US3875862A - Hollow charge mines for multiple deployment - Google Patents

Hollow charge mines for multiple deployment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875862A
US3875862A US333186A US33318673A US3875862A US 3875862 A US3875862 A US 3875862A US 333186 A US333186 A US 333186A US 33318673 A US33318673 A US 33318673A US 3875862 A US3875862 A US 3875862A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mine
hollow charge
primary
secondary sensor
detector
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Expired - Lifetime
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US333186A
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaus-Heinz Fischer
Rainer Schoffl
Willi J Petters
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/148—Proximity fuzes in combination with other fuzes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00—Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F42B23/04—Land mines ; Land torpedoes anti-vehicle, e.g. anti-aircraft or anti tank

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A hollow charge mine for multiple deployment situations having positioning elements, primary sensor system and at least one secondary sensor system.
  • the secondary sensor system is operational for sensing a target and detonating the mine and in another deployment situation the primary sensor system is operational for sensing a target and detonating the mine.
  • the mine includes a timing device for controlling the operation of the positioning elements for positioning the mine and for activating the primary sensor system after a predetermined time interval as well as for deactivating the secondary sensor system.
  • the present invention relates to hollow charge mines having positioning elements and at least two sensor systerns for multiple deployment of the mine especially for use as antitank mines.
  • Hollow charge antitank mines have been known which are laid by missiles, airplanes, projectiles, or other carrier systems and position themselves on the ground, after a preselectable time after hitting the ground, in such a manner that the effective direction of the hollow charge mine points upward to the target or object to be attacked such that the target contacts the stationary mine for detonation.
  • effective hollow charge elements are known which hit or detonate in the region of the target to be attacked from above, as well as hollow charge missiles and hollow charge projectiles'which become effective upon direct impingement in the target.
  • hollow charge ammunition such as hollow charge antitank mines are provided with positioning elements and a conventional sensor system and with at least one further, secondary sensor system effective in case of a direct-hit or impact position, so that additional utilization and deployment of the mine is effected.
  • the hollow charge mine is first carried, as a hollow charge ammunition, to the object or target to be attacked and in response to a suitable secondary sensor system, becomes effective and detonates in case of a good target hit position.
  • the mine is then automatically brought into the desired stationary position by means of the positioning elements, and simultaneously the primary sensor system is rendered functional.
  • the present invention a great variety of carrier systems can be utilized for delivering the hollow charge mines of this invention to the target to be attacked.
  • the mines can be dropped, for example, from airplanes, missiles, projectiles, or by hand.
  • the type of secondary sensor system is dependent on the effective direction and/or impingement position of the hollow charge mine, such as, for example, after the direct hit or impact position in case of projectiles or after impingement from above in case of bombs, and on the type of the object to be attacked.
  • a conventional secondary approximation sensor responsive to metals can be employed which, after missing the target is optionally disarmed during the stationary positioning of the mine, while the primary sensor is armed at the same time.
  • the advantages attainable by the present invention reside, in particular, in that the diversity of the types of hollow charge ammunition required can be reduced, and a single hollow charge element is available for several uses and which is capable of selectively assuming a different operational use due to the combination of two sensor systems.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of hollow charge ammunition in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of hollow charge ammunition in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention and illustrating further features of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the electronic circuit arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the impact detecting and separating arrangement according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 wherein there is illustrated hollow charge ammunition in the form of a hollow charge antitank mine intended for being dropped from missiles or like carriers.
  • the mine which may have a cylindrical configuration includes a mine body 8, a primary contact sensor and detonator system 6, and positioning elements 5 for setting the mine upright in a stationary position after impinging on the ground, while simultaneously causing the primary sensor system 6 to be positioned and activated for arming the mine.
  • the mine In order to reduce the energy of the fall from the carrier, the mine is provided with a parachute l or like member and, for reducing the accelerative forces upon impingement on the ground and thus for preserving the explosive charge and the remaining elements, the mine is provided with an elastic hemispherical or cup member 2 disposed above the hollow charge 3 having an insert member 4.
  • the member 2 also ensures that the mine will always lay on its lateral surface after impingement on the ground so that the positioning elements 5 can functionproperly.
  • the parachute is attached to the hollow charge mine in such a manner that the hollow charge is oriented toward the object to be attacked dur ing falling and may either remain attached to the mine or be released in the manner known in the art.
  • the positioning elements 5 which are arranged about the lateral surface of the mine are folded inwardly during the dropping of the mine.
  • the secondary sensor system 7 including for example an electronic proximity detector or like detector, is arranged at the elastic hemispherical member 2 (oriented downwardly during the fall).
  • Such detectors which are conventional in the art, respond to metals at a distance of 10-50 mm. and trigger the hollow charge mine upon a direct impact or hit position of the mine onto the target. If the mine impinges on the ground rather than on the metallic target, the mine is set upright by the positioning elements 5 which may be of the type disclosed in German Offenlegungsschrift 1800121.
  • the positioning elements are activated after a given time predetermined by a timing device which can consist, for example, essentially of an RC-member and the primary sensor system responsive to moving targets to be attacked from below is positioned or extended, i.e. the normal deployment for an antitank mine.
  • a timing device which can consist, for example, essentially of an RC-member and the primary sensor system responsive to moving targets to be attacked from below is positioned or extended, i.e. the normal deployment for an antitank mine.
  • the proximity detector is inactivated.
  • the sensor 6 is illustrated as being adjacent the member 2, the sensor may also be positioned on the lateral surface of the mine or on the positioning elements and extended thereby.
  • the mine is further provided with a primer charge 9, an initiating charge 10, an electronic circuit 11, an electrical energy supply source 12 such as a battery or the like interconnected with electronic circuit 11, and leads 13 and 14 connected respectively to the secondary sensor 7 and the primary sensor 6.
  • the secondary sensor which may be a contact detector, a proximity detector of the inductive or capacitive type, or like detector is illustrated as an inductive proximity detector having a small annular coil which is in fluenced by the target object to be attached from above.
  • the small annular coil is connected to the electronic circuit 11, which also includes the remaining sensor system components via the leads 13.
  • the leads 13 are, in part, vulcanized within the elastic cup member and are also guided through the mine body 8 through corresponding bores.
  • the primary sensor which may include a contact detector, proximity detector or like detector, is illustrated in FIG. 2 as an inductive proximity detector having an annular coil.
  • the primary sensor is provided with an increased detection range over that of the secondary sensor. That is, the secondary sensor is arranged for small distance operation requiring practically impingement or contact situations with the target, whereas the primary sensor is operational at larger distances as for example, when a tank rolls over the mine without actually contacting the mine.
  • the primary sensor may also be in the form of a contact sensor as in the FIG. 1 arrangement.
  • a switch device 15 including an impact switch 28 which is closed by the deceleration during impingement and which switch initiates via an optionally adjustable time delay member 26 6g. electronically by means of an RC-member of the switch device or pyrotechnically by means of a pyrotechnical delay line, a separating element 27 which releases a restraining cord 16 or the like for the positioning elements 5, so that the elements unfold laterally under the effect of the springs 17 and thus position the mine into its combat position.
  • the time delay member of the switch device 15 for releasing the restraining cord 16 is provided to ensure that the mine has come to rest on the ground, in any event, prior to the positioning process.
  • Suitable separating elements are known and may for example be of the type disclosed in British Pat. No. 1,263,771 and which are extended through eyes arranged at the two ends of the restraining cord.
  • a switching member 18, as shown in FIG. 3, which is under spring tension is released and is thereby displaced for example, radially toward the outside in the mine housing, closing the switch 19 and opening switch 20 and thereby switching the electronic circuit over from the secondary sensor 7 to the primary sensor 6.
  • Each sensor 6 and 7, as shown in FIG. 3 which is a block circuit diagram of the electronic circuit 11, is provided with a respective amplifier 21 and 22 adapted to its characteristic. However, it is also possible to use the same amplifier for both sensors in certain cases.
  • the primary sensor 6 is activated or armed, while the secondary sensor is deactivated or disarmed. This disarming has the advantage that at least part of the electronic circuit can be utilized for both types of sensors. As shown in FIG.
  • the armed or activated sensor provides an output signal via the respective amplifier to a threshold device 23 such as a Schmitt trigger circuit which provides an output signal when the predetermined threshold value is attained.
  • the output signal of the threshold device is supplied to an ignition control device 24 such as the control electrode of a thyristor for turning on the thyristor and permitting current flow from the power source 12 to the detonating arrangement as for example, igniting the primary charge 9.
  • a conventional hollow charge mine is provided with at least one additional, secondary sensor system which becomes effective upon a direct hit position.
  • a single type of ammunition as an attack ammunition, as well as an ambush ammunition.
  • the secondary sensor system does not respond, i.e. a direct attack does not take place. Instead, the mine then assumes its combat position on the ground and remains in ambush until the primary sensor system responds, for example due to a tank rolling over the mine, thereby triggering the detonation of the mine.
  • a guided or unguided missile may be equipped with a hollow charge as the warhead, con structed identically or similarly to the above-described mines and the secondary sensor system can be a conventional impact detonator or one of the aforementioned proximity detectors.
  • the warheads are detached after impringement on the ground, from the carrier portion and extend the positioning elements and a contact sensor as a primary sensor system.
  • the secondary sensor system can be deactivated in the manner indicated above.
  • the invention is not limited to the combination of the above-described sensor systems since any possible sensor system combination can be chosen, depending on the type of deployment of the hollow charge mine.
  • the hollow charge mines of the present invention are not only utilizable for combating targets on land, but are also suitable for combating submarines and ships, wherein the mine is watertight and in the first deployment situation is placed on the sea bottom while in the second deployment situation, is made boyant in the manner known in the art.
  • weighting members may be released after a predetermined time interval permitting the bouyant mine to float upwardly.
  • the positioning in the combating of surface vessels can be accomplished by means of the elastic hemispherical member 2 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, which can also be constructed to ensure the buoyancy of the hollow charge mine.
  • a hollow charge mine for multiple deployment situations comprising a hollow charge, positioning means for positioning said mine in a position corresponding to a first deployment situation in which said mine is substantially stationary and a movable target moves toward said mine, primary sensor means being operational in at least said at least said first mine deployment situation for detonating said mine in response to the detection of the movable target, and at least one secondary sensor means being operational in at least a second deployment situation of said mine in which said mine is moving toward a selected target for detonating said mine in response to the detection of the selected target, whereby upon nondetonation of said mine in the second deployment situation, said positioning means positions said mine in the first deployment situation.
  • a hollow charge mine according to claim 1 further comprising timing means for activating said primary sensor means after a predetermined time interval.
  • timing means includes deactivating means for deactivating said secondary sensor means.
  • timing means is a resistor-capacitor means.
  • timing means is adjustable to provide for different predetermined time intervals.
  • a hollow charge mine according to claim 1 further comprising parachute means connected to said mine for enabling said mine to be dropped onto a target.
  • a hollow charge mine according to claim 1 further comprising an elastic hemispherical member connected to said mine.
  • a hollow charge mine according to claim 5 further comprising impact detecting means for detecting the impingement of said mine onto a surface for activation said timing means, said timing means also serving for activating said positioning means after said predetermined time interval.
  • said primary and secondary sensor means each include detector means connected to an amplifier means via a switching means, said amplifier means providing an output to a threshold switching means for providing an output to an initiating means in response to a predetermined threshold value being attained.
  • said switching means includes first and second contact means for connecting a respective amplifier means to a respective detector means of said primary and secondary sensor means, said switching means having an initial position wherein said detector means and amplifier means of said secondary sensor means is connected and said detector means and amplifier means of said primary sensor means is disconnected, said timing means controlling the operation of said switching means for connecting said detector means and amplifier means of said primary sensor means and disconnecting said detector means and amplifier means of said secondary sensor means after said predetermined time interval.
  • threshold switching means includes trigger circuit means and said initiating means includes thyristor means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
US333186A 1972-02-18 1973-02-16 Hollow charge mines for multiple deployment Expired - Lifetime US3875862A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2207557A DE2207557C2 (de) 1972-02-18 1972-02-18 Hohlladungsminen für multiplen Einsatz

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US3875862A true US3875862A (en) 1975-04-08

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US (1) US3875862A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE795623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2207557C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2172403B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1381702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT977389B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7302214A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030418A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation
US4040354A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity-deployed double-ended anti-tank mine
DE2608067A1 (de) * 1976-02-28 1977-09-01 Diehl Fa Zuendschaltung fuer streumunition
US4058060A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity-deployed munition with a mechanical gravity-controlled switch
FR2463384A1 (fr) * 1979-08-01 1981-02-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag Piece profilee en forme de capot pour engins offensifs, en particulier pour mines
US4281809A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of precision bombing
US4304186A (en) * 1978-09-16 1981-12-08 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Cavity-forming shaped part for an article, especially a hollow-charge mine
US4538519A (en) * 1983-02-25 1985-09-03 Rheinmetall Gmbh Warhead unit
US4584943A (en) * 1983-07-07 1986-04-29 Rheinmetall Gmbh Missile head to be released in an airplane cargo drop or from a flying body
US4622900A (en) * 1983-06-25 1986-11-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Exploding missile
US4640194A (en) * 1983-11-30 1987-02-03 Rheinmetall Gmbh Airborne arrangement for producing a projectile
US4825766A (en) * 1978-03-11 1989-05-02 Emi Limited Fuzing arrangements
US4870904A (en) * 1987-11-30 1989-10-03 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Releasable body provided with aerodynamic braking means
US4922824A (en) * 1988-05-20 1990-05-08 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Stand device for a mine
US4934274A (en) * 1987-06-04 1990-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Self-erecting mine
EP0443595A3 (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-07-29 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Mine having an action in a fixed direction
US5320044A (en) * 1985-06-17 1994-06-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Three radii shaped charge liner
US20060254015A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-11-16 Sullivan Aubrey D System and method for roof repair
CN113654417A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-16 南京理工大学 一种弹用机械式伞盖弹射装置

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DE2645419A1 (de) * 1976-10-08 1978-04-13 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Hohlladungsmunition
DE2743594C2 (de) * 1977-09-28 1982-12-23 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Einrichtung zum Positionieren von zylindrischen Hohlladungsminen
DE2831420A1 (de) * 1978-07-18 1980-01-31 Licentia Gmbh Zuender fuer ein militaerisches kampfmittel
FR2435690B1 (fr) * 1978-09-07 1985-11-08 Alsetex Dispositif pour la pose orientee d'une mine terrestre
DE3244708A1 (de) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-07 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines zuendsignals fuer ueberflug-flugkoerper
DE3127602A1 (de) * 1981-07-13 1983-02-17 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Wirkkoerpereinheit zum ausbringen aus einem behaelter ueber einem zielgebiet
GB2240384B (en) * 1982-01-20 1991-12-11 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to fuzing systems
US4638130A (en) * 1983-10-26 1987-01-20 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Acceleration sensor
DE3343265A1 (de) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-05 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Geschosskopf
DE3344601A1 (de) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Vorrichtung zur minenpositionierung
DE3420440C1 (de) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-05 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Einrichtung zum Verschwenken eines Rückstoßtriebwerks, insbesondere Raketentriebwerks oder dessen Schubdüse
DE3426547A1 (de) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-30 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Einrichtung zur adaptiven zuendung eines explosivkoerpers
DE3515497A1 (de) * 1985-04-30 1986-10-30 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Panzerabwehr-mine
DE3526474C1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1986-12-18 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Einrichtung zur Ausloesung eines absetzbaren Wirkkoerpers
DE3636719C2 (de) * 1986-10-29 1997-12-11 Diehl Gmbh & Co Stabilisierungseinrichtung für eine Unterwasserwaffe
DE3710989A1 (de) * 1987-04-01 1988-10-27 Dornier Gmbh Mine zum luftverlasten
DE3713424C1 (en) * 1987-04-22 1988-08-11 Honeywell Regelsysteme Gmbh Mine
DE3803666A1 (de) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-17 Rheinmetall Gmbh Aufricht-vorrichtung
DE3820304A1 (de) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-28 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Landmine
DE3824161A1 (de) * 1988-07-16 1990-02-22 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Mine zum sperren von strassen
DE3825785A1 (de) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-01 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Mine
DE3909953A1 (de) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Landmine
DE3917661A1 (de) * 1989-05-31 1993-07-08 Diehl Gmbh & Co Unterwassermine
DE4019176A1 (de) * 1990-06-15 1991-12-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag Abwurfmunition
DE4021685C2 (de) * 1990-07-07 1996-05-02 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Luftverbringbare Land-Mine mit Positioniereinrichtung
DE4214225A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Selbstaufrichtende mine
GB2302395A (en) * 1995-06-16 1997-01-15 Numerica Limited Grenade
ATE554363T1 (de) * 2008-12-18 2012-05-15 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Arges Gmbh Handgranate

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US3125953A (en) * 1964-03-24 Amplifier
US1682560A (en) * 1925-05-18 1928-08-28 Gruber Hans Explosive mine
US3001476A (en) * 1945-06-04 1961-09-26 John R Boykin Magnetic fuze
US3089421A (en) * 1955-10-27 1963-05-14 Jr Ralph O Robinson Toroidal coil influence oscillator
US3557697A (en) * 1962-07-23 1971-01-26 Us Navy Railroad rail breaking bomb
US3252418A (en) * 1963-07-22 1966-05-24 C R I F Sa Magnetic mine
US3282211A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-11-01 Edward T Winston Foliage-sensitive bomb fuze

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030418A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation
US4040354A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity-deployed double-ended anti-tank mine
US4058060A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity-deployed munition with a mechanical gravity-controlled switch
DE2608067A1 (de) * 1976-02-28 1977-09-01 Diehl Fa Zuendschaltung fuer streumunition
US4825766A (en) * 1978-03-11 1989-05-02 Emi Limited Fuzing arrangements
US4304186A (en) * 1978-09-16 1981-12-08 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Cavity-forming shaped part for an article, especially a hollow-charge mine
FR2463384A1 (fr) * 1979-08-01 1981-02-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag Piece profilee en forme de capot pour engins offensifs, en particulier pour mines
US4368671A (en) * 1979-08-01 1983-01-18 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Dome-shaped molded component for operative elements, especially mines
US4281809A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of precision bombing
US4538519A (en) * 1983-02-25 1985-09-03 Rheinmetall Gmbh Warhead unit
US4622900A (en) * 1983-06-25 1986-11-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Exploding missile
US4691636A (en) * 1983-06-25 1987-09-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh Exploding missile
US4584943A (en) * 1983-07-07 1986-04-29 Rheinmetall Gmbh Missile head to be released in an airplane cargo drop or from a flying body
US4640194A (en) * 1983-11-30 1987-02-03 Rheinmetall Gmbh Airborne arrangement for producing a projectile
US5320044A (en) * 1985-06-17 1994-06-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Three radii shaped charge liner
US4934274A (en) * 1987-06-04 1990-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Self-erecting mine
US4870904A (en) * 1987-11-30 1989-10-03 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Releasable body provided with aerodynamic braking means
AU609214B2 (en) * 1987-11-30 1991-04-26 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Releasable body provided with aerodynamic braking means
US4922824A (en) * 1988-05-20 1990-05-08 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Stand device for a mine
EP0443595A3 (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-07-29 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Mine having an action in a fixed direction
US20060254015A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-11-16 Sullivan Aubrey D System and method for roof repair
CN113654417A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-16 南京理工大学 一种弹用机械式伞盖弹射装置
CN113654417B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2022-06-21 南京理工大学 一种弹用机械式伞盖弹射装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE795623A (fr) 1973-06-18
IT977389B (it) 1974-09-10
DE2207557C2 (de) 1982-11-04
GB1381702A (en) 1975-01-22
FR2172403B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-09-02
NL7302214A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-21
DE2207557A1 (de) 1973-11-08
FR2172403A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-28

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