TWI849196B - 乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物、薄膜、以及多層結構體 - Google Patents
乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物、薄膜、以及多層結構體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI849196B TWI849196B TW109126795A TW109126795A TWI849196B TW I849196 B TWI849196 B TW I849196B TW 109126795 A TW109126795 A TW 109126795A TW 109126795 A TW109126795 A TW 109126795A TW I849196 B TWI849196 B TW I849196B
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- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- metal
- resin composition
- film
- vinyl alcohol
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- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 104
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 104
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 41
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- -1 hydroxyalkyl vinylene diacetates Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N zafuleptine Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(C(C)C)NCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical group NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRWZCJXEAOZAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C(C)=C QRWZCJXEAOZAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMDZGJOTVBKZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine;2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCN(C)C.CC(=C)C(N)=O YMDZGJOTVBKZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTJHQIIGCAGNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carbamoylamino) formate Chemical compound NC(=O)NOC=O HTJHQIIGCAGNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVYVKSBVZFBBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)NC(=O)C=C MVYVKSBVZFBBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIBCJRYCOGXPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(propanoyloxymethyl)prop-2-enyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(=C)COC(=O)CC DIBCJRYCOGXPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFFYKITVXPZLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(=C)CO JFFYKITVXPZLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUZRCMMVHXRSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CC(C)CS(O)(=O)=O AUZRCMMVHXRSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Buten-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC=C ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJIXGFONLKUPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-2-(butoxymethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCOCC(=C)COCCCC NJIXGFONLKUPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFHDFBALZJMPST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxy-2-(ethoxymethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical compound CCOCC(=C)COCC FFHDFBALZJMPST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJHZOVDCJJUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenepentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(=C)CCO JUJHZOVDCJJUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ITMIAZBRRZANGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-ene-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)C=C ITMIAZBRRZANGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
就於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其於高濕度下的氧氣阻障性優良的乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物而言,本發明提供一種乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,其含有乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物、及金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有峰部。
Description
本發明關於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,更詳細而言,關於可獲得在高濕度下具有高阻氣性之薄膜的乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物。
乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物之透明性、氧氣等之阻氣性、香味保持性、耐溶劑性、耐油性、機械強度等優良,並被成形為薄膜、片材、瓶等且廣泛地使用作為食品包裝材料、醫藥品包裝材料、工業藥品包裝材料、農藥包裝材料等各種包裝材料。
但是,乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物在分子內具有較具活性之羥基,故容易受濕度之影響且影響大,於高濕度環境下,其阻氣性會顯著地降低。
就提高乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物之阻氣性的乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物薄膜而言,專利文獻1揭示一種乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物薄膜,係使無機化合物均勻地分散於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物而成。
又,專利文獻2揭示一種遮蔽紫外線之薄膜,係藉由使氧化鋅超微粒良好地分散於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物,而透明性優良。
[專利文獻1] 國際公開第2016/088862號
[專利文獻2] 日本特開2004-91521號公報
但是,上述專利文獻1所揭示之薄膜係使無機化合物分散於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物來改善阻氣性,惟,其於高濕度下的阻氣性並未令人滿意,並要求更進一步的改善。
又,專利文獻2雖然提供於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物含有氧化鋅超微粒之薄膜,但並非以改善高濕度下的阻氣性作為課題,故於高濕度下的阻氣性不足,並要求更進一步的改善。
於是,本發明在如此的背景下,提供一種乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,係於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其於高濕度下的氧氣阻障性優良。
然後,本發明人們發現,在乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物中,含有金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部者,於高濕度下的阻氣性優良。
亦即,本發明之第1要旨為一種乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,含有乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物、及金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部。
又,本發明之第2要旨為含有上述第1要旨之乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物的薄膜,此外,第3要旨為具有至少一層由上述第2要旨之薄膜構成的層之多層結構體。
本發明之乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物係含有乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物、及金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部者。在具有該繞射峰部之化合物的周圍存在有乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物分子、水分子時,和乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物以分子等級進行交互作用之結果,由該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物構成的薄膜成為高濕度下中的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性優良者。
上述金屬化合物之金屬換算含量相對於乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物100重量份,為0.01~10重量份的話,製成薄膜時,可製成於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性更優良者。
上述金屬化合物所具有的金屬種(metal species)係選自於Zn、Co、Ni中之至少1種的話,製成薄膜時,可製成於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性更優良者。
含有本發明之乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物的薄膜,可製成於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性優良者。
上述薄膜在20℃、90%RH之條件下的透氧度為15cc.20μm/m2.day.atm以下的話,可製成於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性更優良者。
具有至少一層由上述薄膜構成的層之多層結構體,可製成於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性優良者。
以下,針對用以實施本發明之形態具體地進行說明,但本發明不限於此。
又,在本發明中,有時會將「乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物」稱為「EVOH」。
<EVOH樹脂組成物>
本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物含有EVOH、及金屬化合物。
又,本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物考慮高濕度下中的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性優良的觀點,使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之主峰部。此外,宜於2θ=2~9°具有主峰部,於2θ=3~8°具有主峰部特佳。
據推測在本發明中,上述使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之主峰部的化合物會和EVOH進行交互作用,而EVOH的極性會變高,藉此可獲得高濕度下之氧氣阻障性優良的效果。
又,上述於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之主峰部的化合物宜為來自金屬化合物之峰部。
另外,上述廣角X射線繞射係利用下述條件進行測定者。
.使用設備:D8 DISCOVER(Bruker Japan公司製)
.檢測器:二維檢測器VANTEC-500(Bruker Japan公司製)
.電壓:50kV
.電流:100mA
.相機長度(camera length):100mm
.測定方法:反射法
.累計時間:30分鐘或60分鐘
.波長:CuKα線(Kα1、Kα2未分離)
.檢測器位置:2θ=10°
.X射線入射角:θ=0.3°
.2θ方向一維化的條件:2θ=0~35°,方位角(chi)=-95~-85°
.方位角方向一維化:方位角(chi)=-180~0°
沿方位角方向進行一維化時係以包含2θ=2~15°之範圍內繞射強度最強的峰部之方式以1.0°之範圍沿方位角方向進行一維化。此時,於方位角-180~0°之範
圍觀測到峰部,則判斷為於2θ=2~15°之範圍觀測到繞射峰部。例如,在2θ=6.8°觀測到繞射峰部的情況,若於2θ=6.0~7.0°之範圍沿方位角方向進行一維化時,在方位角=-180~0°之範圍觀測到峰部,則即可判斷為於2θ=2~15°之範圍觀測到繞射峰部。
上述廣角X射線繞射所使用的樣本可直接使用後述製成薄膜狀態之EVOH樹脂組成物。又,在上述EVOH樹脂組成物之薄膜和其它基材疊層的情況,若可將EVOH樹脂組成物層剝離時,則將EVOH樹脂組成物層剝離後實施測定,若無法剝離時,則可直接以和其它基材疊層的狀態實施測定。另外,在測定時,已剝離的EVOH樹脂組成物層(薄膜)之厚度宜為30μm以上,薄膜之厚度不足時,也可將薄膜予以疊層。
以下,針對本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物所含的EVOH進行說明。
上述EVOH通常係可藉由使乙烯與乙烯酯系單體的共聚物即乙烯-乙烯酯系共聚物進行皂化而得的樹脂,且為非水溶性之熱塑性樹脂。上述乙烯酯系單體考量經濟方面,一般而言可使用乙酸乙烯酯。
乙烯與乙烯酯系單體之聚合法可使用公知的任意聚合法,例如使用溶液聚合、懸浮聚合、乳化聚合來實施,一般而言會使用以甲醇作為溶劑之溶液聚合。得到的乙烯-乙烯酯系共聚物的皂化也能以公知的方法實施。
以此方式製造的EVOH係以來自乙烯的結構單元與乙烯醇結構單元為主,且通常含有未皂化而殘存的些許乙烯酯結構單元。
上述乙烯酯系單體考慮市場取得性、製造時的雜質處理效率佳之觀點,具代表性可使用乙酸乙烯酯。其它乙烯酯系單體例如可列舉:甲酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、戊酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、異丁酸乙烯酯、三甲基乙酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸乙烯酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯等脂肪族乙烯酯;苯甲酸乙烯酯等芳香族乙烯酯等,通常可使用碳數3~20,宜為碳數4~10,為碳數4~7特佳之脂肪族乙烯酯。它們可單獨使用或合併使用2種以上。
上述EVOH中的乙烯結構單元之含量可利用使乙烯酯系單體與乙烯進行共聚合時的乙烯之壓力來控制,通常為20~60mol%,宜為25~50mol%,為25~35mol%特佳。該含量過低時,會有高濕下之阻氣性、熔融成形性降低的傾向,相反地過高時,會有阻氣性降低的傾向。
另外,該乙烯結構單元之含量可基於ISO14663進行測定。
又,EVOH中的乙烯酯成分之皂化度可利用將乙烯-乙烯酯系共聚物進行皂化時的皂化觸媒(通常可使用氫氧化鈉等鹼性觸媒)之量、溫度、時間等來控制,通常為90~100mol%,宜為95~100mol%,為99~100mol%特佳。該皂化度過低時,會有阻氣性、熱安定性、耐濕性等降低的傾向。
該EVOH的皂化度可基於JIS K6726(惟,EVOH係使用均勻地溶解於水/甲醇溶劑而成的溶液形式)進行測定。
又,上述EVOH之熔體流動速率(MFR)(210℃,荷重2160g)通常為0.5~100g/10分鐘,宜為1~50g/10分鐘,為3~35g/10分鐘特佳。該MFR過大時,會有製膜性變得不安定的傾向,過小時,會有黏度變得過高而使熔融擠壓變得困難之傾向。
該MFR係EVOH之聚合度的指標,可利用將乙烯與乙烯酯系單體進行共聚合時的聚合起始劑之量、或溶劑之量來調整。
又,EVOH中,在不妨礙本發明之效果的範圍(例如,EVOH之10mol%以下),也可更包含來自如下所示之共聚單體的結構單元。
上述共聚單體可列舉:丙烯、1-丁烯、異丁烯等烯烴類;3-丁烯-1-醇、3-丁烯-1,2-二醇、4-戊烯-1-醇、5-己烯-1,2-二醇等含羥基之α-烯烴類或其酯化物、醯化物等衍生物;2-亞甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇、3-亞甲基戊烷-1,5-二醇等羥基烷基亞乙烯類;1,3-二乙醯氧基-2-亞甲基丙烷、1,3-二丙醯氧基-2-亞甲基丙烷、1,3-二丁醯基氧基-2-亞甲基丙烷等羥基烷基亞乙烯二乙酸酯類;丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、鄰苯二甲酸(酐)、馬來酸(酐)、伊康酸(酐)等不飽和酸類或其鹽或烷基之碳數為1~18之單或二烷基酯類;丙烯醯胺、烷基之碳數為1~18之N-烷基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、2-丙烯醯胺丙磺酸或其鹽、丙烯醯胺丙基二甲基胺或其酸鹽或其4級鹽等丙烯醯胺類;甲基丙烯醯胺、烷基之碳數為1~18之N-烷基甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、2-甲基丙烯醯胺丙磺酸或其鹽、甲基丙烯醯胺丙基二甲基胺或其酸鹽或其4級鹽等甲基丙烯醯胺類;N-乙烯基吡咯啶酮、N-乙烯基甲醯胺、N-乙烯基乙醯胺等N-乙烯基醯胺類;丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等氰化乙烯類;烷基之碳數為1~18之烷基乙烯醚、羥基烷基乙烯醚、烷氧基烷基乙烯醚等乙烯醚類;氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、溴化乙烯等鹵化乙烯系化合物類;三甲氧基乙烯基矽烷等乙烯系矽烷類;乙酸烯丙酯、氯丙烯等烯丙基鹵化物類;烯丙醇、二甲氧基烯丙醇等烯丙醇類;三甲基-(3-丙
烯醯胺-3-二甲基丙基)-氯化銨、丙烯醯胺-2-甲基丙磺酸等共聚單體。它們可單獨使用或合併使用2種以上。
尤其,於側鏈具有1級羥基之EVOH就保持阻氣性同時二次成形性良好的方面較為理想,其中,宜為共聚合有含羥基之α-烯烴類而成的EVOH,為於側鏈具有1,2-二醇結構之EVOH特佳。
尤其,於側鏈具有1級羥基之EVOH的情況,來自具有該1級羥基之單體的結構單元之含量通常為EVOH之0.1~20mol%,為0.5~15mol%更佳,為1~10mol%特佳。
又,本發明所使用的EVOH也可為經胺甲酸酯化、縮醛化、氰乙基化、氧伸烷基化、醯化等「後改性」者。
此外,本發明所使用的EVOH也可為和不同的其它EVOH之混合物,該其它EVOH可列舉皂化度不同者、聚合度不同者、共聚合成分不同者等。
上述EVOH宜為EVOH樹脂組成物的主成分,EVOH相對於EVOH樹脂組成物整體之含量通常為80重量%以上,宜為90重量%以上,為95重量%以上特佳。另外,上限通常為99.99重量%。
如上所述,本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物係含有上述EVOH與金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部者。
上述金屬化合物宜具有特定的結構單元以特定的面間隔形成層狀之結構,為含金屬之層狀化合物特佳。又,上述金屬化合物不具有側氧基配位子較理想。金屬化合物具有側氧基配位子時,會有和EVOH之交互作用會變弱,且無法獲得足夠的阻氣性之傾向。
上述金屬化合物所具有的金屬種(metal species)可列舉例如:Na、K、Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn等。這些金屬種可單獨含有或也可含有2種以上。其中,考慮高濕度下的氧氣阻障性優良之觀點,為Ni、Co、Zn特佳,為Zn尤佳。
另外,本發明所使用的金屬化合物係排除例如三水鋁石(gibbsite)、高嶺石(kaolinite)、伊萊石(illite)/雲母、綠土(smectite)、蛭石(vermiculite)、綠泥石(chlorite)、鐵化合物、水晶、非晶質礦物、碳酸鹽礦物等一般的黏土礦物者。
考慮和EVOH之分子、水分子之交互作用的觀點,上述含金屬之層狀化合物的層間距離(層與層之距離)宜為0.01~50nm,為0.1~30nm更佳。上述含金屬之層狀化合物的層間距離可基於以X射線繞射法進行分析時之2θ=2~15°的範圍中強度最強之峰部的繞射位置,並由Bragg之公式進行計算。
考慮能以EVOH之分子等級進行交互作用之觀點,從上述含金屬之層狀化合物剝離後之層狀結構單元的分子量宜為100~10,000,為200~2,000特佳。
又,考慮和EVOH之分子的交互作用之觀點,上述層狀結構單元宜為親水性。
此外,上述層狀結構單元宜在20℃、90%RH之環境下靜置1,000小時仍不會分解。
EVOH樹脂組成物中的金屬化合物之金屬換算含量相對於EVOH100重量份,通常為0.01~10重量份,宜為0.05~8重量份,為0.1~5重量份特佳,為0.2~3重量份尤佳。金屬化合物之含量過少的話,會有高濕度下的氧氣阻障性降低之傾向,金屬化合物之含量過高的話,會有製成薄膜等時白化而透明性降低之傾向。
另外,EVOH樹脂組成物含有多種不同金屬種的金屬化合物時,係令EVOH樹脂組成物所含的全部金屬化合物之合計量為含量。
又,上述金屬化合物之含量可利用使用了ICP-MS之標準添加法求得。
本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物例如可利用下列方法來製備:(I)在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應之方法、(II)在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中將含金屬之化合物進行加熱來使其反應之方法、(III)於EVOH混合事先已使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應而成的金屬化合物之方法等。
上述含金屬之化合物所具有的金屬種可列舉前述金屬化合物所說明的金屬種,其中,宜為Ni、Co、Zn,為Zn更佳。
又,上述含金屬之化合物可列舉例如:有機酸金屬鹽、無機金屬鹽等。其中,考慮反應性之觀點,宜為有機酸金屬鹽。
構成上述有機酸金屬鹽之有機酸可列舉例如:乙酸、烷基之碳數為2~20之羥基烷基羧酸等1價羧酸;琥珀酸、草酸、酒石酸等2價羧酸;檸檬酸、乙二胺
四乙酸等3價以上之羧酸等。它們可單獨使用或也可合併使用2種以上。又,有機酸金屬鹽可為水合物,也可為酸酐。
考慮高濕度下之氧氣阻障性優良的觀點,上述有機酸金屬鹽宜為1價羧酸金屬鹽,為乙酸金屬鹽、烷基之碳數為2~20之羥基烷基羧酸金屬鹽特佳,為乙酸鋅、烷基之碳數為2~20之羥基烷基羧酸鋅尤佳,為乙酸鋅、烷基之碳數為2~8之羥基烷基羧酸鋅或它們的水合物再更佳。
上述無機金屬鹽可列舉例如:金屬之氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、含氧酸等。它們可單獨使用或也可合併使用2種以上。又,無機金屬鹽可為水合物,也可為酸酐。
其中,考慮高濕度下之氧氣阻障性優良的觀點,上述無機金屬鹽宜為金屬之氯化物、含氧酸,為氯化鋅、硝酸鋅或它們的水合物特佳。
以下,針對製備EVOH樹脂組成物之各方法進行詳述。
上述(I)之方法係在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應之方法。
上述(I)之方法所使用的鹼可列舉例如:鹼金屬或鹼土金屬之氫氧化物等。其中,考量和含金屬之化合物的反應性優良之方面,宜為鹼金屬之氫氧化物,為氫氧化鈉特佳。
上述含金屬之化合物與鹼之反應中,通常在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中將含金屬之化合物與鹼進行混合並使其反應即可。
使上述含金屬之化合物與鹼進行混合之方法並無特別限制,可列舉例如:混合使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法、混合使含金屬之化合物分散而成的漿液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法等。又,EVOH只要溶解於使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液或使含金屬之化合物分散而成的漿液、及使鹼溶解而成的溶液中之至少一者即可。上述方法之中,考慮反應效率之觀點,宜為混合使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法。此外,使用有機酸金屬鹽作為含金屬之化合物時,宜為於使鹼溶解而成的溶液中添加使有機酸金屬鹽溶解而成的溶液並進行混合之方法,使用無機金屬鹽時,宜為於使無機金屬鹽溶解而成的溶液中添加使鹼溶解而成的溶液並進行混合之方法。
使上述EVOH、含金屬之化合物及鹼溶解或分散之溶劑並無特別限制,可列舉例如:水、甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇等碳數1~5之低級醇。它們可單獨使用或也可合併使用2種以上。其中,宜為水、醇類,為水與1-丙醇之混合溶劑特佳。
上述使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液或使含金屬之化合物分散而成的漿液中的含金屬之化合物之濃度通常為0.01~3mol/L,宜為0.05~2mol/L。
又,使鹼溶解而成的溶液中的鹼之濃度通常為0.01~100mol/L,宜為0.05~30mol/L,為0.1~10mol/L特佳。
含金屬之化合物及鹼的濃度比起上述範圍過低的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。又,含金屬之化合物及鹼的濃度比起上述範圍過高的話,會有引起副反應之傾向。
上述含金屬之化合物與鹼的莫耳比率(含金屬之化合物:鹼)通常為0.5:2~2:0.5,宜為0.8:1.8~1.8:0.8,為0.9:1.5~1:1特佳。莫耳比率為上述範圍外的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。
又,使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應時的pH通常為4~9,宜為5~8。pH比起上述範圍過低時,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。又,pH比起上述範圍過高時,會有無法獲得本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物之傾向。另外,pH的調整係利用使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液或使含金屬之化合物分散而成的漿液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之使用量來實施。
上述反應中的反應溫度通常為15~60℃,宜為20~40℃。反應溫度過低的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向,反應溫度過高的話,會有含金屬之化合物因熱分解而無法獲得本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物之傾向。
又,反應時間通常為0.5~100小時,宜為1~70小時,反應時的壓力在常壓實施即可。
上述(II)之方法係在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中將含金屬之化合物進行加熱來使其反應之方法。
上述(II)之方法通常係藉由在已溶解有EVOH之溶液中,進一步溶解含金屬之化合物,並予以攪拌同時進行加熱來實施。
使上述EVOH及含金屬之化合物溶解之溶劑可使用上述(I)之方法所列舉之溶劑。其中,宜為水、醇類,為水與1-丙醇之混合溶劑特佳。
上述加熱條件係將溶液之溫度於通常20~100℃,宜為50~95℃,為70~90℃特佳的方式進行加熱即可。反應溫度過低的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向,反應溫度過高的話,會有含金屬之化合物因熱分解而無法獲得本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物之傾向。
又,反應時間通常為0.1~100小時,宜為0.5~30小時,為1~10小時特佳,反應時的壓力以常壓實施即可。
上述(III)之方法係於EVOH混合事先已使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應而成的金屬化合物之方法。
上述(III)之方法所使用的鹼可列舉例如:鹼金屬或鹼土金屬之氫氧化物等。其中,考量和含金屬之化合物的反應性優良之方面,宜為鹼金屬之氫氧化物,為氫氧化鈉特佳。
上述含金屬之化合物與鹼之反應中,通常於溶液中將含金屬之化合物與鹼進行混合並使其反應即可。
使上述含金屬之化合物與鹼進行混合之方法並無特別限制,可列舉例如:混合使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法、混合使含金屬之化合物分散而成的漿液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法等。其中,考慮反應效率之觀點,宜為混合使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液與使鹼溶解而成的溶液之方法。此外,使用有機酸金屬鹽作為含金屬之化合物時,宜為於使鹼溶解而成的溶液中添加使有機酸金屬鹽溶解而成的溶液並進行混合之方法,使用無機金屬鹽時,宜為於使無機金屬鹽溶解而成的溶液中添加使鹼溶解而成的溶液並進行混合之方法。
使上述含金屬之化合物及鹼溶解的溶劑可使用前述(I)之方法所列舉的溶劑。其中,考慮後處理容易的觀點,宜為水。
使上述含金屬之化合物溶解而成之溶液中的含金屬之化合物之濃度通常為0.01~3mol/L,宜為0.05~2mol/L。
又,使鹼溶解於溶劑而成的溶液中的鹼之濃度通常為0.01~100mol/L,宜為0.05~30mol/L,為0.1~10mol/L特佳。
含金屬之化合物及鹼的濃度比起上述範圍過低的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。又,含金屬之化合物及鹼的濃度比起上述範圍過高的話,會有引起副反應之傾向。
上述含金屬之化合物與鹼的莫耳比率(含金屬之化合物:鹼)通常為0.5:2~2:0.5,宜為0.8:1.8~1.8:0.8,為0.9:1.5~1:1特佳。莫耳比率為上述範圍外的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。
又,使含金屬之化合物與鹼進行反應時的pH通常為4~9,宜為5~8。pH比起上述範圍過低時,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向。又,pH比起上述範圍過高時,會有生成的金屬化合物分解之傾向。另外,pH的調整可使用使含金屬之化合物溶解而成的溶液或使鹼溶解而成的溶液。
上述反應中的反應溫度通常為15~60℃,宜為20~40℃。反應溫度過低的話,會有反應無法充分地進行之傾向,反應溫度過高的話,會有含金屬之化合物因熱而分解而無法獲得作為目的之金屬化合物之傾向。
又,反應時間通常為0.5~100小時,宜為1~70小時,反應時的壓力在常壓實施即可。
上述反應後,能以沉澱物形式獲得金屬化合物。得到的金屬化合物也可直接使用,但宜利用清洗、粉碎操作等來將金屬化合物純化後使用。
混合上述所得到的金屬化合物與EVOH之方法並無特別限制,可採用公知的方法。其中,於溶解有EVOH之溶液中添加金屬化合物,並於回流下攪拌的話,考慮混合性之觀點較理想。另外,使EVOH溶解之溶劑可使用前述(I)之方法所列舉之溶劑。其中,宜為水與1-丙醇之混合溶劑。
利用上述各方法,可製備含有EVOH與金屬化合物,且使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部之本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物。其中,考慮操作性之觀點,宜為(II)之方法。又,利用上述各方法製備的EVOH樹脂組成物,能以溶液之狀態使用,也可利用公知的方法製成丸粒等來使用。
本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物在不妨礙本發明之效果的範圍內,也可含有一般摻合於EVOH樹脂組成物中之摻合劑,例如:熱安定劑、抗氧化劑、抗靜電劑、著色劑、紫外線吸收劑、潤滑劑、塑化劑、光安定劑、界面活性劑、抗菌劑、乾燥劑、抗黏連劑、阻燃劑、交聯劑、硬化劑、起泡劑、結晶成核劑、防霧劑、生物降解用添加劑、矽烷偶聯劑、吸氧劑等。它們可單獨使用或合併使用2種以上。
<含有EVOH樹脂組成物之薄膜>
本發明之含有EVOH樹脂組成物之薄膜係藉由將含有上述EVOH樹脂組成物之組成物予以製膜而獲得,宜藉由將上述EVOH樹脂組成物予以製膜而獲得。
將上述薄膜予以製膜之方法可列舉例如:使用含有EVOH樹脂組成物之組成物的溶液(塗佈液)之方法、使用擠壓機將含有本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物之丸粒狀的組成物予以熔融成形之方法等。其中,使用含有EVOH樹脂組成物之組成物的溶液(塗佈液)之方法較理想。
上述塗佈液通常直接使用前述方法所製備之EVOH樹脂組成物的溶液即可,也可因應需要調整固體成分濃度後使用。
上述塗佈液的固體成分濃度通常為0.5~30重量%,宜為5~20重量%。另外,上述固體成分濃度之調整使用前述EVOH樹脂組成物之製備方法所列記之溶劑即可。
上述製膜方法可採用例如:利用熔融擠壓法、澆鑄法、塗覆所為之方法等公知的方法。其中,宜為利用塗覆所為之方法。
上述塗覆方法可列舉例如:塗佈棒、塗佈輥、模具塗佈、凹版塗佈、逗塗塗佈、網版印刷等公知的方法。
塗覆後,藉由利用例如60~105℃、0.5~10分鐘加熱處理等來使其乾燥,可獲得由EVOH樹脂組成物構成的薄膜。又,上述薄膜也可因應需要實施單軸延伸、或雙軸延伸等延伸操作。
上述薄膜可製成單層結構體,也可製成多層結構體。又,上述多層結構體宜為至少具有一層由上述薄膜構成的層。此外,上述多層結構體可將製膜而得的薄膜進行疊層,也可和其它基材樹脂進行疊層。
上述薄膜之厚度通常為1~200μm,宜為1~100μm,為1~50μm特佳。另外,上述製膜而成的薄膜為多層結構時,係令由EVOH樹脂組成物構成的全部的薄膜之厚度合計作為薄膜之厚度。
上述基材樹脂可列舉例如:直鏈狀低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、超低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯(嵌段及無規)共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴(碳數4~20之α-烯烴)共聚物等聚乙烯系樹脂;聚丙烯、丙烯-α-烯烴(碳數4~20之α-烯烴)共聚物等聚丙烯系樹脂;聚丁烯、聚戊烯,聚環狀烯烴系樹脂(主鏈及側鏈中至少一者具有環狀烯烴結構之聚合物)等(未改性)聚烯烴系樹脂、或包含將這些聚烯烴類以不飽和羧酸或其酯進行接枝改性而成的不飽和羧酸改性
聚烯烴系樹脂等改性烯烴系樹脂之廣義的聚烯烴系樹脂;離子聚合物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚酯系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂(亦包含共聚合聚醯胺)、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚苯乙烯、乙烯酯系樹脂、聚酯系彈性體、聚胺甲酸酯系彈性體、聚苯乙烯系彈性體;氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯等鹵化聚烯烴;芳香族或脂肪族聚酮類等。它們可單獨使用或也可合併使用2種以上。又,這些基材樹脂也可實施電暈處理等表面處理。
由本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物構成的薄膜係具有高濕度下之優良的阻氣性者,若將該薄膜靜置於高濕度下的話,可製成進一步具有高濕度下之優良的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性之薄膜,故較理想。可獲得如此的效果之原理尚未闡明,但據推測藉由靜置於高濕度下,EVOH之分子會塑化,而分散於薄膜中之金屬化合物會和EVOH進行交互作用、或集中於薄膜之表面所致。
本發明中,高濕度下意指20±5℃、90±10%RH。
又,靜置時間通常為70小時以上,宜為300小時以上,為500小時以上更佳。另外,靜置時間之上限通常為1,000小時。
由EVOH樹脂組成物構成的薄膜之透氧度宜為15cc.20μm/m2.day.atm(cm3.20μm/m2.day.atm)以下,為10cc.20μm/m2.day.atm以下更佳,為5cc.20μm/m2.day.atm以下特佳。另外,上述透氧度係於20℃、90%RH之環境下測得者,透氧度之下限通常為0cc.20μm/m2.day.atm。又,上述透氧度可利用透氧率測定裝置求得。
本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物、及由EVOH樹脂組成物構成的薄膜作為包裝用材料係為有效,尤其可理想地使用作為食品、醫藥品等的包裝材料。
以下,列舉實施例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明只要不超過其要旨,則不限於以下實施例。另外,以下「份」意指重量基準。
於實施例前,先準備下列EVOH。
.EVOH1(乙烯結構單元之含量:44mol%,MFR:3g/10min,皂化度:99.6mol%,含水率:0.3重量%)
.EVOH2(乙烯結構單元之含量:29mol%,MFR:4g/10min,皂化度:99.6mol%,含水率:0.3重量%)
.EVOH3(乙烯結構單元之含量:25mol%,MFR:4g/10min,皂化度:99.6mol%,含水率:0.3重量%)
<實施例1>
於水/1-丙醇=4/6(體積比)之混合溶劑45份中,添加5份之EVOH1、相對於EVOH 100份以金屬換算為1.0份之乙酸鋅二水合物(富士軟片和光純藥公司製),於87℃(回流下)加熱攪拌2小時,藉此獲得含有使乙酸鋅二水合物進行反應而得到的金屬化合物(乙酸鋅之反應產物)之EVOH樹脂組成物。將該溶液放冷至55℃,製得塗佈液。將得到的塗佈液使用線狀塗佈棒#24塗佈於經過電暈處理之厚度為12μm之PET基材的電暈處理面,並於80℃使其乾燥5分鐘。藉由實施2次
該步驟,獲得於PET基材上疊層有厚度6μm之薄膜層的2層薄膜。將得到的薄膜以20℃、90%RH之調濕條件下靜置600小時,製得薄膜。
<實施例2>
將實施例1中所使用的混合溶劑之水/1-丙醇的體積比變更為1/1、以及將EVOH1變更為EVOH2,除此之外,以和實施例1相同的方法作成薄膜,並以相同調濕條件進行製備。
<實施例3>
[羥基烷基羧酸鋅反應產物之合成]
於0.39mol/L之氫氧化鈉-甲醇溶液200份中滴加0.79mol/L之6-己內酯-甲醇溶液100份,於67℃攪拌5小時使其反應。其後,放冷至24℃後,滴加0.79mol/L之硝酸鋅-甲醇溶液100份,於24℃攪拌3天使其反應。將反應後的反應液利用減壓過濾分離出析出物與濾液,利用蒸發器去除濾液所含的溶劑後,於析出的固體添加水40份並冷卻至4℃。將未溶解的白色固體利用減壓過濾進行分濾。其後,於作為殘渣而得到的白色固體添加冷水並進行攪拌,再度實施過濾,藉此清洗白色固體。最後將分濾後之白色固體於60℃常壓乾燥二天,獲得羥基烷基羧酸鋅。
使得到的羥基烷基羧酸鋅0.5g溶解於水20份中並於24℃進行攪拌,同時於其中慢慢地滴加0.12mol/L之氫氧化鈉水溶液20份,於25℃攪拌48小時使其反應。反應後,利用減壓過濾分濾析出之白色沉澱物。對於作為殘渣而得到的白色固體以水實施3次活塞清洗,並使其於60℃進行常壓乾燥,藉此獲得金屬化合物(羥基烷基羧酸鋅之反應產物)。
[薄膜之作成]
於水/1-丙醇=1/1(體積比)之混合溶劑45份中,添加5份之EVOH3,於87℃加熱攪拌1小時,使EVOH完全溶解。將該溶液放冷至55℃,添加相對於EVOH100份以金屬換算為0.5份之上述得到的金屬化合物(羥基烷基羧酸鋅之反應產物),獲得EVOH樹脂組成物。將該溶液於87℃(回流下)攪拌2小時後,將該溶液放冷至55℃,製得塗佈液。將得到的塗佈液使用線狀塗佈棒#24塗佈於經過電暈處理之厚度為12μm之PET基材的電暈處理面,並於80℃使其乾燥5分鐘。藉由實施2次該步驟,獲得於PET基材上疊層有厚度6μm之薄膜層的2層薄膜。將得到的薄膜於20℃、90%RH之調濕條件下靜置533小時,製得薄膜。
<比較例1>
於水/1-丙醇=1/1(體積比)之混合溶劑45份中,添加5份之EVOH3,於87℃加熱攪拌1小時,使EVOH完全溶解。將該溶液放冷至55℃,添加相對於EVOH100份以金屬換算為0.1份之氧化鋅(富士軟片和光純藥公司製),保持55℃攪拌2小時,製得EVOH樹脂組成物(塗佈液)。從得到的塗佈液,以和實施例1相同的方法作成薄膜,並以相同調濕條件進行製備。
<比較例2>
不添加實施例1中之乙酸鋅二水合物,除此之外,以和實施例1相同之方法進行製作,並於相同調濕條件製得薄膜。
<比較例3>
不添加實施例2中之乙酸鋅二水合物,除此之外,以和實施例2相同之方法製作薄膜,並於相同調濕條件進行製備。
使用上述得到的實施例1~3、比較例1~3之薄膜,利用下述條件測定廣角X射線繞射及阻氣性。結果如後述表1所示。
[薄膜之廣角X射線繞射(XRD)測定]
將上述得到的EVOH樹脂組成物薄膜從PET薄膜剝離,並以厚度成為30μm以上的方式疊層來製成樣本。
利用下述條件實施該樣本之廣角X射線繞射測定。
[測定條件]
使用設備:D8 DISCOVER(Bruker Japan公司製)
檢測器:二維檢測器VANTEC-500(Bruker Japan公司製)
電壓:50kV
電流:100mA
相機長度(camera length):100mm
測定方法:反射法
累計時間:實施例1、2及比較例1~3為30分鐘,實施例3為60分鐘
波長:CuKα線(Kα1、Kα2未分離)
檢測器位置:2θ=10°
X射線入射角:θ=0.3°
2θ方向一維化的條件:2θ=0~35°,方位角(chi)=-95~-85°
方位角方向一維化:實施例1、2為2θ=6.0~7.0°,方位角(chi)=-180~0°
X射線繞射測定後,將得到的繞射像於2θ=6.0~7.0°之範圍內沿方位角方向以-180~0°之範圍進行一維化,確認繞射強度之方位角依存性。此時,若於方位角-90°中觀測到繞射峰部,則判斷EVOH樹脂組成物於2θ=6.0~7.0°具有繞射峰部。
又,實施例3係於2θ=3.5~4.5°、方位角(chi)=-180~0°X射線繞射測定後,將得到的繞射像於2θ=3.5~4.5°之範圍內沿方位角方向以-180~0°之範圍進行一維化,確認繞射強度之方位角依存性。此時,若於方位角-90°觀測到繞射峰部,則判斷EVOH樹脂組成物於2θ=3.5~4.5°具有繞射峰部。
使用透氧度測定裝置(OX-TRAN100A,MOCON公司製),於20℃、90%RH之條件下測定得到的EVOH樹脂組成物薄膜之透氧度。
由上述表1可得知,含有EVOH與金屬化合物,且利用廣角X射線繞射之測定於低角側(2θ=2~15°)具有峰部之實施例1~3之EVOH樹脂組成物,於高濕度下的氧氣阻障性優良。
另一方面,利用廣角X射線繞射之測定於低角側不具峰部之比較例1之EVOH樹脂組成物、比較例2、3之EVOH,其氧氣阻障性皆為不良。
上述實施例中,係針對本發明的具體形態進行例示,但上述實施例僅為例示,並非作限定性解釋。對該技術領域中具有通常知識者而言顯而易見的各種變化,皆意欲包括於本發明之範圍內。
本發明之EVOH樹脂組成物於高濕度下的阻氣性,尤其氧氣阻障性優良,故作為包裝用材料係為有效,尤其可理想地使用作為食品、醫藥品等之包裝材料。
Claims (5)
- 一種乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,含有乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物、及金屬化合物,其特徵為:該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物中的乙烯結構單元之含量為20~60mol%;該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物中的乙烯酯成分之皂化度為90~100mol%;該金屬化合物不具有側氧基配位子;該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物中之金屬化合物之金屬換算含量係相對於該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物100重量份,為0.01~10重量份;該乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物使用CuKα線以廣角X射線繞射進行測定時,於2θ=2~15°具有X射線繞射之峰部。
- 如請求項1之乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物,其中,該金屬化合物所具有的金屬種(metal species)係選自於Zn、Co、Ni中之至少1種。
- 一種薄膜,其特徵為:含有如請求項1或2之乙烯-乙烯醇系共聚物樹脂組成物。
- 如請求項3之薄膜,其中,該薄膜在20℃、90%RH之條件下的透氧度為10cc.20μm/m2.day.atm以下。
- 一種多層結構體,具有至少一層由如請求項3或4之薄膜構成的層。
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