TWI787353B - 用於產生含金屬膜的方法 - Google Patents
用於產生含金屬膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI787353B TWI787353B TW107133179A TW107133179A TWI787353B TW I787353 B TWI787353 B TW I787353B TW 107133179 A TW107133179 A TW 107133179A TW 107133179 A TW107133179 A TW 107133179A TW I787353 B TWI787353 B TW I787353B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 52
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dimethyhydrazine Chemical compound CN(C)N RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000572 ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZRNYRIMGKPMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methoxyethyl)-n',n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound COCCNCCN(C)C TZRNYRIMGKPMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRLCXMPFXYVHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylgermane Chemical compound C[Ge](C)(C)C ZRLCXMPFXYVHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTCLHEHPUHREBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecamethylhexasilinane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)[Si](C)(C)[Si](C)(C)[Si](C)(C)[Si](C)(C)[Si]1(C)C RTCLHEHPUHREBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006002 1,1-difluoroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTIGGAHUZJWQMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound COCCCl XTIGGAHUZJWQMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NGCRLFIYVFOUMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline-6-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound N1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=NC2=CC(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 NGCRLFIYVFOUMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3},10$l^{3}-pentaoxapentasilecane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACQXHCHKMFYDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(Cl)=N1 ACQXHCHKMFYDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFYFURKXMHQOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-ethylhexanoate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O OFYFURKXMHQOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[O-] SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXYVQNNEFZOBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-n',n'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNCCCN(C)C BXYVQNNEFZOBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- WHXTVQNIFGXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-[tris(dimethylamino)stannyl]methanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Sn](N(C)C)(N(C)C)N(C)C WHXTVQNIFGXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);triphenylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HATPUSYYTDIXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].C(C)(C)O HATPUSYYTDIXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCWYYHBWCZYDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O BCWYYHBWCZYDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWANVMIHEKUADR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyliminotantalum Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N=[Ta] QWANVMIHEKUADR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HDVLQIDIYKIVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylgermane Chemical compound CCCC[Ge](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC HDVLQIDIYKIVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQXSEZVCKAEYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylgermanium Chemical compound CC[Ge](CC)(CC)CC QQXSEZVCKAEYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)CC VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluorogermane Chemical compound F[Ge](F)(F)F PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZIYQMVHASXABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)stannane Chemical compound C=C[Sn](C=C)(C=C)C=C MZIYQMVHASXABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJPKDRJZNZMJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(prop-2-enyl)stannane Chemical compound C=CC[Sn](CC=C)(CC=C)CC=C XJPKDRJZNZMJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004587 thienothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CS2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KTSWILXIWHVQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylgermane Chemical compound CCCC[GeH](CCCC)CCCC KTSWILXIWHVQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl stiborite Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- QYYZHXHYNLXWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(2-phenylethynyl)stannane Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 QYYZHXHYNLXWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COHOGNZHAUOXPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)stannane Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 COHOGNZHAUOXPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKQULDKQRNJABT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgermanium Chemical compound C[Ge](C)C.C[Ge](C)C CKQULDKQRNJABT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLAJUCLVZORTHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylgermanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Ge](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLAJUCLVZORTHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAPQJVJCJITJET-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyltin Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UAPQJVJCJITJET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexachloride Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRZWBGYJMNFKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium Chemical compound [Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y][Y] PRZWBGYJMNFKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRTBAGCGDOYUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3] GRTBAGCGDOYUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- TURVSLXVJYZFII-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzene-6-ide Chemical compound [Zn+2].FC1=[C-]C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=[C-]C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F TURVSLXVJYZFII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/069—Aluminium compounds without C-aluminium linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/066—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage)
- C07F5/067—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage) compounds with Al also linked to H or halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal halides
- C23C16/12—Deposition of aluminium only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
- C23C16/20—Deposition of aluminium only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45534—Use of auxiliary reactants other than used for contributing to the composition of the main film, e.g. catalysts, activators or scavengers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/32—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明屬於在基板上產生無機含金屬膜之方法,特別是屬於原子層沉積方法之領域。
隨著例如在半導體工業中正在進行的小型化發展,對基板上之薄無機膜之需求增加,同時對此類膜之品質的要求變得更加嚴格。金屬薄膜用於不同用途,諸如障壁層、導電特徵或覆蓋層。已知若干產生金屬膜之方法。其中之一為將成膜化合物自氣態沉積在基板上。為使金屬原子在適中溫度下變為氣態,有必要例如藉由使金屬與適合之配位體錯合以提供揮發性前驅體。該等前驅體需要對於蒸發足夠穩定,但另一方面其需要有足夠之反應性以便與沉積表面反應。
EP 3 121 309 A1揭示一種用於從參(二烷基胺基)鋁前驅體沉積氮化鋁膜之方法。然而,該前驅體對於需要高品質膜之應用而言不夠穩定。
為了將沉積之金屬錯合物轉化成金屬膜,通常有必要將沉積之金屬錯合物暴露至還原劑。典型地,氫氣係用於將沉積之金屬錯合物轉化成金屬膜。雖然對於如銅或銀之相對貴金屬而言,氫氣相當好地起到了還原劑之作用,但其對於諸如鈦或鋁之更具正電性之金屬而言產生之結果並不盡如人意。
WO 2013/070 702 A1揭示一種採用藉由二胺配位而作為還原劑
的氫化鋁來沉積金屬膜之方法。雖然此還原劑總體上產生良好結果,但對於一些要求高的應用,需要較高蒸氣壓、穩定性及/或還原電位。
因此,本發明之目的在於提供一種用於製備膜中含較少雜質之無機含金屬膜的方法。方法材料應容易處置;特定言之,應可以儘可能少之分解將其汽化。此外,方法材料不應在方法條件下在沉積表面處分解,但同時應具有足夠反應性以參與表面反應。所有反應副產物應為揮發性的,以避免膜污染。另外,應可調整方法,使得方法材料中之金屬原子為揮發性的或併入膜中。此外,方法應為通用的,因此其可適用於產生大範圍之不同金屬,包括正電性金屬膜。
本發明之較佳具體實例可見於實施方式及申請專利範圍。不同具體實例之組合屬於本發明之範圍。
本發明之方法適合於製備無機含金屬膜。在本發明之上下文中,無機係指含有至少5wt%,較佳至少10wt%,更佳至少20wt%,尤其至少30wt%之至少一種金屬或半金屬的材料。無機膜典型地含有僅呈碳化物相(carbide phase)形式之碳,該碳化物相包括混合碳化物相,諸如氮化物之碳化物相。無機膜中並非碳化物相之部分的碳之碳含量較佳地為小於5wt%,更佳小於1wt%,尤其小於0.2wt%。無機含金屬膜之較佳實例為金屬氮化物膜、金屬碳化物膜、金屬碳氮化物膜、金屬合金膜、金屬間化合物膜或含上述混合物之膜。
藉由根據本發明之方法製備的膜含有金屬。該膜可能含有一種金屬或超過一種金屬。金屬包括Li、Be、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Te、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi。由於根據本發明之方法對於金屬而言為通用的,該金屬相比Cu可更具正電性,更佳地相比Ni更具正電性。特定言之,含金屬化合物含有Ti、Ta、Mn、Mo、W、Al、Co、Ga、Ge、Sb或Te。
固體基板可為任何固體材料。此等材料包括例如金屬、半金屬、氧化物、氮化物及聚合物。基板亦可為不同材料之混合物。金屬之實例為鋁、鋼、鋅及銅。半金屬之實例為矽、鍺及砷化鎵。氧化物之實例為二氧化
矽、二氧化鈦及氧化鋅。氮化物之實例為氮化矽、氮化鋁、氮化鈦及氮化鎵。聚合物之實例為聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET)、聚乙烯萘-二甲酸(PEN)及聚醯胺。
固體基板可具有任何形狀。此等形狀包括薄片板、膜、纖維、各種尺寸之粒子及具有溝槽或其他凹痕之基板。固體基板可具有任何尺寸。若固體基板具有粒子形狀,則粒子之尺寸可在小於100nm至若干公分之範圍內、較佳在1μm至1mm之範圍內。為避免粒子或纖維在含金屬化合物沉積至其上時彼此黏著,較佳使其保持運動。此可例如藉由攪拌、藉由旋轉鼓輪或藉由流體化床技術來達成。
根據本發明,使固體基板與呈氣相之通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸。通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物中之R'為氫、烷基、烯基、芳基或矽烷基,較佳為氫。R'可為相同或彼此不同。較佳地,全部R'為氫。
烷基可為直鏈或分支鏈的。直鏈烷基之實例為甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基。分支鏈烷基之實例為異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基-戊基、新戊基、2-乙基-己基、環丙基、環己基、二氫茚基、降冰片基。較佳地,烷基為C1至C8烷基,更佳為C1至C6烷基,尤其為C1至C4烷基,諸如甲基、乙基、異丙基或第三丁基。
烯基含有至少一個碳碳雙鍵。該雙鍵可包括R'藉以鍵結至分子之其餘部分的碳原子,或其可置於距R'鍵結至分子之其餘部分之位置更遠處。烯基可為直鏈或分支鏈的。其中雙鍵包括R'藉以鍵結至分子之其餘部分之碳原子的直鏈烯基之實例包括1-乙烯基、1-丙烯基、1-正丁烯基、1-正戊烯基、1-正己烯基、1-正庚烯基、1-正辛烯基。其中雙鍵置於距R'鍵結至分子之其餘部分
之位置更遠處的直鏈烯基之實例包括1-正丙烯-3-基、2-丁烯-1-基、1-丁烯-3-基、1-丁烯-4-基、1-己烯-6-基。其中雙鍵包括R'藉以鍵結至分子之其餘部分之碳原子的分支鏈烯基之實例包括1-丙烯-2-基、1-正丁烯-2-基、2-丁烯-2-基、環戊烯-1-基、環己烯-1-基。其中雙鍵置於距R'鍵結至分子之其餘部分之位置更遠處的分支鏈烯基之實例包括2-甲基-1-丁烯-4-基、環戊烯-3-基、環己烯-3-基。具有超過一個雙鍵之烯基的實例包括1,3-丁二烯-1-基、1,3-丁二烯-2-基、環戊二烯-5-基。
芳基包括芳族烴,諸如苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基;及雜芳族基團,諸如吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基。若干此等基團或此等基團之組合亦為可能的,如聯苯基、噻吩并苯基或呋喃基噻吩基。芳基可例如經由鹵素(如氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物)、假鹵素(如氰化物、氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯)、醇、烷基鏈或烷氧基鏈取代。芳族烴較佳,苯基更佳。
矽烷基為典型地具有三個取代基之矽原子。較佳地,矽烷基具有式SiX3,其中X彼此獨立地為氫、烷基、芳基或矽烷基。有可能全部三個X相同或兩個X相同且剩餘之X不同,或全部三個X彼此不同,較佳地全部X相同。烷基及芳基如上文所描述。矽烷基之實例包括SiH3、甲基矽烷基、三甲基矽烷基、三乙基矽烷基、三正丙基矽烷基、三異丙基矽烷基、三環己基矽烷基、二甲基-第三丁基矽烷基、二甲基環己基矽烷基、甲基-二異丙基矽烷基、三苯基矽烷基、苯基矽烷基、二甲基苯基矽烷基、五甲基二矽烷基。
通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物中的A為NR2或OR,亦即攜帶兩個取代基R之氮原子或攜帶一個取代基R之氧原子。R為烷基、烯基、芳基或矽烷基。除非明確地以不同方式描述,相同定義及較佳具體實例適用於上文所描述之R'。較佳地,R為甲基、乙基、第三丁基或三甲基矽烷
基。亦較佳地,若A為NR2,則兩個R一起形成包括氮原子之五員環,特定言之兩個R為包括氮原子之五員環中的-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-基團。
通式(II)或(III)化合物中的E為NR或O,亦即攜帶一個取代基R之氮原子或氧原子。R之定義與A中之R相同。
變數n可為0、1或2,變數m可為0、1或2,較佳地,n+m為1、2、3或4,更佳地,n為1或2且m為1或2,甚至更佳地,n為1且m為1,或n為2且m為2。
有可能全部R'及R為單獨之取代基。或者,有可能兩個R'或兩個R或者一個R'及一個R一起形成環,較佳地形成四員環至八員環,尤其形成五員環或六員環。
在通式(I)化合物中,n及m可為1,使得通式(I)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(Ia)、(Ib)及(Ic)化合物的較佳實例展示如下。
其中兩個R'一起形成環的通式(Ia)化合物之一些較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(I)化合物中,n可為2且m可為1,使得通式(I)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(Id)、(Ie)、(If)及(Ig)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(I)化合物中,n及m可為2,使得通式(I)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(Ih)、(Ii)及(Ij)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(I)化合物中,n可為0且m可為1,使得通式(I)化合物變成通式(Ik)。
通式(Ik)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(II)化合物中,n及m可為1,使得通式(II)化合物變
成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIaa)至(IIah)化合物的較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(II)化合物中,n可為2且m可為1,使得通式(II)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIba)至(IIbr)化合物的較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(I)化合物中,n及m可為2,使得通式(I)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIca)至(IIch)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(II)化合物中,n可為0且m可為1或2,使得通式(II)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIda)至(IIdc)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(III)化合物中,n及m可為1,使得通式(IIi)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIIa)至(IIIf)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(III)化合物中,n可為2且m可為1,使得通式(III)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIIg)至(IIIo)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(III)化合物中,n及m可為2,使得通式(III)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IIIp)至(IIIu)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(III)化合物中,n可為0且m可為1,使得通式(III)化合物變成通式(IIIv)。
在通式(IV)化合物中,n及m可為1,使得通式(IV)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IVa)至(IVd)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(IV)化合物中,n可為2且m可為1,使得通式(IV)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IVe)至(IVm)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(IV)化合物中,n及m可為2,使得通式(IV)化合物變成以下通式中之一者。
通式(IVn)至(IVo)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
通式(IVr)化合物之較佳實例展示如下。
在通式(IV)化合物中,n可為0且m可為2,使得通式(IV)化合物變成通式(IVr)。
較佳地,若E為NR或A為OR,則NR或OR中之R在1位無氫原子,亦即R不具有與結合於氮或氧原子之原子結合的氫原子,該氮或氧原子因此相對於鋁原子處於β位。實例為:在1位攜帶兩個烷基側基的烷基,亦即1,1-二烷基烷基,諸如第三丁基、1,1-二甲基丙基;在1位具有兩個鹵素之烷基,諸如三氟甲基、三氯甲基、1,1-二氟乙基;三烷基矽烷基,諸如三甲基矽烷基、
三乙基矽烷基、二甲基第三丁基矽烷基;芳基,尤其苯基或經烷基取代之苯基,諸如2,6-二異丙基苯基、2,4,6-三異丙基苯基。在1位無氫原子之烷基尤佳。
通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物較佳地具有不大於1,000g/mol、更佳不大於800g/mol、甚至更佳不大於600g/mol、尤其不大於500g/mol之分子量。
較佳地,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之熔點範圍為-80℃至125℃,較佳-60℃至80℃,甚至更佳-40℃至50℃,尤其-20℃至20℃。有利的是通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物熔融,得到直至達到分解溫度之前保持不變的透明液體。
較佳地,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物具有至少80℃、更佳至少100℃、尤其至少120℃、諸如至少150℃之分解溫度。通常,分解溫度不大於250℃。通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物具有高蒸氣壓。較佳地,蒸氣壓在200℃之溫度下、更佳地在150℃下、尤其在120℃下為至少1毫巴。通常,蒸氣壓為1毫巴時之溫度為至少50℃。
通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物可藉由使有機配位體與LiAlH4或AlCl3及LiAlH4之混合物反應來合成,如例如由N.Emig等人在Organometallics,第17卷(1998),第3599-3608頁中或由B.Luo等人在Dalton Transactions,第卷(2006),第4491-4498頁中所揭示。
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(IIId)化合物,Yoshino等人,Chemical Communications,第16卷(2000),第1475-1476頁;對於通式(IIIe)化合物,Oku等人,Journal of the American Chemical Society,第126卷(2004),第7368-7377頁;對於通式(IIIf)化合物,Jadhav等人,Tetrahedron Letters,第53卷(2012),第5338-5342頁;對於通式(IIIh)及(IIIq)化合物,Jiang等人,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,第54卷(2011),第320-330頁;對於通式(IIIj)及(IIIr)化合物,Powel等人,Synthesis,第4卷(1984),第338-340頁;對於通式(IIIo)化合物,Hassannia等人,Letters in Organic Chemistry,第6卷(2009),第478-480頁;對於通式(IIIu)化合物,Buchanan等人,Canadian Journal of Chemistry,第78卷(2000),第3163-321頁;對於通式(IIIv)化合物,Balashov等人,Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry,第71卷(1997),第1016-1019頁;對於通式(IVc)化合物,Lazarus等人,Journal of the Chemical Society,Perkin Transactions 2:Physical Organic Chemistry,1980,第373-379頁;對於通式(IVd)化合物,Nakajima等人,Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan,第34卷(1961),第651-654頁;對於通式(IVg)化合物,DE2553137;對於通式(IVh)化合物,Korshunov等人,Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii,第11卷(1969),第1947-1952頁;對於通式(IVr)化合物,GB1178420。
根據本發明之方法中所用的通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物是以高純度使用以得到最佳結果。高純度意謂使用之物質含有至少90wt%、較佳至少95wt%、更佳至少98wt%、尤其至少99wt%之含金屬化合物或通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物。純度可藉由根據DIN 51721(Prufung fester Brennstoffe-Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff-Verfahren nach Radmacher-Hoverath,2001年8月)之元素分析來測定。
使通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物自氣態與固體基板接觸。可藉由將其加熱至高溫以使其變為氣態。在任何情況下,必須選擇低於通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之分解溫度的溫度。分解溫度為原始通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物開始改變其化學結構及組成的溫度。較佳地,加熱溫度範圍介於0℃至300℃,更佳介於10℃至250℃,甚至更佳介於20℃至200℃,尤其介於30℃至150℃。
使通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物變成氣態之另一方式為直接液體噴射(direct liquid injection;DLI)如例如US 2009/0 226 612 A1中所描述。在此方法中,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物典型地溶解於溶劑中且以載氣或真空噴灑。若通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之蒸氣壓及溫度足夠高,且壓力足夠低,則通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物變為氣態。可使用各種溶劑,其限制條件為通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物展示在該溶劑中之足夠的可溶性,諸如至少1g/l,較佳至少10g/l,更佳至少100g/l。此等溶劑之實例為:配位溶劑,諸如四氫呋喃、二噁烷、二乙氧基乙烷、吡啶;或非配位溶劑,諸如己烷、庚烷、苯、甲苯或二甲苯。溶劑混合物亦適用。
或者,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物可藉由直接液體蒸發(direct liquid evaporation;DLE)變為氣態,如例如J.Yang等人(Journal of Materials Chemistry,2015)所描述。在此方法中,將通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物與溶劑(例如烴類,諸如十四烷)混合,且在溶劑之沸點以下加熱。藉由蒸發溶劑,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物變為氣態。此方法具有無粒子污染物形成於表面上的優勢。
較佳地在降壓下使通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物變為氣態。以此方式,可通常在較低加熱溫度下執行方法,從而減少通式
(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之分解。亦可使用加壓來將呈氣態之通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物推至固體基板。通常,出於此目的,將諸如氮氣或氬氣之惰性氣體用作載氣。較佳地,壓力為10巴至10-7毫巴,更佳為1巴至10-3毫巴,尤其為1至0.01毫巴,諸如為0.1毫巴。
較佳地,通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物在方法中充當還原劑。在此情況下,使含金屬化合物自氣態沉積至固體基板上,隨後使其與通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸。該含金屬化合物通常經還原成金屬、金屬氮化物、金屬碳化物、金屬碳氮化物、金屬合金、金屬間化合物或上述混合物。在本發明之上下文中之金屬膜為具有高電導率(通常至少為104S/m,較佳至少為105S/m,尤其至少為106S/m)之含金屬膜。
通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物與具有經沉積之含金屬化合物的固體基板之表面形成永久結合的傾向性低。因此,含金屬膜幾乎不會被通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之反應副產物污染。較佳地,含金屬膜含有總共小於5重量%、更佳小於1wt%、尤其小於0.5wt%、諸如小於0.2wt%之氮。
含金屬化合物含有至少一個金屬原子。金屬包括Li、Be、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Te、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi。由於根據本發明之方法對於含金屬化合物而言非常通用,該含金屬化合物可含有相比Cu更具正電性、更佳地含有相比Ni更具正電性之金屬。特定言之,含金屬化合物含有Ti、Ta、Mn、Mo、W、Al、Co、Ge、Ga、Sb或Te。超過一種含金屬化合物可同時或連續地沉積於該表面上。若超過一種含金屬化合物沉積於固體基板上,則所
有含金屬化合物可含有相同金屬或不同金屬,較佳地,所有含金屬化合物含有不同金屬。
可變為氣態之任何含金屬化合物均適合。此等化合物包括:烷基金屬,諸如二甲基鋅、三甲基鋁;烷氧基化金屬,諸如四甲氧基矽、四異丙氧基鋯或四異丙氧基鈦;環戊二烯基金屬錯合物,如五甲基環戊二烯基-三甲氧基鈦或二(乙基環戊二烯基)錳;金屬碳烯,諸如參(新戊基)新亞戊基鉭或雙咪唑烷亞基氯化釕;金屬鹵化物,諸如三氯化鋁、五氯化鉭、四氯化鈦、五氯化鉬或六氯化鎢;一氧化碳錯合物,如六羰基鉻或四羰基鎳;胺衍生錯合物,諸如雙(第三丁胺基)雙(二甲基胺基)鉬、雙(第三丁胺基)雙(二甲基胺基)鎢或肆(二甲基胺基)鈦;二酮錯合物,諸如參(乙醯丙酮根)鋁或雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮基)錳。
含金屬化合物之其他實例為:參(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鋁、三異丁基鋁、三甲基鋁、參(二甲基胺基)鋁(III)、三乙基鎵、三甲基鎵、參(二甲基胺基)鎵(III)、肆(二乙醯胺基)鈦(IV)、肆(二甲基胺基)鈦(IV)、肆(乙基甲基胺基)鈦(IV)、二異丙醇雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鈦(IV)、異丙醇鈦(IV)、四氯化鈦、雙(環戊二烯基)釩(II)、雙(乙基環戊二烯基)釩(II)、氧三異丙醇釩(V)、雙(環戊二烯基)鉻(II)、雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)鉻(II)、參(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鉻(III)、雙(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-庚氟-2,2-二甲基-3,5-辛二酮酸)銅、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)銅、雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)錳(II)、溴五羰基錳(I)、三羰基環戊二烯基錳(I)、三羰基乙基環戊二烯基錳(I)、羰基錳(0)、[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]四羰基鉬(0)、雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)鐵(II)、1,1'-二甲基二茂鐵、參(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鐵(III)、五羰基鐵(0)、雙(環戊二烯基)鈷(II)、雙(乙基環戊二烯基)鈷(II)、雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)鈷(II)、烯丙基(環戊二烯基)鎳(II)、雙(環戊二烯基)鎳(II)、雙(乙基環戊二烯基)鎳(II)、雙(三苯基膦)二
氯化鎳(II)、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鎳(II)、參[N,N-雙(三甲基矽烷基)醯胺]釔、參(丁基環戊二烯基)釔(III)、參(環戊二烯基)釔(III)、參(異丙醇)釔(III)、參(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)釔(III)、雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈮(IV)、雙(環戊二烯基)二氫化鋯(IV)、二甲基雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)鋯(IV)、肆(二乙醯胺基)鋯(IV)、肆(二甲基胺基)鋯(IV)、肆(乙基甲基胺基)鋯(IV)、2-乙基己酸鋯(IV)、肆(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)鋯、雙(第三丁基環戊二烯基)二甲基鉿(IV)、雙(三甲基矽烷基)胺基氯化鉿(IV)、二甲基雙(環戊二烯基)鉿(IV)、第三丁醇鉿(IV)、肆(二乙醯胺基)鉿(IV)、肆(二甲基胺基)鉿(IV)、肆(乙基甲基胺基)鉿(IV)、五(二甲基胺基)鉭(V)、乙醇鉭(V)、參(二乙醯胺基)(第三丁基亞胺基)鉭(V)、雙(丁基環戊二烯基)二碘化鎢(IV)、雙(第三丁基亞胺基)雙(第三丁基胺基)鎢、雙(第三丁基亞胺基)雙(二甲胺基)鎢(VI)、雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鎢(IV)、雙(環戊二烯基)二氫化鎢(IV)、雙(異丙基環戊二烯基)二氫化鎢(IV)、環戊二烯基三羰基氫化鎢(II)、四羰基(1,5-環辛二烯)鎢(0)及三羰基三胺鎢(IV),六羰基鎢、雙(五氟苯基)鋅、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮基)鋅(II)、二乙基鋅、二苯基鋅、三甲基(甲基環戊二烯基)鉑(IV)、三乙基(甲基環戊二烯基)鉑(IV)、雙(環戊二烯基)鎂(II)、雙(五甲基環戊二烯基)鎂、(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷、N-第二丁基(三甲基矽烷基)胺、氯五甲基二矽烷、1,2-二氯四甲基二矽烷、1,3-二乙基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氮烷、1,2-二甲基-1,1,2,2-四苯基二矽烷、十二甲基環己矽烷、六甲基二矽烷、六甲基二矽氮烷、甲基矽烷、2,4,6,8,10-五甲基環五矽氧烷、五甲基二矽烷、四溴化矽、四氯化矽、四乙基矽烷、2,4,6,8-四甲基環四矽氧烷、1,1,2,2-四甲基二矽烷、參(第三丁氧基)矽烷醇、參(第三戊氧基)矽烷醇、氟化鍺(IV)、六甲基二鍺(IV)、六苯基二鍺(IV)、四甲基鍺、三丁基氫化鍺、三苯基氫化鍺、雙[雙(三甲基矽烷基)胺基]錫(II)、二丁基二苯基錫、六苯基二錫(IV)、四烯丙基錫、肆(二乙醯胺基)錫(IV)、肆(二甲基胺基)錫(IV)、四甲基
錫、四乙烯基錫、乙醯基丙酮酸錫(II)、三甲基(苯基乙炔基)錫及三甲基(苯基)錫,三(乙氧基)銻(III)、三(丁氧基)銻(III)、((CH3)2N)3SbGe(OC2H5)4、四甲基鍺(IV)、四乙基鍺(IV)、四正丁基鍺(IV)。
金屬鹵化物較佳,又金屬氯化物更佳,尤其TiCl4、TaCl5、MoCl5、WCl5、WCl6、AlCl3、GaCl3、GeCl4、TeCl4。較佳的是含金屬化合物之分子量為至多1,000g/mol,更佳為至多800g/mol,尤其為至多600g/mol,諸如為至多500g/mol。
較佳執行方法為原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition;ALD)方法,包含以下工序:(a)將含金屬化合物自氣態沉積至固體基板上,及(b)使具有經沉積含金屬化合物之固體基板與通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸。較佳地,執行包含(a)及(b)之該工序至少兩次,更佳至少五次,甚至更佳至少10次,尤其至少50次。通常,執行包含(a)及(b)之該工序不超過1,000次。
通常,較佳的為每當將固體基板暴露於呈氣態之含金屬化合物或通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物時,用惰性氣體吹掃基板及其周圍的設備。惰性氣體之較佳實例為氮氣及氬氣。吹掃可花1s至1min的時間,較佳地花5至30s的時間,更佳地花10至25s的時間,尤其花15至20s的時間。
較佳地,基板之溫度比含金屬化合物變為氣態時之溫度高5℃至40℃,例如高20℃。較佳地,基板之溫度介於室溫至400℃,更佳介於100℃至300℃,諸如介於150℃至220℃。
較佳地,在將含金屬化合物沉積於固體基板上之後及在使具有經沉積含金屬化合物之固體基板與通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸之前,使具有經沉積含金屬化合物之固體基板與呈氣相之酸接觸。在不受
理論束縛之情況下,據信使含金屬化合物之配位體質子化,有助於其分解及還原。適合的酸包括鹽酸及羧酸,較佳地包括羧酸,諸如包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸丁酸或三氟乙酸,尤其包括甲酸。
本發明方法之實例為一種將含金屬膜沉積於基板上之方法,其包含:(i)將金屬前驅體蒸氣供應至基板以獲得經塗佈之基板;(ii)用第一載氣吹掃經塗佈之基板;(iii)將氫化鋁共反應物供應至經塗佈之基板;以及隨後(iv)用第二載氣吹掃,其中氫化鋁共反應物為金屬錯合物,包含含有1至3個與鋁結合之氫原子的氫化鋁,且其中視情況將(i)至(iv)重複一或多次。金屬前驅體一般為含金屬化合物。氫化鋁共反應物為通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物,較佳為通式(I)化合物,更佳為通式(Ia)化合物,甚至更佳為其中R'為氫之通式(Ia)化合物,尤其為其中R'為氫且R為甲基之通式(Ia)化合物。
或者,根據本發明之方法可用以自通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物沉積鋁。在此情況下,例如因為固體基板之表面上存在諸如OH基團之反應性基團或固體基板之溫度足夠高,故該通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物吸附至固體基板之表面。較佳地,經吸附之通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物被分解。
分解可以各種方式實現。固體基板之溫度可提高至高於分解溫度。在此情況下,方法為化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition;CVD)方法。典型地,將固體基板加熱至300℃至1000℃範圍內、較佳至350℃至600℃範圍內之溫度。
此外,可將沉積之通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物
暴露於:電漿,如氧電漿、氫電漿、氨電漿或氮電漿;氧化劑,如氧氣、氧自由基、臭氧、氧化亞氮(N2O)、氧化氮(NO)、二氧化氮(NO2)或過氧化氫;氨或氨衍生物,例如第三丁胺、異丙胺、二甲胺、甲基乙基胺或二乙胺;肼或肼衍生物,如N,N-二甲基肼;溶劑,如水、烷烴或四氯化碳;或硼化合物,如甲硼烷。上述選擇視所需層之化學結構而定。對於氧化鋁,較佳使用氧化劑、電漿或水,尤其氧氣、水、氧電漿或臭氧。對於鋁,較佳使用氮化物、氨、肼、肼衍生物、氮電漿或氨電漿。對於硼化鋁,較佳使用硼化合物。對於碳化鋁,較佳使用烷烴或四氯化碳。對於碳化鋁氮化物(aluminum carbide nitride),較佳使用包括烷烴、四氯化碳、氨和/或肼之混合物。
較佳執行方法為原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition;ALD)方法,包含以下工序:(c)使固體基板與通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸,且(d)分解吸附之通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物。較佳地,執行包含(c)及(d)之該工序至少兩次,更佳地至少五次,甚至更佳至少10次,尤其至少50次。通常,執行包含(c)及(d)之該工序不超過1,000次。
在此情況下,基板之溫度較佳地為比含金屬化合物變為氣態時之溫度高5℃至40℃,例如高20℃。較佳地,基板之溫度介於室溫至400℃,更佳介於100℃至300℃,諸如介於150℃至220℃。
若在根據本發明之方法中之基板之溫度保持低於含金屬化合物之分解溫度,則典型地,單層沉積於固體基板上。一旦含金屬化合物之分子沉積於固體基板上,在其頂部上之進一步沉積通常變得較不可能。因此,含金屬化合物於固體基板上之沉積較佳地表示自我限制性方法步驟(self-limiting process step)。自我限制性沉積方法步驟之典型層厚度為0.01nm至1nm,較佳為0.02nm至0.5nm,更佳為0.03nm至0.4nm,尤其為0.05nm至0.2nm。層厚度
典型地藉由如PAS 1022 DE(Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung von optischen und dielektrischen Materialeigenschaften sowie der Schichtdicke dunner Schichten mittels Ellipsometrie;2004年2月)中所描述之橢圓偏振法量測。
具有通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物或含金屬化合物的基板之暴露可花費數毫秒至若干分鐘,較佳地可花費0.1秒至1分鐘,尤其可花費1至10秒。固體基板處於低於通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物之分解溫度的溫度下或含金屬化合物暴露於通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物或含金屬化合物之時間越長,形成之膜越規則且具有越少缺陷。
根據本發明之方法之特定優勢在於通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物非常通用,故方法參數可在較寬範圍內變化。因此,根據本發明之方法包括CVD方法以及ALD方法兩者。
根據本發明之方法產生無機含金屬膜。膜可為金屬之僅一個單層或更厚,諸如0.1nm至1μm,較佳地0.5至50nm。膜可含有缺陷,如孔洞。然而,此等缺陷一般構成小於由膜覆蓋之表面積的一半。膜較佳地具有極其均勻之膜厚度,其意謂在基板上之不同位置處之膜厚度變化極小,通常低於10%,較佳低於5%。此外,膜較佳為基板表面上之保形膜。測定膜厚度及均勻性之適合方法為XPS或橢圓偏振法。
藉由根據本發明之方法獲得之膜可用於電子元件中。電子元件可具有各種尺寸,例如1nm至100pm,例如10nm、14nm或22nm之結構特徵。形成用於電子元件之膜的方法尤其較適用於極精密結構。因此,具有低於1pm之尺寸的電子元件較佳。電子元件之實例為場效電晶體(field-effect transistor;FFT)、太陽能電池、發光二極體、感測器或電容器。在諸如發光二極體或感光器之光學裝置中,藉由根據本發明之方法所獲得之膜用以增大反射光之層的折射率。
較佳電子元件為電晶體。較佳地,膜充當電晶體中之化學位障金屬。化學位障金屬為降低鄰近層之漫射,同時維持電連接性的材料。
實施例1a:[2-(二甲胺基)乙基](2-甲氧基乙基)胺之合成
在250mL圓底燒瓶中使2-氯乙基甲醚(6.092g,0.063mol)、N,N-二甲基伸乙基二胺(19.382g,0.213mol)及水(5mL)之混合物回流18h。在環境溫度下將己烷(15mL)及水(10mL)添加至所得溶液。將燒瓶內含物轉移至分液漏斗。用己烷(14×15mL)洗滌水性溶離份,且使合併之有機溶離份經無水MgSO4乾燥。減壓蒸發溶劑以產生金黃色油狀物(5.513g,產率59.8%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):2.04(s,6H),2.29(t,2H),2.60(t,2H),2.71(t,2H),3.09(s,3H),3.32(t,2H).1H NMR(400MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):
13C NMR(100MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):45.91,48.34,50.35,58.81,60.08,7315。
實施例1b:AlH2[CH3OCH2CH2NCH2CH2NMe2](Ib-1)之合成
在冰浴中於0℃下將AlCl3(0.788g,5.9mmol)於30mL二乙醚中之溶液插管導入LiAlH4(0.708g,17.7mmol)於30mL二乙醚中之攪拌溶液中。將所得混濁溶液升溫至室溫,攪拌40min且再冷卻至-30℃。隨後,逐滴添加[2-(二甲胺基)乙基](2-甲氧基乙基)胺(3.458g,23.6mmol)於45mL二乙醚
中之溶液。在環境溫度下將所得混合物攪拌18h,且隨後經由2-cm矽藻土塞於粗玻璃粉上過濾。自濾過物減壓蒸發二乙醚以收集金黃色油狀產物(2.745g,產率66.7%)。藉由在74℃下減壓蒸餾來純化粗產物,得到無色油狀物(1.645g,產率40%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):2.12(s,6H),2.33(t,2H),2.90(t,2H),3.03(t,3H),3.20(s,3H),3.37(t,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):45.51,47.85,49.29,57.91,60.73,74.19.IR:VAIH/cm-1 1764。
實施例2:H2Al[N(CH2CH2CH2NMe2)2](Ih-1)之合成
在冰浴中於0℃下將AlCl3(0.690g,5.2mmol)於40mL二乙醚中之溶液插管導入LiAlH4(0.621g,15.5mmol)於40mL二乙醚中之攪拌溶液中。將所得混濁溶液升溫至室溫,攪拌40min且隨後冷卻至-30℃。此時,逐滴添加3,3'-亞胺基雙(N,N-二甲基-丙胺)(4.003g,20.7mmol)於55mL二乙醚中之溶液。在環境溫度下將所得混合物攪拌18h,且隨後經由2-cm矽藻土墊於粗玻璃粉上過濾。自濾過物減壓蒸發二乙醚以獲得無色油狀產物(4.003g,產率91%)。在65℃下減壓蒸餾所得產物之一部分(2.043g),得到無色油狀物(1.604g,產率79%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):1.51(p,4H),2.17(s,12H),2.36(t,4H),3.25(t,4H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,C6D6,δ,單位ppm):28.61,46.76,57.77,60.69.IR:VAIH/cm-1 1691。
Claims (12)
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中R為甲基、乙基、第三丁基、三甲基矽基,或兩個R一起形成五員環,且R'為氫。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中若E為NR或A為OR,則NR或OR中的R在1位(1-position)無氫原子。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該含金屬化合物含有Ti、Ta、Mn、Mo、W、Al、Co、Ga、Ge、Sb或Te。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中該含金屬化合物為金屬鹵化 物。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中經吸附的該通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物被分解。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中將包含沉積該含金屬化合物,使該固體基板與該通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物接觸以形成經吸附的該通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物,及分解經吸附的該通式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)化合物的工序執行至少兩次。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中該通式(I)化合物之分子量不大於600g/mol。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中該通式(I)化合物在200℃之溫度下具有至少1毫巴之蒸氣壓。
- 如請求項10或11所述之化合物,其中R'為氫,且R為甲基、乙基、第三丁基或三甲基矽基,或兩個R一起形成五員環。
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