixture was heated (122° C. oil bath) and stirred for 45 minutes.
• the mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was partitioned with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and dichloromethane.
• the organic extract was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo and the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl ether/hexanes) to provide about 37 mg of a mixture containing the starting material bromide and the desired 2-furan derivative.
• This mixture was combined in 1 ml of ethyl alcohol with 0.4 ml of 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was refluxed until the saponification was complete.
• the cooled aqueous solution was diluted with water and extracted twice with ethyl ether (3 mL). The aqueous layer was neutralized by the addition of 0.4 ml of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid.
• the milky mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC to provide 1-(3-Furan-2-yl-benzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid, as a brown semi-solid (25 mg, 56%).
• 1-(3-Isopropoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-methanol (3.55 g, 9.66 mmol, intermediate in the preparation of Example 11) was dissolved in 50 ml of methylene chloride and chilled to 0° C. while stirring. Then triethylamine (1.5 ml, 10.7 mmol) was added, followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (0.825 ml, 10.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 20 minute at 0° C. Lithium chloride (1 g, 23.5 mmol) was then added. The cooling bath was withdrawn and stirring was continued for 17 hours.
• reaction mixture was partitioned with brine (50 ml) and 100 ml of additional methylene chloride.
• the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to provide a chloride derivative as a beige semi-solid (3.6 g).
• the liquid layer was diluted with 25 ml of ethyl acetate and washed with 20 ml of 10% aqueous sodium potassium tartrate solution, followed by brine.
• the organic layer was dried from sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to give the alcohol as a pale yellow oil (195 mg).
• the above alkylated ester (30 mg, 0.62 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ml of ethyl acetate, treated with 12 mg of selenium dioxide (0.108 mmol) and heated at reflux for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through a layer of Celite, and then evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography, eluting with 1/1 ethyl acetate and hexanes to provide 30 mg of the ketone.
• the above ketone (30 mg, 0.6 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of methanol. The mixture was brought to reflux and 1 ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution was added. After refluxing for 15 minutes, solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in water (1 ml). The mixture was acidified with 1.0 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid. The milky mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC to give 23 mg of the title compound.
• the phases were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with a portion of ethyl ether.
• the organic phases were washed in turn with 100 mL of brine.
• the extracts were combined, dried (MgSO 4 ) filtered, and evaporated to provide 17 g of the benzyl alcohol as a colorless liquid.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with 50 mL of dichloromethane and washed with three 50 mL portions of brine.
• the organic extracts were combined and dried from sodium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate evaporated to provide the chloride as ⁇ 1.6 g of a light brown solid.
• 3-Methoxybenzyl chloride (3.13 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of diethyl ether and magnesium metal (0.49 g, 20.5 mmol) was added without stirring. Several crystals of iodine were added. After the reaction was initiated, stirring was begun and external cooling was applied as necessary to maintain gentle refluxing. Once the initial reaction had subsided, the mixture was refluxed ⁇ 1 hour. The mixture was diluted to 40 mL with diethyl ether and cooled in an ice-bath. The etheral solution of (3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-benzylidene)-(2,2-dimethoxy-ethyl)-amine was added dropwise to the cold solution.
• the resulting viscous oil was used purified by silica gel chromatography (25% to 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give [1-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-(2,2-dimethoxy-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (4.51 g, 8.6 mmol, 86%) as pale yellow viscous oil.
• N,N-dimethylformamide (0.36 mL) at 0° C. was added phosphorous oxychloride (0.84 mL, 0.80 g, 10.9 mmol.) dropwise.
• the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred ⁇ 30 minutes.
• the mixture was recooled in an ice-bath, and 7-benzyloxy-6-methoxy-1-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2.15 g, 2.11 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added dropwise. After addition was complete, the mixture was heated on an oil bath ⁇ 2 hours at 60° C.
• n-Butyl iodide (175 mg, 0.95 mmol), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-isoquinoline-4-carbaldehyde (60 mg, 0.19 mmol), and anhydrous potassium carbonate (262 mg, 1.9 mmol) were combined in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL) and heated on an oil bath at 80° C. The mixture was cooled and poured into water (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 30 mL).
• 1,2-Dibromoethane (376 mg, 2 mmol), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-isoquinoline-4-carbaldehyde (120 mg, 0.37 mmol), and anhydrous potassium carbonate (276 mg, 2 mmol) were combined in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL) and heated on an oil bath at 80° C. The mixture was cooled and poured into water (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3 ⁇ 30 mL), saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (30 mL), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• Ethanol 13 mL, 225 was added to a suspension of sodium (3.6 g, 157 mmol) in toluene (125 mL) with stirring at 85° C.
• the reaction mixture turned to a slightly turbid white mixture.
• 3,4-Dimethoxy phenylacetonitrile (26.6 g, 150 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at one time and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 30 minutes.
• Diethyl carbonate (20 mL, 16.5 mmol) was added to the mixture.
• the mixture was heated at 110° C. for 5 hrs.
• the solvent was evaporated and ice (250 g) was added.
• Example 87A 1-(3-Ethoxy-benzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carboximidic acid ethyl ester with hydrochloride (Example 87A) (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (4 mL) was added morpholine (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h.

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