US20140338824A1 - Apparatus and method for manufacturing composite membrane - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for manufacturing composite membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140338824A1
US20140338824A1 US14/280,763 US201414280763A US2014338824A1 US 20140338824 A1 US20140338824 A1 US 20140338824A1 US 201414280763 A US201414280763 A US 201414280763A US 2014338824 A1 US2014338824 A1 US 2014338824A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte membrane
roller
thin film
suction roller
manufacturing
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Abandoned
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US14/280,763
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshinori Takagi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Screen Holdings Co Ltd
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Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co Ltd
Assigned to DAINIPPON SCREEN MFG. CO., LTD. reassignment DAINIPPON SCREEN MFG. CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TAKAGI, YOSHINORI
Publication of US20140338824A1 publication Critical patent/US20140338824A1/en
Assigned to SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. reassignment SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAINIPPON SCREEN MFG. CO., LTD.
Priority to US16/049,276 priority Critical patent/US10505200B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H01M8/0291—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/005—Producing membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8896—Pressing, rolling, calendering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/18—Fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
    • B32B37/0053—Constructional details of laminating machines comprising rollers; Constructional features of the rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
    • B32B37/203—One or more of the layers being plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • B32B38/004—Heat treatment by physically contacting the layers, e.g. by the use of heated platens or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a composite membrane, such as a catalyst-coated membrane for a fuel cell, having a functional layer formed on a band-like thin film.
  • a fuel cell is a power generation system that generates electric power through electrochemical reaction between hydrogen (H 2 ) contained in the fuel and oxygen (O 2 ) in the air, and is characterized by high power generation efficiency and low environmental load.
  • PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
  • electrolyte membrane ion-exchange membrane
  • a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a composite membrane having catalyst layers formed on both sides of a thin film of an electrolyte as functional layers.
  • a gas diffusion layer and a separator are disposed on the opposite sides of the catalyst-coated membrane, and thereby, a unit cell is formed.
  • Such a catalyst-coated membrane is made by applying, to the surface of the electrolyte membrane, an electrode ink (electrode paste) obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing platinum (Pt) in a solvent such as alcohol.
  • the electrolyte membrane has the tendency of undergoing swelling and shrinkage by easily absorbing the solvent contained in the electrode ink and moisture in the atmosphere.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open-No. 2001-70863 discloses a technique for transporting an electrolyte membrane while sucking the electrolyte membrane using a suction heating roller, and immediately heating and drying the electrode ink applied to the electrolyte membrane, thereby inhibiting deformation of the electrolyte membrane.
  • US2007/0190253 discloses a technique for spray applying an electrode ink to an electrolyte membrane that is sucked on a roller, and drying the electrode ink by heating with a roller.
  • 2011-165460 discloses suspending an electrolyte membrane having a shape-retaining film attached to its one side on a backup roller, applying a catalyst ink onto the other side of the electrolyte membrane, and also attaching a shape-retaining film to the other side of the electrolyte membrane on which a catalyst layer has been formed after the catalyst ink was dried, thereby preventing creases from being generated in the electrolyte membrane.
  • the electrolyte membrane is simply suspended on the backup roller, and therefore, there is the possibility that the electrolyte membrane may be displaced from the shape-retaining film during coating in the case of applying an electrode ink using a solvent that undergoes a significant degree of swelling. That is, in any case, there is the possibility that the electrolyte membrane may undergo deformation during manufacture of the catalyst-coated membrane.
  • the present invention is directed to an apparatus for manufacturing a composite membrane having a functional layer formed on a band-like thin film.
  • the manufacturing apparatus includes a suction roller that sucks and supports the thin film on an outer surface thereof, a coating part that applies a coating liquid to one side of the thin film that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller, a drying part that is provided to cover a portion of the outer surface of the suction roller and dries the coating liquid applied to the one side of the thin film to form the functional layer, and an attachment part that attaches a band-shaped first supporting member to another side of the thin film on which the functional layer is formed, the attachment part including a first roller that comes into contact with the one side of the thin film and supports the thin film while being in contact with or close to the suction roller, and being configured to attach the first supporting member to the other side of the thin film with the one side of the thin film being in contact with and supported on an outer surface of the first roller.
  • the thin film is continuously supported by the suction roller, the first roller, and the first supporting member, and it is thus possible to inhibit deformation of the thin film throughout transport during and after coating.
  • the manufacturing apparatus further includes a separation part that separates a band-shaped second supporting member from the thin film having the second supporting member attached to the one side thereof, the separation part including a third roller that separates the second supporting member with the other side of the thin film being sucked on the suction roller.
  • the drying part is divided into a plurality of drying zones, and drying temperatures of the plurality of drying zones sequentially increase in order from an upstream side toward a downstream side in a transport direction in which the thin film is transported.
  • the applied coating liquid is gradually dried, making it possible to prevent the occurrence of cracking in the functional layer due to rapid drying.
  • the drying part includes a heat-shielding zone on at least the most upstream side in the transport direction.
  • the manufacturing apparatus further includes an auxiliary drying part that heats the thin film to which the first supporting member is attached by the attachment part.
  • the manufacturing apparatus further includes a cooling part that cools the suction roller.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method for manufacturing a composite membrane having a functional layer formed on a band-like thin film.
  • the manufacturing method includes the steps of (a) sucking and supporting the thin film on an outer surface of a suction roller, (b) applying a coating liquid to one side of the thin film that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller, (c) drying the coating liquid applied to the one side of the thin film to form the functional layer, and (d) attaching a band-shaped first supporting member to another side of said thin film in a state in which the one side of said thin film on which said functional layer is formed is in contact with and supported on an outer surface of a first roller that comes into contact with the one side of said thin film and supports said thin film while being in contact with or close to said suction roller.
  • the thin film is continuously supported by the suction roller, the first roller, and the first supporting member, and it is thus possible to inhibit deformation of the thin film throughout transport during and after coating.
  • the manufacturing method further includes the step of (e) separating a band-shaped second supporting member from the thin film having the second supporting member attached to the one side thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic overall configuration of a manufacturing apparatus for a composite membrane according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a suction roller and a drying furnace
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the suction roller and the drying furnace
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of manufacturing a catalyst-coated membrane performed by the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how a backsheet is separated and an electrolyte membrane is sucked on a suction roller by a first press roller;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which an electrode ink has been intermittently applied to the electrolyte membrane
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane having an electrode ink intermittently applied thereto;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane having a catalyst layer formed thereon;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing how a support film is attached to the electrolyte membrane by a second press roller and a third press roller;
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a manufacturing apparatus for a composite membrane according to a second preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane with a backsheet that has been unwound from an electrolyte membrane unwinding roller in the second preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane having an electrode ink intermittently applied to a side opposite to the side corresponding to the catalyst layer;
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane having catalyst layers formed on both sides;
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane having a support film attached thereto.
  • FIG. 16 is a side view of a manufacturing apparatus for a composite membrane according to a third preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane having a support film attached to a second side of an electrolyte membrane having catalyst layers laminated on a first side thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic overall configuration of a manufacturing apparatus 1 for a composite membrane according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the manufacturing apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 .
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 for a composite membrane is an apparatus for manufacturing a catalyst-coated membrane 5 for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell by applying an electrode ink (electrode paste) to the surface of an electrolyte membrane 2 , which is a band-like thin film, and drying the electrode ink to form a catalyst layer (electrode) as a functional layer on the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • an electrode ink electrode paste
  • FIG. 1 and the subsequent drawings each show an XYZ Cartesian coordinate system in which the Z-axis direction is the vertical direction and the XY plane is the horizontal plane.
  • the dimensions and the numbers of various components are exaggerated or simplified in FIG. 1 and the subsequent drawings.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 includes, as its main constituent elements, a separation part 10 that separates a backsheet 6 from the electrolyte membrane 2 , a suction roller 20 that transports the electrolyte membrane 2 while sucking and supporting the electrolyte membrane 2 , a coating nozzle 30 that applies an electrode ink to a surface of the electrolyte membrane 2 , a drying furnace 40 that heats and dries the applied electrode ink, and an attachment part 50 that attaches a support film to the electrolyte membrane 2 that has undergone the drying step.
  • a separation part 10 that separates a backsheet 6 from the electrolyte membrane 2
  • a suction roller 20 that transports the electrolyte membrane 2 while sucking and supporting the electrolyte membrane 2
  • a coating nozzle 30 that applies an electrode ink to a surface of the electrolyte membrane 2
  • a drying furnace 40 that heats and dries the applied electrode ink
  • an attachment part 50 that attaches a support film to the electroly
  • the separation part 10 includes a first press roller 11 (third roller).
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 also includes an electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 , an auxiliary roller 13 , and a backsheet winding roller 14 .
  • the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 around which the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 is wound, continuously sends out the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 it is possible to use fluorine-based or hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membranes that have been used thus far in an application to catalyst-coated membranes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 may be a polymer electrolyte membrane containing perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (e.g., Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by USA DuPont, Flemion (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co. Ltd, Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and Goreselect (registered trademark) manufactured by Gore).
  • perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid e.g., Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by USA DuPont, Flemion (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co. Ltd, Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and Gorese
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 described above is very thin and low in mechanical strength.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 has the characteristics of easily swelling even with a small amount of moisture in the air, and also shrinking with decreasing humidity, so that it is highly likely to undergo deformation.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 is wound around the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 in order to prevent deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the backsheet 6 it is possible to use a film of a resin material having high mechanical strength and an excellent shape-retaining function, such as PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
  • the initial-state electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 which is wound around the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 , has a film thickness of 5 to 30 ⁇ m and a width of approximately 300 mm at maximum.
  • the film thickness of the backsheet 6 is 25 to 100 ⁇ m, and the width is equal to or slightly greater than the width of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the backsheet 6 is attached to a first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 that has been sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 is suspended on the auxiliary roller 13 and is pressed against the suction roller 20 by the first press roller 11 .
  • the first press roller 11 is supported by a cylinder (not shown) at a position close to and spaced a predetermined interval from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the interval between the first press roller 11 and the outer surface of the suction roller 20 is smaller than the thickness of the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 . Accordingly, a second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is pressed against the suction roller 20 when the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 passes between the first press roller 11 and the suction roller 20 .
  • the force with which the first press roller 11 presses the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 against the suction roller 20 is controlled by adjusting the interval between the first press roller 11 and the suction roller 20 by the above-described cylinder.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked onto the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the backsheet 6 is separated from the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 and is wound by the backsheet winding roller 14 . That is, the first press roller 11 of the separation part 10 serves to separate the backsheet 6 from the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 and to cause the electrolyte membrane 2 to be sucked on the suction roller 20 by pressing the electrolyte membrane 2 against the suction roller 20 .
  • the backsheet winding roller 14 continuously winds the backsheet 6 by being continuously rotated by a motor (not shown), and provides a constant tension to the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 that is transported from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 via the auxiliary roller 13 to the first press roller 11 .
  • the suction roller 20 is a columnar member installed such that its central axis extends along the Y-axis direction.
  • the dimensions of the suction roller 20 are, for example, a height (a length in the Y-axis direction) of 400 mm and a diameter of 400 to 1600 mm.
  • the suction roller 20 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow AR2 shown in FIG. 2 by a motor (not shown) about the central axis along the Y-axis direction as the center of rotation.
  • the suction roller 20 is a porous roller formed of porous carbon or porous ceramics.
  • a sintered body of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or silicon carbide (SiC) can be used as the porous ceramics.
  • the pore diameter of the porous suction roller 20 is 5 ⁇ m or less, and the porosity thereof is in the range of 15 to 50%.
  • the surface roughness of the outer surface (column circumferential surface) of the suction roller 20 is 5 ⁇ m or less in terms of Rz (maximum height), and this value is preferably as small as possible. Additionally, the total runout (fluctuations in the distance from the rotational shaft to the outer surface) of the suction roller 20 during rotation is set to 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the suction roller 20 and the drying furnace 40 .
  • the top surface and/or bottom surface of the suction roller 20 is provided with a suction port 21 .
  • the suction port 21 is sucked by a suction mechanism (e.g., an exhaust pump), which is not shown, and thereby, a negative pressure is applied thereto.
  • the suction roller 20 is porous with a porosity of 15 to 50%.
  • a negative pressure of a predetermined value the pressure for suction from the surrounding atmosphere to the outer surface
  • a negative pressure of 90 kPa or more is applied to the suction port 21 , causing a negative pressure of 10 kPa or more to uniformly act on the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • This enables the suction roller 20 to uniformly suck the electrolyte membrane 2 along the entire width (in the Y-axis direction).
  • the suction roller 20 is also provided with a plurality of water-cooled tubes 22 .
  • the water-cooled tubes 22 are provided in a uniform arrangement density so as to circulate inside the suction roller 20 .
  • the water-cooled tubes 22 are supplied with constant-temperature water adjusted to a predetermined temperature from a water supply mechanism (not shown).
  • the constant-temperature water that has flowed through the inside of the water-cooled tubes 22 is discharged to a drainage mechanism (not shown). By passing the constant-temperature water through the water-cooled tubes 22 , the suction roller 20 is cooled.
  • a coating nozzle 30 is provided so as to oppose the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the coating nozzle 30 is provided on the downstream side of the first press roller 11 in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 .
  • the coating nozzle 30 is a slit nozzle that includes a slit-shaped discharge port at its end (the end on the +X side).
  • the longitudinal direction of the slit-shaped discharge port is the Y-axis direction.
  • the coating nozzle 30 is provided at a position where the slit-shaped discharge port is at a predetermined interval from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 . Additionally, the coating nozzle 30 is provided such that its position and orientation relative to the suction roller 20 can be adjusted by a drive mechanism (not shown).
  • the electrode ink used in the present embodiment contains, for example, catalyst particles, an ion-conducting electrolyte, and a dispersion medium.
  • the catalyst particles may be any known or commercially available catalyst particles without any particular limitations, as long as they can cause a fuel cell reaction in the anode or cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
  • platinum alloy examples include alloys of platinum with at least one selected from the group consisting of ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), iridium (Ir), and iron (Fe), for example.
  • Ru ruthenium
  • Pd palladium
  • Ni nickel
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Ir iridium
  • Fe iron
  • platinum is used as the catalyst particles for the cathode electrode ink
  • any of the above-described platinum alloys is used as the catalyst particles for the anode electrode ink.
  • the catalyst particles may be so-called catalyst-supporting carbon powder in which catalyst fine particles are supported on carbon powder.
  • the average particle diameter of the catalyst-supporting carbon is usually about 10 to 100 nm, preferably about 20 to 80 nm, most preferably about 40 to 50 nm.
  • the carbon powder that supports the catalyst fine particles include carbon blacks such as channel black, furnace black, ketjen black, acetylene black, and lamp black, graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube. They may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • a solvent is added to the above-described catalyst particles to form a paste that can be applied from the slit nozzle.
  • the solvent it is possible to use water or organic solvents including, for example, alcohol-based solvents such as ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, ether-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and fluorine-based solvents.
  • a polyelectrolyte solution having an ion-exchange group is further added to a solution obtained by dispersing the catalyst particles in the solvent.
  • an electrode ink can be obtained by dispersing carbon black that supports 50 wt % of platinum (“TEC10E50E” manufactured by TANAKA KIKINZOKU KOGYO K.K.) in a solution of water, ethanol, propylene glycol, and polyelectrolyte (a Nafion liquid “D2020” manufactured by USA DuPont).
  • the resultant paste mixture is supplied as an electrode ink from the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 to the coating nozzle 30 .
  • the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 includes a tank for storing the above-described electrode ink, a supply tube that openly connects the tank with the coating nozzle 30 , and an open/close valve provided to the supply tube.
  • the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 can continuously supply the electrode ink to the coating nozzle 30 by keeping the open/close valve open, or can intermittently supply the electrode ink to the coating nozzle 30 by repeatedly opening and closing the open/close valve.
  • the electrode ink supplied from the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 is applied from the coating nozzle 30 to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 .
  • the electrode ink is continuously applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 when the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 continuously supplies the electrode ink, and the electrode ink is intermittently applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 when the electrode ink is intermittently supplied.
  • the drying furnace 40 is provided so as to cover a portion of the outer surface of the suction roller 20 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the drying furnace 40 is divided into a total of five zones, including three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 and two heat-shielding zones 44 and 45 . Each of the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 blows hot air towards the outer surface of the suction roller 20 by using a hot air blast from a hot-air blowing part (not shown). The blast of hot air from the drying furnace 40 dries the electrode ink applied to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 are different in the temperature of the blowing hot air.
  • the temperatures of the hot air blown by the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 sequentially increase in order from the upstream side toward the downstream in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 (clockwise on the plane of FIG. 3 ).
  • the hot air temperature of the drying zone 41 on the most upstream side is in the range of room temperature to 40° C.
  • the hot air temperature of the intermediate drying zone 42 is in the range of 40 to 80° C.
  • the hot air temperature of the drying zone 43 on the most downstream is in the range of 50 to 100° C.
  • the two heat-shielding zones 44 and 45 are provided at the opposite ends of the drying zone 41 , 42 , and 43 in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the heat-shielding zone 44 is provided on the upstream side of the drying zone 41
  • the heat-shielding zone 45 is provided on the downstream side of the drying zone 43 .
  • the two heat-shielding zones 44 and 45 suck the atmosphere in the vicinity of the outer surface of the suction roller 20 by using the exhaust gas from an air exhaust part (not shown).
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the suction roller 20 and the drying furnace 40 .
  • the drying furnace 40 is also provided with suction parts 46 and 47 at the opposite ends in the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the suction roller 20 .
  • the suction parts 46 and 47 suck the surrounding atmosphere. This makes it also possible to suck and recover, for example, the hot air and the solvent vapor that are about to leak from the opposite ends of the drying furnace 40 in the width direction.
  • an attachment part 50 is provided on the downstream side of the drying furnace 40 in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 .
  • the attachment part 50 includes a second press roller 51 (first roller) and a third press roller 52 (second roller).
  • the second press roller 51 is supported by a cylinder (not shown) at a position that is close to and spaced a predetermined interval from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the interval between the second press roller 51 and the outer surface of the suction roller 20 is smaller than the thickness of the electrolyte membrane 2 that has undergone the dry process (the total thickness of the electrolyte membrane 2 and the catalyst layer). Accordingly, the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that includes the catalyst layer is pressed against the second press roller 51 when the electrolyte membrane 2 that has undergone the dry process passes between the second press roller 51 and the suction roller 20 .
  • the third press roller 52 is supported by a cylinder (not shown) at a position that is close to and spaced a predetermined interval from the second press roller 51 .
  • the interval between the third press roller 52 and the second press roller 51 is smaller than a value obtained by adding the thickness of the support film 7 , which will be described later, to the total thickness of the electrolyte membrane 2 and the catalyst layer.
  • the first press roller 11 , the second press roller 51 , and the third press roller 52 each may be a metal roller or a resin roller having about the same width as that of the suction roller 20 .
  • the diameters of the first press roller 11 , the second press roller 51 , and the third press roller 52 may be set as appropriate.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 is further provided with a support film unwinding roller 55 and a membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the support film unwinding roller 55 has the support film 7 wound therearound, and continuously sends out that support film 7 .
  • the support film 7 it is possible to use a resin film having high mechanical strength and an excellent shape-retaining function such as a PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) film and a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film.
  • the support film 7 may be the same as the backsheet 6 , and the backsheet 6 that has been separated by the separation part 10 and wound by the backsheet winding roller 14 may be sent out as the support film 7 from the support film unwinding roller 55 .
  • the support film 7 may be a one-side slightly self-adhesive film obtained by applying an adhesive to one side (the side attached to the electrolyte membrane 2 ) of the above resin film.
  • the support film 7 that has been sent out from the support film unwinding roller 55 is suspended on the third press roller 52 . Meanwhile, the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layer formed thereon after the dry process is separated from the suction roller 20 by the second press roller 51 and suspended on the second press roller 51 . Then, the support film 7 is pressed against and attached to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 . Through this step, the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 is manufactured.
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the membrane assembly winding roller 56 winds the catalyst-coated membrane 5 and provides a constant tension to the electrolyte membrane 2 that is suspended on the second press roller 51 away from the suction roller 20 .
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 includes an additional drying furnace 49 between the attachment part 50 and the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 to which the support film 7 has been attached by the attachment part 50 passes through the additional drying furnace 49 before being wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • Any known hot air drying furnace can be used as the additional drying furnace 49 . Finish drying of the catalyst layer is carried out by the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 passing through the inside of the additional drying furnace 49 .
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 also includes an air jetting part 60 .
  • the air jetting part 60 is provided between the attachment part 50 and the separation part 10 .
  • the air jetting part 60 includes a mechanism for jetting air toward the suction roller 20 and a mechanism for sucking the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the air jetted by the air jetting part 60 is cooled to about 5° C., for example. Since the air jetting part 60 is provided between the attachment part 50 and the separation part 10 , it blows air to the outer surface of the suction roller 20 on which the electrolyte membrane 2 is not sucked.
  • the outer surface of the suction roller 20 is cooled by the air jetting part 60 blowing the cooled air to the suction roller 20 .
  • any foreign substance adhering to the outer surface of the suction roller 20 can be removed by the air jetting part 60 blowing air to the suction roller 20 and sucking the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 further includes a control part 90 that controls various mechanisms provided in the apparatus.
  • the hardware configuration of the control part 90 is the same as a commonly used computer. More specifically, the control part 90 includes a CPU that performs various types of computational processing, a ROM that is a read-only memory for storing a basic program, a RAM that is a readable and writable memory for storing various types of information, and a magnetic disk for storing control software, data and the like.
  • the various operation mechanisms provided in the manufacturing apparatus 1 are controlled by the CPU of the control part 90 executing a predetermined processing program, and thereby the manufacturing process of the catalyst-coated membrane 5 proceeds.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure through which the catalyst-coated membrane 5 is manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1 .
  • the following procedure for manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 proceeds by the control part 90 controlling various operation mechanisms of the manufacturing apparatus 1 .
  • the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 unwinds the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 (step S 1 ).
  • the backsheet 6 which is a band-shaped resin film for shape retention, is attached to the electrolyte membrane 2 at the stage of winding the electrolyte membrane 2 during manufacture.
  • the backsheet 6 is attached to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 that has been continuously pulled out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 is suspended on the auxiliary roller 13 and sent out to the first press roller 11 of the separation part 10 .
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how the backsheet 6 is separated and the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked onto the suction roller 20 by the first press roller 11 .
  • the backsheet 6 is separated from the electrolyte membrane 2 at a position between the first press roller 11 and the suction roller 20 , and the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked onto the suction roller 20 .
  • the first press roller 11 presses the electrolyte membrane 2 against the suction roller 20 with a force in such a range that the electrolyte membrane 2 having low strength can be reliably sucked onto the outer surface of the suction roller 20 without being deformed.
  • the first press roller 11 is installed at a position close to and spaced a predetermined interval from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the force with which the first press roller 11 presses the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 against the suction roller 20 is adjustable by changing this interval.
  • the suction roller 20 sucks the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • a negative pressure of 90 kPa or more to the suction port 21 of the suction roller 20 that is formed of porous ceramics having a porosity of 15 to 50%, a negative pressure of 10 kPa or more uniformly acts on the outer surface, regardless of whether the suction roller 20 is sucking the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the suction roller 20 can stably suck and support the electrolyte membrane 2 at a fixed suction pressure, regardless of the size of the width of the electrolyte membrane 2 . Additionally, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to suction by the suction roller 20 .
  • the suction roller 20 since the surface roughness of the outer surface of the suction roller 20 is 5 ⁇ m or less in terms of Rz and the pore diameter of the suction roller 20 is 5 ⁇ m or less, a suction trace resulting from suction support is unlikely to occur in the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the suction roller 20 according to the present embodiment can stably suck and support the electrolyte membrane 2 having fragile mechanical properties without causing deformation or a suction trace.
  • the suction roller 20 sucking and supporting the electrolyte membrane 2 rotates about the central axis extending in the Y-axis direction as the center of rotation, and thereby, the electrolyte membrane 2 from which the backsheet 6 has been separated is transported while being supported on the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the backsheet 6 that has been separated from the electrolyte membrane 2 is wound by the backsheet winding roller 14 .
  • the electrode ink is applied from the coating nozzle 30 to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 (step S 3 ).
  • the electrode ink to be applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell contains, for example, particles of a catalyst such as platinum or a platinum alloy, an ion-conducting electrolyte, and a dispersion medium.
  • the electrode ink to be applied may be either a cathode electrode ink or an anode electrode ink.
  • the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 intermittently supplies the electrode ink to the coating nozzle 30 , thereby intermittently applying the electrode ink from the coating nozzle 30 to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 .
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the electrode ink has been intermittently applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the electrode ink intermittently applied thereto.
  • the electrode ink layers 8 having a constant size are discontinuously formed at predetermined intervals on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 .
  • the interval between the outer surface of the rotating suction roller 20 and the slit-shaped discharge port of the coating nozzle 30 is stable at a substantially constant value.
  • the width of each of the electrode ink layers 8 formed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is defined by the width of the slit-shaped discharge port of the coating nozzle 30 .
  • the length of each of the electrode ink layers 8 is defined by the electrode ink ejection time of the coating nozzle 30 and the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane 2 (i.e., the rotational speed of the suction roller 20 ).
  • the thickness (height) of the electrode ink layers 8 is defined by the distance between the discharge port of the coating nozzle 30 and the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 as well as the ejection flow rate of the ejection electrode ink and the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane 2 . For example, the thickness is in the range of 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the electrode ink is a paste that can be applied from the coating nozzle 30 , and has a degree of viscosity that can maintain the shape of the electrode ink layers 8 on the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are transported to positions opposing the drying furnace 40 by the rotation of the suction roller 20 and are subjected to a dry process (step S 4 ).
  • the dry process of the electrode ink layers 8 is carried out by blowing hot air from the drying furnace 40 to the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are heated to volatilize the solvent component and are dried.
  • the volatilization of the solvent component causes the electrode ink layers 8 to be dried into catalyst layers 9 .
  • the additional drying furnace 49 is provided for the final finish drying, it is sufficient that the electrode ink layers 8 are dried in the drying furnace 40 to the extent that no ink from the catalyst layer 9 will adhere to the second press roller 51 .
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layers 9 formed thereon.
  • the catalyst layers 9 are electrode layers in which catalyst particles of platinum or the like are supported.
  • the catalyst layers 9 are formed as a result of solidification of the solvent component that has been volatilized from the electrode ink layers 8 , and therefore have a thickness smaller than that of the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the thickness of the dried catalyst layers 9 is in the range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the drying furnace 40 includes the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 , and blasts of hot air having different temperatures are blown therefrom. Specifically, the hot air temperature sequentially increases in order from the drying zone 41 located on the most upstream side through the intermediate drying zone 42 to the drying zone 43 on the most downstream side in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 . If the drying furnace 40 is not divided into drying zones and high-temperature hot air is immediately blown to the electrode ink layers 8 immediately after coating, the electrode ink layers 8 will be rapidly dried, which may cause cracking in the surface. This is also the case when the electrode ink layers 8 immediately after coating are rapidly dried with a heater built into the suction roller 20 .
  • the drying furnace 40 is divided into the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 , and the drying temperatures are sequentially increased in order from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 . That is, the drying zone 41 on the most upstream side slightly increases the temperature of the electrode ink layers 8 by blowing hot air having a relatively low temperature to the electrode ink layers 8 immediately after coating. Next, the intermediate drying zone 42 gradually dries the electrode ink layers 8 by blowing hot air having a rather high temperature. Then, the drying zone 43 on the most downstream side strongly dries the electrode ink layers 8 by blowing high-temperature hot air. By gradually increasing the drying temperature in this way to dry the electrode ink layer 8 stepwise, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracking during the dry process.
  • the dry process time is about 60 seconds, for example.
  • the dry process time is a total time required for a single electrode ink layer 8 to pass through the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 .
  • the diameter of the suction roller 20 is 400 mm and the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 cover halfway around the outer surface of the suction roller 20
  • the length of the drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 is about 628 mm.
  • the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane 2 may be set to 10.4 mm/sec.
  • the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane 2 is defined by the rotational speed of the suction roller 20 .
  • the drying furnace 40 further includes the heat-shielding zone 44 on the most upstream side and the heat-shielding zone 45 on the most downstream side in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • This makes it possible to prevent the hot air blown out from the drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 from flowing beyond the drying furnace 40 to the upstream and downstream sides of the suction roller 20 .
  • As a result it is possible to prevent unnecessarily heating of the coating nozzle 30 located on the upstream side of the drying furnace 40 and the attachment part 50 located on the downstream side.
  • the drying furnace 40 is also provided with the suction parts 46 and 47 , which make it possible to prevent hot air from flowing out to the surroundings of the drying furnace 40 and to prevent the leakage of the vapor or the like of the solvent volatilized from the electrode ink layers 8 during drying.
  • the dried catalyst layer 9 reaches the attachment part 50 by further rotation of the suction roller 20 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layer 9 formed thereon has reached the attachment part 50 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is separated from the suction roller 20 and suspended by the second press roller 51 . That is, the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is separated from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 , and the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is brought into contact with and supported by the outer surface of the second press roller 51 (step S 5 ).
  • the catalyst layers 9 that have been formed on the electrolyte membrane 2 come into contact with the second press roller 51 .
  • the support film 7 that has been sent out from the support film unwinding roller 55 is suspended on the third press roller 52 .
  • the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 are provided at a predetermined interval, and the interval is smaller than the total thickness of the electrolyte membrane 2 , the catalyst layers 9 , and the support film 7 . Accordingly, the support film 7 is pressed against and attached to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 when the electrolyte membrane 2 and the support film 7 pass between the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 (step S 6 ).
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing how the support film 7 is attached to the electrolyte membrane 2 by the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 .
  • the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 wound on the second press roller 51 and the support film 7 wound on the third press roller 52 come into contact with each other.
  • the force with which the support film 7 is pressed against the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 at this time is defined by the interval between the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 . Since the electrolyte membrane 2 has a certain degree of viscosity on its surface, the support film 7 can be attached to the electrolyte membrane 2 by pressing the support film 7 against the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 even if the support film 7 is a resin film such as PEN. If the support film 7 is a one-side slightly self-adhesive film having an adhesive applied to one side, the support film 7 can be more reliably attached to the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 is manufactured.
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 is transported by being wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 passes through the inside of the additional drying furnace 49 .
  • the final finish drying of the catalyst layers 9 is performed (step S 7 ).
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 that has passed through the additional drying furnace 49 is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 , and thereby, a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 is completed (step S 8 ).
  • the drying furnace 40 is provided so as to cover a portion of the outer surface of the suction roller 20 , and hot air is blown to the outer surface of the suction roller 20 for drying the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the suction roller 20 formed of porous ceramics gradually stores heat and undergoes a temperature rise.
  • the electrode ink applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 from the coating nozzle 30 is immediately heated and rapidly dried, which may cause cracking in the surfaces of the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the suction roller 20 is provided with the plurality of water-cooled tubes 22 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the suction roller 20 is cooled by flowing constant-temperature water through the water-cooled tubes 22 , thereby preventing the suction roller 20 from being heated to a temperature higher than or equal to the predetermined value.
  • the suction roller 20 formed of porous ceramics may have low heat conduction.
  • the drying furnace 40 blows hot air onto the outer surface of the suction roller 20 , it may not be possible to sufficiently suppress an increase in the temperature of the outer surface.
  • the outer surface of the suction roller 20 that has stored heat due to hot air from the drying furnace 40 can be cooled to remove heat by blowing cooling air from the air jetting part 60 ( FIG. 2 ) toward the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • any foreign substance adhering to the outer surface of the suction roller 20 can be removed by the air jetting part 60 blowing air to the suction roller 20 and sucking the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 is sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 , and the backsheet 6 is separated, with the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 being sucked on the suction roller 20 by the first press roller 11 . Then, the electrolyte membrane 2 is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 , so that the electrode ink is applied to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 to form the electrode ink layers 8 , which are then dried by a blast of hot air into catalyst layers 9 .
  • the support film 7 is attached to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 in a state in which the outer surface of the second press roller 51 disposed close to the suction roller 20 is brought into contact with and supported on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 which is transported roll-to-roll from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 via the suction roller 20 to the membrane assembly winding roller 56 , is always continuously supported by some member. Specifically, in the initial state, the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is supported by the backsheet 6 . When the backsheet 6 is separated, the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is supported by the outer surface of the suction roller 20 . When the electrolyte membrane 2 is separated from the suction roller 20 after drying of the catalyst layers 9 , the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is supported by the second press roller 51 .
  • the support film 7 is attached to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 and all are wound on the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 used in the manufacturing apparatus 1 is very thin and low in mechanical strength, and has the characteristics of easily undergoing swelling even with a small amount of moisture in the air, and also undergoing shrinkage with decreasing humidity. Therefore, the electrolyte membrane 2 is highly likely to undergo deformation. If the electrode ink is applied to the electrolyte membrane 2 that is not supported by any member, the solvent contained in the electrode ink will cause the electrolyte membrane 2 to swell, and the electrolyte membrane 2 will also undergo shrinkage when the electrode ink is dried. When the catalyst layers 9 are not sufficiently dried in the drying furnace 40 , the electrolyte membrane 2 may undergo swelling and shrinkage even after the dry process in the drying furnace 40 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported by the suction roller 20 at the time of applying the electrode ink, and the electrolyte membrane 2 is continuously supported by the second press roller 51 and the support film 7 even after the electrolyte membrane 2 is subsequently separated from the suction roller 20 . Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit deformation due to swelling and shrinkage of the electrolyte membrane 2 throughout transport after the application of the electrode ink, thus preventing the generation of creases and pinholes. As a result, it is possible to prevent a reduction in the power generation performance of a fuel cell that uses the catalyst-coated membrane 5 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is always continuously supported by some member not only during and after the application of the electrode ink, but also from when the electrolyte membrane 2 is sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 until it is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 . Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to swelling and shrinkage throughout a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 , thus preventing the generation of creases and pinholes.
  • the second preferred embodiment describes a case in which the catalyst layers 9 are formed by applying the electrode ink to the opposite side of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layers 9 formed on one side thereof.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 functions as a catalyst-coated membrane 5 of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a manufacturing apparatus 1 a for a composite membrane according to the second preferred embodiment.
  • constituent elements that are the same as those in the first preferred embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 a of the second preferred embodiment is different from the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the first preferred embodiment in that it includes an image processing unit 70 .
  • the image processing unit 70 is provided at any position between the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 and the first press roller 11 of the separation part 10 (in the second preferred embodiment, at a position between the auxiliary roller 13 and the first press roller 11 ).
  • the image processing unit 70 includes an imaging camera and an image data analyzer, and uses the imaging camera to image the surface of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 and transported toward the separation part 10 .
  • the image processing unit 70 performs predetermined image processing on image data obtained by imaging performed by the imaging camera and specifies positions at which the catalyst layers 9 are to be formed on the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the result of the analysis by the image processing unit 70 is transmitted to the control part 90 .
  • the rest of the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 a of the second preferred embodiment other than the image processing unit 70 is the same as that of the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the first preferred embodiment.
  • the procedure of processing performed by the manufacturing apparatus 1 a of the second preferred embodiment is also the same as that in the first preferred embodiment (see FIG. 5 ).
  • the electrode ink is applied to the opposite side of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layer 9 already formed on one side. Accordingly, an electrolyte membrane obtained by attaching the backsheet 6 to the opposite side of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layer 9 formed on one side is wound around the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 .
  • an electrolyte membrane that is obtained by attaching the support film 7 to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layer 9 formed on the first side and is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 in the first preferred embodiment may be directly unwound from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 .
  • the support film 7 and the backsheet 6 may be the same film, and the catalyst-coated membrane 5 manufactured in the first preferred embodiment may be directly used as a material that is unwound from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 in the second preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 that has been unwound from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 has catalyst layers 9 intermittently formed on the first side thereof, and the backsheet 6 attached to the second side thereof.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 with the backsheet 6 that has been continuously pulled out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 is suspended on the auxiliary roller 13 and sent out to the first press roller 11 of the separation part 10 .
  • the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is imaged by the image processing unit 70 , and positions at which the catalyst layers 9 are to be formed on the electrolyte membrane 2 is specified by image processing.
  • the forming positions of the catalyst layers 9 that have been specified by the image processing unit 70 is transmitted to the control part 90 .
  • the image processing unit 70 images the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 either continuously or intermittently in a short cycle, and specifies the forming positions of all catalyst layers 9 .
  • the separation part 10 the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is pressed against the suction roller 20 by the first press roller 11 , and thereby the backsheet 6 is separated from the second side and the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 .
  • the first press roller 11 separates the backsheet 6 from the second side with the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 being sucked on the suction roller 20 .
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 manufactured in the first preferred embodiment is directly used in the second preferred embodiment, the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 , with the front and back sides being inverted.
  • the suction roller 20 on which the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported is rotated around the central axis along the Y-axis direction as the center of rotation, and thereby the electrolyte membrane 2 from which the backsheet 6 has been separated is transported while being supported on the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the backsheet 6 that has been separated from the electrolyte membrane 2 is wound by the backsheet winding roller 14 .
  • an electrode ink is applied from the coating nozzle 30 to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 .
  • an electrode ink of opposite polarity to that of the catalyst layer 9 already formed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is applied to the second side.
  • an anode electrode ink is applied to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • a cathode electrode ink is applied to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the control part 90 performs coating control so that the electrode ink is intermittently applied from the coating nozzle 30 to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 at positions corresponding to the forming positions of the catalyst layers 9 .
  • the control part 90 controls the ejection timing of the electrode ink from the coating nozzle 30 .
  • the control part 90 adjusts the Y-axial position of the coating nozzle 30 .
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane 2 having an electrode ink intermittently applied the side opposite to the side corresponding to the catalyst layer 9 .
  • the electrode ink is applied to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 at positions corresponding to the positions at which the catalyst layers 9 have been formed on the first side, and thereby electrode ink layers 8 are formed.
  • the positions of the electrode ink layers 8 formed on the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 do not necessarily have to completely correspond to the forming positions of the catalyst layers 9 , and may be displaced slightly.
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are transported to the positions opposing the drying furnace 40 by rotation of the suction roller 20 , and a dry process is performed on the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the dry process of the electrode ink layers 8 is the same as that in the first preferred embodiment, and is carried out by blowing hot air from the drying furnace 40 to the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are heated to volatilize the solvent component and are thereby dried.
  • the volatilization of the solvent component causes the electrode ink layers 8 to be dried into catalyst layers 9 .
  • the hot air temperatures (drying temperatures) of the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 of the drying furnace 40 sequentially increase in order from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 . This allows the electrode ink layers 8 to be dried stepwise, making it possible to prevent the occurrence of cracking during the dry process.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane having catalyst layers 9 formed on both sides.
  • Catalyst layers 9 are formed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 , and catalyst layers 9 of opposite polarity are formed on the second side.
  • the catalyst layers 9 on the second side are formed at the positions corresponding to the forming positions of the catalyst layers 9 on the first side. Accordingly, the electrolyte membrane 2 is sandwiched between the cathode catalyst layers 9 and the anode catalyst layers 9 as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the dried catalyst layers 9 reach the attachment part 50 by further rotation of the suction roller 20 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layers 9 formed on the second side has reached the attachment part 50 .
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is separated from the suction roller 20 and suspended on the second press roller 51 . That is, the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is separated from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 , and the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 is brought into contact with and supported by the outer surface of the second press roller 51 . Meanwhile, the support film 7 that has been sent out from the support film unwinding roller 55 is suspended on the third press roller 52 .
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane 2 having the support film 7 attached thereto.
  • the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 that is wound on the second press roller 51 , and the support film 7 that is wound on the third press roller 52 come into contact with each other.
  • the force with which the support film 7 is pressed against the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 at this time is defined by the interval between the second press roller 51 and the third press roller 52 .
  • the support film 7 By pressing the support film 7 against the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 , the support film 7 is attached to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 to form a catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 .
  • the thickness of the catalyst layer 9 is depicted in an exaggerated manner in FIG. 15 , the catalyst layer 9 actually has a very small thickness of 3 to 50 ⁇ m. Thus, it is possible to appropriately attach the support film 7 to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 over the catalyst layers 9 .
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 passes through the inside of the additional drying furnace 49 before being wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the final finish drying of the catalyst layers 9 is performed when the catalyst-coated membrane 5 passes through the inside of the additional drying furnace 49 .
  • a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 is completed.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported by the suction roller 20 at the time of applying the electrode ink, and the electrolyte membrane 2 is continuously supported by the second press roller 51 and the support film 7 even after the electrolyte membrane 2 is subsequently separated from the suction roller 20 . Accordingly, it is possible to prevent deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to swelling and shrinkage throughout transport during and after the application of the electrode ink, thereby preventing the generation of creases and pinholes. As a result, it is possible to prevent a reduction in the power generation performance of a fuel cell using the catalyst-coated membrane 5 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1 a according to the present invention.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is always continuously supported by some member not only during and after the application of the electrode ink, but also from when the electrolyte membrane 2 is sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 until it is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 . Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to swelling and shrinkage throughout a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 , thus preventing the generation of creases and pinholes.
  • FIG. 16 is a side view of a manufacturing apparatus 1 b for a composite membrane according to the third preferred embodiment.
  • constituent elements that are the same as those in the first preferred embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 b of the third preferred embodiment is different from the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the first preferred embodiment in that it includes two coating nozzles 30 and 130 .
  • the coating nozzle 30 and the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 of the manufacturing apparatus 1 b are the same as those in the first preferred embodiment.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 b of the third preferred embodiment further includes the coating nozzle 130 .
  • the coating nozzle 130 is provided on the downstream side of the coating nozzle 30 in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 so as to divide the drying furnace 40 .
  • drying furnaces 40 are provided on the front and rear sides of the coating nozzle 130 .
  • one of the three drying zones of the drying furnace 40 may be disposed on the upstream side of the coating nozzle 130 , and the other two drying zones may be disposed on the downstream side of the coating nozzle 130 .
  • the configurations of the coating nozzle 130 and the coating liquid supply mechanism 135 are respectively the same as those of the coating nozzle 30 and the coating liquid supply mechanism 35 . That is, the coating nozzle 130 is a slit nozzle including a slit-shaped discharge port at its end.
  • the coating liquid supply mechanism 135 includes a tank for storing the electrode ink and an open/close valve, and supplies the electrode ink to the coating nozzle 130 .
  • the rest of the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 b of the third preferred embodiment other than the two coating nozzles 30 and 130 is the same as that of the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the first preferred embodiment.
  • the procedure of processing performed by the manufacturing apparatus 1 b of the third preferred embodiment is generally the same as that in the first preferred embodiment.
  • the backsheet 6 is separated from the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 with the second side being sucked by the suction roller 20 , and the first intermittent application of the electrode ink from the coating nozzle 30 to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 , which is transported while being sucked and supported on the suction roller 20 , is performed.
  • This step is identical to that of the first preferred embodiment.
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are transported to positions opposing the upstream drying furnace 40 (the drying furnace 40 on the upstream side of the coating nozzle 130 ) by rotation of the suction roller 20 , and a dry process is performed on the electrode ink layers 8 formed by the first application of the electrode ink.
  • the electrode ink layers 8 may not be completely dried, and may be dried to such an extent that the surface does not stick to the hand when examined by touch.
  • the second intermittent application of the electrode ink from the coating nozzle 130 is further performed on the electrode ink layers 8 that have been formed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the first application of the electrode ink. Thereby, two layers of the electrode ink layers 8 are formed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 .
  • the two-layered electrode ink layers 8 formed on the first side of the two electrolyte membrane 2 are transported to positions opposing the downstream drying furnace 40 (the drying furnace 40 on the downstream side of the coating nozzle 130 ) by rotation of the suction roller 20 , and a dry process is performed on the electrode ink layers 8 .
  • the electrode ink layers 8 are heated to volatilize the solvent component and are thereby dried.
  • the volatilization of the solvent component causes the electrode ink layers 8 to be dried into two-layered catalyst layers 9 laminated one above the other.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an electrolyte membrane 2 obtained by attaching the support film 7 to the second side of the electrolyte membrane 2 having the catalyst layers 9 laminated on the first side.
  • the support film 7 is attached to the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 by pressing the support film 7 against the first side of the electrolyte membrane 2 , and thereby, a catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 is manufactured.
  • the catalyst-coated membrane 5 with the support film 7 passes through the inside of the additional drying furnace 49 before being wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 .
  • the final finish drying of the laminated catalyst layers 9 is performed when the catalyst-coated membrane 5 passes through the additional drying furnace 49 .
  • a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 is completed.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is sucked and supported by the suction roller 20 at the time of applying the electrode ink, and the electrolyte membrane 2 is continuously supported by the second press roller 51 and the support film 7 even after the electrolyte membrane 2 is thereafter separated from the suction roller 20 . Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to swelling and shrinkage throughout transport during and after the first application of the electrode ink, thus preventing the generation of creases and pinholes. As a result, it is possible to prevent a reduction in the power generation performance of a fuel cell using the catalyst-coated membrane 5 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1 b according to the present invention.
  • the electrolyte membrane 2 is always continuously supported by some member not only during and after the application of the electrode ink, but also from when the electrolyte membrane 2 is sent out from the electrolyte membrane unwinding roller 12 until it is wound by the membrane assembly winding roller 56 . Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the electrolyte membrane 2 due to swelling and shrinkage throughout a series of the steps of manufacturing the catalyst-coated membrane 5 , thus preventing the generation of creases and pinholes.
  • the above-described preferred embodiments describe the case in which the first press roller 11 and the second press roller 51 are each installed at a position close to and spaced a predetermined interval from the outer surface of the suction roller 20 , but these rollers may be disposed in contact with the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • the third press roller 52 may be disposed in contact with the second press roller 51 .
  • the drying furnace 40 is provided with the three drying zones 41 , 42 , and 43 in the above-described preferred embodiments, the number of divisions of drying zones is not limited to three, and may be two, or four or more. In any case, the temperatures of the hot air blown by the drying furnace 40 sequentially increase in order from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the transport direction of the electrolyte membrane 2 by the suction roller 20 .
  • a heat-shielding zone similar to that in the above-described preferred embodiments may be provided at a position between adjacent drying zones. Doing so can prevent the blasts of hot air blown out from the adjacent drying zones from mutually interfering with each other.
  • the additional drying furnace 49 may not necessarily be installed.
  • the drying furnace 40 dries the electrode ink layer 8 by blowing hot air
  • the electrode ink layer 8 may be dried using, for example, a far-infrared heater instead.
  • an adhesive roller or a brush that adsorbs a foreign substance may be provided so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the suction roller 20 .
  • Cooling water may be passed through the inside of second press roller 51 so that the outer surface of the suction roller 20 is cooled to remove heat by heat conduction from the suction roller 20 to the second press roller 51 .
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 a of the second preferred embodiment may be used to specify the positions of the catalyst layers 9 formed on one side of the electrolyte membrane 2 , an additional electrode ink may be applied to those catalyst layers 9 , and a dry process may be performed. Doing so makes it possible to manufacture a catalyst-coated membrane 5 having catalyst layers 9 laminated thereon in the same manner as in the third preferred embodiment.
  • the manufacturing technique according to the present invention is not limited to the applications for the manufacture of the catalyst-coated membrane 5 of a fuel cell, and is also applicable to the manufacture of a composite membrane for forming a functional layer on any other types of thin films.
  • the manufacturing technique according to the present invention can be suitably used for manufacturing a composite membrane having a functional layer formed on a thin film, by applying a coating liquid containing a solvent to a thin film that easily undergoes deformation due to swelling and shrinkage such as the electrolyte membrane 2 described above.
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US10505200B2 (en) 2019-12-10
US20180342738A1 (en) 2018-11-29

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