US20160215269A1 - Method for inducing pluripotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells prepared by said method - Google Patents

Method for inducing pluripotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells prepared by said method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160215269A1
US20160215269A1 US14/779,136 US201414779136A US2016215269A1 US 20160215269 A1 US20160215269 A1 US 20160215269A1 US 201414779136 A US201414779136 A US 201414779136A US 2016215269 A1 US2016215269 A1 US 2016215269A1
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Prior art keywords
extract
cells
stem cells
shikimic acid
plant
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US14/779,136
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English (en)
Inventor
Ah Reum Kim
Su Na Kim
Won Seok Park
Yoo Wook Kwon
Young Bae Park
Hyo Soo Kim
Jae Seung PAEK
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Amorepacific Corp
SNU R&DB Foundation
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Amorepacific Corp
Seoul National University R&DB Foundation
SNU R&DB Foundation
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Application filed by Amorepacific Corp, Seoul National University R&DB Foundation, SNU R&DB Foundation filed Critical Amorepacific Corp
Assigned to SNU R&DB FOUNDATION, AMOREPACIFIC CORPORATION reassignment SNU R&DB FOUNDATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIM, SU NA, PARK, WON SEOK, KIM, AH REUM, KIM, HYO SOO, KWON, YOO WOOK, PAEK, JAE SEUNG, PARK, YOUNG BAE
Publication of US20160215269A1 publication Critical patent/US20160215269A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2502/00—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by
    • C12N2502/13—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by connective tissue cells; generic mesenchyme cells, e.g. so-called "embryonic fibroblasts"
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
    • C12N2506/02—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from embryonic cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
    • C12N2506/13—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells
    • C12N2506/1307—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from adult fibroblasts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
    • C12N2533/50—Proteins
    • C12N2533/54—Collagen; Gelatin

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method for inducing pluripotent stem cells by reprogramming and/or dedifferentiating a differentiated adult cells, pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method and a composition containing the pluripotent stem cells.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition containing pluripotent stem cells.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a composition for activating stem cells, proliferating skin cells, regenerating skin or anti-aging.
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells constituting biological tissues and can be obtained from the tissues of embryos, fetuses and adults.
  • pluripotent stem cells refer to the stem cells that can differentiate into any of the three germ layers, i.e., the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
  • the stem cells can be classified based on their anatomical sites, cellular functions, antigens presented on the cell surface, transcription factors, proteins produced by the cells, and specific cell types that can be derived from the stem cells.
  • the stem cells can be classified based on their origin. Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are isolated from embryos and adult stem cells are isolated from adult tissues.
  • ES cells Embryonic stem cells
  • the stem cells can be classified into pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent stem cells based on their capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types.
  • embryonic stem cells ES cells
  • adult stem cells can be classified as multipotent and unipotent stem cells.
  • the embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo, are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into all the tissues constituting the adult body. That is to say, the embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can proliferate without limit and can differentiate into all cell types. Unlike the adult stem cells, they can be inherited to the next generation because they can form germ cells.
  • pluripotent embryonic stem cells raise serious religious and ethical concerns implicated with the destruction of embryos during preparation thereof.
  • immune rejection due to lack of immunocompatability between individuals cannot be avoided.
  • pluripotent stem cells such as induced embryonic stem cells or embryonic stem cells using the cells derived from adults.
  • Typical examples include somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), fusion with ES cells and reprogramming by defined factors.
  • SCNT somatic cell nuclear transfer
  • the somatic cell nuclear transfer is very inefficient and there is an ethical question in that it requires eggs in large quantities.
  • the fusion with ES cells has a serious problem in terms of cell stability because the induced cells additionally have two pairs of genes.
  • the reprogramming by defined factors which has been reported most recently, involves the serious problem of carcinogenesis because it uses oncogene-containing viruses.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have acquired dedifferentiated stem cells from an extract of animal-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) but there are some limitations.
  • iPS animal-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
  • somatic cells to be induced are treated with an extract of animal stem cells or dedifferentiated stem cells thereof, if the cells survive in the extract without being completely destroyed, it is not easy to distinguish the dedifferentiation-induced cells from the surviving dedifferentiated stem cells and analysis of genomic DNA is necessary, which is costly and time-consuming.
  • the present disclosure is directed to providing a method for preparing pluripotent stem cells with proven stability and safety without raising ethical problems in order to solve the problems in the related art.
  • the present disclosure is also directed to providing a method for inducing human-derived dedifferentiated stem cells, which has been hardly successful.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have developed a method for inducing pluripotent stem cells using cells derived from an adult, so that the pluripotent stem cells have the same genetic background as the adult. According to the present disclosure, the same result can be obtained from adult-derived cells having various genetic backgrounds. Accordingly, the method of the present disclosure is suitable for preparation of pluripotent stem cells.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for inducing stem cells, including treating adult-derived cells with shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid, a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid, or a composition containing them.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing induced pluripotent stem cells, including extracting an extract containing active ingredients from plant stem cells or any type of induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods; injecting the extract into adult-derived cells; and preparing pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem cells by culturing the cells into which the extract has been injected.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing stem cells, which further includes injecting shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid, a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid, or a composition containing them into adult-derived cells; and culturing the cells into which the shikimic acid, the extract or the composition has been injected.
  • the extract may be a callus extract.
  • the method may further include, before the injection of the extract, treating the adult-derived cells with a cell membrane permeabilizing agent.
  • the cell membrane permeabilizing agent may include streptolysin O and digitonin, although not being limited thereto as long as it allows easy injection of the shikimic acid or the extract according to the present disclosure through the cell membrane.
  • the method may further include culturing the adult-derived cells into which the extract has been injected after transferring to a feeder cell layer.
  • the feeder cells may include STO cells, although not being limited thereto.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing induced pluripotent stem cells, including extracting an extract containing active ingredients from plant stem cells, a callus or any type of induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods; injecting the extract into adult-derived cells; culturing the cells into which the extract has been injected using normal cell culture media; and further culturing the cells using embryonic stem cell culture media after transferring to a feeder cell layer.
  • the present disclosure provides stem cells prepared by the above-described method.
  • the present disclosure provides a composition containing the stem cells.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for inducing inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) by inducing reprogramming and/or dedifferentiation of differentiated adult cells using shikimic acid or a plant extract or a plant stem cell extract containing the same, pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method, and a cell therapy agent containing the pluripotent stem cells.
  • iPSC inducible pluripotent stem cells
  • the plant extract or plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid used in the present disclosure may further contain an extract of one or more selected from a group consisting of sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ), Iris pseudoacorus, Helianthus tuberosus, Picea ponnes, Picea glauca, Eucalyptus sieberiana, Eucalyptus regnans, Thuja plicata, Phoenix dactylifera, Dahlia variabilis, Malus baccata, Pyrus communis, Triticum, Pinus densifloraa, Pinus thunbergii, Illicium anisatum, Magnolia grandiflora, Houttuynia cordata, Saxifraga stolonifera, Terminalia arjuna, Pistacia lentiscus, Ribes aureum, Symphytum officinalis, Actaea pachypoda, Alangium salvifollium, Gingko biloba,
  • the present disclosure provides a composition for activating stem cells, regenerating skin or anti-aging, which contains the stem cells prepared by the above-described method, or a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition containing the same.
  • an extract of plant stem cells or any type of induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods, shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid, or a composition containing the same may be used to prepare stem cells.
  • the method of the present disclosure is applicable to the cells of all species having various genetic backgrounds, including human.
  • the method of the present disclosure is free from ethical concerns because it uses a plant-derived stem cell extract and allows for preparation of induced pluripotent stem cells with proven safety.
  • FIG. 1 schematically describes an experimental procedure of inducing pluripotent stem cells according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows induced pluripotent stem cells observed on day 5 after treatment with a plant stem cell extract.
  • FIG. 3 shows induced pluripotent stem cells observed on day 8 after treatment with a plant stem cell extract and day 2 after transfer to a feeder cell layer.
  • FIG. 4 A shows induced pluripotent stem cells observed on day 32 after treatment with a plant stem cell extract and after subculturing for 4 times after transfer to a feeder cell layer.
  • FIG. 4 B shows typical embryonic stem cells.
  • FIG. 6 A shows induced pluripotent stem cells observed on day 50 after treatment with a plant stem cell extract and after subculturing for 7 times after transfer to a feeder cell layer as well as a result of alkaline phosphatase staining thereof.
  • FIG. 6 B shows human pluripotent stem cells induced by using four factor viruses of Yamanaka as well as a result of alkaline phosphatase staining thereof.
  • FIG. 7 shows gene expression in pluripotent stem cells induced according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 shows an HPLC result of a sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure.
  • Shikimic acid has a structure of [Chemical Formula 1].
  • FIG. 9 schematically describes an experimental procedure of inducing pluripotent stem cells using shikimic acid or a plant stem cell extract containing the same according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 shows expression of the Oct3/4 gene in HDF after treatment with shikimic acid or a sequoia callus extract.
  • FIG. 11 shows expression of the Oct3/4 gene in HDF after treatment with shikimic acid at different concentrations.
  • FIG. 12 shows increased expression of ALP after treatment with shikimic acid or a sequoia callus extract.
  • FIG. 13 shows increased expression of ALP after treatment with shikimic acid at different concentrations.
  • FIG. 14 shows the colony-forming ability of dermal cells after treatment with shikimic acid or a sequoia callus extract.
  • FIG. 15 shows the colony-forming ability of dermal cells after treatment with shikimic acid different concentrations.
  • FIG. 16 shows the colony-forming ability of dermal cells after treatment with shikimic acid or a sequoia callus extract.
  • FIG. 17 shows the colony-forming ability of dermal cells after treatment with shikimic acid different concentrations.
  • FIG. 18 shows increased proliferating ability of dermal cells after treatment with shikimic acid or a sequoia callus extract.
  • Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0123860 which was filed on Oct. 17, 2013 is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • this application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0123860 and all the benefits accruing therefrom, the contents of which in its entirety are herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing induced pluripotent stem cells, including:
  • pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem cells by culturing the cells into which the extract has been injected.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing stem cells, including treating adult-derived cells with shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid, a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid, or a composition containing them.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing stem cells, including: injecting shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid, a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid, or a composition containing them into adult-derived cells; and culturing the cells into which the shikimic acid, the extract or the composition has been injected.
  • the extract may be a callus extract.
  • the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may contain shikimic acid, caffeic acid or ferulic acid.
  • ‘shikimic acid’ may be represented by Chemical Formula 1 and is used in a broad concept, including its precursors, derivatives, etc.
  • the shikimic acid may have a molecular weight of 174.15 g/mol.
  • ‘caffeic acid’ may be represented by Chemical Formula 2 and is used in a broad concept, including its precursors, derivatives, etc. It may have a molecular weight of 180.16 g/mol.
  • Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound contained in fruits including coffee bean and pear and medicinal plants such as basil, thyme, banana, tarragon, oregano, dandelion, etc.
  • ‘ferulic acid’ may be represented by Chemical Formula 3 and is used in a broad concept, including its precursors, derivatives, etc. It may have a molecular weight of 191.18 g/mol. Ferulic acid is a precursor to lignin constituting plant cell walls and is abundant in plant cell walls. It can be found in plant seeds of wheat, oats, coffee, apple, orange, peanut, etc.
  • stem cell refers to a master cell that can proliferate without limit so as to form cells specialized for various tissues and organs.
  • the stem cells are developable pluripotent or multipotent cells.
  • a stem cell may divide into two daughter stem cells or into one daughter stem cell and one transit cell. Afterwards, they proliferate as mature and complete cells of the tissues.
  • embryonic stem cell refers to a pluripotent cell which is isolated from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo, after fertilization and then cultured.
  • dedifferentiated stem cell or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) extract refers to a substance obtained by finely chopping dedifferentiated stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), which have been induced and cultured by various methods, in a test tube using physical/chemical methods and then separating through centrifugation, etc.
  • plant stem cell refers to a plant stem cell derived from a cambium. In particular, it includes physically intact pure cambial meristematic cells (CMC), found in the cambium at a boundary between the xylem and the phloem.
  • CMC cambial meristematic cells
  • plant stem cell is used in the broad concept, including any type of induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods.
  • the term ‘callus’ refers to a mass of unorganized parenchyma cells, a typical example of which is a tumor tissue formed from a meristematic tissue around a plant wound.
  • the plant tissues are largely divided into the meristematic tissues which show cell division and the permanent tissues which do not.
  • a callus is formed initially. Then, an adventitious embryo is formed and it is differentiated into a plant organ.
  • the callus is commonly called ‘plant stem cells’.
  • the callus used in the present disclosure is not limited in its kind.
  • pluripotent stem cell refers to a stem cell having the pluripotency to differentiate into any of the three germ layers of an organism, i.e. endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Traditionally, embryonic stem cells are the stem cells in this category.
  • induced pluripotent stem cell refers to a pluripotent stem cell which is genetically identical to a donor cell used to prepare the induced pluripotent stem cell. That is to say, the induced pluripotent stem cell originates from the donor cell.
  • induced pluripotent stem cell ‘dedifferentiated stem cell’ and inducible pluripotent stem cell can be used interchangeably.
  • adult-derived cell refers, as opposed to an embryonic cell, to a cell which is derived from a surviving adult.
  • the term ‘differentiation’ refers to a process by which the morphology or function of a cell is specialized during it divides and proliferates.
  • the morphology or function of the cell changes so as to perform specific functions of the cell, tissue, etc. of an organism.
  • it refers to a phenomenon by which a relatively simple system is divided into two or more qualitatively different sub-systems. That is to say, occurrence of differences from an essentially identical part of an organism or division to qualitatively different systems as a result thereof, such as formation of head or body parts from an egg during ontogenesis or differentiation of muscle cells, neural cells, etc., is called differentiation.
  • the plant may be sequoia.
  • the plant stem cells may be a callus.
  • the plant stem cells may be sequoia stem cells.
  • the plant stem cell extract may be a callus extract.
  • the extract may be a sequoia callus extract.
  • the sequoia may be giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ).
  • the extract or the composition may contain shikimic acid.
  • the composition may contain the shikimic acid at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M to 30 mM based on the total volume of the composition.
  • the composition may contain the shikimic acid, the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M or higher, 20 ⁇ M or higher, 30 ⁇ M or higher, 50 ⁇ M or higher, 100 ⁇ M or higher, 1 mM or higher, 5 mM or higher, 10 mM or higher, 20 mM or higher or 30 mM or higher, and 1 M or lower or 100 M or lower, based on the total volume of the composition.
  • the shikimic acid may be contained at a concentration of 0.1 mM or higher, 0.5 mM or higher, 0.6 mM or higher, 0.7 mM or higher, 0.8 mM or higher or 0.9 mM or higher, and 5 mM or lower, 4 mM or lower, 3 mM or lower, 2 mM or lower, 1.5 mM or lower, 1.4 mM or lower, 1.3 mM or lower, 1.2 mM or lower or 1.1 mM or lower, based on the total volume of the composition.
  • the shikimic acid may be contained at a concentration of 0.8-1.2 mM, based on the total volume of the composition. Most specifically, the shikimic acid may be contained at a concentration of 1 mM, based on the total volume of the composition.
  • the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may contain the shikimic acid at a concentration of 0.0001-45% (w/v) based on the total volume of the extract.
  • shikimic acid When the shikimic acid is contained in this range, superior Oct3/4 gene expressing effect, ALP expressing effect and fibroblast proliferation promoting effect may be achieved.
  • the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may contain the shikimic acid at a concentration of 0.001% (w/v) or higher, 0.01% (w/v) or higher, 0.1% (w/v) or higher, 1% (w/v) or higher, 5% (w/v) or higher, 10% (w/v) or higher, 15% (w/v) or higher, 20% (w/v) or higher, 25% (w/v) or higher or 30% (w/v) or higher, and 45% (w/v) or lower, 40% (w/v) or lower, 38% (w/v) or lower, 36% (w/v) or lower, 34% (w/v) or lower, 33% (w/v) or lower or 32% (w/v) or lower, based on the total volume of the extract.
  • the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may contain the shikimic acid at a concentration of 32-34% (w/v), more specifically 32.75% (w/v),
  • the composition may contain the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract at such a concentration that the concentration of the shikimic acid contained in the extract is that described above based on the total volume of the composition.
  • the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may be contained in the composition at a concentration of 0.001 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 0.01 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 0.1 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 1 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 10 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 50 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 100 ⁇ g/mL or higher, 0.3 mg/mL or higher, 0.4 mg/mL or higher, 0.5 mg/mL or higher, 0.6 mg/mL or higher, 0.7 mg/mL or higher, 1 mg/mL or higher, 1.5 mg/mL or higher, 2 mg/mL or higher, 5 mg/mL or higher, 10 mg/mL or higher, 20 mg/mL or higher or 50 mg/mL or higher, and 1 g
  • the concentration of the shikimic acid contained in the plant extract or the plant stem cell extract may be measured using the Waters 1525 ⁇ Binary HPLC Pump and the Gemini 5u C18 110 A column (5 ⁇ m, 4.60 mm ⁇ 250 nm, Phenomenex), using solvent A (water, containing 0.1% TFA) and solvent B (acetonitrile, containing 0.1% TFA) as mobile phases.
  • sequoia includes redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ), giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) or metasequoia ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ).
  • Redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) is a tree of the family Cupressaceae, order Pinales. It grows only in the northwestern coastal California and the southwestern coastal Oregon within the United States and in New Zealand. It lives about 2500-3000 years and is the tallest tree in the world, reaching up to 112 m. It is 2.5-4.5 m in diameter and 50-100 m in height and the bark can be very thick, up to 20-30 cm.
  • the leaves, which are similar to those of yew trees, are 1-3 cm long, with pointed tips and distinct main veins. They are dark green above and whitish below.
  • Giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) is the sole living species in the genus Sequoiadendron . It grows in the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, at 1500-2500 m above the sea level. It reaches 3.5-6 m in diameter and 60-90 m in height and the diameter near the root is around 10 m.
  • the leaves are similar to those of cedar. They are about 1 cm long and arranged spirally. But, the leaves on mature branches are scale-shaped.
  • Metasequoia ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ) is the sole living species in the genus Metasequoia , family Cupressaceae. It grows up to 35 m in height. The grayish brown bark is vertically fissured. The branches spread sideways and the leaves are opposite, 10-23 mm in length and 1.5-2 mm in width. The pointed leaves turn reddish brown in fall. The flowers bloom moneciously in February to March. The male flowers hang in racemes from the tip of the branches at the axils and have 20 stamens. The female flowers hang on the tip of the branches and bloom in March. The cones are globose, 18-25 mm in length. They ripen brown and produce winged oval seeds. The deciduous conifer tree is native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces of China and is distributed in Korea, China, etc. It is mainly planted as park trees.
  • a callus refers to a mass of undifferentiated, unorganized parenchyma cells, a typical example of which is a tumor tissue formed from a meristematic tissue around a plant wound.
  • the plant tissues are largely divided into the meristematic tissues which show cell division and the permanent tissues which do not.
  • a callus is formed initially. Then, an adventitious embryo is formed and it is differentiated into a plant organ.
  • the callus is commonly called “plant stem cells”.
  • the ‘extract’ includes any substance extracted from a natural product, regardless of extraction method, extraction solvent, extracted components or type of extract. It is used in a broad concept, including the substance obtained by processing or treating otherwise the extract.
  • the sequoia may be used in the form of an extract, a pulverization product of the plant or a dried pulverization product of the plant, although not being limited thereto.
  • the sequoia used in the present disclosure is not limited as to how it is obtained. It may be either cultivated or purchased commercially and may be the aerial part, underground part or both of sequoia .
  • the aerial part may include the fruit, leaf and stem of sequoia and the underground part may include the root, although not being limited thereto.
  • the ‘plant extract’ includes any substance extracted from the plant such as sequoia , regardless of extraction method, extraction solvent, extracted components or type of extract. It is used in a broad concept, including the substance extracted by treating with heat, an acid, a base, an enzyme, etc. as well as the substance obtained by processing or treating otherwise the extract of sequoia.
  • the ‘plant stem cell extract’ includes any substance obtained by culturing the plant stem cells of sequoia , etc. and extracting its active ingredients, regardless of extraction method, extraction solvent, extracted components, type of extract, etc. It is used in a broad concept, including any substance extracted from the active ingredients of the plant stem cells of sequoia , etc. by treating with heat, an acid, a base, an enzyme, etc. as well as the substance obtained by processing or treating otherwise the extract of sequoia.
  • the method of the present disclosure includes a step of culturing plant stem cells or induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods and preparing an extract therefrom, which may be conducted by a method known in the art. For example, after culturing plant stem cells or induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods, they may be treated with a protease and then the supernatant may be collected. Alternatively, plant stem cells may be incubated at 65° C. for 2 hours and then filtered to extract the proteins derived from each cell or shikimic acid. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a callus powder may be used.
  • the sequoia callus extract may be obtained through i) a step of inducing a callus from sequoia ; ii) step of establishing a stem cell line by culturing the callus in a solid medium; iii) a step of producing active ingredients in large scale by suspension culturing the cell line; and iv) a step of extracting the produced active ingredients.
  • the extraction of the active ingredients from the sequoia callus may be performed by culturing of a cell line derived from a tissue explant of the plant as described in Korean Patent Publication No. 2007-0113193.
  • a stabilized plant cell line derived from sequoia may be extracted using a mixture of a C 5 or lower alcohol, although not being limited thereto.
  • the sequoia callus extract or the sequoia callus powder used in in the present disclosure may be purchased commercially.
  • the sequoia callus extract may be prepared by dissolving a sequoia callus powder in a solvent.
  • the solvent may include one or more selected from a group consisting of water, an organic solvent and a mixture of water and an organic solvent.
  • the water may include distilled water or purified water and the organic solvent may include an alcohol such as a C 1 -C 5 lower alcohol, one or more selected from a group consisting of acetone, ether, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone and chloroform, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, a mixture solvent of butylene glycol (BG) and ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), etc., although not being limited thereto.
  • an alcohol such as a C 1 -C 5 lower alcohol, one or more selected from a group consisting of acetone, ether, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone and chloroform, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, a mixture solvent of buty
  • a high-concentration protein extract can be prepared using the existing protein extraction method.
  • the concentration of the shikimic acid or the protein extract derived from the plant may be specifically 10 ⁇ g/mL to 1 mg/mL, more specifically about 500 ⁇ g/mL, based on the total volume of the composition containing the extract.
  • concentration of the protein extract is outside the above range, the efficiency of inducing the induced pluripotent stem cells may decrease or the cells treated with the extract may die.
  • the method of the present disclosure includes a step of injecting a protein extract isolated from plant stem cells or induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods into adult-derived cells.
  • the adult-derived cells may include human dermal fibroblasts or neonatal human dermal fibroblasts.
  • the cells may be permeabilized by treating with a cell membrane permeabilizing agent (e.g., streptolysin O or digitonin), so that the extract can be introduced into the cells.
  • a cell membrane permeabilizing agent e.g., streptolysin O or digitonin
  • the shikimic acid, the plant extract, the plant stem cell extract, the induced pluripotent plant stem extract or the composition is injected into the adult-derived cells through incubation.
  • a method for preparing pluripotent stem cells may include:
  • the step of injecting the shikimic acid, the extract or the composition into the adult-derived cells may include:
  • the method of the present disclosure includes a step of preparing pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem cells by culturing the cells into which the shikimic acid, the extract or the composition has been injected.
  • the method of the present disclosure may further include, after culturing the adult-derived cells into which the shikimic acid, the extract or the composition has been injected using a normal cell culture medium, a step of further culturing them after transferring to a feeder cell layer
  • the adult-derived cells may be cultured using a normal cell culture medium (DMEM, 5-15% FBS, 10-100 U/mL penicillin, 20-80 mg/mL streptomycin) until a colony is formed. After the colony has been formed, the cells may be transferred to a feeder cell layer and then subcultured in an embryonic stem cell culture medium with 5-8 day intervals while replacing the medium every day.
  • DMEM normal cell culture medium
  • the feeder cells used in the present disclosure may include STO cells, although not being limited thereto.
  • the pluripotent stem cells induced by the extract may be cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium)/F12 supplemented with 15-25% KSR (knockout serum replacement), 1-4 mM L-glutamine, 0.05-0.2 mM nonessential amino acids, 0.05-0.2 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 30-70 U/mL penicillin, 30-70 mg/mL streptomycin and 1-30 ⁇ g/mL bFGF.
  • concentration of the compounds added to the DMEM can vary within the range at which the effect of the present disclosure can be achieved.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for inducing induced pluripotent stem cells, including:
  • pluripotent stem cells which are hardly distinguishable from embryonic stem cells can be prepared from adult-derived cells using shikimic acid, a plant extract, plant stem cells, an extract of induced pluripotent plant stem cells induced by various methods or a composition containing the same.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have confirmed that pluripotent stem cells are induced by the method of the present disclosure.
  • the pluripotent stem cells induced by the method of the present disclosure are almost identical to embryonic stem cells in shape (see FIG. 4 ).
  • investigation of the expression of the genes specific for embryonic stem cells revealed that the genes are expressed in the pluripotent stem cells induced by the method of the present disclosure as in the embryonic stem cells (see FIG. 7 and FIG. 10 ).
  • the present disclosure provides induced pluripotent stem cells induced by the method according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have confirmed self-renewal, which is characteristic of stem cells, by performing subculturing 8-12 times using the method of the present disclosure (see FIG. 6 ).
  • the present disclosure provides a composition containing the pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a composition containing one or more of shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid as an active ingredient.
  • the composition may be a pharmaceutical composition, a food composition or a cosmetic composition.
  • the composition may be a composition for activating stem cells, regenerating skin or anti-aging.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a method for activating stem cells, including a step of administering shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them to an individual in need of activation of stem cells.
  • the administration may be performed according to the administration method or administration dose described in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a method for regenerating skin, including a step of administering shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them to an individual in need of skin regeneration.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a method for anti-aging, including a step of administering shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them to an individual in need of anti-aging.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a use of shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them for activation of stem cells, skin regeneration or anti-aging.
  • the present disclosure may relate to shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them for use in activation of stem cells, skin regeneration or anti-aging.
  • the composition may be a cell therapy agent.
  • the cell therapy agent may be used for generation of hepatocytes, adipocytes, bone cells, cartilage cells, muscle cells, neurons, cardiac muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, etc.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a method for cell therapy, including a step of administering shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them to an individual in need of cell therapy.
  • the present disclosure may relate to a use of shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them for cell therapy.
  • the present disclosure may relate to shikimic acid, a plant extract containing shikimic acid and a plant stem cell extract containing shikimic acid or a composition containing one or more of them for use in cell therapy.
  • the term ‘cell therapy agent’ refers to cells or tissues isolated from human and prepared as a medication through culturing and special operation for use in treatment, diagnosis and prevention (USFDA definition). It is used for the purpose of treatment, diagnosis and prevention by proliferating and screening living autologous, homologous or heterologous cells ex vivo or otherwise changing the biological properties of the cells to restore the function of cells or tissues.
  • the cell therapy agents are largely classified into somatic cell therapy agents and stem cell therapy agents based on the degree of differentiation of the cells.
  • the present disclosure relates particularly to the stem cell therapy agent.
  • the present disclosure provides a food composition, which contains the shikimic acid or the plant extract, the plant stem cell extract or the pluripotent stem cells containing shikimic acid according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the composition may contain other ingredients within a range not negatively affecting the main effect desired by the present disclosure.
  • additives such as a fragrance, a pigment, a sterilizer, an antioxidant, a preservative, a humectant, a thickener, a mineral, an emulsifier, a synthetic polymer, etc. may be further included for improvement of physical properties.
  • the food composition may include a health food composition, a functional food composition, a nutritional supplement composition, a processed food composition, a food additive composition, etc., although not being limited thereto.
  • the present disclosure provides a cosmetic composition, which contains the shikimic acid or the plant extract, the plant stem cell extract or the pluripotent stem cells containing shikimic acid according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the cosmetic composition contains a cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable medium or matrix.
  • the cosmetic composition may be in any form which is topically applicable, e.g., a solution, a gel, a solid, an anhydrous paste, an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a multiemulsion, a suspension, a microemulsion, a microcapsule, an ionic (liposome) or nonionic vesicular dispersion, a foam, an aerosol further containing a compressed propellant or a patch.
  • These compositions may be prepared according to the methods commonly employed in the art.
  • the cosmetic composition may further contain, in addition to the above-described substances, other ingredients that may provide a synergic effect to the main effect within a range not negatively affecting the main effect.
  • the other ingredients may be selected by those skilled in the art without difficulty depending on the formulation type or purpose of use.
  • the cosmetic composition of the present disclosure may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, other ingredients commonly mixed in a cosmetic composition.
  • Examples include a fat, an oil, a humectant, an emollient, a surfactant, an organic or inorganic pigment, an organic powder, a UV absorbent, a preservative, a sterilizer, an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a thickener, glycerin, a pH control agent, an alcohol, a pigment, a fragrance, a blood circulation accelerator, a coolant, an antiperspirant, purified water, etc.
  • the other ingredients that may be contained in the cosmetic composition are not limited thereto and the amount thereof may be determined within a range not negatively affecting the purpose and effect of the present disclosure.
  • the formulation type of the cosmetic composition is not particularly limited and may be selected adequately depending on purposes.
  • it may be prepared into one or more formulation selected from a group consisting of a softening lotion, a nourishing lotion, an essence, a nourishing cream, a massage cream, a pack, a gel, a makeup base, a foundation, a powder, a lipstick, a patch, a spray, an eye cream, an eye essence, a cleansing cream, a cleansing foam, a cleansing water, a cleanser, a hair shampoo, a hair conditioner, a hair treatment product, a hair essence, a hair lotion, a scalp and hair tonic, a scalp essence, a hair gel, a hair spray, a hair pack, a body lotion, a body cream, a body oil and a body essence, although not being limited thereto.
  • the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition, which contains the shikimic acid or the plant extract, the plant stem cell extract or the pluripotent stem cells containing shikimic acid according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may further contain, in addition to the active ingredient, pharmaceutical adjuvants or other therapeutically useful substances such as a preservative, a stabilizer, a wetting agent, an emulsifier, a salt and/or buffer for control of osmotic pressure, a diluent (e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose or glycine), a lubricant (e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid and a magnesium or calcium salt thereof or polyethylene glycol), a binder (e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • it may further contain other pharmaceutical additives such as a disintegrant, e.g., starch, agar, alginic acid or a sodium salt thereof, an absorbent, a colorant, a flavor, a sweetener, etc.
  • a disintegrant e.g., starch, agar, alginic acid or a sodium salt thereof, an absorbent, a colorant, a flavor, a sweetener, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be prepared into formulations for oral or parenteral administration according to commonly employed methods.
  • Formulations for oral administration may include, for example, a tablet, a fill, a hard/soft capsule, a liquid, a suspension, an emulsion, a syrup, a powder, a dust, a fine granule, a granule, a pellet, etc.
  • These formulations may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, a surfactant, a diluent (e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and glycine), a lubricant (e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid and a magnesium or calcium salt thereof and polyethylene glycol).
  • a surfactant e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and glycine
  • a lubricant e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid and a
  • a tablet may contain a binder such as magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone and may further contain, in some cases, pharmaceutical additives, e.g., a disintegrant such as starch, agar, alginic acid or a salt thereof, an absorbent, a colorant, a flavor, a sweetener, etc.
  • the tablet may be prepared by commonly employed mixing, granulation or coating methods.
  • Formulations for parenteral administration may include, for example, an injection, a drop, an ointment, a lotion, a gel, a cream, a spray, a suspension, an emulsion, a suppository, a patch, etc., although not being limited thereto.
  • composition according to an aspect of the present disclosure may be administered parenterally, e.g., rectally, topically, transdermally, subcutaneously, etc.
  • the composition is prepared to be suitable for each formulation.
  • a composition for intravenous injection is prepared with very high purity by excluding any unsuitable additive.
  • An administration dosage of the active ingredient will vary depending on the age, gender and body weight of a subject to be treated, the particular disease or pathological condition to be treated, administration route or the discretion of a diagnoser. The determination of the administration dosage considering these factors is within the level of those skilled in the art. Specifically, a general administration dose is from 30 ⁇ g/mL to 1 mg/mL, although not being limited thereto.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing the pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method according to the present disclosure may be used as an injection.
  • the pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method according to the present disclosure may be injected into the skin similarly to Botox, which is used to remove wrinkles, to activate skin stem cells and promote proliferation of skin cells, thereby resulting in skin generation, anti-aging, improvement of skin elasticity and improvement of wrinkles.
  • the present disclosure provides a reagent or medium composition for use in experiments, which contains the shikimic acid or the plant extract, the plant stem cell extract or the pluripotent stem cells containing shikimic acid according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a callus powder was used as a plant-derived stem cell extract.
  • the callus powder that can be used in the present disclosure is not particularly limited and a commercially available one may also be used.
  • a sequoia callus extract is obtained by inducing a callus from the leaf of sequoia , establishing a stem cell line by culturing the callus in a solid medium and producing active ingredients in large quantities through suspension culturing and then extracting the same.
  • the extraction of the active ingredients from the sequoia callus can be performed by culturing of the cell line derived from the tissue explant of the plant as described in Korean Patent Publication No. 2007-0113193.
  • a stabilized plant cell line derived from sequoia may be extracted by dissolving in a mixture of a C 5 or lower alcohol, although not being limited thereto.
  • a sequoia callus powder commercially purchased from BIO-FD&C was used. Specifically, human dermal fibroblasts were separated into individual cells using trypsin-EDTA and then washed with cold PBS (phosphate buffered saline). The resulting cell pellets were resuspended in cold Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -free HBSS (Hank's balanced salt solution) with 100,000 cells/100 ⁇ L and then transferred to a 1.5-mL tube. After centrifuging at 120 g for 5 minutes at 4° C.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • digitonin (20 ⁇ g/mL) and 200 ⁇ L of a transport solution (110 mM potassium acetate, 5 mM sodium acetate, 2 mM magnesium acetate, 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT, protease inhibitor cocktail, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.3) may be added instead of the SLO.
  • a transport solution 110 mM potassium acetate, 5 mM sodium acetate, 2 mM magnesium acetate, 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT, protease inhibitor cocktail, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.3
  • the sample was incubated in a water bath at 37° C. for 50 minutes while mixing up and down with 10-minute intervals. After the incubation, the sample was placed on ice and centrifugation was carried out at 120 g for 5 minutes at 4° C. using a horizontal swing-out rotor after adding 200 ⁇ L of cold HBSS.
  • the resulting cell pellets were resuspended in 200 ⁇ L of a plant stem cell extract with 1000 cells/1 ⁇ L.
  • a callus powder was used as the plant stem cell extract (500 ⁇ g/mL).
  • 1 mM nucleotide triphosphate and ATP regeneration system (10 mM creatine phosphate and 25 g/mL creatine kinase)
  • incubation was conducted in a water bath at 37° C. for 1 hour while mixing up and down with 10-minute intervals.
  • 1 mL of an ES medium containing 2 mM CaCl 2 was added and incubation was conducted in a 37° C. incubator for 2 hours for reconstitution of the plasma membrane.
  • the cell pellets were resuspended in an embryonic stem cell culture medium and then seeded onto a dish coated with 0.1% gelatin.
  • Pluripotent Cells Such as Embryonic Stem Cells by Culturing Extract-Injected Cells
  • the extract-injected cells were incubated in a normal cell culture medium wherein DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) was supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 U/mL penicillin and 50 mg/mL streptomycin in an incubator maintained at 37° C. and 5% CO 2 .
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
  • the adult-derived cells human-derived dermal fibroblasts into which the plant stem cell extract (callus powder) was injected were cultured on a dish coated with 0.1% gelatin.
  • the medium was replaced after the first two days. After culturing for 10 days while replacing the medium every day, the cells were transferred to a feeder cell (STO cell) layer treated with mitomycin C (MMC) at a ratio of 1:2.
  • STO cell feeder cell
  • MMC mitomycin C
  • the cells were transferred to a new feeder cell layer with 7-day intervals while replacing DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium)/F12 supplemented with 20% KSR (knockout serum replacement), 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 0.1 mM 3-mercaptoethanol, 50 U/mL penicillin, 50 mg/mL streptomycin and 10 ⁇ g/mL bFGF every day. It took about 21 days on average to culture induced stem cells necessary for analysis.
  • FIG. 1 schematically describes an experimental procedure of inducing pluripotent stem cells according to the method of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 2-4 show induced pluripotent stem cells observed on days 5, 10 and 32 after culturing, respectively.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a result of alkaline phosphatase staining on days 32 and 50 after culturing, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase staining was carried out using a commonly used staining kit.
  • the pluripotent stem cells induced according to the method of the present disclosure showed a positive result (violet) for the alkaline phosphatase staining, which is characteristic of embryonic stem cells.
  • the pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) induced by the method of the present disclosure showed expression of the Nanog and Oct3/4 genes, which are characteristic of embryonic stem cells (hES).
  • the sequoia callus extract prepared using the mixture solvent of BG and EtOH was subjected to compositional analysis by HPLC.
  • compositional analysis of the extract was performed using the Waters 1525 ⁇ Binary HPLC pump and the Gemini 5u C18 110 A column (5 ⁇ m, 4.6 mm ⁇ 250 nm, Phenomenex).
  • Solvent A water, containing 0.1% TFA
  • solvent B acetonitrile, containing 0.1% TFA
  • Measurement was carried out with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, a run time of 46 minutes and an extract injection volume of 20 ⁇ L.
  • the LC spectrum of the sequoia extract is shown in FIG. 8 and the analysis result is given in Table 1.
  • % Area denotes the percentage (%, w/v) of the substance contained the sequoia extract. It can be seen that the sequoia callus extract contains shikimic acid in a larger amount than any other substance. It can be also seen that the sequoia callus extract contains, in addition to the shikimic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid.
  • 5 ⁇ 10 5 neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF-Neonatal) (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with a permeabilization buffer and 10 ⁇ g/mL digitonin and then with the 20 ⁇ g/mL sequoia callus extract (mixture solvent of BG and EtOH) of Example 4 or 5 ⁇ g/mL shikimic acid, respectively.
  • Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group.
  • the cells (5,000 cells) were attached on a 4-chamber slide.
  • the HDF treated with the sequoia callus extract of Example 4 showed increased expression of the Oct3/4 gene as compared to the normal HDF (negative control), which was higher than those treated with shikimic acid.
  • the percentage of the cells positive for the Oct3/4 gene was the highest as 33% for the sequoia callus extract extracted with a mixture solvent of BG (butylene glycol) and EtOH, which was higher than that for shikimic acid.
  • NHDF-Neonatal 1 ⁇ 10 6 neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF-Neonatal) (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with 10 ⁇ M or 10 mM shikimic acid, respectively. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group.
  • the cells 5,000 cells
  • the cells were attached on a 4-chamber slide. 3 days later, i.e., on day 8, the cells were fixed with 3.8% formaldehyde in PBS (diluted from 38% paraformaldehyde) and kept at room temperature for 10 minutes.
  • the HDF treated with shikimic acid showed increased expression of the Oct3/4 gene as compared to the untreated normal HDF.
  • the Oct3/4 gene expression increased with the concentration of shikimic acid.
  • the percentage of the cells positive for the Oct3/4 gene was 27-29% on average when treated with the shikimic acid in water. The value was significantly higher as compared to the untreated group.
  • the shikimic acid which is the main ingredient of the sequoia callus extract is effective in increasing the expression of the Oct3/4 gene which plays a critical role in inducing induced pluripotent stem cells. Accordingly, by injecting the shikimic acid or the extract containing the same according to the present disclosure into somatic cells, the induction of induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced through expression of the Oct3/4 gene.
  • ALP Stem Cell Marker Alkaline Phosphatase
  • NHDF-Neonatal 5 ⁇ 10 5 NHDF-Neonatal (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with a permeabilization buffer and 10 ⁇ g/mL digitonin and then with the 20 ⁇ g/mL sequoia callus extract (mixture solvent of BG and EtOH) of Example 4 or 5 ⁇ g/mL shikimic acid, respectively. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group. On day 6 after the treatment, the cells (5,000 cells) were attached on a 12-well plate. 5 days later, i.e., on day 11, the cells were fixed with 3.8% formaldehyde in PBS and kept at room temperature for 15 minutes.
  • the cells were treated with 200 ⁇ L of the NBT/BCIP® ALP substrate solution diluted in 10 mL of ALP buffer, with 0.5 mL each time. 20 hours later, the cells were observed under the Olympus CKX41 optical microscope at 40 ⁇ magnification. The result is shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the HDF treated with the sequoia callus extract showed a larger stained area than the normal HDF, suggesting that the expression of ALP was increased remarkably. Also, it can be seen that the cells treated with the sequoia callus extract showed higher ALP expression than those treated with the shikimic acid.
  • ALP is begin to be expressed 3 day after the genes such as Oct4 are expressed in the cells. It is a marker known to play an important role in the early stage of formation of dedifferentiated stem cells. Therefore, when the sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure is injected into somatic cells, the expression of ALP increases remarkably and the Oct4 gene is expressed. Accordingly, induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced.
  • the sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure exhibits a remarkable effect of activating stem cells by promoting the expression of the stem cell marker ALP.
  • ALP Stem Cell Marker Alkaline Phosphatase
  • NHDF-Neonatal 1 ⁇ 10 6 NHDF-Neonatal (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with 10 ⁇ M or 10 mM shikimic acid, respectively. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group.
  • the cells 100,000 cells
  • the cells were attached on a 6-well plate. 7 days later, i.e., on day 12, the cells were fixed with 3.8% formaldehyde in PBS and kept at room temperature for 15 minutes. Then, the cells were treated with 200 ⁇ L of the NBT/BCIP® ALP substrate solution diluted in 10 mL of ALP buffer, with 0.5 mL each time. 20 hours later, the cells were observed under the Olympus CKX41 optical microscope at 40 ⁇ magnification. The result is shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the HDF treated with the shikimic acid showed a larger area stained deep blue than the normal HDF, suggesting that the expression of ALP was increased remarkably. Also, it can be seen that the cells treated with the shikimic acid showed higher ALP expression than those treated with the shikimic acid.
  • ALP is begin to be expressed 3 day after the genes such as Oct4 are expressed in the cells. It is a marker known to play an important role in the early stage of formation of dedifferentiated stem cells. Therefore, when the shikimic acid and a plant extract containing the same according to the present disclosure is injected into somatic cells, the expression of ALP increases remarkably and the Oct4 gene is expressed. Accordingly, induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced.
  • NHDF-Neonatal 5 ⁇ 10 5 NHDF-Neonatal (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with a permeabilization buffer and 10 ⁇ g/mL digitonin and then with the 100 ppm or 200 ppm sequoia callus extract (mixture solvent of BG and EtOH) of Example 4, which had been filtered through a 0.4- ⁇ m filter, and a 20 ppm DMSO solution. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group. On day 10 after subculturing, the cells (200 cells) were attached on a 60-mm plate. On day 23, the cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and then fixed with ice-cold methanol kept at ⁇ 20° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the cells were stained by treating for 5-10 minutes with a working solution, which had been prepared by diluting 1% crystal violet in an ethanol stock solution 1/10 with PBS, washed 4 times with PBS and then imaged.
  • a working solution which had been prepared by diluting 1% crystal violet in an ethanol stock solution 1/10 with PBS
  • the cells were eluted by treating with an elution buffer consisting of 50% ethanol, 40% DW, and 10% acetic acid for 5 minutes.
  • absorbance was measured at 580 nm after transferring 200 ⁇ L of the cells to a 96-well plate.
  • the obtained images are shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the result of absorbance measurement relative to the negative control group is shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the cells treated with the sequoia callus extract showed a larger stained area than the negative control group NHDF-Neonatal, suggesting that the dermal cells differentiated actively and formed a large colony.
  • the cells treated with the sequoia callus extract showed about 2.6 times increased colony-forming ability as compared to the negative control group, which is statistically significant.
  • the cells treated with the shikimic acid showed increase of about 3.8 times as compared to the negative control group.
  • the sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure remarkably promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts.
  • the sequoia extract according to the present disclosure promotes skin regeneration by remarkably promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts.
  • NHDF-Neonatal 1 ⁇ 10 6 NHDF-Neonatal (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were treated with 10 ⁇ M, 50 ⁇ M, 100 ⁇ M, 1 mM or 10 mM shikimic acid, respectively. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group.
  • the cells 200 cells were attached on a 60-mm plate.
  • the cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and then fixed with ice-cold methanol kept at ⁇ 20° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the cells were stained by treating for 5-10 minutes with a working solution, which had been prepared by diluting 1% crystal violet in an ethanol stock solution 1/10 with PBS, washed 4 times with PBS and then imaged.
  • a working solution which had been prepared by diluting 1% crystal violet in an ethanol stock solution 1/10 with PBS
  • the cells were eluted by treating with an elution buffer consisting of 50% ethanol, 40% DW, and 10% acetic acid for 5 minutes.
  • absorbance was measured at 580 nm after transferring 200 ⁇ L of the cells to a 96-well plate.
  • the obtained images are shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the result of absorbance measurement relative to the negative control group is shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the cells treated with the shikimic acid showed a larger stained area than the negative control group NHDF-Neonatal, suggesting that the dermal cells differentiated actively and formed a large colony.
  • the cells treated with the shikimic acid showed about 1.27-5.06 times increased colony-forming ability as compared to the negative control group, which is statistically significant.
  • the cells treated with 1 mM shikimic acid showed the most increase in colony-forming ability. Therefore, it can be seen that treatment with 1 mM shikimic acid leads to the most promotion of cellular proliferation.
  • the shikimic acid according to the present disclosure remarkably promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts.
  • the shikimic acid according to the present disclosure promotes skin regeneration by remarkably promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts.
  • NHDF-Neonatal 2,000 NHDF-Neonatal (CC-2509, Lonza, USA) were attached on a 96-well plate. The next day, the cells were treated with the 20 ⁇ g/mL sequoia callus extract (mixture solvent of BG and EtOH) of Example 4 and 5 ⁇ g/mL shikimic acid. Untreated NHDF-Neonatal were used as a negative control group. Then, we were subculturing it for 7 days (as confluency becomes to 90% or below on 7 th day). After 6 days later, 10 ⁇ L of WST-1 was treated and absorbance was measured at 450 nm. The result relative to the negative control group is shown in FIG. 18 .
  • treatment with the sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure resulted in about 1.5 times or more increased cell division as compared to the negative control group, which is statistically significant.
  • the shikimic acid resulted in 2 times increased cell division as compared to the normal control group.
  • the sequoia callus extract according to the present disclosure promotes the cell division of fibroblasts remarkably.
  • the sequoia extract according to the present disclosure promotes skin regeneration by remarkably promoting the cell division of fibroblasts.
  • a soft capsule sheet was prepared from 66 parts by weight of gelatin, 24 parts by weight of glycerin and 10 parts by weight of a sorbitol solution and the mixture was filled therein to prepare a soft capsule in which 400 mg of the composition according to the present disclosure is contained.
  • a softening lotion was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 5.
  • a nourishing lotion was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 6.
  • a nourishing cream was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 7.
  • a massage cream was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 8.
  • a pack was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 9.
  • a health food was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 10.
  • composition of the mixture of vitamins and minerals is only exemplary and may be changed as desired.
  • a health drink was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 11.
  • the above ingredients were mixed and heated at 85° C. for about 1 hour under stirring.
  • the resulting solution was filtered and sterilized.
  • An injection containing pluripotent stem cells was prepared according to a commonly employed method as described in Table 12.

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