US20080308602A1 - Surgical stapling and cutting instruments - Google Patents

Surgical stapling and cutting instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080308602A1
US20080308602A1 US11/820,121 US82012107A US2008308602A1 US 20080308602 A1 US20080308602 A1 US 20080308602A1 US 82012107 A US82012107 A US 82012107A US 2008308602 A1 US2008308602 A1 US 2008308602A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
closure tube
proximal
articulation
distal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/820,121
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard W. Timm
Frederick E. Shelton
Charles J. Scheib
Christopher J. Schall
Glen A. Armstrong
Eugene L. Timperman
Leslie M. Fugikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cilag GmbH International
Original Assignee
Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc filed Critical Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
Priority to US11/820,121 priority Critical patent/US20080308602A1/en
Priority to US11/820,124 priority patent/US20080308603A1/en
Priority to US11/820,077 priority patent/US7731072B2/en
Priority to US11/820,049 priority patent/US7588175B2/en
Priority to US11/820,119 priority patent/US7588176B2/en
Priority to US11/820,161 priority patent/US7510107B2/en
Assigned to ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC. reassignment ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ARMSTRONG, GLEN A., SCHALL, CHRISTOPHER J., SCHEIB, CHARLES J., SHELTON, FREDERICK E., IV, TIMM, RICHARD W., FUGIKAWA, LESLIE M., TIMPERMAN, EUGENE L.
Priority to JP2008157378A priority patent/JP5490377B2/ja
Priority to CN2008101097795A priority patent/CN101327137B/zh
Priority to EP08252083A priority patent/EP2005900B1/fr
Priority to JP2008157405A priority patent/JP5456277B2/ja
Priority to CN2008101097757A priority patent/CN101327133B/zh
Priority to AT08252077T priority patent/ATE502586T1/de
Priority to EP08252078A priority patent/EP2005899A3/fr
Priority to CN2008101097780A priority patent/CN101327136B/zh
Priority to CN200810109774.2A priority patent/CN101327132B/zh
Priority to EP08252084.2A priority patent/EP2005901B1/fr
Priority to AT08252071T priority patent/ATE483408T1/de
Priority to EP11175445A priority patent/EP2382928A1/fr
Priority to EP08252077A priority patent/EP2005898B1/fr
Priority to CN2008101097776A priority patent/CN101327135B/zh
Priority to DE602008002854T priority patent/DE602008002854D1/de
Priority to JP2008157385A priority patent/JP5355942B2/ja
Priority to DE602008005672T priority patent/DE602008005672D1/de
Priority to EP08252071A priority patent/EP2005896B1/fr
Priority to JP2008157392A priority patent/JP5528684B2/ja
Priority to AT08252083T priority patent/ATE495704T1/de
Priority to PL08252084T priority patent/PL2005901T3/pl
Priority to JP2008157371A priority patent/JP5335295B2/ja
Priority to DE602008004590T priority patent/DE602008004590D1/de
Priority to JP2008157412A priority patent/JP5295653B2/ja
Priority to EP08252072A priority patent/EP2005897A3/fr
Priority to CN2008101097761A priority patent/CN101327134B/zh
Publication of US20080308602A1 publication Critical patent/US20080308602A1/en
Assigned to CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL reassignment CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ETHICON LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00473—Distal part, e.g. tip or head
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    • A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/0069—Aspects not otherwise provided for with universal joint, cardan joint
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    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
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    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07278—Stapler heads characterised by its sled or its staple holder
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    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285—Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/2909—Handles
    • A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2913—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston cams or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2916—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston cams or guiding means pins in guiding slots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/2909—Handles
    • A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2919—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points
    • A61B2017/292—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points connection of actuating rod to handle, e.g. ball end in recess
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    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
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    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
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    • A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
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    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2934—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means arcuate shaped guiding means
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    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2936—Pins in guiding slots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2937—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means with flexible part
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2939—Details of linkages or pivot points
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2939—Details of linkages or pivot points
    • A61B2017/294—Connection of actuating rod to jaw, e.g. releasable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2946—Locking means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052—Guides for cutting instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71—Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • A61B2034/715—Cable tensioning mechanisms for removing slack

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to endoscopic surgical instruments including, but not limited to, surgical stapler instruments that are capable of applying lines of staples to tissue while cutting the tissue between those staple lines and, more particularly, to improvements relating to firing and drive systems therefor.
  • Endoscopic surgical instruments are often preferred over traditional open surgical devices since a smaller incision tends to reduce the post-operative recovery time and complications. Consequently, significant development has gone into a range of endoscopic surgical instruments that are suitable for precise placement of a distal end effector at a desired surgical site through a cannula of a trocar. These distal end effectors engage the tissue in a number of ways to achieve a diagnostic or therapeutic effect (e.g., endocutter, grasper, cutter, staplers, clip applier, access device, drug/gene therapy delivery device, and energy device using ultrasound, RF, laser, etc.).
  • a diagnostic or therapeutic effect e.g., endocutter, grasper, cutter, staplers, clip applier, access device, drug/gene therapy delivery device, and energy device using ultrasound, RF, laser, etc.
  • Known surgical staplers include an end effector that simultaneously makes a longitudinal incision in tissue and applies lines of staples on opposing sides of the incision.
  • the end effector includes a pair of cooperating jaw members that, if the instrument is intended for endoscopic or laparoscopic applications, are capable of passing through a cannula passageway.
  • One of the jaw members receives a staple cartridge having at least two laterally spaced rows of staples.
  • the other jaw member defines an anvil having staple-forming pockets aligned with the rows of staples in the cartridge.
  • the instrument commonly includes a plurality of wedges that, when driven distally, pass through openings in the staple cartridge and engage drivers supporting the staples to effect the firing of the staples toward the anvil.
  • a surgical instrument that comprises a tool assembly that operably supports a cable driven knife assembly therein and has an anvil assembly movably coupled thereto for selective movement between open and closed positions.
  • a closure ring may operably interface with the tool assembly for selectively applying at least a closing motion to the anvil assembly.
  • the instrument may further include a distal closure tube segment for selectively applying an actuation motion to the closure ring to cause the closure ring to apply the closing motion to the anvil assembly.
  • the distal closure tube segment may be pivotally attached to a closure tube assembly by an articulation joint that facilitates pivotal travel of the tool assembly relative to the closure tube assembly.
  • a surgical instrument that comprises a handle assembly and a cable drive system that is operably supported by the handle assembly.
  • a proximal closure tube may be operably coupled to closure tube actuation system that is operably supported by the handle assembly.
  • a disposable reload unit may be operably and removably coupled to the proximal closure tube by a joint assembly.
  • the disposable reload unit may comprise a tool assembly that operably supports a knife assembly therein that is constructed to be driven by the cable drive system in the handle assembly.
  • An anvil assembly may be movably coupled to the tool assembly for selective movement between open and closed positions upon receipt of actuation motions from the proximal closure tube.
  • a surgical instrument that comprises a disposable reload assembly that may include a tool assembly that operably supports a knife assembly therein and has an anvil assembly that is selectively movable between open and closed positions.
  • the reload unit may further comprise a distal spine segment and a distal closure tube segment that is coupled to the distal spine segment.
  • a closure ring may be operably coupled to the distal closure tube segment and the tool assembly such that upon rotation of the distal closure tube segment, the closure ring is caused to move axially relative thereto to apply actuation motions to the anvil assembly.
  • An intermediate spine segment may be coupled to the distal spine segment by an articulation joint assembly.
  • An intermediate closure tube segment may be coupled to the articulation joint to transmit a rotary actuation motion through the articulation joint to the distal closure tube segment.
  • a knife screw shaft may be operably supported within the intermediate closure tube segment and be constructed to rotate in response to a rotary drive motion applied thereto.
  • a knife nut may be operably supported on the knife screw shaft.
  • a drive cable may be attached to the knife assembly and the knife nut.
  • the surgical instrument may further comprise a handle assembly and a proximal closure tube assembly that is operably coupled to a closure tube actuation system that is operably supported by the handle assembly.
  • a rotary drive shaft may be operably coupled to a rotary drive system supported by the handle assembly.
  • a quick disconnect joint may be used to operably interconnect the intermediate closure tube segment with the proximal closure tube segment.
  • the quick disconnect joint may further connect the intermediate spine segment to the proximal spine segment and also interconnect the knife screw to the knife drive shaft without the use of tools.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical stapling and severing instrument of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a tool assembly depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a right perspective view of the tool assembly of FIG. 1 with some components thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 4 is a left side partial cross-sectional view of the tool assembly depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view with some parts separated therefrom of a cartridge assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded assembly view of a sled, staples and staple pushers of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an anvil assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a dynamic clamping member of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the tool assembly depicted in FIGS. 1-4 with tissue clamped therein.
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom perspective view of an elongate channel assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a proximal portion of the elongate channel assembly of FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of distal portion of the elongate channel assembly of FIGS. 10 and 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a distal portion of the elongate channel assembly of FIGS. 10-12 with the dynamic clamping member supported therein.
  • FIG. 14 is another bottom view of the elongate channel assembly of FIGS. 10-13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic side view of a firing system of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A is a diagrammatic view of another firing system of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic top view of the firing system of FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 16A is a diagrammatic view of the firing system of FIG. 15A .
  • FIG. 17 is a front perspective view of a winch assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a rear perspective view of the winch assembly embodiment of FIG. 17 .
  • FIG. 19 is a right side elevational view of the winch assembly embodiment of FIGS. 17 and 18 .
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the winch assembly embodiment of FIGS. 17-19 in a neutral position.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a drive system embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention that employs an articulation joint.
  • FIG. 23 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the articulation joint depicted in FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 24 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the instrument depicted in FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 25 is a bottom view of another elongate channel assembly embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is an enlarged view of a distal end portion of the elongate channel assembly of FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the distal end of the elongate channel assembly of FIG. 26 taken along line 27 - 27 in FIG. 26 .
  • FIG. 28 is a portion of a bottom view of a distal end of another elongate channel assembly embodiment of the present invention with some components shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the portion of the elongate channel assembly depicted in FIG. 28 taken along line 29 - 29 in FIG. 28 .
  • FIG. 30 is a diagrammatical top view of another cable arrangement that employs a cable tensioning joint of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is another diagrammatical top view of the cable arrangement of FIG. 30 with the cable tensioning joint in a fully expanded position.
  • FIG. 32 is another diagrammatical top view of the cable arrangement of FIGS. 30 and 31 in an articulated position.
  • FIG. 33 is an enlarged partial view of the cable tensioning joint depicted in FIGS. 30-32 .
  • FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a cable embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of a cable attachment joint embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a cable anchor joint embodiment of the present invention attached to a dynamic clamping assembly.
  • FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the cable anchor joint of FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of another cable anchor joint embodiment of the present invention attached to a dynamic clamping assembly.
  • FIG. 39 is a partial view of another cable attachment embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 40 is a partial view of another cable attachment embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 41 is a partial perspective view of an articulation joint arrangement.
  • FIG. 42 is a perspective view of a closure tube joint assembly embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the closure tube joint assembly embodiment of FIG. 42 taken along line 43 - 43 .
  • FIG. 44 is a perspective view of the closure tube joint assembly of FIGS. 42 and 43 installed over the articulation joint depicted in FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 44A is a perspective view of another closure tube joint assembly embodiment of the present invention installed over the articulation joint of FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 45 is a perspective view of another anvil assembly embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 46 is an exploded perspective view of a handle assembly and a closure tube actuation arrangement of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 47 is a partial cross-sectional view of a handle assembly and tool assembly of an embodiment of the present invention, with some components thereof shown in solid view and the anvil assembly in a closed or clamped position.
  • FIG. 48 is a partial cross-sectional view of a closure tube assembly and a tool assembly of an embodiment of the present invention with the anvil assembly in a closed or clamped position.
  • FIG. 49 is another partial cross-sectional view of the handle assembly and tool assembly of FIG. 47 with the anvil assembly thereof in an open position.
  • FIG. 50 is another partial cross-sectional view of the closure tube assembly and tool assembly of FIG. 48 with the anvil assembly thereof in an open position.
  • FIG. 51 is a partial cross-sectional view of a closure tube and a closure ring of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 52 is a partial perspective cross-sectional view of a universal articulation joint arrangement of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view of a tool assembly and articulation joint of FIG. 52 .
  • FIG. 54 is a top view of the tool assembly and articulation joint of FIG. 53 .
  • FIG. 55 is a cross-sectional view of another universal articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 56 is a perspective view of a cable controlled lockable articulation joint embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 57 is an end view of the cable controlled lockable articulation joint embodiment of FIG. 56 .
  • FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of another cable controlled lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 59 is a partial perspective end view of a proximal spine segment of the cable-controlled lockable articulation joint of FIG. 58 .
  • FIG. 60 is an end view of the proximal spine segment of FIG. 59 .
  • FIG. 61 is a partial side view of the proximal spine segment of FIGS. 59 and 60 .
  • FIG. 62 a cross-sectional view of another lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 63 is a partial perspective end view of a proximal spine segment of the lockable articulation joint of FIG. 62 .
  • FIG. 64 is an end view of the proximal spine segment of FIG. 63 .
  • FIG. 65 a cross-sectional view of another lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 66 is a partial perspective end view of a proximal spine segment of the lockable articulation joint of FIG. 65 .
  • FIG. 67 is an end view of the proximal spine segment of FIG. 66 .
  • FIG. 68 a cross-sectional view of another lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 69 is a partial perspective end view of a proximal spine segment of the lockable articulation joint of FIG. 68 .
  • FIG. 70 is an end view of the proximal spine segment of FIG. 69 .
  • FIG. 71 a cross-sectional view of another lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 72 a cross-sectional view of another lockable articulation joint of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 73A is a partial cross-sectional view of a tool assembly and articulation joint of another surgical instrument embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 73B is a partial cross-sectional view of the closure tube assembly of the surgical instrument of FIG. 73A .
  • FIG. 74A is another partial cross-sectional view of a tool assembly and articulation joint of the surgical instrument of FIGS. 73A and 73B .
  • FIG. 74B is another partial cross-sectional view of the closure tube assembly of the surgical instrument of FIGS. 73A and 73B .
  • FIG. 75 is a cross-sectional view through the closure tube assembly depicted in FIG. 74A taken along line 75 - 75 in FIG. 74A .
  • FIG. 76 is another cross-sectional view of the closure tube assembly depicted in FIG. 74B taken along line 76 - 76 in FIG. 74B .
  • FIG. 77 is another cross-sectional view of the closure tube assembly depicted in FIG. 74B taken along line 77 - 77 in FIG. 74B .
  • FIG. 78 is a partial exploded assembly view of a quick disconnect joint of an embodiment of the present invention with the components thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 79 is another partial exploded assembly view of the quick disconnect joint of FIG. 78 .
  • FIG. 80 is another partial exploded assembly view of the quick disconnect joint of FIGS. 78 and 79 .
  • FIG. 81 is another partial exploded assembly view of the quick disconnect joint of FIGS. 78-80 .
  • FIG. 82 is a cross-sectional view of another handle assembly embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 83 is a diagrammatic end view of a drive system of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 84 is a partial perspective view of a brake release mechanism of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 85 is a partial perspective view of another articulation joint embodiment of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 86 is an exploded assembly view of the articulation joint of FIG. 85 .
  • FIG. 87 is a partial side elevational view of the articulation joint of FIGS. 85 and 86 .
  • FIG. 88 is a top view of the articulation joint of FIG. 87 .
  • FIG. 89 is another top view of the articulation joint of FIGS. 87 and 88 in an articulated position.
  • FIG. 90 is a partial perspective view of another tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of various embodiments of the present invention with a portion of the closure tube shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 91 is a cross-sectional elevational view of the tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of FIG. 90 with the trunnion lock bar in a locked position retaining the trunnions in their respective slots.
  • FIG. 92 is a partial top view of the tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of FIG. 91 with portions thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 93 is a cross-sectional elevational view of the tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of FIGS. 90-92 with the trunnion lock bar in an unlocked position.
  • FIG. 94 is a partial top view of the tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of FIG. 93 with portions thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 95 is a cross-sectional elevational view of the tool assembly and closure tube arrangement of FIGS. 90-92 with the trunnion lock bar in an unlocked position and the trunnions moved out of the trunnion slots in the elongate channel assembly.
  • FIG. 96 is a side elevational view of a dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 97 is a side elevational view of another dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 98 is a side elevational view of another dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 99 is a side elevational view of another dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 100 is another side elevational view of the dynamic clamping assembly of FIG. 99 after the slot has been opened and the pin removed.
  • FIG. 101 is a side elevational view of another dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 102 is a side elevational view of another dynamic clamping assembly of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 103 is a partial cross-sectional view of the dynamic clamping assembly of FIG. 102 taken along line 1030 - 103 in FIG. 102 .
  • FIG. 104 is a side elevational view of a portion of another surgical instrument embodiment of the present invention with a closure ring moved in its distal-most position and with some components thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 105 is a side elevational view of the surgical instrument embodiment of FIG. 104 with the closure ring moved in its proximal-most position and with some components thereof shown in cross-section.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a surgical instrument, which in the illustrative versions is more particularly a surgical stapling and severing instrument 1 , capable of practicing certain unique benefits of the present invention.
  • Instrument 1 may essentially comprise a surgical stapler of the form and construction disclosed in the previously cited U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0011699 A1, which has been herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, with one or more of the improvements described below.
  • U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0011699 A1 which has been herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, with one or more of the improvements described below.
  • the various embodiments and improvements described herein may be incorporated in connection with other surgical stapler constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the instrument 1 may include a housing 3 that has distal and proximal ends 4 and 6 , respectively, an elongated shaft 20 mounted to housing 3 , preferably to its distal end 4 , and a handle assembly generally designated as 5 .
  • Shaft 20 may have a distal end 20 a to which may be operatively attached by attachment mechanism 20 b to a disposable loading unit 10 .
  • disposable loading unit (DLU) 10 may comprise a tool assembly 100 and a shaft connector portion 20 c which may be pivotally and operatively attached to each other through connector mechanism C.
  • tool assembly 100 may be pivotally, operatively, or integrally attached, for example, through a connection mechanism such as C permanently and directly to distal end 20 a of shaft 20 of a disposable surgical stapler.
  • a used or spent disposable loading unit 10 can be removed from shaft 20 of a reusable or disposable open, endoscopic or laparoscopic surgical stapler, and replaced with an unused disposable unit.
  • shaft 20 with or without an integral or removably attached disposable loading unit can be selectively removable from the housing 3 .
  • Shaft connector portion 20 c includes a proximal end 24 and a distal end 22 .
  • the proximal end 24 can be permanently or removably associated with a handle or other actuating assemblies of a manually (or other, e.g., robotic or computer) operated open or endoscopic surgical stapler 1 .
  • Distal end 22 of shaft connector portion 20 c is operatively connected to tool assembly 100 .
  • Tool assembly 100 in general, may include an elongate channel assembly 120 , an anvil assembly 110 , and a staple cartridge assembly 200 .
  • Tool assembly 100 may also preferably include an actuator, preferably a dynamic clamping member 150 , a sled 160 , as well as staple pushers 228 and staples 350 once an unspent or unused cartridge 200 is mounted in elongate channel assembly 120 . See FIGS. 2 , 5 , and 6 .
  • proximal and distal are used herein with reference to a clinician gripping a handle of an instrument.
  • distal is used herein with respect to the more proximal handle assembly 5 .
  • spatial terms such as “vertical” and “horizontal” are used herein with respect to the drawings.
  • surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
  • Shaft connector portion 20 c may be cylindrical in shape and define an internal channel 25 which may be dimensioned to receive a tube adapter 40 . See FIG. 2 . Shaft connector portion 20 c may also receive or house actuators for actuating tool assembly 100 .
  • Tool assembly 100 may mount to distal end 22 of shaft connector 20 c (or the distal end 20 a of shaft 20 ).
  • tool assembly 100 may be mounted onto tube adapter 40 which includes an outer cylindrical surface 47 that may be slidingly received in friction-fit engagement with the internal channel 25 of shaft connector 20 c (or, again, to shaft 20 ).
  • the description of the proximal connection or attachment of tool assembly 100 to shaft connector 20 c may also apply to its connection to shaft 20 .
  • the outer surface 47 of the tube adapter 40 may further include at least one mechanical interface, e.g., a cutout or notch 45 , oriented to mate with a corresponding mechanical interface, e.g., a radially inwardly extending protrusion or detent (not shown), disposed on the inner periphery of internal channel 25 to lock the tube adapter 40 to the shaft connector 20 c.
  • a mechanical interface e.g., a cutout or notch 45
  • a corresponding mechanical interface e.g., a radially inwardly extending protrusion or detent (not shown)
  • the distal end of tube adapter 40 may include a pair of opposing flanges 42 a and 42 b which define a cavity 41 for pivotably receiving a pivot block 50 therein.
  • Each flange 42 a and 42 b may include an aperture 44 a and 44 b oriented to receive a pivot pin 57 that extends through an aperture in pivot block 50 to allow pivotable movement of pivot block 50 about a “Z” axis defined as perpendicular to longitudinal axis “X” of tool assembly 100 . See FIG. 3 .
  • the channel assembly may be formed with two upwardly extending flanges 121 a , 121 b that have an aperture 122 a , 122 b , respectively, which are dimensioned to receive a pivot pin 59 .
  • pivot pin 59 mounts through apertures 53 a , 53 b of pivot block 50 to permit rotation of the tool assembly 100 about the “Y” axis as needed during a given surgical procedure. Rotation of pivot block 50 about pin 57 along “Z” axis rotates tool assembly 100 about the “Z” axis.
  • Other methods of fastening the channel 120 to the pivot block and of fastening the anvil to the channel may be effectively employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • an actuator or a plurality of actuators preferably pass through shaft connector portion 20 c , tube adapter 40 , and pivot block 50 and operably connect to tool assembly 100 to permit the surgeon to articulate tool assembly 100 about the “Y” and “Z” axes as needed during a surgical procedure.
  • shaft 20 of surgical stapler 1 may be rotatable 360° by the rotation of knob “K”.
  • tool assembly 100 may be articulatable at least 90° in all directions.
  • Various actuators, hand assemblies, and pivot blocks are envisioned which can be utilized to accomplish this task some of which are identified in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,250,532 and 6,330,965, the entire contents of which are each hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • tool assembly 100 may include anvil assembly 110 and elongate channel assembly 120 . See FIG. 2 .
  • Elongate channel assembly 120 may support the staple cartridge assembly 200 , an actuator, e.g., a dynamic clamping member 150 , and a sled 160 .
  • actuator e.g., a dynamic clamping member 150
  • sled 160 e.g., a sled 160
  • Elongate channel assembly 120 may include a bottom surface 128 having upwardly extending side walls or flanges 121 a and 121 b which define elongated support channel 125 which, in turn, is dimensioned to mountingly receive staple cartridge assembly 200 therein.
  • Elongate channel assembly 120 may also include a plurality of mechanical interfaces 127 a , 127 b , 127 c , 127 d oriented to receive a corresponding plurality of mechanical interfaces 235 a , 235 b , 235 c , and 235 d disposed in the outer-facing surfaces of staple cartridge assembly 200 . See FIGS. 2 and 6 .
  • Staple cartridge assembly 200 mounts within the elongate channel assembly 120 and includes an upper tissue contacting or facing surface 231 which, as will become further apparent as the present Detailed Description proceeds, opposes a tissue contacting or facing bottom anvil surface 114 b of anvil assembly 110 .
  • Staple cartridge assembly 200 can be assembled and mounted within elongate channel assembly 120 during the manufacturing or assembly process and sold as part of overall tool assembly 100 , or staple cartridge assembly 200 may be designed for selective mounting to channel assembly 120 as needed and sold separately, e.g., as a single use replacement, replaceable or disposable staple cartridge assembly 200 .
  • staple cartridge assembly 200 may be manufactured to include sled 160 and dynamic clamping member 150 .
  • dynamic clamping member 150 with a knife 155 may be sold as part of the replaceable staple cartridge assembly 200 without a knife blade 155 a (but preferably with a knife blade 155 a ) to enhance and/or insure accurate cutting of tissue after staple formation.
  • Tool assembly 100 may also be sold as a kit that includes a variety of staple cartridges 200 containing surgical fasteners 350 of different sizes, and/or arranged to be ejected in different patterns, any of which may be selectively-coupled to the elongate channel assembly 120 as desired for use during a particular operation.
  • sled 160 may include a pair of upwardly-extending cam wedges 161 a and 161 b which, when actuated to move by the user, cam a series of surgical fasteners 350 or staples into and through the tissue and against staple forming pockets 111 (shown in FIG. 9 ) of anvil assembly 110 to form the fasteners 350 and fasten tissue therewith.
  • Dynamic clamping member 150 is associated with, e.g., mounted on and rides on, or with or is connected to or integral with and/or rides behind sled 160 . It is envisioned that dynamic clamping member 150 can have cam wedges or cam surfaces attached or integrally formed or be pushed by a leading distal surface thereof.
  • dynamic clamping member 150 may include an upper portion 157 having a transverse aperture 154 with a pin 159 mountable or mounted therein, a central support or upward extension 151 and substantially T-shaped bottom flange 152 which cooperate to slidingly retain dynamic clamping member 150 along an ideal cutting path during longitudinal, distal movement of sled 160 . See FIG. 8 .
  • the leading cutting edge 155 here, knife blade 155 a , is dimensioned to ride within slot 282 of staple cartridge assembly 200 and separate tissue 400 once stapled. It is envisioned that leading edge 153 a of the dynamic clamping member 150 may be serrated, beveled or notched to facilitate tissue cutting.
  • the upper camming member need not be a pin but can be any integral or removable suitable outwardly protruding cam surface(s).
  • bottom flange 152 which can be any suitable camming surface, including a pin or a removable pin, a button to facilitate mounting of the dynamic clamping member into the sled 160 or elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • the term “knife assembly” 170 may include the aforementioned dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 or other knife/beam/sled drive arrangements.
  • the various embodiments of the present invention may be employed with knife assembly arrangements that may be entirely supported in the staple cartridge or partially supported in the staple cartridge and elongate channel assembly or entirely supported within the elongate channel assembly.
  • the elongate channel assembly 120 has a distal end 123 and proximal end 123 ′.
  • the bottom surface 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 also includes an elongated longitudinal slot 126 which includes and communicates at its proximal end with a cut out or notch 129 .
  • Notch 129 is dimensioned to allow bottom flange 152 of dynamic clamping member 150 to pass therethrough.
  • the narrower portion of slot 126 is dimensioned to slidingly receive and allow upward support or extension 151 to pass therethrough. See FIG. 13 .
  • Other dynamic clamping members 150 , channel slots, and sled configurations may be employed.
  • sled 160 When tool assembly 100 is assembled, sled 160 may be slidingly positioned between the staple cartridge assembly 200 and the elongate channel assembly 120 (See FIG. 3 ). Sled 160 and the inner-working components of staple cartridge assembly 200 detailed above operatively cooperate to deform staples 350 . More particularly, as indicated above, sled 160 may include upwardly extending, bifurcated cam wedges 161 a and 161 b which engage and cooperate with a series of staple pushers 228 to drive staples 350 through slots 225 from cartridge assembly 200 and deform against staple forming pockets 11 of anvil assembly 100 . Further details of a sled 160 , dynamic clamping member 150 and the staple cartridge assembly 200 of various embodiments are further described in U.S. Publication No. US 2006/0011699 A1.
  • anvil assembly 110 may be elongated and include a proximal end 116 , a distal end 118 , and top and bottom surfaces 114 a and 114 b , respectively.
  • a pair of trunnions 119 a and 119 b may be disposed near proximal end 116 and are designed for pivotable engagement with corresponding pair of notches 123 a and 123 b provided in the sidewalls 121 a , 121 b near the proximal end of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • actuation by conventional means e.g., activated remotely, e.g., by a handle assembly 5 will cause clamping collar 140 to move in a distal direction and engage forward cam surface 115 of anvil assembly 110 .
  • This will cause the anvil assembly 110 to pivot from an open first position wherein the anvil assembly 110 and the elongate channel assembly 120 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a second closed position wherein anvil assembly 110 and staple cartridge assembly 200 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween, i.e., pre-clamp the tissue between tissue engaging surface 114 b of anvil assembly 110 and opposing tissue engaging surface 231 of staple cartridge assembly 200 .
  • other anvil assembly arrangements may be successfully employed.
  • anvil assembly 110 may include an elongated cross or T-shaped channel or slot generally designated 112 having a depending central portion or leg 112 a and a transverse upper portion 112 b . See FIG. 7 .
  • Slot 112 preferably extends longitudinally from proximal end 113 of upper portion 114 a of the anvil assembly 110 to the distal end 118 thereof.
  • Leg 112 a starts from or enters proximal end 113 of anvil assembly 110 and extends to distal end 118 and upper transverse portion 112 b starts proximal cam 115 and extends to distal end 118 . See FIG. 7 .
  • upper portion 112 b is dimensioned to slidingly receive transverse pin 159 that extends within aperture 154 in upper portion 157 of central support or extension 157 of dynamic clamping member 150 (see FIG. 9 ).
  • Pin 159 is dimensioned to slidingly lock the upper portion 157 of dynamic clamping member 150 within the T-shaped slot 112 such that the dynamic clamping member 150 is longitudinally-reciprocatable within slot 112 .
  • pre-clamping collar 140 may be designed to encompass and clamp or pre-clamp the channel assembly 120 and the anvil assembly 110 together in an approximated and clamped position prior to tissue fastening.
  • the user can actuate/move the anvil assembly 110 from an open, first position toward channel assembly 120 to approximate the jaws, i.e., the anvil assembly 110 and staple cartridge 200 , to a second, closed position to grasp tissue therebetween.
  • the sled 160 can be actuated by the user to staple and subsequently incise the tissue.
  • the combination of the heavy gauge material of the anvil assembly 110 and the substantially vertical alignment of the flange 152 , knife edge 155 , and camming pin 159 operate to further proximate (i.e., further clamp) the opposing tissue engaging surfaces (i.e., anvil bottom surface 114 b and upper facing surface 231 of staple cartridge assembly 200 ) at a moving point which is distal to the leading edge 155 of the knife 155 a .
  • the further clamping of the tissue 400 distally relative to the translating dynamic clamping member 150 acts to maintain a maximum acceptable gap between the opposing surfaces 114 b and 231 and forces fluid from the tissue 400 which may enhance stapling and reduce the likelihood of hydraulically displacing the staples 350 during deformation. It is contemplated that the combination of the enhanced closure force as a result of the heavy gauge material of the anvil assembly 110 , together with the above described dynamic clamping member 150 , permits relatively accurate cutting of tissue 400 when leading edge 155 is advanced through tissue 400 .
  • the above-described tool assembly 100 may be part of or incorporated into a disposable loading unit (DLU) such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,330,965 or attached directly to the distal end of any known surgical stapling device.
  • DLU disposable loading unit
  • a handle assembly for actuating the approximation member(s) can be selected from a variety of actuating mechanisms including toggles, rotatable and slideable knobs, pivotable levers or triggers, and any combination thereof.
  • the use of the above-described tool assembly 100 as part of a robotic system is also envisioned.
  • FIGS. 10-18 illustrate a single use tool assembly arrangement.
  • a pair of cables, ropes, threads, bands or belts 800 , 820 may be supported by the channel assembly 120 .
  • a first cable 800 may include an anchor segment 802 that is fixed to a first point of attachment 803 on the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 at the distal end 123 thereof, an activation portion 804 that extends to the drive system (not shown) located in the housing portion 5 , and a moving portion 805 .
  • the drive system not shown
  • the first cable 800 is operably supported on a first distal cable transition support 830 that may comprise, for example, a pulley, rod, capstan, etc. mounted to the bottom 128 at the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • the first cable 800 may also be operably supported on a second cable transition support 840 , which may comprise, for example, a double pulley 840 mounted to the knife assembly 170 .
  • the second cable transition support is mounted to the bottom flange portion 152 of the dynamic clamping member 150 . See FIGS. 12 and 13 .
  • the first cable 800 may pass through a longitudinally extending first groove 806 provided in the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • the moving portion 805 may move freely back and forth axially adjacent the slot 126 .
  • the activation portion 804 may pass through a first transition passage 808 in the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • a second cable 820 may have an anchor portion 822 that is fixed to the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 at the distal end 123 thereof at a second point of attachment 803 ′, an activation portion 824 that extends to the drive system located in the handle housing 5 , and a moving portion 825 .
  • the second cable 820 may be operably supported on a second distal cable transition support 850 which may, for example, comprise a second pulley, rod, capstan, etc. that is attached to the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 and is also operably supported on the second cable transition support 840 .
  • the second cable 820 may pass through a longitudinally extending second groove 826 provided in the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • the moving portion 825 may freely move back and forth axially adjacent the slot 126 .
  • the activation portion 824 may pass through a second transition passage 828 in the bottom 128 of the elongate channel assembly 120 . See FIG. 11 .
  • Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such arrangement may provide improved mechanical advantages over prior cable arrangements and thereby reduce the amount of firing forces that must be generated to advance the knife assembly 170 in the form of the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 to fire the staples 350 .
  • the advancement and retraction of the knife assembly 170 is controlled by the cables 800 , 820 that each have proximal ends which may be attached, for example, to a cable drive system which may include, for example, a rotatable take up drum or drums (not shown) operably supported in the handle 5 .
  • the take up drum or drums may be mechanically or manually rotated or powered by a motor to rotate the cables 800 , 820 thereon.
  • the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping assembly 150 /sled 160 are driven from the proximal end of the elongate channel 120 to the distal end thereof to complete the severing and stapling operations. In various embodiments no means are provided to retract the knife assembly 170 back to the proximal end of the channel 120 , so the tool assembly may not be reused.
  • FIGS. 15-20 An alternative firing system 1300 embodiment is disclosed in FIGS. 15-20 .
  • this embodiment employs an advance cable 1302 that is bifurcated into a pair of advance cable portions 1310 , 1320 and a retract cable 1330 which are illustrated in diagrammatic form.
  • a first advance cable portion 1310 may be operably supported on a first distal cable transition support 1340 which may comprise, for example, a pulley, rod, capstan, etc. that is attached to the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 as was described above.
  • a distal end 1312 of the first advance cable portion 1310 may be affixed to the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping assembly 150 ).
  • the second advance cable portion 1320 may be operably supported on a second distal cable transition support 1360 which may, for example, comprise a pulley, rod, capstan etc. that is mounted to the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • a distal end 1322 of the second advance cable portion 1320 is attached to the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping assembly 150 ).
  • a retract cable 1330 is employed.
  • the retract cable 1330 may be formed in a loop such that the distal looped end 1332 is fixedly attached (swaged, etc.) to the dynamic clamping assembly 150 .
  • the advance cable 1302 and the retract cable 1330 may be driven by, for example, a cable drive system 1000 which, for example, may comprise a manually actuatable winch assembly 1001 mounted in or otherwise supported by the handle assembly 5 . See FIGS. 17-20 .
  • the winch assembly 1000 may include, for example, an actuator 1002 in the form of a firing trigger 1004 that is pivotally supported by the handle assembly 5 . While this embodiment employs a grippable trigger 1004 , those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the actuator 1002 may comprise a push button, lever, slide, etc. without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the winch assembly 1001 may include a transmission 1010 and first and second rotatable spools 1250 , 1260 , respectively, that are supported on a frame assembly 1012 .
  • a handle gear segment 1006 may be formed or otherwise provided on the firing trigger 1004 .
  • the handle gear segment 1006 is mounted in meshing engagement with a primary drive gear 1040 that is mounted to a shaft 1042 attached to a first ratchet clutch plate 1052 of a clutch assembly 1050 . See FIG. 18 .
  • a second ratchet clutch plate 1060 is supported on a clutch shaft 1062 that is rotatably supported within the handle assembly 5 .
  • the clutch shaft 1062 may be provided with a shoulder portion 1064 and have a clutch spring 1066 journaled thereon and in contact with a portion of the housing 3 to bias the second ratchet clutch plate 1060 into meshing engagement with the first ratchet clutch plate 1052 .
  • a second drive gear 1070 is journaled on the clutch shaft 1062 and is in meshing engagement with a third drive gear 1080 that is attached to a first transmission shaft 1090 that is rotatably supported by a first transmission bearing or sleeve 1092 mounted in the frame assembly 1012 . See FIG. 18 .
  • the first transmission shaft 1090 may have a first pinion gear portion 1100 and a series of first gear teeth 1102 formed thereon for selective meshing engagement with a series of primary gear teeth 1112 on an axially and rotatably movable shaft spool 1110 . As can be seen in FIG.
  • the shaft spool 1110 is received on a splined shaft 1120 that is rotatably received within the first transmission shaft 1090 and a second pinion gear 1130 .
  • the second pinion gear 1130 has a second pinion gear portion 1132 and a series of second gear teeth 1134 for selective meshing engagement with secondary gear teeth 1114 on the shaft spool 1110 .
  • the second pinion gear 1130 may be rotatably supported by a second bearing 1136 mounted 1136 in the frame assembly 1012 as shown.
  • a reversing bevel gear 1140 is supported by the frame assembly 1012 in meshing engagement with the first and second pinion gears 1100 , 1130 , respectively.
  • the shaft spool 1110 may have a collar portion 1150 formed thereon for receiving two opposing pins 1162 extending from a yoke 1160 formed on a bottom portion of a switch bar 1166 .
  • the switch bar 1166 may have a shaft portion 1168 that is pivotally pinned to a crossbar portion 1014 of the frame assembly 1012 .
  • a portion of the shaft 1168 protrudes out through an opening in the handle case (not shown) and a switch button 1170 may be attached to the end of the shaft 1168 to enable the user to shift the shaft 1168 axially back and forth to reverse the transmission 1010 as will be further discussed below.
  • the yoke arrangement 1160 enables the shaft spool 1110 to freely rotate relative to the yoke 1160 while enabling the yoke 1160 to shift the shaft spool 1110 axially on the splined shaft 1120 .
  • a shifter output gear 1180 is keyed or otherwise attached to the splined shaft 1120 for rotation therewith.
  • the shifter output gear 1180 is arranged in meshing engagement with a first spool gear 1190 that is attached to the shaft 1200 of the first rotatable spool 1250 .
  • Attached to the other end of the first rotatable spool shaft 1200 is a first spool transfer gear 1220 .
  • the first spool transfer gear 1220 is in meshing engagement with a reversing gear 1230 which is meshing engagement with a second spool drive gear 1240 that is attached to the shaft 1252 of the second rotatable spool 1260 . See FIG. 17 .
  • the advance cable 1302 may be received on second (bottom) rotatable spool 1260 and the retraction cable 1330 may be received on the first rotatable spool 1250 .
  • FIG. 20 A method of operating the winch 1000 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 17-20 .
  • the shaft spool 1110 is in the neutral position.
  • actuation of the firing trigger 1004 will not result in any movement of the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 or sled 160 .
  • the clinician shifts the shifter button 1170 to the position shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the primary gear teeth 1112 of the shaft spool 1110 are brought into meshing engagement with the first gear teeth 1102 of the first pinion gear 1100 .
  • the clinician may begin to pull/pivot the firing trigger 1004 to cause the handle gear segmental 006 to move in the direction represented by arrow “A” in FIG. 18 .
  • the gear segment 1006 rotates the primary drive gear 1040 as well as the clutch assembly 1050 and the second drive gear 1070 in the “B” direction.
  • the third drive gear 1080 is rotated in the opposite “A” direction which also causes the first pinion gear 1100 to rotate in that direction.
  • the shaft spool 1110 also rotates in the “A” direction.
  • the splined shaft 1120 and the shifter output gear 1180 also rotate in that direction.
  • the shifter output gear 1180 is in meshing engagement with the first spool gear 1190 that is attached to the shaft 1200 of the first payout spool 1250 .
  • the shifter output gear is rotated in the “A” direction, the first spool gear 1190 is rotated in the “B” direction.
  • the first spool transfer gear 1220 is attached to the shaft 1200 and also rotates in the “B” direction. As the first spool 1250 rotates in the “B” direction, the retract cable 1330 is paid off of the first spool 1250 . As the first spool rotates 1250 , the first spool transfer gear 1220 rotates in the same direction. The first spool transfer gear 1220 , reversing gear 1230 , and second spool drive gear 1240 cause the second spool 1260 to wind up the advance cable 1302 thereon.
  • the clinician releases the firing trigger 1004 and a spring (not shown) or other suitable arrangement supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the starting (unfired position).
  • a spring not shown or other suitable arrangement supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the starting (unfired position).
  • the first clutch plate 1052 rotates backwards (“A” direction) relative to the second clutch plate 1060 while the second clutch plate 1060 remains stationary and does not move.
  • the user can then depress the firing trigger 1004 again until the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 have been completely advanced to the end distal position within the channel assembly 120 by the advance cable 1302 .
  • the clinician shifts the shifter button 1170 to bring the secondary gear teeth 1114 of the shaft spool 1110 into meshing engagement with the second gear teeth 1134 on the second pinion gear 1130 .
  • the clinician may begin to pull/pivot the firing trigger 1004 in the manner described above.
  • the gear segment 1006 rotates the primary drive gear 1040 as well as the clutch assembly 1050 and the second drive gear 1070 in the “B” direction.
  • the third drive gear 1080 is rotated in the opposite “A” direction which also causes the first pinion gear 1100 to rotate in that direction.
  • the first pinion gear 1100 rotates, it causes the reversing bevel gear 1140 to rotate and cause the second pinion gear 1130 to rotate in the “B” direction.
  • the shaft spool 1110 and the splined shaft 1120 rotate in the “B” direction.
  • the shift output gear 1180 causes the first spool transfer gear 1220 to rotate in the “A” direction.
  • the retract cable 1330 is wound onto the first spool 1250 .
  • the first spool transfer gear 1220 rotates in the same direction.
  • the first spool transfer gear 1220 , reversing gear 1230 and second spool drive gear 1240 cause the second spool 1260 to rotate to payout the advance cable 1302 therefrom.
  • the user releases the firing trigger 1004 and a spring (not shown) supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the staring (unfired position).
  • a spring (not shown) supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the staring (unfired position).
  • the first clutch plate 1052 rotates backwards relative to the second clutch plate 1060 while the second clutch plate 1060 remains stationary and does not move.
  • the user can then depress the firing trigger 1004 again until the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 have been completely retracted into a starting position within the elongate channel assembly 120 by the retract cable 1330 .
  • the first rotatable spool 1250 and the second rotatable spool 1260 are tapered. That is, they have a decreasing diameter along their respective axial directions.
  • the winch assembly 1001 has the ability to change the mechanical advantage as it takes up cable.
  • the advance cable 1302 is attached to spool 1260 and the retract cable 1330 is attached to spool 1250 such that the greatest take up force is generated at the beginning of the firing process. If the winch assembly 1001 is turned at a constant torque, cable is taken up on the spool and the change in the spool's diameter would change the force transmitted to the cable.
  • each of the spools 1250 , 1260 may have a central portion that has a larger diameter than the diameters of the end portions of the spools.
  • the cable drive system 1000 described above comprises a manually actuatable drive system
  • other contemplated embodiments of the present invention may employ a battery powered motor or motors, alternating current powered motor or motors or pneumatically powered motors to power the cable drive systems.
  • the protection afforded to the various embodiments of the present invention should not solely be limited to surgical instruments that are manually actuatable.
  • FIGS. 15A , 16 A, and 21 illustrate another improved firing system embodiment 1300 ′ of the present invention.
  • this embodiment employs a pair of advance cables 1310 ′, 1320 ′ and a retract cable 1330 .
  • FIGS. 15A and 16A illustrate the cables 1310 ′, 1320 ′, and 1330 in diagrammatic form.
  • a first advance cable 1310 ′ is operably supported on a first distal cable transition support 1340 which may comprise, for example, a pulley, rod, capstan, etc.
  • first proximal cable transition support 1350 which may comprise, for example, a pulley, rod, capstan, etc. 1350 that is operably supported by the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • a distal end 1312 ′ of the first advance cable 1310 ′ is affixed to the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping assembly 150 ) and the proximal end 1314 ′ of the first advance cable 1310 ′ is attached to a connector 1380 attached to a reciprocatable drive member 1390 . As can be seen in FIGS.
  • the first distal cable transition support 1340 may be oriented such that its axis of rotation is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first proximal cable transition support 1350 .
  • the second advance cable 1320 ′ is operably supported on a second distal cable transition support 1360 which may, for example, comprise a pulley, rod, capstan etc. that is mounted to the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 and a second proximal cable transition support 1370 which may, for example, comprise a pulley, rod, capstan, etc. mounted to the proximal end of the elongate channel assembly 120 .
  • the proximal end 1322 ′ of the second advance cable 1320 may be attached to the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping assembly 150 ) and the proximal end 1324 ′ may be attached to the connector 1380 ′.
  • a retract cable 1330 is employed.
  • the retract cable 1300 may be formed in a loop such that the distal looped end 1332 is fixedly attached (swaged, etc.) to the dynamic clamping assembly 150 and the two proximal ends 1334 , 1336 are each fixedly attached (swaged, etc.) to the connector 1380 .
  • the dynamic clamping assembly 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 may be advanced in the distal direction (“DD”) when the drive rod 1390 is also advanced in the distal direction “DD”. To retract the knife in the proximal direction “PD”, the drive rod 1390 is moved in the proximal direction “PD”.
  • the drive rod 1390 may be selectively advanced and retracted by a drive system 1400 that is somewhat similar in operation as to the operation of the winch assembly 1001 , except for the differences discussed below.
  • a handle gear segment 1006 may be formed or otherwise provided on the firing trigger (not shown).
  • the handle gear segment 1006 may be mounted in meshing engagement with a primary drive gear 1040 that is mounted to a shaft (not shown) attached to a first ratchet clutch plate 1052 of a clutch assembly 1050 .
  • a second ratchet clutch plate 1060 is supported on a clutch shaft 1062 that is rotatably supported within the handle assembly 5 .
  • the clutch shaft 1062 may be provided with a shoulder portion (not shown) and have a clutch spring 1066 journaled thereon to bias the second ratchet clutch plate 1060 into meshing engagement with the first ratchet clutch plate 1050 .
  • a second drive gear 1070 may be journaled on the clutch shaft 1062 and is in meshing engagement with a third drive gear 1080 that is attached to a first transmission shaft 1090 that is rotatably supported by a first transmission bearing or sleeve (not shown) mounted in the frame assembly 1012 ′.
  • the first transmission shaft 1090 has a first pinion gear portion 1100 and a series of first gear teeth 1102 formed thereon for selective meshing engagement with a series of primary gear teeth 1112 on a an axially and rotatably movable shaft spool 1110 .
  • the shaft spool 1110 is received on a splined shaft (not shown) 1120 that is rotatably received within the first transmission shaft 1090 and a second pinion gear 1130 .
  • the second pinion gear 1130 has a second pinion gear portion 1132 and a series of second gear teeth 1134 for selective meshing engagement with secondary gear teeth 1114 on the shaft spool 1110 .
  • the second pinion gear 1130 may be rotatably supported by a second bearing (not shown) mounted in the frame assembly 1012 ′ as shown.
  • a reversing bevel gear 1140 is supported by the frame assembly 1012 ′ in meshing engagement with the first and second pinion gears 1100 , 1130 , respectively.
  • the shaft spool 1110 has a collar portion 1150 formed thereon for receiving two opposing pins 1162 extending from a yoke 1160 formed on a bottom portion of a switch bar 1166 .
  • the switch bar 1166 has a shaft portion 1168 that is pivotally pinned to a crossbar portion 1014 ′ of the frame assembly 1012 ′.
  • a portion of the shaft 1168 protrudes out through an opening in the handle case (not shown) and a switch button 1170 may be attached to the end of the shaft 1168 to enable the user to shift the shaft 1168 axially back and forth to reverse the drive 1400 as will be further discussed below.
  • a switch button 1170 may be attached to the end of the shaft 1168 to enable the user to shift the shaft 1168 axially back and forth to reverse the drive 1400 as will be further discussed below.
  • the yoke arrangement 1160 enables the shaft spool 1110 to freely rotate relative to the yoke 1160 while enabling the yoke 1160 to shift the shaft spool 1110 axially on the splined shaft 1120 .
  • a shifter output gear 1180 is keyed or otherwise attached to the splined shaft 20 for rotation therewith.
  • the shifter output gear 1180 is arranged in meshing engagement with a drive gear 1190 ′ that is attached to a drive shaft 1200 ′.
  • Attached to the drive shaft 1200 ′ is a drive gear 1410 that is in meshing engagement with a rack 1420 that is constrained to move axially in the distal and proximal directions between two lugs 1422 , 1424 formed in the frame 1012 ′.
  • a T-slot 1426 may be formed in the distal end 1425 of the rack 1420 .
  • other methods of attachment may also be employed.
  • the shaft spool 1110 is in the neutral position.
  • actuation of the firing trigger 1004 will not result in any movement of the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 or sled 160 .
  • the clinician shifts the shifter button 1170 such that the first gear teeth 1102 of the first pinion gear 1100 are brought into meshing engagement with the primary gear teeth 1112 of the shaft spool 1110 .
  • the clinician may begin to pull/pivot the firing trigger 1004 to cause the handle gear segment 1006 to move.
  • the gear segment 1006 rotates the primary drive gear of the clutch assembly 1050 and the second drive gear 1070 .
  • the third drive gear 1080 is rotated in the opposite direction which also causes the first pinion gear 1100 to rotate in that direction. Because the first teeth 1102 of the first pinion gear 1100 are in meshing engagement with the primary teeth 1112 of the shaft spool 1110 , the shaft spool 1110 also rotates in that direction.
  • the shifter output gear 1180 causes the drive gear 1190 ′, drive shaft 1200 ′, and drive gear 1410 to rotate in the “B” direction thereby driving the rack in the distal direction DD.
  • the clinician releases the firing trigger 1004 and a spring (not shown) or other suitable arrangement supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the staring (unfired position).
  • a spring not shown or other suitable arrangement supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger back 1004 to the staring (unfired position).
  • the first clutch plate 1052 rotates backwards (A direction) relative to the second clutch plate 1060 while the second clutch plate 1060 remains stationary and does not move.
  • the clinician can then depress the firing trigger 1004 again until the knife assembly 170 (dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 ) have been completely advanced to the end distal position within the elongate channel assembly 120 by the rack 1420 and the drive rod 1390 .
  • the clinician shifts the shifter button 1170 to bring the secondary gear teeth 1114 of the shaft spool 1110 into meshing engagement with the second gear teeth 1134 on the second pinion gear 1130 .
  • the clinician may begin to pull/pivot the firing trigger 1004 in the manner described above.
  • the gear segment 1006 rotates the primary drive gear 1040 as well as the clutch assembly 1050 and the second drive gear 1070 in the “B” direction.
  • the third drive gear 1080 is rotated in the opposite “A” direction which also causes the first pinion gear 1100 to rotate in that direction.
  • the first pinion gear 1100 rotates, it causes the reversing bevel gear 1140 to rotate and cause the second pinion gear 1130 to rotate in the “B” direction.
  • the shaft spool 1110 and the splined shaft 1120 rotate in the “B” direction.
  • the shift output gear 1180 causes the drive gear 1190 ′, drive shaft 1200 ′, and drive gear 1410 to rotate in the “A” direction which causes the rack 1424 to move in the proximal direction “PD”.
  • the user releases the firing trigger 1004 and a spring (not shown) supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger 1004 back to the starting (unfired) position.
  • a spring (not shown) supported by the handle assembly 5 biases the firing trigger 1004 back to the starting (unfired) position.
  • the first clutch plate 1052 rotates backwards (A direction) relative to the second clutch plate 1060 while the second clutch plate 1060 remains stationary and does not move.
  • the user can then depress the firing trigger 1004 again until the dynamic clamping member 150 , knife 155 , and sled 160 have been completely retracted into a starting position within the elongate channel assembly 120 by the drive rod 1390 and the rack 1424 .
  • the cable drive system 1400 described above comprises a manually actuatable drive system
  • other contemplated embodiments of the present invention may employ a battery powered motor or motors, alternating current powered motor or motors or pneumatically powered motors to power the cable drive system.
  • the protection afforded to the various embodiments of the present invention should not solely be limited to surgical instruments that are manually actuatable.
  • FIGS. 22-24 illustrate a portion of another surgical stapling instrument 1500 that may employ certain features of the present invention.
  • This embodiment employs a hollow spine or tube 1510 that extends from the handle (not shown) to the channel assembly (not shown).
  • the hollow spine 1510 is coupled to an articulation joint 1512 of the type and construction disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2005/0006432 to Racenet et al., the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Other articulation joint arrangements could also be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. As can be seen in FIGS.
  • a drive rod 1520 extends through the hollow tube 1510 and has a proximal end 1522 that may be coupled to the rack of a drive arrangement of the type described above and supported by the handle.
  • a transition block 1530 may be attached to or otherwise formed on the distal end 1524 of the drive rod 1520 for attachment to a driven rod 1540 .
  • a proximal pulley, rod, capstan, etc. 1560 is mounted within the hollow tube 1510 as shown in FIGS. 22 and 24 .
  • a cable, thread, band, belt, etc. 1570 may be operably supported on one or more pulleys, rods, capstans, etc. (not shown) formed on the channel assembly (not shown) and extend through the articulation joint 1512 and operably supported on the distal pulley 1560 as shown in FIGS. 22-24 .
  • the cable 1570 may have an advance portion 1572 and a retract portion 1574 .
  • the end 1576 of the retract portion 1574 may be fixedly attached to the distal end 1542 of the driven rod 1540 as shown in FIG. 22 .
  • the other end 1578 of cable 1570 is attached to the distal end 1542 of the driven rod 1540 .
  • FIG. 22 illustrates the position of the driven rod 1540 when the dynamic clamping assembly (not shown), knife (not shown), and sled (not shown) are at the distal end of the elongate channel assembly (not shown).
  • the dynamic clamping assembly, knife, and sled may be moved to a retracted position by operating the drive system described above ( FIG. 21 ) in the retract mode described above which will cause the drive rod 1520 and the driven rod 1540 to move in the proximal direction “PD”.
  • the person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that such arrangement represents a vast improvement in mechanical advantage over prior cable arrangements.
  • the cable 1570 may flex as the instrument is articulated. In other embodiments, however, the ends of the cable may be coupled together with a spring coupling arrangement of the type described in further detail below.
  • FIGS. 25-27 illustrate other embodiments of the present invention that employ cable stop members 1600 which may, for example, comprise cable retention blocks 1601 on the elongate channel assembly 120 that are in close proximity to the cable transition supports 830 , 850 to retain the cables 800 , 820 thereon, respectively.
  • the cable transition supports 830 , 850 may comprise, for example, pulleys, rods, capstans, etc.
  • the cable retention blocks 1610 may be provided in various shapes and configurations, in various embodiments, each cable retention block 1601 may have an arcuate surface 1602 that is complementary-shaped relative to the cable 800 , 820 , such that the cable 800 , 820 cannot become disengaged from the cable transition support 800 , 820 .
  • FIGS. 28 and 29 illustrate another cable stop member 1700 which may, for example, comprise a cable retention block 1701 of other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the block 1701 has a passage 1702 therethrough that forms an arcuate bearing surface 1704 over which the cable 800 , 820 may pass.
  • the cable may be threaded into and through the arcuate passage 1702 during installation.
  • Such arrangement avoids the problem of the cable becoming dislodged from a pulley or pulleys, rods, capstans, etc.
  • FIGS. 30-33 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention in diagrammatic form.
  • This embodiment employs an elongate channel assembly 120 that has a dynamic clamping assembly 150 , knife 155 , and sled assembly 160 (collectively referred to herein as “knife assembly 170 ”) that is driven by a cable 1800 .
  • the cable 1800 may be operably supported on a pair of cable transition supports 1802 , 1804 , which may comprise, for example, pulleys, posts, capstans, etc. mounted to the bottom 128 of the distal end 123 of the elongate channel assembly 120 and a third cable transition support 1806 which may comprise, for example, a pulley, post, capstan, etc. on the knife assembly 170 .
  • the cable 1800 may be operably supported on a drive pulley 1808 that is movably supported by the handle assembly 5 .
  • the drive pulley 1808 may be selectively movable in the distal direction “DD” and the proximal direction “PD” by a trigger (not shown) or other actuator arrangement (not shown) in the handle assembly 5 .
  • FIGS. 30-33 employ a unique and novel cable tensioning joint 1801 for connecting the ends of the cable 1800 to maintain the tension in the cable 1800 to prevent the cable 1800 from shifting off the pulleys 1802 , 1804 , 1806 , 1808 .
  • this arrangement employs a tensioning member in the form of a spring 1810 that is oriented in a substantially parallel path to the cable load path.
  • a first stop member or block 1820 is fixedly attached (swaged, glued, welded, etc.) to a first end 1803 of the cable 1800 .
  • the second end 1805 of the cable 1800 is also fixedly attached (swaged, welded, glued, etc.) to a second stop member or block 1830 .
  • the second stop member 1830 has a passage 1832 therethrough through which a portion of the cable 1800 may slidably pass as represented by the arrow in that Figure.
  • a third stop member or block 1840 is fixedly attached to the cable 1800 and an end of the spring 1810 is attached thereto. The other end of the spring 1810 is attached to the second stop member 1830 .
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 illustrate an endless cable 1900 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the endless cable 1900 may comprise a woven metal wire or woven plastic member.
  • the fibers 1903 of the end 1902 may be interwoven with the fibers 1905 of the end 1904 to form a cable loop.
  • Another embodiment is a Chinese finger cuff ( FIG. 35 ) approach wherein one end is inserted into the other end of a hollow woven cable to form a connection that gets tighter with tension.
  • some fastening agent/adhesive may be employed during assembly to facilitate such pretentioning of the joint.
  • Such arrangement may permit the cable 1900 to somewhat constrict about its longitudinal axis “L-L” when tension is applied in the longitudinal direction.
  • One example of such weave pattern is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,817,643 to Olsen, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. After the ends 1902 , 1904 are braded together as shown, the cable 1900 forms a closed loop 1906 .
  • the cable may be looped around a driven pulley or other member and a portion of a movable member such as pins, pulleys, capstans or other portions of the surgical instrument components when the ends 1902 , 1904 are braided or interwoven together.
  • FIGS. 36-38 illustrate another cable attachment arrangement 2000 of the present invention for attaching a cable to a surgical instrument component.
  • the cable 2002 may have a substantially wedge-shaped or substantially conically shaped slug 2010 that has a hole 2012 extending therethrough for receiving an end 2004 of the cable 2002 as shown in FIG. 36 .
  • the slug 2010 may be crimped, swaged, glued, overmolded, ultrasonically welded, etc. onto the cable end 2012 as shown.
  • the slug 2010 may be fabricated from a somewhat soft material such as lead, copper, brass, stainless steel, titanium, etc. or, for example, a thermoplastic material such as nylon or polycarbonate.
  • the slug 2010 is sized to be received in a complementary shaped pocket 2020 in surgical instrument component to which it is to be attached such as, for example, the dynamic clamping member 150 .
  • the pocket 2020 may be sized such that, as tension is applied to the cable 2002 in the “T” direction, the connection gets tighter. That is, as the cable tension increases, the slug 2020 is further compressed on the end 2004 of the cable 2002 .
  • the pocket 2020 may be open on at least one side thereof to permit the slug 2010 to be installed therein.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates another cable attachment arrangement 2100 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the end 2112 of the cable 2110 may be wrapped around a pin 2120 and be attached to the other portion 2114 of the cable 2110 by one or more clamps 2130 that may be crimped or otherwise cinched thereon to form a loop 2140 for receiving at least a portion of the surgical instrument component such as, for example, a pulley, pin, capstan, etc.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates another cable attachment arrangement 2200 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the end portion 2212 of the cable 2210 may be wrapped around a pin 2220 and be melted or glued to another adjacent portion 2214 of the cable 2210 to form a loop 2240 for receiving at least a portion of the surgical instrument component such as, for example, a pulley, pin, capstan, etc.
  • the endocutter disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. US2006/0011699 A1 employs two cable systems: one for closing the anvil; and one that pulls the dynamic clamping assembly, knife, and sled to cut tissue and form staples.
  • a cable is attached to the clamping collar for pulling the clamping collar distally onto and over cam surface to close the anvil relative to the staple cartridge assembly and compress the tissue. That closure cable must be threaded back through the articulation joint to the handle. When the proximal end of that cable is pulled, the distal end of the cable, which is attached to the clamping collar, causes the clamping collar to move distally and close the anvil.
  • Such arrangement suffers from the limited ability to generate clamping force.
  • FIG. 41 illustrates an articulation joint 1512 of the type disclosed in the above-mentioned publication.
  • FIGS. 42 and 43 illustrate the articulation joint assembly 2302 of a closure tube assembly 2300 of various embodiments of the present invention that may be used in connection with the articulation joint 1512 and eliminate the use of a cable to close the anvil 110 .
  • FIG. 44 illustrates the closure tube assembly 2300 installed over the articulation joint 1512 .
  • the closure tube assembly 2300 is operably supported adjacent the elongate channel assembly 120 for selectively applying a closing motion to the anvil assembly 110 upon closing contact with the closure tube assembly 2300 .
  • an embodiment of the closure tube assembly 2300 may include a distal closure tube segment 2310 that has proximal end 2312 and a distal end 2314 , a central closure tube segment 2320 that has a distal end 2322 and a proximal end 2324 , and a proximal closure tube segment 2330 that has a proximal end 2332 and a distal end 2334 .
  • the proximal end 2332 of the proximal closure tube segment 2330 may be non-rotatably coupled to a distal end 2342 of a closure tube segment 2340 . As can be seen in FIG.
  • the distal end 2342 of the hollow closure tube segment 2340 may be provided with a notch 2344 therein for receiving a tab 2336 protruding proximally from the distal end 2334 of the proximal closure tube segment 2330 .
  • the proximal end 2332 may be received within the hollow distal end 2342 of the hollow closure tube segment 2340 .
  • the proximal closure tube segment 2330 may be retained in coupling engagement with the closure tube segment 2340 by adhesive, glue, etc.
  • the proximal closure tube segment 2330 may be integrally formed with the closure tube segment 2340 .
  • the closure tube assembly 2300 may further comprise a first upper tab 2350 protruding from the distal end 2334 of the proximal closure tube segment 2330 and a first lower tab 2352 protruding from the distal end 2334 of the proximal closure tube segment 2330 in spaced relation to the first upper tab 2350 .
  • the first upper tab 2350 has a first upper pivot hole 2354 therethrough and the first lower tab 2352 has a first lower pivot hole 2356 therethrough that is coaxially aligned with the first upper hole 2354 in various embodiments.
  • the proximal end 2324 of the central closure tube segment 2320 has a second upper tab 2326 protruding therefrom and a second lower tab 2328 protruding therefrom in spaced relation to the second upper tab 2326 .
  • the second upper tab 2326 has a second upper pivot hole 2327 therethrough and the second lower tab 2328 has a second lower pivot hole 2329 therethrough that is substantially coaxially aligned with the second upper pivot hole 2327 .
  • the distal end 2322 of the central closure tube segment 2320 has a first lateral tab 2321 and a second lateral tab 2323 protruding therefrom.
  • the first lateral tab has a first lateral hole (not shown) therethrough and the second lateral tab 2323 has a second lateral hole 2325 therethrough that is coaxially aligned with the first lateral hole 2325 .
  • the proximal end 2312 of the distal closure tube segment 2310 has a third lateral tab 2316 protruding therefrom and a fourth lateral tab 2318 protruding therefrom in spaced relation to the third lateral tab 2316 .
  • the third lateral tab 2316 has a third lateral pivot hole (not shown) therethrough and the fourth lateral tab 2318 has a fourth lateral pivot hole 2319 therethrough that is substantially coaxially aligned with the third lateral pivot hole.
  • the closure tube joint assembly 2302 further includes an upper double pivot link 2360 that has a first upper pin 2362 and a second upper pin 2364 protruding therefrom.
  • the first upper pin 2362 is sized to be pivotally received in the first upper pivot hole 2354 and the second upper pin 2364 is sized to be pivotally received in the second upper pivot hole 2327 .
  • the upper double pivot link 2360 may be retained in position between the proximal end 2324 of the central closure tube segment 2320 and the distal end 2334 of the proximal closure tube segment 2330 by the articulation joint assembly 1512 .
  • the closure tube joint assembly 2300 may further include a lower double pivot link 2370 that has a first lower pin 2372 and a second lower pin 2374 protruding therefrom.
  • the first lower pin 2372 is sized to be pivotally received within the first lower pivot hole 2356 and the second lower pin 2374 is sized to be pivotally received in the second lower pivot hole 2329 .
  • the lower double pivot link 2370 may be retained in position between the proximal end 2324 of the central closure tube segment 2320 and the distal end 2322 of the central closure tube segment 2320 by the articulation joint assembly 1512 .
  • first upper pin 2362 and the first lower pin 2372 are coaxially aligned along a first pivot axis D-D that, in various embodiments, may be substantially transverse to an elongated shaft axis C-C that extends through the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 . See FIG. 43 .
  • second upper pivot pin 2364 and the second lower pivot pin 2374 are coaxially aligned along a second pivot axis E-E.
  • the second pivot axis E-E is substantially transverse to the elongated shaft axis C-C and substantially parallel to the first pivot axis D-D.
  • the reader will appreciate that such arrangement permits the central closure tube segment 2320 to pivot relative to the proximal closure tube segment 2330 about pivot axes D-D and E-E.
  • the closure tube joint assembly 2302 may further include a first lateral double pivot link 2380 that has a first upper pin (not shown) and a second upper pin (not shown) protruding therefrom.
  • the first lateral pin is sized to be pivotally received in the first lateral pivot hole (not shown) in the first lateral tab 2321 and the second lateral pin is sized to be pivotally received in the second lateral pivot hole (not shown) in the third lateral tab 2316 .
  • the first lateral double pivot link 2380 may be retained in position between the proximal end 2312 of the distal closure tube segment 2310 and the distal end 2322 of the central closure tube segment 2320 by the articulation joint assembly 1512 .
  • the closure tube joint assembly 2300 may further include a second lateral double pivot link 2390 that has a third lateral pin 2392 and a fourth lateral pin 2394 protruding therefrom.
  • the third lateral pin 2392 is sized to be pivotally received within the second lateral hole 2325 in the second lateral tab 2323 and the fourth lateral pin 2394 is sized to be pivotally received in the fourth lateral pivot hole 2319 in the fourth lateral tab 2318 .
  • the second lateral double pivot link 2390 may be retained in position between the proximal end 2312 of the distal closure tube segment 2310 and the distal end 2322 of the central closure tube segment 2320 by the articulation joint assembly 1512 .
  • first lateral double pivot link 2380 and the second double pivot link 2390 are attached to the proximal end 2312 of the distal closure tube segment 2310 and the distal end 2322 of the central closure tube segment 2320 , the first lateral pin and the third lateral pin 2392 are coaxially aligned along a third pivot axis F-F that, in various embodiments, may be substantially transverse or orthogonal to the elongated shaft axis C-C.
  • second lateral pivot pin and the fourth lateral pivot pin 2394 are coaxially aligned along a fourth pivot axis G-G.
  • the third pivot axis F-F is substantially transverse or orthogonal to the elongated shaft axis C-C and the first axis D-D and the second axis E-E and is substantially parallel to the fourth pivot axis G-G.
  • the reader will appreciate that such arrangement permits the distal closure tube segment 2310 to pivot relative to the central closure tube segment 2320 about pivot axes F-F and G-G.
  • Such arrangement provides a closure tube assembly that can move axially over the joint assembly 1512 and still afford multi-articulation about four axes.
  • a return mechanism e.g., a spring, cable system or the like (not shown), may be employed to return the closure tube assembly 2300 to a preclamping orientation which causes the anvil assembly 110 to re-open as the closure tube segment 2310 contacts a reverse cam surface 117 on the proximal end of the anvil assembly 110 .
  • the anvil assembly 110 ′ may be formed with an upstanding actuation tab 111 ′ that is sized to extend into a horse-shoe shaped opening 2315 in the distal end 2314 of the distal closure tube segment 2310 . See FIG. 44A .
  • the horse-shoe shaped opening 2315 contacts the ramp 115 and forces the anvil assembly 110 ′ to a closed position.
  • the horse-shoe shaped opening 2315 pulls the tab 111 ′ and causes the anvil assembly 110 ′ to pivot to an open position.
  • closure tube drive system 2400 includes a yoke 2402 connected to a closure trigger 18 .
  • a pivot pin 2404 is inserted through aligned openings in both the closure trigger 18 and the yoke 2402 .
  • the distal end of the yoke 2402 is connected, via a pin 2406 , to a first portion 2408 of a closure bracket 2410 .
  • the first closure bracket portion 2408 connects to a second closure bracket portion 2412 .
  • closure bracket 2410 defines an opening in which the proximal end 2346 of the closure tube segment 2340 is seated and held such that longitudinal movement of the closure bracket 2410 essentially pushes or drives the closure tube segment 2340 (and ultimately the elongated closure tube assembly 2300 ) in the distal direction DD.
  • the closure bracket 2410 causes the proximal closure tube segment 2340 to move in the proximal PD direction, which causes the distal closure tube segment 2310 to move proximately.
  • the tab 111 ′ causes the anvil assembly 110 ′ to open when the distal closure tube segment 2310 moves proximately.
  • closure system 2400 forces the anvil assembly 110 ′ closed by driving it distally into ramp 115 .
  • closure system 2400 is further described in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,547 entitled “Endoscopic Surgical Instrument With a Handle That Can Articulate With Respect to the Shaft” to Frederick E. Shelton, IV, et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Other closure systems may be employed, however, to axially move the closure tube assembly 2300 in the proximal and distal directions.
  • FIGS. 47-50 illustrate another unique and novel closure system 2500 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • a manually actuatable drive system 2600 is employed.
  • Such a drive system arrangement is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/475,412, filed Jun. 27, 2006, entitled “Manually Driven Surgical Cutting and Fastening Instrument” to Frederick E. Shelton, et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Thus, the operation of such drive system arrangement will not be discussed in great detail herein.
  • closure system 2500 of the present invention may also be effectively employed in connection with surgical stapling instruments that employ a cable or cables to drive the dynamic clamping member, knife and sled.
  • closure system 2500 may also be effectively employed in connection with other surgical stapling instruments that employ a motor to drive the dynamic clamping member, knife, sled, etc.
  • the protection afforded to the closure system 2500 as described herein should not be limited to use only in connection with the manually actuatable drive system depicted in the present FIGS. 47-50 .
  • a firing trigger 2610 is operably supported by the handle assembly 5 and has a series of gear teeth 2612 thereon that meshingly interface with the drive gear arrangement (not shown) that operably interfaces with a rotary drive shaft 2614 .
  • the rotary drive shaft 2614 may be rotatably supported within a spine 2616 that extends through an elongate hollow closure tube 2510 .
  • the rotary drive shaft 2614 may interface with other drive components operably supported by the spine 2616 to convey a rotary driving motion to the tool assembly 100 ′.
  • a shifter assembly 2620 interfaces with the drive gear arrangement.
  • the shifter assembly may include a selector switch 2622 such that when the switch is in one position and the firing trigger 2610 is pivoted in a ratcheting motion, the rotary drive shaft 2614 rotates in a first direction to ultimately impart a rotary motion to the tool assembly 100 ′ to cause the dynamic clamping member or knife assembly to move in a distal DD direction and, when the selector switch 2622 is moved to a second position, ratcheting of the firing trigger 2610 causes the rotary drive shaft 2614 to rotate in an opposite direction to thereby impart an opposite rotary motion to the tool assembly 100 ′ and cause the dynamic clamping assembly or knife assembly to move in the proximal PD direction.
  • a selector switch 2622 such that when the switch is in one position and the firing trigger 2610 is pivoted in a ratcheting motion, the rotary drive shaft 2614 rotates in a first direction to ultimately impart a rotary motion to the tool assembly 100 ′ to cause the dynamic clamping member or knife assembly to move in a distal DD direction and
  • the closure tube assembly 2500 may further include a closure knob 2520 and a rotation assembly 2550 for rotation of the tool assembly.
  • the closure knob 2520 may be supported on the proximal end 2512 of the closure tube 2510 and a spine attachment tube 2618 .
  • the closure knob 2520 may be provided in half sections that are interconnected by mechanical fasteners or adhesive.
  • the spine attachment tube 2618 is hollow and has a flanged proximal end 2619 . The flanged end 2619 is rotatably supported in a radial slot 2522 provided in the closure knob 2520 such that the closure knob 2520 can freely rotate about the spine attachment tube 2618 .
  • the spine 2616 may have a proximal end 2617 sized to extend into the spine attachment tube 2618 .
  • the proximal end 2512 of the closure tube 2510 may be flanged and oriented to be non-rotatably retained within a second radial slot 2524 formed in the closure knob 2520 such that rotation of the closure knob 2520 causes the rotation of the closure tube 2510 .
  • Various embodiments may also include a rotation assembly 2550 .
  • the rotation assembly 2550 may include a rotation knob 2552 that is rotatably received on the handle assembly 5 .
  • the rotation knob 2552 may be provided in two segments that may be interconnected by mechanical fasteners—screws, snaps, etc. or adhesive for assembly purposes.
  • the distal end 2554 of the rotation knob 2552 has a hole 2556 therethrough that is adapted to receive therein a spline tube 2560 that has a splined section 2562 that is in axial engagement with the distal end 2554 of the rotation knob 2552 such that the rotation knob 2550 may be moved axially relative to the spline tube 2560 , but always be engaged with the splined section 2562 thereof.
  • the spline tube 2560 has a distal end 2564 that extends into the closure knob 2520 and is non-rotatably attached to the spine attachment tube 2618 . by adhesive or other suitable fastener arrangement.
  • a proximal end 2566 of the spline tube 2560 is flanged and is adapted to be received in an annular slot 2570 provided in the handle assembly 5 such that the flanged end 2566 can rotate therein.
  • the distal end 2580 of the housing assembly is flanged and has a first radial gear 2582 formed thereon.
  • the flanged end 2580 of the housing assembly extends into an annular cavity 2567 formed in the rotation knob 2552 .
  • the annular cavity 2567 is formed by an inwardly extending annular flange 2568 that has a second radial gear 2569 formed thereon for selective meshing engagement with the first radial gear 2582 .
  • the annular flange 2568 also extends into an annular spring cavity 2584 formed in the housing assembly 5 .
  • a locking spring 2590 is provided in the spring cavity 2584 to bias the second radial gear 2569 into meshing engagement with the first radial gear 2582 .
  • the clinician can unlock the spine 2616 thereby enabling the clinician to rotate the spine 2616 and ultimately the tool assembly 100 ′ to position the tool assembly 100 ′ in a desired orientation by pulling the rotation knob 2552 proximally to disengage the second radial gear 2569 from the first radial gear 2582 to enable the rotation knob 2550 , spline tube 2560 and spine 2616 to rotate.
  • the distal end 2514 of the closure tube 2510 may be formed with a reduced diameter portion 2515 for slidably receiving a nonrotatable closure ring 2594 thereon.
  • a pair of slots 2516 are provided therein that are oriented to receive corresponding pins 2596 that protrude inward from the wall of the closure ring 2594 .
  • at least one pin and slot arrangement is employed.
  • the pins 2596 may be in the closure tube 2510 and the slots 2516 may be provided in the closure ring.
  • FIG. 50 illustrates the anvil 110 ′ of the tool assembly 100 ′ in an open position.
  • the clinician simply rotates the closure knob 2520 in a first direction which also rotates the closure tube 2510 in that direction.
  • the rotation of the closure tube 2510 by virtue of the interaction between the pins 2596 and slots 2516 , causes the closure ring 2594 to move distally into contact with a portion of the anvil 110 ′ to pivot the anvil 110 ′ to the closed position depicted in FIGS. 47 and 48 .
  • Such distance 2599 represents the amount of axial travel that is available to the closure ring 2594 .
  • the pins 2596 will tend to remain in that position and thereby also retain the anvil 110 ′ in the closed position.
  • other locking arrangements may be employed.
  • the clinician again moves the brake knob 2552 in the proximal direction PD and then rotates the closure knob 2520 (and closure tube 2510 ) in a second direction as shown in FIGS. 49 and 50 .
  • the tissue that was clamped in the tool assembly 100 ′ causes the anvil 110 ′ to move to the open position.
  • a spring or other biasing member may be employed to bias the anvil 110 ′ to the open position when the closure ring 2594 has been moved to the position depicted in FIGS. 49 and 50 .
  • the closure ring 2594 may be provided with the horse-shoe shaped opening described above and the anvil 110 ′ may be configured with a tab 111 ′ as shown in FIG. 45 .
  • the closure ring 2594 when drawn proximally, it pulls the anvil 110 ′ to the open position. Once in the open position, the clinician may release the brake knob 2552 and the brake 2550 will lock the closure tube 2510 (and anvil 110 ′) in the open position.
  • the closure system 2500 may also be effectively employed in connection with the closure tube joint assembly 2302 described above. In such arrangement, the slots 2516 may be provided in the distal closure tube segment 2310 . Such arrangement would be operated in the same manner as described above, however, the instrument would also be articulatable about multiple axes.
  • FIG. 51 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention wherein the distal end 2515 ′ of the closure tube 2510 has threads 2513 thereon for threaded engagement with threads 2597 on the closure ring 2594 ′.
  • the closure ring 2594 ′ may be configured to interact with the channel assembly 120 and or spine 2616 such that the closure ring 2594 ′ can move axially relative thereto, but does not rotate.
  • the threads 2597 are formed in the proximal end 2595 of the closure ring 2594 ′ such that as the closure tube 2510 is rotated in one direction, the closure ring 2594 ′ is axially moved in the distal direction DD to contact the anvil 110 ′ and pivot the anvil 110 ′ to the clamped position.
  • Rotation of the closure ring 2594 ′ in the opposite direction causes the closure ring 2594 ′ to move in the proximal direction PD to enable the anvil 110 ′ to be pivoted open by the tissue that was clamped therein, or by springs or other biasing members.
  • Such use of multiple turn threads may provide more closure power than other closure ring arrangements.
  • the closure ring 2594 ′ may be provided with the horse-shoe shaped opening to interact with a closure tab on the anvil. See FIG. 45 .
  • the rotation and locking of the closure tube 2510 ′ may be controlled by the closure system 2500 and closure tube brake assembly 2550 as was described above.
  • This embodiment may also be used in connection with the various articulation joints described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be further appreciated that such embodiment may be effectively used with the manual drive system depicted in FIGS. 47 and 49 or with other drive arrangements, such as cable drive arrangements, etc.
  • FIGS. 52-54 illustrate another cable-actuated closure system 2700 embodiment of the present invention.
  • various embodiments may include a proximal cover tube 2710 that axially supported a proximal spine segment 2720 .
  • the proximal spine segment 2720 extends from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the proximal spine segment 2720 has a distal end 2722 that has a neck portion 2724 protruding therefrom that has a ball-shaped member 2730 attached thereto or otherwise formed therewith.
  • the ball-shaped member 2730 is sized to be received in a socket 2750 formed in a proximal end 2742 of a channel-shaped distal spine segment 2740 .
  • the ball-shaped member 2730 and socket 2750 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 2760 , that affords the distal spine segment 2740 the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 2720 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 2748 is provided between the proximal end 2742 of the distal spine segment 2740 and the distal end 2722 of the proximal spine segment 2720 to enable the distal spine segment to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 2720 .
  • the distal spine segment 2740 is attached to the elongate channel assembly 120 ′′ to which the anvil 110 ′′ is pivotally attached.
  • a closure ring 2770 is supported on the distal spine segment 2740 for selective axial travel thereon.
  • the opening and closing of the anvil 110 ′ may be accomplished by a closure cable 2780 that extends from the handle assembly (not shown) through a hollow passage 2726 in the proximal spine segment 2720 and neck portion 2724 .
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the closure cable 2780 may be attached to one of the cable drive systems described herein or other cable control systems for selectively applying tension to the cable 2780 .
  • a drive cable system of the various types described above may also be employed to drive the dynamic clamping member, knife, and sled.
  • the closure ring 2770 may have a first cable transition support 2790 mounted thereon that extends into the open upper end of the channel-shaped distal spine segment 2740 such that the first cable transition support 2790 can move distally and axially back and forth within the distal spine segment 2740 as the closure ring 2770 moves thereon.
  • the first cable transition support 2790 may comprise a support selected from the group of supports consisting of pulleys, rod, capstans, etc.
  • a second cable transition support 2792 may be mounted within the distal spine segment 2740 in the orientation shown such that the closure cable 2780 may be operably supported on the first and second cable transition supports 2790 , 2792 .
  • the second cable transition support 2792 may comprise a cable transition support selected from the group of transition supports consisting of pulleys, rods, capstans, etc.
  • the distal end 2782 of the closure cable 2780 may be fixed to the distal spine segment 2740 at a point of attachment 2744 .
  • applying tension to the closure cable 2780 causes the closure ring 2770 to move in the distal direction DD to contact the anvil 110 ′ and pivot it to a closed position in the manner discussed above.
  • the tissue that was clamped in the tool assembly 100 ′′ causes the anvil 110 ′ to move to the open position.
  • a spring or other biasing member may be employed to bias the anvil 110 ′ to the open position when the closure ring 2770 has been axially moved to its proximal unclamped position.
  • Such unique and novel cable actuated closure system enjoys a significant mechanical advantage improvement over prior cable powered closure systems while also providing the ability to articulate the tool assembly 100 ′′ relative to the other portion of the instrument.
  • Other embodiments are also contemplated wherein the ball-shaped member is formed in the distal spine segment 2740 and the socket is formed in the proximal spine segment 2720 .
  • no articulation joint is employed. That is, the proximal spine segment and distal spine segment comprise a single member.
  • FIGS. 55-57 illustrate a cable controlled lockable articulation joint 2800 of various embodiments of the present invention that interfaces between the elongate channel assembly 120 ′′ and a proximal spine segment 2820 .
  • the proximal spine segment 2820 may extend from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the proximal spine segment 2780 may have a distal end 2822 that has a neck portion 2824 protruding therefrom that has a substantially ball-shaped member 2830 attached thereto or otherwise formed therewith.
  • the ball-shaped member 2830 may be sized to be received in a socket 2850 formed in a proximal end 2842 of a distal spine segment 2840 .
  • the ball-shaped member 2830 and socket 2850 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 2800 , that affords the distal spine segment 2840 with the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 2820 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 2848 may be provided between the proximal end 2842 of the distal spine segment 2840 and the distal end 2822 of the proximal spine segment 2820 to enable the distal spine segment 2840 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 2820 .
  • the distal spine segment 2840 may be attached to the channel assembly 120 ′′ to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • one or more radially extendable portions 2880 may be provided in the ball-shaped member 2830 .
  • three radially extendable fingers 2880 are provided, for example.
  • the radially extendable fingers 2880 may be equally spaced about the ball-shaped member 2830 (e.g., spaced at 120° intervals). Other numbers of radially extendable fingers 2880 could also be successfully employed.
  • the ball-shaped member 2830 may be fabricated from, for example, plastic, metal, etc. such that the radially extendable fingers may be pulled or otherwise driven radially outward a distance to lock the ball-shaped member 2830 in a desired orientation within the socket 2850 .
  • each of the radially extendable fingers 2880 may have a cable 2882 attached thereto that extend adjacent the neck portion 2824 of the proximal spine segment 2820 and through corresponding passages 2826 in the distal end 2822 of the proximal spine segment 2820 .
  • the cables 2882 may extend through the hollow proximal spine segment 2820 to a control system supported by the handle (not shown) to selectively apply a tension force to the cables 2882 .
  • the cables 2882 may be associated with a locking trigger or other mechanism supported in the handle that can be moved to apply a tension to the cables and be selectively retained in that position until it is desired to release the joint whereby the mechanism may be unlocked to release the tension in the cables 2882 .
  • a hollow cable ring 2890 may be employed as shown to retain the cables 2882 adjacent the neck portion 2824 .
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position before applying tension to the locking cables 2882 .
  • the clinician applies a tension force to the locking cables 2882 which causes the radially extendable fingers 2880 to extend radially outward and lock the ball-shaped member 2830 in that orientation within the socket 2850 to thereby retain the distal spine segment 2840 (and the tool assembly 100 attached thereto) in that articulated position.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIGS. 58-61 illustrate another cable controlled lockable articulation joint 2900 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • various embodiments may include a proximal spine segment 2920 that extends from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • a ball-shaped member 2936 may be formed on a proximal end 2932 of a distal spine segment 2930 .
  • the ball-shaped member 2936 may be sized to be received in a socket 2924 formed in the distal end 2922 of the proximal spine segment 2920 .
  • the ball-shaped member 2936 and socket 2924 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 2910 , that affords the distal spine segment 2930 with the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 2920 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 2948 is provided between the proximal end 2932 of the distal spine segment 2930 and the distal end 2922 of the proximal spine segment 2920 to enable the distal spine segment 2930 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 2920 .
  • the distal spine segment 2930 may be attached to the channel assembly (not shown) to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • the distal end 2922 of the proximal spine segment 2920 may have a flexible section 2950 and a cincture section 2960 .
  • the proximal spine section may be fabricated from, for example, plastic, metal, etc.
  • the flexible section 2950 may be defined by a series of equally spaced slots 2952 provided into the distal end 2922 of the proximal spine segment 2920 to form a plurality of radially contractable locking portions in the form of, for example, flexible segments 2954 that serve to define the socket 2924 therebetween.
  • a circumferentially extending groove 2956 may be provided around the circumference of the distal end 2922 of the proximal spine segment 2920 .
  • a locking cable 2970 may extend through the hollow proximal spine segment 2920 and be looped around the cincture section 2960 in the circumferentially extending groove 2956 as shown in FIGS. 59 and 61 .
  • the cable 2970 may pass through two passages 2957 , 2958 such that the ends thereof may extend through the proximal spine section 2920 to a cable control system (not shown) supported in the handle assembly (not shown) that may be used to selectively apply a tension force to the cable 2970 .
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position before applying tension to the locking cable 2970 .
  • the clinician applies tension to the locking cables 2970 which causes the flexible segments 2954 to lock around the ball-shaped member 2936 and prevent it from moving relative to the proximal spine segment 2920 to thereby retain the distal spine segment 2840 (and the tool assembly 100 attached thereto) in that articulated position.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique. To release the ball-shaped member to permit further articulation of the tool assembly, the tension is released from the cable 2970 .
  • FIGS. 62-64 illustrate another lockable articulation joint 3000 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • various embodiments may include a proximal spine segment 3010 that extends from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the proximal spine segment 3010 has a distal end 3012 that has a neck portion 3014 protruding therefrom that has a substantially ball-shaped member 3016 formed thereon.
  • the ball-shaped member 3016 has a series of slots 3018 therein that serve to define a series of ball segments 3020 . As shown in FIG.
  • the ball-shaped member 3016 may be sized to be received in a socket 3034 formed in a proximal end 3032 of a distal spine segment 3030 .
  • the ball-shaped member 3016 and socket 3034 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 3040 that affords the distal spine segment 3030 with the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 3010 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 3042 may be provided between the proximal end 3032 of the distal spine segment 3030 and the distal end 3012 of the proximal spine segment 3010 to enable the distal spine segment 3030 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 3010 .
  • the distal spine segment 3030 may be attached to the channel assembly (not shown) to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • an actuation member 3050 may be used to selectively radially extend the ball segments 3020 to expand and lock the ball-shaped member 3016 in the socket 3034 .
  • the actuation member has a hollow shaft portion 3052 that extends through a passage 3015 in the neck portion 3014 of the proximal spine segment 3010 and also through a passage 3017 in the ball-shaped member 3016 .
  • the distal end 3054 of the actuation member 3050 has a substantially cone-shaped portion 3056 that is received in a cone-shaped actuation pocket 3018 in the ball-shaped member 3016 as shown.
  • the cone-shaped portion 3056 causes the ball segments 3020 to extend radially outward and lock the ball-shaped member 3016 within the socket 3034 .
  • Various trigger and locking arrangements (not shown) in the handle may be employed to selectively axially move the actuation member in the proximal PD and distal DD directions and lock the actuation member 3050 in position to retain the ball-shaped member 3016 in an expanded/locked condition.
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position before drawing the actuation member 3050 in the proximal direction PD.
  • the clinician draws the actuation member 3050 in the proximal direction to cause the ball segments 3020 to expand radially outwardly and lock the ball-shaped member 3016 in that orientation within the socket 3034 to thereby retain the distal spine segment 3030 (and the tool assembly 100 attached thereto) in that articulated position.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIGS. 65-67 depict another lockable articulation joint 3100 of various embodiments of the present invention that is substantially identical in operation as articulation joint 3000 described above, except for the actuation member 3150 and the ball-shaped member 3116 .
  • the ball-shaped member 3116 has at least one and preferably three radially extendable portions 3120 formed therein.
  • the actuation member 3150 has a hollow shaft portion 3152 that extends through a passage 3015 in the neck portion 3014 of the proximal spine segment 3010 and also through a passage 3017 in the ball-shaped member 3116 .
  • the distal end 3154 of the actuation member 3150 has a cone-shaped wedge portion 3156 that corresponds to each of the radially extendable portions 3120 in the ball-shaped member 3116 that extends into a cone-shaped actuation pocket 3118 in the ball-shaped member 3116 as shown.
  • the cone-shaped wedge portions 3156 causes the corresponding radially extendable portions 3120 to expand radially outward and lock the ball-shaped member 3116 within the socket 3034 .
  • Various trigger and locking arrangements (not shown) in the handle may be employed to selectively move the actuation member in the proximal PD and distal DD directions and lock the member in position to retain the ball-shaped member 3116 in a expanded/locked condition.
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position before drawing the actuation member 3150 in the proximal direction PD.
  • the clinician draws the actuation member 3150 in the proximal direction to cause the radially extendable portions 3120 to extend radially outwardly and lock the ball-shaped member 3116 in that orientation within the socket 3034 to thereby retain the distal spine segment 3030 (and the tool assembly 100 attached thereto) in that articulated position.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIGS. 68-70 illustrate another lockable articulation joint 3200 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • various embodiments may include a proximal spine segment 3210 that extends from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the proximal spine segment 3210 may have a distal end 3012 that has a plurality of radially contractable portions in the form of, for example, flexible socket fingers 3214 that define a socket 3216 therein.
  • a ball-shaped member 3310 may be formed on a proximal end 3312 of a distal spine segment 3300 .
  • the ball-shaped member 3310 may be formed on the end of a neck portion 3308 sized to be received in a socket 3216 formed by the socket fingers 3214 .
  • the ball-shaped member 3310 and socket 3216 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 3320 , that affords the distal spine segment 3300 with the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 3210 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 3002 may be provided between the proximal end 3304 of the distal spine segment 3300 and the distal end 3212 of the proximal spine segment 3210 to enable the distal spine segment 3300 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 3210 .
  • the distal spine segment 3300 may be attached to the channel assembly (not shown) to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • a hollow passage 3306 may be provided through the ball-shaped member 3310 and a neck portion 3308 to facilitate passage of cables or other actuation instruments/components therethrough.
  • this embodiment may also include a closure ring 3400 that is selectively slidably and axially movable on the proximal spine segment 3210 in the proximal and distal directions.
  • the various systems and components described above may be employed to selectively move the closure ring 3400 in the distal and proximal directions.
  • the socket fingers 3214 have a sloped or tapered end surface 3215 to enable the distal end portion 3402 of the closure ring 3400 to slide thereupon and cause the closure fingers to 3214 to close upon the ball-shaped member 3310 and lock it in position.
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position before advancing the closure ring 3400 distally.
  • the clinician advances the closure ring 3400 distally to cause the closure fingers 3214 to closure upon the ball-shaped member 3310 and lock the ball-shaped member 3310 in that orientation within the socket 3216 to thereby retain the distal spine segment 3300 (and the tool assembly 100 attached thereto) in that articulated position.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIG. 71 illustrates another passive articulation joint 3500 of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • various embodiments may include a proximal spine segment 3510 that extends from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the proximal spine segment 3510 may have a distal end 3512 that has a socket 3514 therein.
  • a ball-shaped member 3530 is formed on a neck portion 3532 formed on the proximal end 3522 of a distal spine segment 3520 .
  • the ball-shaped member 3530 and socket 3514 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 3540 , that affords the distal spine segment 3520 with the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 3510 .
  • the socket may be formed in the distal spine segment and the ball-shaped member may be formed in the proximal spine segment.
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 3542 may be provided between the proximal end 3522 of the distal spine segment 3520 and the distal end 3512 of the proximal spine segment 3510 to enable the distal spine segment 3520 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 3510 .
  • the distal spine segment 3520 is attached to the channel assembly (not shown) to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • the proximal facing face 3532 of the ball-shaped member 3530 has a plurality of detents 3534 formed therein.
  • a locking pin 3550 is operably supported within the proximal spine segment 3510 and is oriented for engagement with the detents 3534 .
  • the locking pin 3550 may be spring biased toward the proximal facing face 3532 of the ball-shaped member 3530 such that as the distal spine segment 3520 is articulated relative to the proximal spine segment 3510 , the locking pin snaps into a corresponding one of the detents 3534 to retain the distal spine segment 3520 in that position.
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position or another surgical tool may be used to apply an articulation force to the tool assembly to cause the tool assembly 100 to move to a desired direction.
  • the distal end 3552 of the locking pin will snap into and out of detents 3534 until the desired articulation position is achieved.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIG. 72 illustrates another passive articulation joint 3600 of various embodiments of the present invention that is somewhat similar to the articulation joint 3500 described above except for the differences discussed below.
  • the ball-shaped member 3630 may be formed on a neck portion 3632 that protrudes distally from the proximal spine segment 3610 .
  • the proximal spine segment 3610 may extend from the handle assembly (not shown) and may be supported thereby in any one of a number of known arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the distal spine segment 3620 has a socket 3624 therein.
  • the ball-shaped member 3630 and socket 3622 collectively form a ball joint, generally designated as 3650 that affords the distal spine segment 3620 the ability to articulate in multiple directions relative to the proximal spine segment 3610 .
  • a sufficient amount of clearance 3642 is provided between the proximal end 3622 of the distal spine segment 3620 and the distal end 3612 of the proximal spine segment 3610 to enable the distal spine segment 3620 to articulate in a desired range of motion relative to the proximal spine segment 3610 .
  • the distal spine segment 3620 is attached to the channel assembly (not shown) to which the anvil (not shown) is pivotally attached.
  • a portion 3638 of the socket face 3636 may have a plurality of detents 3639 formed therein.
  • a locking pin 3660 is operably supported within the proximal spine segment 3610 and is oriented for engagement with the detents 3639 .
  • the locking pin 3660 may be spring biased toward the face 3636 such that as the distal spine segment 3620 is articulated relative to the proximal spine segment 3610 , the locking pin 3660 snaps into a corresponding one of the detents 3639 to retain the distal spine segment 3620 in that position.
  • the clinician positions the tool assembly 100 in the patient and then applies an articulation force to the tool assembly with another surgical instrument or by bringing the tool assembly 100 into contact with a portion of the patient to articulate the tool assembly to a desired position or another surgical tool may be used to apply an articulation force to the tool assembly to cause the tool assembly 100 to move to a desired direction.
  • the distal end 3662 of the locking pin 3660 will snap into and out of detents 3639 until the desired articulation position is achieved.
  • Such system employs a “passive” articulation technique.
  • FIGS. 73-83 illustrate a surgical instrument 4000 that is constructed for use in connection a surgical tool assembly 100 ′′ that can perform a surgical action.
  • the tool assembly 100 ′′ is constructed to cut and staple tissue my means of the cable-powered dynamic clamping member/knife arrangement described above.
  • different drive arrangements may be employed to drive the dynamic clamping member/knife through the elongate channel portion of the tool assembly 100 ′′.
  • the tool assembly 100 ′′ comprises a portion of a disposable reload unit 4002 .
  • the tool assembly 100 ′′ may be permanently attached to the other portions of the instrument 4000 and capable of reuse in connection with staple cartridge assemblies.
  • the disposable reload unit 4002 may further include a connector segment 4004 for coupling the disposable reload unit 4002 to the instrument 4000 .
  • the tool assembly 100 ′′ may be articulatable relative to the connector portion 4004 by means of an articulation joint 4006 .
  • one tool assembly 100 ′′ embodiment may include an elongate channel assembly 4012 that has an anvil assembly 4020 pivotally coupled thereto.
  • the anvil assembly 4020 may have a pair of trunnions 4022 that are adapted to be received in corresponding slots 4014 in the walls of the elongate channel assembly 4012 as shown.
  • the anvil assembly 4020 may be formed with an anvil closure tab 4026 on a proximal end 4024 thereof for selective contact by a closure ring 4030 .
  • the non-rotating closure ring 4030 is keyed to the elongate channel assembly 4012 and/or anvil assembly 4020 such that the closure ring 4030 cannot rotate relative to the elongate channel 4012 .
  • a tab clearance opening 4032 may be provided through the closure ring 4030 to receive the anvil closure tab 4026 when the anvil assembly 4020 is in the closed (clamped) position.
  • a series of internal threads 4036 may be provided in the proximal end 4034 of the non-rotating closure ring 4030 for threadably receiving a threaded distal end 4042 of a distal closure tube segment 4040 .
  • the closure ring 4030 As will be discussed in further detail below, as the distal closure tube segment 4040 is rotated, the closure ring 4030 is driven axially in the distal direction DD. As the closure ring 4030 moves in the distal direction DD, it rides up a ramp 4021 on the proximal end of anvil assembly 4020 to cause the anvil assembly 4020 to pivot to a closed position. Such arrangement represents a vast improvement over prior arrangements wherein the closure ring is pulled by a cable in the distal direction.
  • the surgical instrument 4000 may further include an elongate closure tube assembly 5000 that houses a variety of components and which is operably attached to a handle assembly as will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the closure tube assembly 5000 may comprise an intermediate closure tube segment 5001 and a proximal closure tube segment 5020 .
  • the tool assembly 100 ′′ may be coupled to the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 of closure tube assembly 5000 by an articulation joint 4006 that facilitates travel of the tool assembly 100 ′′ relative to the closure tube assembly 5000 about two axes UA-UA and OA-OA that are substantially orthogonal to each other as will be discussed in further detail below.
  • various embodiments may include a means for actively controlling the pivotal travel of the tool assembly 100 ′′ as well as having the capability of passive articulation while also having the ability to lock the tool assembly in the desired articulated position.
  • the distal closure tube segment 4040 may be formed with a pair of opposed universal pivot arms 4046 that protrude in the proximal direction therefrom.
  • the distal end 5002 of the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 may be formed with two opposing fastener arms 5004 , 5006 that protrude distally therefrom. See FIGS. 73A and 74B .
  • Fastener arm 5004 has a pivot hole 5008 therethrough and fastener arm 5006 has a pivot hole 5010 that is substantially coaxially aligned with the pivot hole 5008 to define the universal pivot axis UA-UA.
  • a universal ring 4070 Positioned between the fastener arms 5004 and 5006 is a universal ring 4070 that has two pairs of pins 4072 , 4074 protruding therefrom wherein each pin may be spaced ninety degrees from each other about the circumference of the universal ring 4070 (one pin 4074 is shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 73A and 74A ). As shown in FIG. 73A , one pin 4072 is pivotally received in upper pivot hole 5008 in the fastener arm 5004 and the other pin 4072 is pivotally received in the lower pivot hole 5010 in the fastener arm 5006 . Such arrangement enables the universal ring 4070 to pivot about the universal axis UA-UA relative to the closure tube assembly 5000 .
  • Each of the opposed universal pivot arms 4046 protruding from the distal closure tube 4040 has a hole 4047 therein to pivotally receive a corresponding one of the pins 4074 therein to enable the distal closure tube 4040 to pivot relative to the universal ring 4070 and closure tube assembly 5000 about an orthogonal axis OA-OA (shown in FIG. 75 ) in a first pivotal direction represented by arrow FD in FIG. 73A and second pivotal direction represented by arrow SD in FIG. 73A .
  • Axis UA-UA and OA-OA may be substantially orthogonal to each other.
  • the closure tube assembly 5000 may be rotatably supported by the handle assembly such that it may be rotated around the shaft axis C-C. Because the tool assembly 100 ′′ is affixed to the closure tube assembly 5000 (through the articulation joint 4006 ), the tool assembly 100 ′′ is also rotated therewith.
  • Such arrangement therefore, provides a tool assembly 100 ′′ that may have a cable driven knife assembly therein and a non-cable driven anvil closure arrangement with the ability to be articulated about several axes.
  • this embodiment may further include a distal spine segment 4050 that may have an annular retaining flange 4052 formed thereon that is received in a locating groove 4044 in the distal closure tube 4040 .
  • the articulation joint 4006 may also include an articulation joint locking assembly, generally designated as 4007 , which facilitates the locking of the articulation joint 4006 after the tool assembly 100 ′′ has been articulated to a desired orientation.
  • Such locking assembly 4007 may include a ball-shaped member 4060 that is formed on a neck portion 4054 of the distal spine segment 4050 .
  • the locking assembly 4007 may further include a serrated socket member 5030 that is formed on the distal end 5022 of an intermediate spine segment 5020 located in a connector segment 4004 .
  • Serrated socket member 5030 may comprise a plurality of radially contractable fingers 5032 that define a socket 5034 therebetween in which the ball-shaped member 4060 may articulate in multiple directions.
  • the serrated socket member 5030 is mounted within the universal ring 4070 .
  • a socket locking tube 5080 may be coaxially received on the disposable spine segment 5020 such that it is axially movable relative thereto as will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the distal end 5082 of the locking tube 5080 may be tapered for selective axial contact with the serrated socket member 5030 as the locking tube 5080 is axially advanced in the distal direction DD to cause the serrated fingers 5032 to radially contract and close around the ball-shaped member 4060 to lock the distal spine segment 4050 (and tool assembly 100 ′′) in position relative to the elongate closure tube assembly 5000 .
  • the surgical instrument 4000 of various embodiments of the present invention may further include an active articulation system generally designated as 5090 for actively applying articulation motions to the distal spine segment 4050 .
  • the active articulation system 5090 may include four articulating wires 5092 that may be fabricated from spring steel or the like and be sufficiently stiff to transfer a compression force applied to a proximal end portion thereof without collapsing.
  • the wires 5092 may be spaced around the serrated socket 5030 at ninety degree intervals from each other and be received within corresponding grooves 5033 in the outer surface of the corresponding radially contractable fingers 5032 .
  • each wire 5092 may be attached to the neck portion 4054 of the distal spine segment 4050 and the proximal ends 5096 of each wire 5092 may be attached to a hub portion 5102 of a distal wire mount 5100 received within the closure tube 5000 as shown in FIG. 73B .
  • the distal spine segment 4050 (and tool assembly 100 ′′ attached thereto) may be actively articulated by pulling and pushing the wires 5092 .
  • the proximal facing portion of ball-shaped member 4060 may have a substantially conical shaped cavity 4062 therein to accommodate one or more knife actuation cables 5040 that are attached to a dynamic clamping member (not shown) and/or knife (not shown) mounted within the disposable tool assembly 100 ′′.
  • the proximal end 5042 ( FIG. 73A ) of the cable 5040 may be attached to a knife nut 5050 that is threadably journaled on a knife screw 5060 .
  • the knife nut 5050 has a pair of laterally protruding tabs 5052 that are axially received in corresponding axially extending slots 5024 in the disposable spine segment 5020 .
  • the person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such arrangement permits the knife nut 5050 to move axially in the proximal direction PD or distal direction DD as the knife screw 5060 is rotated.
  • the disposable reload unit 4002 in various embodiments may be constructed to be disposable after one use.
  • a quick disconnect joint 4008 may be employed.
  • the term “quick disconnect” refers to the ability to detach one component from another component without the use of tools.
  • the operation and construction of various embodiments of the quick disconnect joint 4008 may be understood from reference to FIGS. 73B , 74 B, and 76 .
  • the closure tube assembly 5000 comprises an intermediate closure tube segment 5001 and a proximal closure tube segment 5020 .
  • the proximal end of the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 has a series of radial gear teeth 5003 formed thereon for meshing engagement with gear teeth 5124 (not shown in FIG. 76 ) on a distal end 5122 of a proximal closure tube segment 5120 (not shown in FIG. 76 ) when the disposable reload unit 4002 is attached the proximal closure tube segment 5120 .
  • connection spider 5150 may be employed.
  • the connection spider 5150 may be partially received within the proximal end of the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 and protrude therefrom such that when the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 is coupled to the proximal closure tube segment 5120 , a portion of the connection spider 5150 protrudes into the distal end 5122 of the proximal closure tube segment 5120 .
  • the connection spider may be pinned within the proximal end of the intermediate closure tube segment 5001 by a pin 5151 , adhesive or other suitable fastener arrangements. See FIG. 76 .
  • connection spider 5150 may also be journaled on a disposable spine segment 5020 and configured to receive corresponding actuator bars 5104 that protrude from a distal wire mount 5100 .
  • the proximal end 5106 of each actuator bar 5104 may contain a tapered detent to facilitate interconnection with a plurality of proximal wire connector members 5160 . In one embodiment for example, four proximal wire connector members are employed.
  • the plurality of actuator bars 5104 may be provided with a detent 5108 for receiving a corresponding connector ball 5164 mounted within tapered bore detent 5162 in each of the proximal wire connectors 5160 . See FIGS. 73B and 77 .
  • the proximal end 5021 of the disposable spine segment 5020 has a proximally extending connection portion 5023 that may have an internal collar portion 5025 formed therein to support a proximal end portion 5062 of the knife screw 5060 .
  • the proximally extending connection portion 5023 may have an external spine key 5026 formed thereon for receipt in a key slot 5206 formed in a distal end 5202 of the proximal spine segment 5200 .
  • the proximal end 5062 of the knife screw 5060 may be supported in a bearing 5064 and have a splined drive portion 5066 for non-rotatable receipt in a spline drive cavity 5224 in the distal end 5222 of a knife drive shaft 5220 . See FIG. 78
  • FIGS. 74A and 74B the attachment of the locking tube 5080 may be understood.
  • the locking tube 5080 a pair of brake actuator arms 5084 protrude proximally therefrom.
  • FIG. 74B is a cross-section that is rotated approximately 45 degrees from the cross-section shown in FIG. 73B .
  • each brake actuator arm 5084 has a detent 5085 formed therein for receiving connector balls 5168 mounted within tapered bore detents 5166 in a corresponding proximal brake actuator arm 5300 . See FIGS. 74B and 77 .
  • each brake actuator arm 5084 may be slidably received in a corresponding groove 5027 in the disposeable spine segment 5020 . See FIGS. 75 and 76 .
  • an outer proximal spine segment 5400 may be received within the proximal closure tube 5120 and cooperates therewith to define a spring cavity 5402 for receiving a closure tube spring 5410 therein.
  • the proximal end 5126 of the proximal closure tube segment 5120 may have an enlarged knob portion 5128 thereon to facilitate the application of control motions thereto by the clinician.
  • a pocket 5130 may be formed in the knob portion 5128 for receiving a clip ring 5132 therein that is affixed to the outer proximal spine segment 5400 .
  • the closure tube spring 5410 serves to bias the proximal closure tube segment 5120 into meshing engagement with the disposable closure tube segment 5000 .
  • the distal end 5122 of the proximal closure tube segment 5120 has a larger internal diameter 5123 that has a tapered surface 5125
  • the clinician draws the knob 5128 in the proximal direction PD against the force of the spring 5410 until the larger internal diameter portion 5123 is oriented in registration with the connector balls 5164 to enable the connector balls 5164 to move out of engagement with the detents 5108 in the proximal ends 5106 of the actuator bars 5104 of the distal wire mount 5100 when the user applies a removal force to the tool assembly 100 ′′ pulling it in the distal direction DD.
  • FIGS. 78-81 illustrate the attachment of a disposable reload unit 4002 to the instrument portion 4000 .
  • the clinician orients the unit 4002 such that the spline portion 5066 of the knife screw 5060 is aligned with the internal spline cavity 5224 in the knife drive shaft 5220 and inserts the proximal end of the spline drive portion 5066 therein. See FIG. 79 .
  • the clinician aligns the spine key 5026 on the proximal end 5021 of the disposable spine segment with the key slot 5206 in the proximal spine segment 5200 . See FIGS. 79 and 80 .
  • the clinician then continues to insert the proximal end 5106 into the area 5161 between the four proximal wire connectors 5160 and the proximal spine segment 5200 . See FIG. 80 .
  • the clinician may then move the closure knob 5128 in the proximal direction to enable the connector balls 5164 to move radially outward as the proximal ends 5106 of the actuator bars 5104 are pushed proximally into position.
  • the radial gears 5003 , 5124 are retained in meshing engagement with each other.
  • FIGS. 82-84 depict one embodiment that may be used to articulate the tool assembly 100 ′′ relative to the connector segment 4004 and provide actuation thereto.
  • the instrument 4000 may further include a handle assembly 5500 that may be formed from two housing sections 5510 (only one housing section 5510 is shown in FIG. 82 ) that may be connected together by screws, snaps, adhesive, etc.
  • the handle assembly 5500 may take the form of a “pistol-grip” type housing with a hand grip portion 5512 . As can be seen in FIG.
  • an attachment flange 5404 may be formed on the proximal end of the outer proximal spine segment 5400 for affixing the outer proximal spine segment 5400 to the handle assembly 5500 .
  • the flange 5404 may be attached to the handle housing 5500 by adhesive or other mechanical fastener arrangements, screws, snaps, slots, etc.
  • the proximal end 5204 of the proximal spine segment 5200 may have a flange 5210 for affixing the proximal spine segment 5200 to the handle assembly 5500 .
  • the flange 5210 may be attached to the handle housing 5500 by adhesive or other mechanical fastener arrangements, screws, snaps, slots, etc.
  • the active articulation system 5090 may further comprise an articulation control system, generally designated as 5600 , that is operably supported by the handle assembly 5500 and interfaces with the articulation wires 5092 .
  • articulation control system 5600 may comprise a joy stick assembly 5602 to which the proximal ends 5170 of each of the proximal wire connectors 5160 are pivotally connected.
  • a joy stick assembly 5602 may include an articulation ball 5610 that is rotatably supported in a socket 5520 in the handle assembly 5500 .
  • each proximal end 5170 of the proximal wire connectors 5160 may have a spherical ball bearing 5172 supported thereon to receiving a bearing mount pin 5612 to attach the proximal wire connectors 5160 to the articulation ball 5610 .
  • Other fastener arrangements could also be employed however.
  • an articulation knob 5620 may be attached to the articulation ball 5610 .
  • the clinician can grasp the hand grip portion 5512 in one hand and the articulation knob 5620 in the other hand.
  • the clinician can apply articulation motions to the distal wire mount 5100 and ultimately to the four articulation wires 5092 attached thereto which, in turn, impart the articulation motion to the distal spine segment 4050 which will cause the tool assembly 100 ′′ to articulate relative to the connector segment 4004 of the disposable reload unit 4002 .
  • the clinician can effectively steer the tool assembly 100 ′′ through use of the joy stick assembly 5602 .
  • a brake control system 5640 may include a driver disc 5642 that is movably journaled on the knife drive shaft 5220 for selective axial movement therealong without impeding the rotation of the knife drive shaft 5220 .
  • each proximal brake actuator arm 5300 has a proximal end 5302 that is affixed to the drive disc 5642 .
  • a brake yoke 5650 may be coupled to the driver disc 5642 by a pair of pins 5643 that protrude into circumferentially extending groove 5644 formed in the driver disc 5642 .
  • the brake yoke 5650 may be pivotally supported by the housing assembly 5500 on a brake yoke pivot pin 5652 .
  • a brake trigger 5654 is formed on the lower portion of the brake yoke 5650 .
  • the brake trigger 5654 may have a lock arm 5656 protruding therefrom into an opening 5506 in the housing assembly 5500 .
  • a lower portion of the lock arm 5656 may have lock teeth 5658 formed thereon to engage a locking wall portion 5508 of the housing assembly 5500 .
  • a brake release mechanism 5660 for locking and unlocking the brake trigger 5654 .
  • a release mechanism 5660 may include a locking button 5662 that has a release button portion 5664 and is movably supported by the handle assembly 5500 in the position illustrated in FIG. 84 .
  • the locking button 5664 may have a conical shaped end portion 5666 that has a neck that extends to a conical portion (not shown) of the release button portion 5664 .
  • the conical portion 5666 contacts the lock arm 5656 and lifts it out of engagement with the locking wall portion 5508 to thereby enable the trigger 5654 to pivot.
  • a spring (not shown) could be used to retain the locking button 5662 in the locked position.
  • Such action causes the brake yoke 5650 and the driver disc 5642 to move the brake arms 5300 in the distal direction DD which drives the locking tube 5080 in the distal direction DD to lock the fingers 5032 around the ball-shaped member 4060 .
  • the clinician can push the locking button in a direction which permits one of the teeth 5658 on the locking arm 5656 to engage the locking wall portion 5508 and retain the brake release mechanism in the locked position.
  • the clinician simply pushes the locking trigger release button portion to permit the trigger 5654 to be pivoted away from the handle assembly 5500 and thereby move the brake arms 5300 proximally.
  • the drive system 5700 may include a firing handle 5702 that is pivotally or otherwise actuatably coupled to the handle assembly 5500 .
  • the firing handle 5702 may be pivotably attached to the handle assembly 5500 by a pivot pin 5704 .
  • Attached to the firing handle is a firing gear 5706 that is oriented to pivot with the firing handle 5702 .
  • the firing gear 5706 may be in meshing engagement with a ratchet drive gear 5708 that is mounted to a ratchet drive shaft 5710 .
  • Ratchet drive shaft 5710 may be attached to a ratchet clutch assembly 5720 .
  • a ratchet clutch assembly 5720 may include a first clutch plate 5722 that is attached to the ratchet shaft 5710 and which is in meshing engagement with a second ratchet clutch plate 5724 that is mounted to an output shaft 5726 .
  • the second clutch plate 5724 may be biased into meshing engagement with the first clutch plate 5722 , by ratchet spring 5730 .
  • a ratchet output gear 5740 may be attached to the ratchet output shaft 5726 which is arranged for meshing engagement with a drive gear 5750 mounted to a bevel drive shaft 5752 .
  • An input bevel gear 5760 may be mounted on the bevel drive shaft 5752 and be in meshing engagement with an output bevel gear 5770 that is mounted to an output shaft 5780 .
  • An output gear 5782 is mounted to the output shaft 5780 and is in meshing engagement with a knife drive gear 5790 attached to the proximal end 5226 of the knife drive shaft 5220 .
  • the clinician grasps the handle assembly and ratchets the firing handle 5702 back and forth toward the grip portion 5512 . Movement of the firing handle 5512 in that manner will cause the drive system 5700 to impart a rotary motion to the knife drive shaft 5220 and ultimately to the knife screw 5060 to cause the knife nut 5050 to move in the proximal direction.
  • the clinician can detach the reload unit 4002 and reattach another reload unit and repeat the process.
  • the knife drive shaft may be rotated by means of a motor and planetary gear drive.
  • the motors may be battery powered or powered with alternating current. Other drive arrangements could also be employed.
  • FIGS. 85-89 illustrate another surgical instrument embodiment 6000 that employs an active or controllable articulation joint arrangement 6010 .
  • one embodiment may employ a closure tube 6020 of the type and construction described above.
  • the closure tube 6020 has a proximal end (not shown) that may interface with various closure tube control mechanisms supported by the handle assembly for providing actuation forces thereto.
  • the closure tube 6020 may also interface with one of the various tool assemblies described above to apply opening or opening and closing forces to the anvil assembly thereof.
  • a spine member 6030 may extend from the handle assembly (not shown) through the closure tube 6020 .
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the spine member 6030 may be operably supported by the handle assembly (not shown) in the various manners described above or in other known manners.
  • the distal end 6032 of the spine member 6030 may be formed with a top spine arm 6034 and a bottom spine arm 6036 that protrude in the distal direction DD from the distal end 6032 of the spine member 6030 .
  • the top spine arm 6034 has a pivot hole 6037 therethrough and the bottom spine arm 6036 has a pivot hole 6039 that is substantially coaxially aligned with the pivot hole 6037 along a vertical axis VA-VA.
  • the various embodiments may also include a horizontal locking tube 6040 that extends through the spine member 6030 .
  • the horizontal locking tube 6040 has a proximal end (not shown) that is supported by the handle assembly (not shown) and which may interface with an actuation arrangement (not shown) for axially advancing the horizontal locking tube 6040 axially in the proximal direction PD and distal direction DD within the spine member 6030 and for selectively retaining or locking the horizontal locking tube 6040 in a desired axial position.
  • the actuation arrangement for the horizontal locking tube 6040 may also employ a spring or other arrangement for biasing the horizontal locking tube 6040 in the proximal direction PD after the horizontal locking tube 6040 has been unlocked. As can be seen in FIG.
  • the horizontal locking tube 6040 has a top or first locking bar 6042 that has a series of top or first teeth 6044 formed therein.
  • the horizontal locking bar 6040 further has a bottom or second locking bar 6046 that has a series of bottom or second teeth 6048 formed in the distal end thereof.
  • a vertical locking tube 6050 may extend through the horizontal locking tube 6040 .
  • the vertical locking tube 6050 has a proximal end (not shown) that is supported by the handle assembly (not shown) and which may interface with an actuation arrangement (not shown) for axially advancing the vertical locking tube 6050 axially in the proximal direction PD and distal direction DD within the horizontal locking tube 6040 and for selectively retaining or locking the vertical locking tube 6050 in a desired axial position.
  • the actuation arrangement for the vertical locking tube 6050 may also employ a spring or other arrangement for biasing the vertical locking tube 6050 in the proximal direction PD after the vertical locking tube 6050 has been unlocked.
  • the actuation arrangement employed may be configured to actuate, lock and release the horizontal locking tube 6040 and the vertical locking tube 6050 in simultaneous motions.
  • the vertical locking tube 6050 has a first vertical lock tine 6052 and a second vertical lock tine 6054 .
  • Various embodiments may employ a tool assembly of the types described above that use a cable driven dynamic clamping member and/or knife arrangement.
  • the vertical locking tube may have a cable passage 6056 therethrough to accommodate the drive cables (not shown) that pass from the tool assembly to the handle assembly.
  • the first and second vertical locking tines 6052 , 6054 are oriented for engagement with a vertical locking block 6060 .
  • the vertical locking block 6060 may have a first lateral locking column 6062 that has a series of first lateral teeth 6064 thereon and a second lateral column 6066 that has a series of second lateral teeth 6068 thereon.
  • the first lateral locking column 6062 and the second lateral locking column 6066 are arranged in a spaced apart relation to each other by an upper or first lateral cross bar 6070 and a bottom or second lateral cross bar 6072 that are arranged in a spaced apart relationship to each other to define an actuator-receiving passage 6074 therebetween.
  • the vertical locking block 6060 may be configured for axial travel in the proximal direction PD and distal direction DD relative to an articulation member or block 6080 in response to an actuation motion from the vertical locking tube 6050 .
  • the vertical locking block 6060 may be supported for axial travel toward and away from the articulation block 6080 by a pair of pins 6076 and 6078 that extend into holes 6077 , 6079 in the vertical lock block 6060 and holes (not shown) in articulation block 6080 .
  • the articulation block 6080 may have a longitudinal passage 6082 therethrough for accommodating the drive cables (not shown).
  • a first vertical pin 6084 is received in a hole 6083 in the articulation block and protrudes therefrom to be received in the first pivot hole 6037 in the top or first upper arm 6037 of the spine member 6030 .
  • a lower pin 6089 protrudes from the bottom surface of the articulation block 6080 to be pivotally received in the bottom or second pivot hole in the bottom or second arm 6036 of the spine member 6030 such that the articulation block 6080 may selectively pivot about the vertical axis VA-VA.
  • a proximal end of an elongate channel assembly 6090 may have a first clevis portion or arm 6092 and a second clevis portion or arm 6094 extending in the proximal direction therefrom.
  • the proximal facing face 6096 of the first clevis arm 6092 has a first set of horizontal locking teeth 6068 formed thereon for selective engagement with a corresponding set of second horizontal locking teeth 6064 on the first lateral locking column 6062 .
  • the proximal facing face 6100 of the second clevis arm 6094 has another set of first horizontal locking teeth 6102 formed thereon for selective meshing engagement with another corresponding set of second horizontal locking teeth 6068 on the second lateral locking column 6062 on the vertical lock block 6060 .
  • the first clevis arm 6092 may have a first pivot hole 6093 therethrough that is adapted to pivotally receive a pivot pin 6110 protruding from the articulation block 6080 and the second clevis arm 6094 may have a second pivot hole 6095 therethrough for pivotally receiving a second pivot pin 6112 protruding from the articulation block 6080 such that the channel assembly 6090 may selectively pivot relative to the articulation block 6080 about horizontal axis HA-HA.
  • a first horizontal lock segment 6120 may be attached or integrally formed on an upper surface 6081 of the articulation block 6080 and have a series of first vertical locking teeth 6122 formed therein for engagement with a corresponding set of second vertical locking teeth 6044 formed in the top or first horizontal locking bar 6042 .
  • a second horizontal lock segment 6130 may be attached to or integrally formed with a bottom surface 6083 of the articulation block 6080 and have another series of first vertical locking teeth 6132 formed therein for engagement with a corresponding set of second vertical locking teeth 6048 on the second or bottom locking bar 6046 .
  • the articulation joint 6010 may be provided with a horizontal actuator bar 6140 and a vertical actuator bar 6150 .
  • the horizontal actuator bar 6140 may be fabricated from plastic material, spring steel, etc., for example.
  • the distal end 6142 of the horizontal actuator bar 6140 may be formed with a spherical ball bearing arrangement of the type described above and be pinned to or otherwise attached to the articulation block 6080 .
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the horizontal actuator bar 6140 may be operably attached to a joy stick assembly of the type described above operably supported in the handle assembly or other actuation arrangement for applying pushing and pulling motions to the horizontal actuator bar 6140 . As can be seen in FIGS.
  • the distal end 6152 of the vertical actuator bar 6150 may be coupled to an extension block 6097 formed on the second clevis arm 6094 .
  • the distal end 6152 may be fixedly attached to the extension block 6097 or have a spherical ball bearing formed thereon to be pivotally attached thereto.
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the vertical actuator bar 6150 may be operably attached to a joy stick assembly of the type described above operably supported in the handle assembly or other actuation arrangement for applying pushing and pulling motions to the vertical actuator bar 6150 .
  • either the vertical actuator bar 6150 or the horizontal actuator bar 6140 may be omitted.
  • the vertical actuator bar 6150 can be employed to articulate the channel assembly 6090 (and tool assembly) about the horizontal axis HA-HA and the clinician can articulate the channel assembly 6090 (and tool assembly) about the vertical axis by releasing (unlocking) the horizontal locking tube 6040 and bringing the tool assembly into contact with a portion of the patient's body or another surgical instrument to apply a pivoting force to the channel assembly (and tool assembly) to cause them to pivot about vertical axis VA-VA until they are positioned in the desired position at which time the horizontal locking tube 6040 may be advanced into locking engagement with the horizontal lock members 6120 , 6130 .
  • the horizontal actuator bar can be employed to articulate the channel assembly 6090 (and tool assembly) about the vertical axis VA-VA and the clinician can articulate the channel assembly 6090 (and tool assembly) about the horizontal axis HA-HA by releasing (unlocking) the vertical locking tube 6050 and bringing the tool assembly into contact with a portion of the patient's body or another surgical instrument to apply a pivoting force to the channel assembly 6090 (and tool assembly) to cause them to pivot about horizontal axis HA-HA until they are positioned in the desired position at which time the vertical locking tube 6050 may be advanced into locking engagement with the horizontal locking teeth 6068 , 6102 on the channel devises 6092 , 6094 , respectively.
  • FIGS. 90-105 illustrate another surgical instrument embodiment 7000 of the present invention, that may be disposed of after use.
  • the tool assembly 7002 includes an anvil assembly 7010 that is pivotally coupled to a channel assembly 7020 of the type and construction described above for operably receiving a staple cartridge 7021 therein.
  • the anvil assembly 7020 has a proximal end 7012 that has two anvil trunnions 7014 protruding therefrom that are adapted to be received within corresponding open ended slots 7024 in the walls 7022 of the proximal end 7021 of the channel assembly 7020 .
  • the instrument 7000 may further include a spine member 7030 that has a distal end 7032 that may be attached to the proximal end 7021 of the channel assembly 7020 .
  • closure tube 7040 may be constructed and operated in any one of the above-described manners.
  • the distal end 7042 may be constructed for selective axial contact with a proximal facing ledge 7016 formed in the anvil assembly 7010 such that as the closure tube 7040 is moved in the distal direction DD, the distal end 7042 contacts the ledge 7016 and causes the anvil assembly 7010 to pivot to the closed position ( FIGS. 90-92 ) while the trunnions 7014 are constrained to pivot in their respective slots 7024 by a trunnion lock bar 7050 as will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the closure tube 7040 may be supported by actuation components of the type and construction described above in the handle assembly (not shown) to selectively control the axial movement of the closure 7040 in the distal direction DD and proximal direction PD.
  • the trunnion lock bar 7050 may be slidably supported in an axial slot 7034 provided in the spine 7030 .
  • the proximal end (not shown) of the trunnion lock bar 7050 may interact with actuation members in the handle assembly to move the trunnion lock bar 7050 in the distal direction DD and the proximal direction PD and selective retain the bar 7050 in those positions.
  • the distal end 7052 of the trunnion lock bar 7050 may have two trunnion retention arms 7054 protruding therefrom.
  • FIGS. 90-92 illustrate the trunnion lock bar 7050 in the locked position wherein the trunnion retention arms 7054 retain the trunnions in their respective open ended slots 7024 in the channel assembly 7020 .
  • the anvil assembly 7010 may be in the closed (clamped) position.
  • the clinician can retract the closure tube and the trunnion lock bar 7050 in the proximal direction to permit the trunnions 7014 to popup through the open end 7025 of each slot 7024 as shown in FIG. 95 .
  • the proximal end 7012 of the anvil assembly 7010 is in the position illustrated in FIG. 95 , the person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the tissue that was once clamped between the anvil assembly 7010 and the staple cartridge 7021 can now be released therefrom.
  • FIGS. 104 and 105 illustrate an alternative surgical instrument 4000 ′ embodiment that may have portions that are substantially identical in construction and operation as the surgical instrument 4000 described above.
  • the slots 4014 ′ are opened ended to permit the trunnions 4022 ′ to become disengaged therefrom.
  • the closure ring 4030 when the closure ring 4030 has been advanced to its distal-most position to close the anvil assembly 4020 , the closure ring 4030 also serves to retain the anvil assembly 4020 ′ in the clamped position by virtue of its bearing on the proximal end portion 4024 ′ of the anvil assembly 4020 ′.
  • Surgical instrument 4000 ′ may otherwise operate in an identical manner as surgical instrument 4000 which was described in detail above.
  • the anvil assembly 7010 may be provided with a spring member 7100 that is attached to the underside 7011 of the anvil assembly 7010 as shown in FIG. 95 .
  • the dynamic clamping member 150 which is configured to be driven by one or more drive cables 7110 , 7112 within the elongate channel assembly 7020 by drive cables may be provided with a pin 159 that is oriented to be slidably received in a slot 7018 in the anvil assembly 7010 .
  • the pin 159 serves to draw the anvil assembly 7010 toward to the elongate channel assembly 7020 as the dynamic clamping assembly 150 is driven in the distal direction DD through the elongate channel assembly 7010 .
  • the distal end 7102 of the spring member 7120 extends downwardly to engage the pin 159 when the dynamic clamping assembly 150 has reached its distal-most position as illustrated in FIG. 95 . Thereafter, pulling or otherwise moving the dynamic clamping assembly 150 in the proximal direction will result in the spring 7102 dislodging the pin 159 from the slot 7018 .
  • a dynamic clamping member 150 may include an upper portion 157 , a central support or upward extension 151 , and a bottom portion 152 which cooperates to slidingly retain dynamic clamping member 150 along an ideal cutting path during longitudinal, distal movement thereof within the elongate channel assembly 7020 .
  • the leading cutting edge 155 here, knife blade 155 a , is dimensioned to ride within a slot formed in the staple cartridge 7021 and separate tissue once stapled. It is envisioned that leading edge 155 of the dynamic clamping member 150 may be serrated, beveled or notched to facilitate tissue cutting.
  • the dynamic clamping member 150 may be driven by one or more drive cables 7100 , 7112 .
  • the dynamic clamping assembly 150 may be provided with attachment apertures 7130 and ledges 7132 .
  • other attachment arrangements and drive configurations could be employed.
  • the upper portion 157 of the dynamic clamping member is provided with an open ended slot 7140 for receiving the pin 159 therein. Once the pin 159 contacts the spring 7100 , the pin 159 may be forced out of the open ended slot 7140 .
  • the dynamic clamping member embodiment of FIG. 97 is substantially identical to the embodiment of FIG. 96 , except that the upper portion 157 has a reinforcement member 7150 formed thereon.
  • an undercut portion 7160 is provided in the upper portion and the slot 7162 is initially crimped closed. When the pin 159 contacts the spring 7100 , the bottom portion 7164 forming the slot is permitted to bend downward to release the pin 159 .
  • FIG. 98 an undercut portion 7160 is provided in the upper portion and the slot 7162 is initially crimped closed.
  • the slot 7170 supporting the pin 159 is defined by a bendable flap 7172 that can be bent or deformed to open the slot 7170 to permit the pin to be removed therefrom as illustrated in FIG. 100 .
  • the embodiment depicted in FIG. 101 has a second slot 7190 that communicates with the first pin slot 7180 that enables the first pin slot to be opened to a point wherein the pin can be released therefrom.
  • the pin 159 has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. In the embodiment depicted in FIGS.
  • the pin 159 ′ is provided with lateral wings or gussets 7200 to provide additional support to the pin 159 ′ and minimize any likelihood of the pin bending as the dynamic clamping member 150 is driven through the elongate channel assembly 7020 .
  • the devices disclosed herein can be designed to be disposed of after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. In either case, however, the device may be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning may include any combination of the steps of disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning or replacement of particular pieces, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, the device may be disassembled, and any number of particular pieces or parts of the device can be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. Upon cleaning and/or replacement of particular parts, the device may be reassembled for subsequent use either at a reconditioning facility, or by a surgical team immediately prior to a surgical procedure.
  • reconditioning of a device may utilize a variety of different techniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. Use of such techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all within the scope of the present application.
  • the invention described herein will be processed before surgery.
  • a new or used instrument is obtained and, if necessary, cleaned.
  • the instrument can then be sterilized.
  • the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK® bag.
  • the container and instrument are then placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, or higher energy electrons.
  • the radiation kills bacteria on the instrument and in the container.
  • the sterilized instrument can then be stored in the sterile container.
  • the sealed container keeps the instrument sterile until it is opened in the medical facility.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Structures Or Materials For Encapsulating Or Coating Semiconductor Devices Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US11/820,121 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instruments Abandoned US20080308602A1 (en)

Priority Applications (32)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/820,121 US20080308602A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instruments
US11/820,124 US20080308603A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved cable attachment arrangements
US11/820,077 US7731072B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved anvil opening features
US11/820,049 US7588175B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved firing system
US11/820,119 US7588176B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical cutting instrument with improved closure system
US11/820,161 US7510107B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with apparatus for preventing inadvertent cable disengagement
CN2008101097761A CN101327134B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 具有改进的砧座打开元件的外科缝合和切割器械
AT08252071T ATE483408T1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgisches klammer- und schneidinstrument mit verbessertem verschlusssystem
JP2008157385A JP5355942B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 不慮のケーブルの脱落を防止するための装置を備えたケーブル駆動外科ステープル留め／切断器具
EP08252083A EP2005900B1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instrument d'agrafage chirurgical et de découpe avec des fonctions d'ouverture d'enclume améliorées
JP2008157405A JP5456277B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 ケーブル取り付け装置が改善されたケーブル駆動外科ステープル留め／切断器具
CN2008101097757A CN101327133B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 具有改进的索连接装置的索驱动外科缝合和切割器械
AT08252077T ATE502586T1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgisches klammer- und schneidinstrument mit verbessertem abgabesystem
EP08252078A EP2005899A3 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instrument de découpe et d'agrafage chirurgical commandé par câble avec appareil pour empêcher un désengagement inattendu du câble
CN2008101097780A CN101327136B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 带有改进的击发系统的外科缝合和切割器械
CN200810109774.2A CN101327132B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 外科缝合和切割器械
EP08252084.2A EP2005901B1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instruments de découpe et d'agrafage chirurgical
JP2008157378A JP5490377B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 閉鎖システムが改善された外科ステープル留め／切断器具
EP11175445A EP2382928A1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instruments de découpe et d'agrafage chirurgical
EP08252077A EP2005898B1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instrument d'agrafage chirurgical et de découpe avec un système de déclenchement amélioré
CN2008101097776A CN101327135B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 带阻止索意外脱离设备的索驱动外科缝合和切割器械
DE602008002854T DE602008002854D1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgisches Klammer- und Schneidinstrument mit verbessertem Verschlusssystem
CN2008101097795A CN101327137B (zh) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 带有改进的闭合系统的外科缝合和切割器械
DE602008005672T DE602008005672D1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgisches Klammer- und Schneidinstrument mit verbessertem Abgabesystem
EP08252071A EP2005896B1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instrument d'agrafage chirurgical et de découpe avec un système de fermeture amélioré
JP2008157392A JP5528684B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 外科ステープル留め／切断器具
AT08252083T ATE495704T1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgische klammervorrichtung und schneidinstrument mit verbesserten ambossöffnungseigenschaften
PL08252084T PL2005901T3 (pl) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Chirurgiczne narzędzia do zszywania i cięcia
JP2008157371A JP5335295B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 発射システムが改善された外科ステープル留め／切断器具
DE602008004590T DE602008004590D1 (de) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 ent mit verbesserten Ambossöffnungseigenschaften
JP2008157412A JP5295653B2 (ja) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 アンビル開放特徴部が改善された外科ステープル留め／切断器具
EP08252072A EP2005897A3 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-06-17 Instrument de découpage et d'agrafage chirurgical commandé par câble avec agencements de fixation améliorés par câble

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/820,161 US7510107B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with apparatus for preventing inadvertent cable disengagement
US11/820,121 US20080308602A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instruments
US11/820,119 US7588176B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical cutting instrument with improved closure system
US11/820,049 US7588175B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved firing system
US11/820,077 US7731072B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved anvil opening features
US11/820,124 US20080308603A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved cable attachment arrangements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080308602A1 true US20080308602A1 (en) 2008-12-18

Family

ID=55969502

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/820,049 Active US7588175B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved firing system
US11/820,121 Abandoned US20080308602A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instruments
US11/820,119 Active US7588176B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical cutting instrument with improved closure system
US11/820,161 Expired - Fee Related US7510107B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with apparatus for preventing inadvertent cable disengagement
US11/820,124 Abandoned US20080308603A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved cable attachment arrangements
US11/820,077 Active 2027-12-27 US7731072B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved anvil opening features

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/820,049 Active US7588175B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved firing system

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/820,119 Active US7588176B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical cutting instrument with improved closure system
US11/820,161 Expired - Fee Related US7510107B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with apparatus for preventing inadvertent cable disengagement
US11/820,124 Abandoned US20080308603A1 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Cable driven surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved cable attachment arrangements
US11/820,077 Active 2027-12-27 US7731072B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Surgical stapling and cutting instrument with improved anvil opening features

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (6) US7588175B2 (fr)
EP (7) EP2005901B1 (fr)
JP (6) JP5528684B2 (fr)
CN (6) CN101327132B (fr)
AT (3) ATE502586T1 (fr)
DE (3) DE602008002854D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2005901T3 (fr)

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JP5355942B2 (ja) 2013-11-27
EP2005896A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
DE602008005672D1 (de) 2011-05-05
CN101327132A (zh) 2008-12-24
ATE502586T1 (de) 2011-04-15
JP5456277B2 (ja) 2014-03-26
EP2005898A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
EP2005897A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
EP2005896B1 (fr) 2010-10-06
US7510107B2 (en) 2009-03-31
US20080308604A1 (en) 2008-12-18
JP2009028516A (ja) 2009-02-12
CN101327132B (zh) 2014-05-07
DE602008004590D1 (de) 2011-03-03
EP2005900A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
EP2005900B1 (fr) 2011-01-19
US20080308606A1 (en) 2008-12-18
JP2009028517A (ja) 2009-02-12
US20080308607A1 (en) 2008-12-18
JP2009034487A (ja) 2009-02-19
CN101327133B (zh) 2012-05-30
US7731072B2 (en) 2010-06-08
CN101327136A (zh) 2008-12-24
US7588175B2 (en) 2009-09-15
JP5528684B2 (ja) 2014-06-25
CN101327134B (zh) 2012-07-18
PL2005901T3 (pl) 2015-05-29
CN101327137B (zh) 2013-06-05
CN101327134A (zh) 2008-12-24
US7588176B2 (en) 2009-09-15
EP2005899A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
JP2009028518A (ja) 2009-02-12
CN101327136B (zh) 2012-02-29
EP2005897A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
JP2009034486A (ja) 2009-02-19
DE602008002854D1 (de) 2010-11-18
EP2005901B1 (fr) 2014-12-03
EP2005898B1 (fr) 2011-03-23
EP2005901A1 (fr) 2008-12-24
US20080308601A1 (en) 2008-12-18
EP2005900A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
JP2009028519A (ja) 2009-02-12
EP2005896A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
EP2382928A1 (fr) 2011-11-02
EP2005899A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
JP5490377B2 (ja) 2014-05-14
CN101327135B (zh) 2012-05-30
EP2005898A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
ATE483408T1 (de) 2010-10-15
CN101327133A (zh) 2008-12-24
JP5335295B2 (ja) 2013-11-06
JP5295653B2 (ja) 2013-09-18
CN101327137A (zh) 2008-12-24
ATE495704T1 (de) 2011-02-15
US20080308603A1 (en) 2008-12-18
CN101327135A (zh) 2008-12-24

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