UA91908C2 - Способ и устройство для производства соединений металлов - Google Patents

Способ и устройство для производства соединений металлов

Info

Publication number
UA91908C2
UA91908C2 UAA200812511A UAA200812511A UA91908C2 UA 91908 C2 UA91908 C2 UA 91908C2 UA A200812511 A UAA200812511 A UA A200812511A UA A200812511 A UAA200812511 A UA A200812511A UA 91908 C2 UA91908 C2 UA 91908C2
Authority
UA
Ukraine
Prior art keywords
aluminium
titanium
production
compounds
amount
Prior art date
Application number
UAA200812511A
Other languages
English (en)
Ukrainian (uk)
Inventor
Джавад Хайдар
Сабаратнасингам Гнарараджан
Джон Бертон Данлоп
Original Assignee
Коммонвелт Сайентифик Энд Индастриал Рисерч Организейшн
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006901558A external-priority patent/AU2006901558A0/en
Application filed by Коммонвелт Сайентифик Энд Индастриал Рисерч Организейшн filed Critical Коммонвелт Сайентифик Энд Индастриал Рисерч Организейшн
Publication of UA91908C2 publication Critical patent/UA91908C2/ru

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
    • C22B34/1268—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams
    • C22B34/1272—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams reduction of titanium halides, e.g. Kroll process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/28—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from gaseous metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
    • C22B34/1277—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using other metals, e.g. Al, Si, Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
    • C22B21/0046—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from aluminium halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/06—Alloys

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Данное изобретение касается поэтапного способа производства соединений титана-алюминия и некоторых титановых сплавов, а также интерметалидних соединений и сплавов титана-алюминия. На первом этапе некоторое количество алюминия смешивают с некоторым количеством хлорида алюминия (АlСl), а затем к этой смеси добавляют некоторое количество хлорида титана (TiСl). Смесь нагревают до температуры менее 220 ° С с образованием продукта TiСl, алюминия и АlСl. На втором этапе, причем при необходимости можно добавить еще алюминий, смесь снова нагревают до температуры выше 900 °С с образованием соединений титана-алюминия. Этот способ обеспечивает в результате производство порошковых форм соединений титана-алюминия с контролируемым составом. Также описано приемлемое устройство реактора.
UAA200812511A 2006-03-27 2007-03-27 Способ и устройство для производства соединений металлов UA91908C2 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006901558A AU2006901558A0 (en) 2006-03-27 Apparatus and methods for the production of metal compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
UA91908C2 true UA91908C2 (ru) 2010-09-10

Family

ID=38540718

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
UAA200812511A UA91908C2 (ru) 2006-03-27 2007-03-27 Способ и устройство для производства соединений металлов

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8821612B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP1999285B1 (ru)
JP (2) JP5479886B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR101399803B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN101454467B (ru)
AU (1) AU2007231543B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2644430C (ru)
EA (1) EA014894B1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2394851T3 (ru)
UA (1) UA91908C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2007109847A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101148573B1 (ko) * 2003-07-04 2012-05-21 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 금속 화합물의 제조를 위한 방법 및 장치
KR101399803B1 (ko) 2006-03-27 2014-05-27 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 금속 화합물을 제조하기 위한 장치 및 방법
EP2296805B1 (en) * 2008-04-21 2017-11-08 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Method and apparatus for forming titanium-aluminium based alloys
KR101814219B1 (ko) * 2009-12-18 2018-01-02 코몬웰스 싸이언티픽 엔드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 낮은 알루미늄 티타늄-알루미늄 합금의 생성방법
WO2011106804A1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Csir Titanium powder production process
JP6108397B2 (ja) * 2010-05-04 2017-04-05 コモンウェルス サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ オーガニゼーション プロセス材料から金属を回収する方法およびその方法を実施するための反応器
CN103781922B (zh) * 2011-07-08 2016-01-06 英菲纽姆股份有限公司 用于冷凝金属蒸气的设备和方法
AT516062B1 (de) * 2015-01-15 2016-02-15 Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Gegenstandes und damit hergestellte Beschichtung
CN104625081B (zh) * 2015-01-26 2017-02-01 北京科技大学 一种熔盐法制备钛铝合金粉末的方法
CN108350526A (zh) * 2015-08-14 2018-07-31 库吉钛私人有限公司 从复合材料中回收含金属材料的方法
JP6995742B2 (ja) * 2015-08-14 2022-02-04 クージー チタニウム ピーティーワイ リミテッド 容積当たりの表面積が大きい反応性粒子を用いる方法
EP3334847A4 (en) 2015-08-14 2018-06-27 Coogee Titanium Pty Ltd Method for production of a composite material using excess oxidant
EP3472367A4 (en) * 2016-06-20 2019-12-25 Othrys Technologies Pty Ltd COATING PARTICULAR SUBSTRATES
AU2017280093B2 (en) * 2016-06-20 2022-07-07 D-Block Coating Pty Ltd Coating process and coated materials
KR102036486B1 (ko) * 2016-07-06 2019-10-24 키날텍 피티와이. 엘티디. 발열 금속 시스템의 열 화학적 처리
RU2750608C2 (ru) * 2016-09-14 2021-06-29 ЮНИВЕРСАЛ АКЕМЕТАЛ ТИТАНИУМ, ЭлЭлСи Способ производства сплава титан-алюминий-ванадий
RU2734225C1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2020-10-13 Дженерал Электрик Компани Получение титановых сплавов посредством восстановления тетрахлорида титана
WO2018075896A1 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 General Electric Company Producing titanium alloy materials through reduction of titanium tetrachloride
EP3512655B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2022-11-30 General Electric Company Producing titanium alloy materials through reduction of titanium tetrahalide
CN106745217B (zh) * 2017-03-14 2018-02-06 江苏展钛科技有限公司 一种用于铝粉还原四氯化钛制取三氯化钛的方法及反应器
CN107350482B (zh) * 2017-06-19 2019-08-02 西安建筑科技大学 一种V-Ti-Fe储氢合金粉的液相反应制备方法
CN113427016B (zh) * 2021-07-08 2024-02-13 安徽理工大学 一种制备细微钛铝金属间化合物粉末的装置及其生产方法
CN113774235B (zh) * 2021-08-25 2022-06-21 西安交通大学 一种间歇式连续提取皮江法炼镁中的结晶镁的方法及装置
CN114000076B (zh) * 2021-11-04 2022-05-27 四川大学 一种初始凝固相为β相的多取向片层组织TiAl合金及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2005443A (en) * 1934-03-14 1935-06-18 Walter R Steele Harmonica
US2745735A (en) 1953-04-28 1956-05-15 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of producing titanium
GB757873A (en) 1954-12-08 1956-09-26 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Production of titanium
US3004848A (en) 1958-10-02 1961-10-17 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Method of making titanium and zirconium alloys
US3252823A (en) 1961-10-17 1966-05-24 Du Pont Process for aluminum reduction of metal halides in preparing alloys and coatings
BE645733A (ru) 1963-04-23
FR1471183A (fr) 1965-12-31 1967-03-03 Kuhlmann Ets Procédé pour l'obtention de poudres métalliques ou composites par réduction directe des halogénures correspondants
US3455678A (en) 1967-01-16 1969-07-15 Ethyl Corp Process for the concurrent production of aif3 and a metallic titanium product
US3684264A (en) 1971-01-06 1972-08-15 Vasily Ivanovich Petrov Apparatus for reduction of titanium halides and subsequent vacuum separation of reduction products
US3900312A (en) 1972-10-16 1975-08-19 Toth Aluminum Corp Reduction of aluminum chloride by manganese
NL7607838A (nl) 1975-09-08 1977-03-10 Stauffer Chemical Co Werkwijze voor de bereiding van een katalysa- torcomponent en het met deze werkwijze verkre- gen produkt.
JPS5278608A (en) 1975-12-25 1977-07-02 Arita Kenkyusho Kk Dechloridizing titanium group meta chloride
JPS5350099A (en) 1976-10-20 1978-05-08 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Production of titanium carbide
GB1566363A (en) 1978-03-21 1980-04-30 G Ni I Pi Redkometallich Promy Magnesium-thermic reduction of chlorides
FR2505364A1 (fr) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-12 Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim Procede de fabrication d'alliages de titane et d'aluminium
CA1202183A (en) 1982-05-31 1986-03-25 Hiroshi Ishizuka Apparatus and method for producing purified refractory metal from a chloride thereof
US4447045A (en) 1982-07-21 1984-05-08 Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for preparing high-melting-point high-toughness metals
JPS59226127A (ja) 1983-04-27 1984-12-19 Mitsubishi Metal Corp 高融点高靭性金属の製造装置
EP0134643A3 (en) 1983-07-08 1986-12-30 Solex Research Corporation of Japan Preparing metallic zirconium, hafnium or titanium
BR8402087A (pt) * 1984-05-04 1985-12-10 Vale Do Rio Doce Co Processo de obtencao de titanio metalico a partir de um concentrado de anastasio,por aluminotermia e magnesiotermia
JPS6415334A (en) 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Toho Titanium Co Ltd Production of metal from metal halide
JPS6452031A (en) 1987-08-24 1989-02-28 Toho Titanium Co Ltd Production of titanium alloy
JPH0747787B2 (ja) 1989-05-24 1995-05-24 株式会社エヌ・ケイ・アール チタン粉末またはチタン複合粉末の製造方法
JPH04107234A (ja) 1990-08-27 1992-04-08 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高強度高靭性チタン合金
JPH06505306A (ja) 1991-02-21 1994-06-16 ザ・ユニバーシティー・オブ・メルボルン 金属チタンならびにチタン鉄鉱および関連鉱物を処理する際に有用な中間体の製造方法
CN1101080A (zh) * 1993-09-28 1995-04-05 峨眉山市汇海经济技术开发公司 一种用铝热法生产高钛铁的方法
US5460642A (en) 1994-03-21 1995-10-24 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Aerosol reduction process for metal halides
RU2082561C1 (ru) 1994-12-15 1997-06-27 Акционерное общество "Российский научно-исследовательский и проектный институт титана и магния" Способ получения интерметаллида титан - алюминий в форме порошка
US5749937A (en) 1995-03-14 1998-05-12 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Fast quench reactor and method
US6168173B1 (en) * 1997-11-19 2001-01-02 The Burton Corporation Snowboard boot with binding interface
JP4132526B2 (ja) 1999-12-28 2008-08-13 東邦チタニウム株式会社 粉末状チタンの製造方法
US6699305B2 (en) * 2000-03-21 2004-03-02 James J. Myrick Production of metals and their alloys
UA38454A (ru) 2000-07-06 2001-05-15 Державний Науково-Дослідний Та Проектний Інститут Титану Способ получения смешанных кристаллов трихлоридов титана и алюминия
US6902601B2 (en) 2002-09-12 2005-06-07 Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. Method of making elemental materials and alloys
KR101148573B1 (ko) * 2003-07-04 2012-05-21 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 금속 화합물의 제조를 위한 방법 및 장치
JP4107234B2 (ja) 2003-12-22 2008-06-25 松下電工株式会社 温水床暖房パネル
JP5232988B2 (ja) 2006-02-27 2013-07-10 国立大学法人名古屋大学 ナノ粒子の製造方法
KR101399803B1 (ko) 2006-03-27 2014-05-27 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 금속 화합물을 제조하기 위한 장치 및 방법
EP2296805B1 (en) 2008-04-21 2017-11-08 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Method and apparatus for forming titanium-aluminium based alloys
UA38454U (en) 2008-08-14 2009-01-12 Вячеслав Андреевич Барабаш Induction heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2009531537A (ja) 2009-09-03
US20090165597A1 (en) 2009-07-02
WO2007109847A1 (en) 2007-10-04
KR101399803B1 (ko) 2014-05-27
JP5886815B2 (ja) 2016-03-16
EP1999285A1 (en) 2008-12-10
EA014894B1 (ru) 2011-02-28
EP1999285A4 (en) 2010-05-12
KR20080106479A (ko) 2008-12-05
CN101454467A (zh) 2009-06-10
JP2014074232A (ja) 2014-04-24
EA200870372A1 (ru) 2009-02-27
CA2644430C (en) 2015-06-30
AU2007231543A1 (en) 2007-10-04
AU2007231543B2 (en) 2011-07-21
ES2394851T3 (es) 2013-02-06
EP1999285B1 (en) 2012-08-01
US8821612B2 (en) 2014-09-02
CN101454467B (zh) 2014-01-08
JP5479886B2 (ja) 2014-04-23
CA2644430A1 (en) 2007-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
UA91908C2 (ru) Способ и устройство для производства соединений металлов
EP3327154B1 (en) Method for preparing titanium or titanium aluminum alloy and byproduct- titanium-free cryolite through two-stage aluminothermic reduction
Chang et al. The effects of solder volume and Cu concentration on the consumption rate of Cu pad during reflow soldering
CN103834834B (zh) 一种可阳极氧化的高性能压铸铝合金及其制备方法
MX2010007826A (es) Polvo de metal o de aleacion flegmatizado y procedimiento y/o recipiente de reaccion para su fabricacion.
Chang et al. Thermodynamic description of the Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Si quinary system and its application to solidification simulation
RU2013151120A (ru) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРОШКОВ СПЛАВОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТИТАНА, ЦИРКОНИЯ И ГАФНИЯ, ЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ Ni, Cu, Ta, W, Re, Os И Ir
JP2012046415A5 (ru)
TW200742541A (en) Solder deposition and thermal processing of thin-die thermal interface material
UA99134C2 (ru) Спекшийся продукт на основе оксида алюминия и оксида хрома, способ его изготовления и огнеупорный элемент, изготовленный из него
WO2009051254A1 (ja) 銅合金粉末およびその製造方法
JP2008507822A5 (ru)
Zhou et al. A first-principles study on the structural stability of Al2Ca Al4Ca and Mg2Ca phases
CA2610918A1 (en) Processes for treating aluminium dross residues
Fang et al. Prenucleation at the liquid-Al/α-Al2O3 and the liquid-Al/MgO interfaces
CN102703738A (zh) Al－Ti－B－C四元晶粒细化剂的制备方法
CN106756146A (zh) 一种Al‑Ti‑C‑Ce细化剂的制备方法
Wang et al. Elucidating the effect of Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio upon SiO2-MnO-CaF2-Al2O3-based welding fluxes: Structural analysis and thermodynamic evaluation
Zhao et al. Fabrication of Ti-Al intermetallics by a two-stage aluminothermic reduction process using Na2TiF6
WO2009086721A8 (en) Valve metal particles and the method for preparing the same
CN101774013B (zh) 用于Mg-Al合金的晶粒复合细化剂及其制备方法
Krizik et al. The oxidation behavior of gas-atomized Al and Al alloy powder green compacts during heating before hot extrusion and the suggested heating process
CN107267780A (zh) 一种钒铝合金的生产方法
Agraval et al. Calorimetric investigation of mixing enthalpy of liquid (Co+ Cu+ Zr) alloys at T= 1873 K
WO2003089676A8 (en) Iterative cycle process for carbon supersaturation of molten metal and solid metals obtained thereby