US20140020795A1 - Method for producing hardened structural elements - Google Patents

Method for producing hardened structural elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140020795A1
US20140020795A1 US13/997,585 US201113997585A US2014020795A1 US 20140020795 A1 US20140020795 A1 US 20140020795A1 US 201113997585 A US201113997585 A US 201113997585A US 2014020795 A1 US2014020795 A1 US 2014020795A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
blank
cooling
temperature
forming
zinc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/997,585
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English (en)
Inventor
Harald Schwinghammer
Andreas Sommer
Siegfried Kolnberger
Martin Rosner
Thomas Kurz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010056264.5A external-priority patent/DE102010056264C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102010056265.3A external-priority patent/DE102010056265C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053939.5A external-priority patent/DE102011053939B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053941.7A external-priority patent/DE102011053941B4/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Assigned to VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH reassignment VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOLNBERGER, SIEGFRIED, KURZ, THOMAS, ROSNER, MARTIN, SCHWINGHAMMER, HARALD, SOMMER, ANDREAS
Publication of US20140020795A1 publication Critical patent/US20140020795A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hardened, corrosion-protected components.
  • press-hardened components composed of sheet steel are used.
  • These press-hardened components composed of sheet steel are high-strength components that are particularly used as safety components in the region of the vehicle body.
  • the use of these high-strength steel components makes it possible to reduce the material thickness relative to a normal-strength steel and thus to achieve low vehicle body weights.
  • a sheet steel blank is heated to a temperature greater than the so-called austenitization temperature and if need be, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitization is achieved. Then, this heated blank is transferred to a forming die and in this forming die, is shaped into the finished component in a one-step forming process and in so doing, by means of the cooled forming die, simultaneously cooled at a speed that is greater than the critical hardening speed. This produces the hardened component.
  • the component is formed until it is almost completely finished. This formed component is then likewise heated to a temperature greater than the austenitization temperature and if need be, kept at this temperature for a desired, necessary period of time.
  • this heated component is transferred and inserted into a forming die that already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, if need be taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component.
  • the preformed component is consequently cooled in this die at a speed that is greater than the critical hardening speed and is thus hardened.
  • the direct method is somewhat simpler to implement, but only permits shapes that can actually be produced by means of a one-step forming process, i.e. relatively simple profile shapes.
  • the indirect process is somewhat more complex, but is also able to produce more complex shapes.
  • the corrosion protection layer can be composed either of rather infrequently used aluminum or aluminum alloys or of significantly more frequently used zinc-based coatings.
  • zinc has the advantage that it provides not just a barrier protection layer like aluminum does, but also a cathodic corrosion protection.
  • zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of vehicle bodies since in the construction technique that is currently popular, they are generally galvanized as a whole. In this respect, it is possible to reduce or eliminate contact corrosion.
  • microcracks in the coating can also occur, which are also undesirable, but far less pronounced.
  • the zinc/iron phase diagram shows that above 782° C., there is a larger region in which liquid zinc-iron phases occur as long as the iron content is low, in particular less than 60%. But this is also the temperature range in which the austenitized steel is hot formed. It is also noted that if the forming occurs at a temperature greater than 782° C., then there is a high risk of stress corrosion due to liquid zinc, which presumably penetrates into the grain boundaries of the base steel, resulting in macrocracks in the base steel. Furthermore, at iron contents of less than 30% in the coating, the maximum temperature for the forming of a safe product without macrocracks is less than 782° C. This is the reason why direct forming methods are not used with these steels, but instead the indirect forming method is used. This is intended to bypass the above-mentioned problem.
  • EP 1 439 240 B1 has disclosed a method for hot forming a coated steel product; the steel material has a zinc or zinc alloy coating on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating is heated to a temperature of 700° C. to 1000° C. and hot formed; before the steel base material with the zinc or zinc alloy coating is heated, the coating has an oxide layer that is chiefly composed of zinc oxide in order to prevent the zinc from vaporizing during the heating.
  • a special process sequence is provided for this purpose.
  • EP 1 642 991 B1 has disclosed a method for hot forming a steel in which a component composed of a boron/manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, is kept at this temperature, and then the heated steel sheet is formed into the finished component; the formed component is quenched through cooling from the forming temperature during the forming or after the forming in such a way that the cooling rate at the MS point at least corresponds to the critical cooling rate and the average cooling rate of the formed component from the MS point to 200° C. lies in the range from 25° C./s to 150° C./s.
  • the applicant's patent EP 1 651 789 B1 has disclosed a method for manufacturing hardened components out of sheet steel; according to this method, formed parts composed of a sheet steel that is provided with a cathodic corrosion-protection layer are cold formed and undergo a heat treatment for purposes of austenitization; before, during, or after the cold forming of the formed part, a final trimming of the formed part and required punching procedures or production of a hole pattern are carried out and the cold forming as well as the trimming and punching and arrangement of the hole pattern on the component are carried out 0.5% to 2% smaller than the dimensions that the final hardened component should have; the formed part, which has been cold formed for the heat treatment, is then heated in contact with atmospheric oxygen in at least some regions to a temperature that permits an austenitization of the steel material and the heated component is then transferred to a die and in this die, a so-called form hardening is carried out in which the contacting and pressing (holding) of the component by the form hardening dies cause the component to be cooled and
  • the scale reduction of the component with regard to its final geometry takes into account the thermal expansion of the component so that neither a calibration nor a forming are required during the form hardening.
  • the applicant's patent WO 2010/109012 A1 has disclosed a method for manufacturing partially hardened steel components in which a blank composed of a hardenable steel sheet is subjected to a temperature increase that is sufficient for a quench hardening and after a desired temperature is reached and if need be, after a desired holding time, the blank is transferred to a forming die in which the blank is formed into a component and quench hardened at the same time or the blank is cold formed and the component resulting from the cold forming is then subjected to a temperature increase, with the temperature increase being carried out so that a component temperature is reached that is required for a quench hardening and the component is then transferred to a die in which the heated component is cooled and thus quench hardened; during the heating of the blank or component for the purpose of increasing the temperature to a temperature required for the hardening, in the regions that should have a lower hardness and/or a higher ductility, absorption masses are placed or are spaced apart from these regions by a narrow gap; the
  • DE 10 2005 003 551 A1 has disclosed a method for hot forming and hardening a steel sheet in which a steel sheet is heated to a temperature above the Ac 3 point, then undergoes a cooling to a temperature in the range from 400° C. to 600° C., and is only formed after reaching this temperature range.
  • This reference does not mention the crack problem or a coating and also does not describe a martensite formation.
  • the object of the invention therein is the formation of intermediary structures, so-called bainite.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for manufacturing sheet steel components with a corrosion protection layer in which the crack formation is reduced or eliminated and a sufficient corrosion protection is nevertheless achieved.
  • the invention takes a more advantageous course by using the direct method in which a blank coated with zinc or a zinc alloy is heated, is formed after the heating, and is quench hardened.
  • the forming must be carried out below the peritectic temperature of the iron/zinc system (melt, ferrite, gamma phase).
  • the composition of the steel alloy as part of the conventional composition of a manganese/boron steel (22 MnB5) is adjusted so that a quench hardening is carried out and in so doing, by means of a delayed transformation of the austenite into martensite, the presence of austenite is achieved even at the lower temperature below 780° C.
  • the cooling can take place with air jets; the blowing of the air jets can be controlled by means of pyrometers, which are provided, for example, outside the press and the furnace in a separate piece of equipment in the same way as the corresponding jets.
  • the cooling possibilities in this case are not limited to air jets; it is also possible to use cooled tables on which the blanks are correspondingly positioned so that the blanks come to lie on cooled regions of the table and are brought into thermally conductive contact, for example, by means of pressure or suction.
  • FIG. 1 shows the time/temperature curve in the cooling between the furnace and the forming procedure
  • FIG. 2 shows the zinc/iron diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows depictions of ground cross-sections of the surface of specimens, with and without intermediate cooling
  • FIG. 4 is a time temperature transformation diagram with a simplified depiction of the cooling curve.
  • a conventional boron/manganese steel (e.g. 22MnB5) for use as a press-hardened steel material is adjusted with regard to the transformation of the austenite into other phases so that the transformation moves into deeper regions and martensite can be produced.
  • the alloy elements boron, manganese, carbon, and optionally chromium and molybdenum are used as transformation inhibitors.
  • the alloy elements functioning as transformation inhibitors are adjusted to reliably achieve a quench hardening, i.e. a rapid cooling with a cooling speed that is greater than the critical hardening speed even below 780° C.
  • a quench hardening i.e. a rapid cooling with a cooling speed that is greater than the critical hardening speed even below 780° C.
  • a holding phase in the temperature range of the peritectic point can be provided according to the invention so that the solidification of the zinc coating is promoted and advanced before the subsequent forming procedure is carried out.
  • FIG. 1 shows a favorable temperature curve for an austenitized steel sheet
  • FIG. 3 shows the difference in the crack formation. Without intermediate cooling, cracks form that extend into the steel material; with the intermediate cooling, only surface cracks in the coating occur; these are not critical, however.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US13/997,585 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened structural elements Abandoned US20140020795A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010056264.5 2010-12-24
DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102010056265.3 2010-12-24
DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile mit Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte und/oder Duktilität
DE102011053941.7 2011-09-26
DE102011053939.5 2011-09-26
PCT/EP2011/073880 WO2012085247A2 (de) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Verfahren zum erzeugen gehärteter bauteile

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US20140020795A1 true US20140020795A1 (en) 2014-01-23

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US13/997,416 Active 2034-09-30 US10640838B2 (en) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility
US13/997,585 Abandoned US20140020795A1 (en) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened structural elements

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US13/997,416 Active 2034-09-30 US10640838B2 (en) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility

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US (2) US10640838B2 (de)
EP (5) EP2655675B1 (de)
JP (2) JP5727037B2 (de)
KR (3) KR20130132566A (de)
CN (5) CN103415630B (de)
ES (5) ES2829950T3 (de)
HU (5) HUE055049T2 (de)
WO (5) WO2012085248A2 (de)

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US10385415B2 (en) 2016-04-28 2019-08-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Zinc-coated hot formed high strength steel part with through-thickness gradient microstructure
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US11530469B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2022-12-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Press hardened steel with surface layered homogenous oxide after hot forming
US11613789B2 (en) 2018-05-24 2023-03-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method for improving both strength and ductility of a press-hardening steel
US11612926B2 (en) 2018-06-19 2023-03-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Low density press-hardening steel having enhanced mechanical properties
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