TWI726097B - 粒面調人工皮革 - Google Patents
粒面調人工皮革 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI726097B TWI726097B TW106115087A TW106115087A TWI726097B TW I726097 B TWI726097 B TW I726097B TW 106115087 A TW106115087 A TW 106115087A TW 106115087 A TW106115087 A TW 106115087A TW I726097 B TWI726097 B TW I726097B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- artificial leather
- mass
- flame retardant
- phosphorus
- fiber
- Prior art date
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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Abstract
一種粒面調人工皮革,其係包含人工皮革基材與積層於人工皮革基材之至少一面的樹脂層之粒面調人工皮革,其中人工皮革基材係含有:極細纖維之纖維纏結體、3~50質量%之第1高分子彈性體、以磷原子換算為2.5~6質量%之平均粒徑1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、與1~6質量%之塑化劑;樹脂層係含有:第2高分子彈性體、與阻燃劑粒子,其中阻燃劑粒子以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為0~8質量%,阻燃劑粒子係選自包含第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之群組的至少1種且平均粒徑為1~10μm。
Description
本發明係關於一種兼備高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感的粒面調人工皮革。
傳統上,已知有在將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至極細纖維之不織布等纖維纏結體而得到的人工皮革基材上積層粒面調之樹脂層而形成的粒面調人工皮革。粒面調人工皮革係作為天然皮革之替代品,用作為鞋子、衣料、手套、手提包、瓦楞紙等素材,或是用作為建築物或車輛之內部裝潢材料。
天然皮革由於含有緻密的膠原纖維,而兼備柔韌性與高扎實感(膨體感)。此種天然皮革的高扎實感,將使其在彎撓時形成帶圓角且具高級感的細微折痕,而且展現優美的垂綴(drape)。然而,要取得品質穩定的天然皮革極為困難。又,由於膠原纖維的耐熱性或耐水性較低,而難以使用於要求耐熱性或耐水性的用途。為了對天然皮革賦予耐熱性或耐水性,亦有於其表面形成較厚的樹脂層之方法。然而,形成較厚的樹脂層時,會喪失天然皮革的柔韌性。
另一方面,粒面調人工皮革與天然皮革相比,品質穩定性、耐熱性、耐水性、耐摩耗性較優良,
而且較容易取得。然而,就粒面調人工皮革而言,由於在纖維纏結體的內部殘留有未經高分子彈性體填充的空隙,與天然皮革相比扎實感較差。因此,粒面調人工皮革在彎撓時不會如天然皮革般帶圓角地彎曲,而是以折斷般的方式扭曲而彎折。此種彎折方式較無高級感。再者,為提高纖維纏結體中高分子彈性體的含有比例而減少空隙時,高分子彈性體的反彈感會變高而呈現類似橡膠的堅韌質感。作為具有近似天然皮革之質感的粒面調人工皮革,例如,下述專利文獻1揭示一種在含有填充劑、液態非揮發性油與高分子彈性體之人工皮革基材上積層粒面調之樹脂層而得之具有高扎實感的粒面調人工皮革。
此外,近年來,人工皮革或合成皮革等的類皮革片已被採用作為航空器、船舶、鐵道車輛等大眾運輸工具之內部裝潢材料,或飯店、百貨公司等公共建築物之內部裝潢材料。於公共場所使用的內部裝潢材料等素材,為確保火災時的安全性,而要求具備自熄性、低排煙性、低放熱性等高水準的阻燃性。為了滿足此種阻燃性之要求,向來係廣泛進行對內部裝潢材料等素材摻混具有高阻燃性能的鹵素系阻燃劑。然而,鹵素系阻燃劑由於在燃燒時會產生有毒的鹵素氣體,近年來,環境相關公共機構或使用者繼而推動不使用鹵素系阻燃劑。為了因應此種要求,有人提出各種使用磷系阻燃劑或金屬氫氧化物系阻燃劑的技術。例如,下述專利文獻2揭示一種在纖維布帛之至少單面具有接著劑層與表皮層的
纖維‧胺基甲酸酯樹脂積層物,其中,接著劑層是由含有二烷基磷酸之金屬鹽的胺基甲酸酯樹脂所製,表皮層設於該接著劑層上且是由胺基甲酸酯樹脂所製。另外,下述專利文獻3揭示一種合成皮革,其具備:包含不織布或編織物之基材層、積層於該基材層上之接著劑層、與積層於該接著劑層上之表皮層,前述接著劑層中含有17g/m2以上、90g/m2以下的阻燃劑,且構成接著劑層之樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)為-20℃以下。
專利文獻1 WO2014/132630號小冊
專利文獻2 日本特開2007-118497號公報
專利文獻3 WO2014/208685號小冊
使用將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至極細纖維之纖維纏結體的內部空隙而得到的人工皮革基材之粒面調人工皮革,與如以亦稱正規纖維(regular fiber)之1~5dtex左右的纖維之編織物為基材的合成皮革相比,具有柔韌性或扎實感優良之特徵。然而,緻密地纏結而成之極細纖維的纖維纏結體,與正規纖維之編織物相比纖維的表面積明顯較大,而容易燃燒。又,賦予至粒面調之樹脂層或纖維纏結體的高分子彈性體,與形成纖維之樹脂相比較容易燃燒。基於此等理由,而難以使含有大量
高分子彈性體的粒面調人工皮革具阻燃性,尤其難以在未摻混鹵素系阻燃劑之下而賦予高阻燃性。又,要對粒面調人工皮革使用大量的非鹵素系阻燃劑賦予高阻燃性時,有使用包含極細纖維之纖維纏結體的人工皮革基材之粒面調人工皮革之特徵,即柔韌性或扎實感等質感受損的問題。
本發明的目的在於提供一種粒面調人工皮革,其係在使用包含極細纖維之纖維纏結體的人工皮革基材的粒面調人工皮革中,使用非鹵素系阻燃劑而兼備高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感。
本發明一方面為一種粒面調人工皮革,其係包含人工皮革基材與積層於人工皮革基材之至少一面的樹脂層之粒面調人工皮革,其中人工皮革基材係含有:極細纖維之纖維纏結體、3~50質量%之第1高分子彈性體、以磷原子換算為2.5~6質量%之平均粒徑1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、與1~6質量%之塑化劑;樹脂層係含有:第2高分子彈性體與阻燃劑粒子,其中阻燃劑粒子以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為0~8質量%,阻燃劑粒子係選自包含第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之群組的至少1種且平均粒徑為1~10μm。根據此種構成,在使用包含極細纖維之纖維纏結體的人工皮革基材之粒面調人工皮革中,使用非鹵素系阻燃劑,可獲得兼備高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感的粒面調人工皮革。
又,在人工皮革基材中,較佳係含有作為前述塑化劑之0.5~5質量%的脂肪酸酯,藉此可獲得高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感。又,在人工皮革基材中,較佳係進一步含有第2金屬氫氧化物粒子,藉此可獲得高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感。又,就人工皮革基材中所含有之第1磷系阻燃劑粒子與第2金屬氫氧化物粒子之以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率而言,較佳為2~6質量%。
又,樹脂層中所含有之阻燃劑粒子之以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率較佳為2~8質量%,藉此可獲得更高水準的阻燃性。
就第1磷系阻燃劑粒子或第2磷系阻燃劑粒子而言,較佳係使用多磷酸鹽、有機磷酸金屬鹽、有機次膦酸金屬鹽、有機膦酸金屬鹽。又,就第1金屬氫氧化物粒子或第2金屬氫氧化物粒子而言,較佳係使用氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂。
又,當第1高分子彈性體含有60質量%以上之聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯,且為100%模數為0.5~5MPa的聚胺基甲酸酯時,由於機械特性優良所以較佳。
又,第2高分子彈性體較佳係含有60質量%以上之聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯,藉此可獲得優良的耐摩耗性。
又,人工皮革基材中,極細纖維較佳為聚酯系纖維,且具有0.60~0.85g/cm3的表觀密度,藉此可特別兼備扎實感與柔韌的質感。
根據本發明,可獲得兼備高水準的阻燃性與優良的質感的粒面調人工皮革。
本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革係包含人工皮革基材、與積層於人工皮革基材之至少一面的樹脂層之粒面調人工皮革。而且,人工皮革基材係含有:極細纖維之纖維纏結體、3~50質量%之第1高分子彈性體、以磷原子換算為2.5~6質量%之平均粒徑1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、與1~6質量%之塑化劑。又,樹脂層係含有:第2高分子彈性體與阻燃劑粒子,其中阻燃劑粒子以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為0~8質量%,阻燃劑粒子係選自包含第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之群組的至少1種且平均粒徑為1~10μm。以下,依循其製造方法的一例詳細地說明本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革。
作為極細纖維之纖維纏結體,可舉出極細纖維之不織布、織物、編物等的纖維構造體。此等當中,極細纖維之不織布,由於纖維密度較為緻密,纖維的粗密不均程度較低,而均質性較高,因此特佳之處在於可獲得柔韌性與扎實感優良的人工皮革基材。於本實施形態中,就極細纖維之纖維纏結體而言,係以極細纖維之不織布作為代表例詳細加以說明。
極細纖維之不織布可例如藉由對如海島型(基質-結構域型)複合纖維之極細纖維產生型纖維進行纏結處理,再進行極細纖維化處理而得。此外,於本實施形態中,係就使用海島型複合纖維之場合詳細加以說明,惟亦可使用海島型複合纖維以外的極細纖維產生型纖維,或者不使用極細纖維產生型纖維,而直接以極細纖維進行紡絲。此外,作為海島型複合纖維以外的極細纖維產生型纖維的具體例,只要是可形成:在紡絲後隨即輕輕地接著複數根極細纖維而形成,並藉由機械式操作鬆解而形成複數根極細纖維等的剝離分割型纖維、或於熔融紡絲步驟中使多種樹脂交互集合成花瓣狀而成的花瓣型纖維等的極細纖維之纖維,則可不特別限定地使用。
在極細纖維之不織布的製造中,一開始係藉由將構成可選擇性地去除的海島型複合纖維之海成分(基質成分)的熱塑性樹脂、與構成作為形成極細纖維之樹脂成分的海島型複合纖維之島成分(結構域成分)的熱塑性樹脂進行熔融紡絲,並實施延伸而得到海島型複合纖維。
作為海成分之熱塑性樹脂,係選擇使其對溶劑之溶解性或對分解劑之分解性與島成分之樹脂不同的熱塑性樹脂。作為構成海成分之熱塑性樹脂的具體例,可舉出例如水溶性聚乙烯醇系樹脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、乙烯丙烯樹脂、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、苯乙烯乙烯樹脂、苯乙烯丙烯酸樹脂等。
就作為形成島成分,且形成極細纖維之樹脂成分的熱塑性樹脂而言,只要是可形成海島型複合纖維及極細纖維的樹脂則不特別限定。具體而言,可舉出例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、間苯二甲酸改性PET、磺酸基間苯二甲酸改性PET、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚對苯二甲酸己二酯等的芳香族聚酯;聚乳酸、聚丁二酸乙二酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯、聚丁二酸己二酸丁二酯、聚羥基丁酸酯-聚羥基戊酸酯樹脂等的脂肪族聚酯;聚醯胺6、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺10、聚醯胺11、聚醯胺12、聚醯胺6-12等的聚醯胺;聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丁烯、聚甲基戊烯、氯系聚烯烴等的聚烯烴等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。此等當中,較佳為PET或改性PET、聚乳酸、聚醯胺6、聚醯胺12、聚醯胺6-12、聚丙烯等。尤其是PET及間苯二甲酸改性PET等改性樹脂較佳,其收縮特性良好且可獲得高扎實感。此外,改性PET之改性率較佳為0.1~30mol%,更佳為0.5~15mol%,進一步更佳為1~10mol%。
作為極細纖維之不織布的製造方法,可舉出例如將海島型複合纖維進行熔融紡絲而製造織網,並對織網進行纏結處理後,由海島型複合纖維選擇性地去除海成分而形成極細纖維等方法。作為製造織網之方法,可舉出將藉由紡黏法等紡絲而成之長纖維的海島型複合纖維在未經切割下收集於網上而形成長纖維網的方法、或將長纖維切成短纖維而形成短纖維網的方法。此等當中,由緻密度及扎實感優良而言特佳者為長纖維網。又,
為了對形成之織網賦予形態穩定性,亦可實施熔接處理。作為纏結處理,可舉出例如疊合5~100張左右的織網,對其實施針軋或高壓水流處理的方法。
此外,長纖維並非是指在紡絲後經刻意地裁切之短纖維,而是指呈連續的纖維。更具體而言,意指例如非由纖維長度經刻意地切成3~80mm左右之短纖維的纖維。作成極細纖維前之海島型複合纖維的纖維長度較佳為100mm以上,只要是技術上可製造,而且於製造步驟中不會無法避免地被切斷,則亦可為數m、數百m、數km或者其以上之纖維長度。此外,有時也會因纏結時的針軋、或表面的拋光,而於製造步驟中使長纖維的一部分無法避免地被切斷而形成短纖維。
在去除海島型複合纖維之海成分而形成極細纖維前的任一步驟中,藉由實施使用水蒸氣之熱收縮處理等的纖維收縮處理,可使海島型複合纖維緻密化而提升扎實感。
海島型複合纖維之海成分係於使織網形成後的適當階段經溶解或分解而去除。藉由此種分解去除或溶解萃取去除,海島型複合纖維成為極細纖維,而形成纖維束狀之極細纖維。
極細纖維的平均纖度較佳為0.9dtex以下,更佳為0.001~0.9dtex,特佳為0.01~0.6dtex,尤佳為0.01~0.4dtex。平均纖度過高時,會得到緻密感不充分的不織布。又,平均纖度過低之極細纖維有缺乏生產性、或極細纖維彼此聚集成束而使不織布的剛性變高之傾
向。此外,平均纖度可對人工皮革之厚度方向的剖面使用掃描型顯微鏡以倍率2000倍進行拍攝,求出單纖維的剖面積,由其剖面積與形成纖維之樹脂的比重,算出一根單纖維的纖度。平均纖度可定義為由拍攝影像均勻地求得之平均100根單纖維的纖度的平均值。
如此所得之極細纖維之不織布係視需求經過厚度調整及平坦化處理。具體而言,係實施切割處理或拋光處理。如此,可獲得屬極細纖維之纖維纏結體的不織布。纖維纏結體的厚度不特別限定,較佳為100~3000μm,更佳為300~2000μm左右。又,纖維纏結體的表觀密度為0.60~0.80g/cm3,甚而為0.65~0.75g/cm3左右,由可獲得兼備扎實感與柔韌的質感的人工皮革基材係較佳。
本實施形態之人工皮革基材係進一步包含3~50質量%之第1高分子彈性體、以磷原子換算為2.5~6質量%之平均粒徑1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、與1~6質量%之塑化劑。此等係賦予至極細纖維之纖維纏結體。賦予至纖維纏結體的第1高分子彈性體、第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、塑化劑可對纖維纏結體以彼等之混合物同時賦予,可將各者在個別步驟中賦予,或者,亦可賦予彼等中的任一者後,再賦予其餘兩種之混合物。此等方式當中,尤其是賦予第1高分子彈性體後,再賦予第1磷系阻燃劑粒子與塑化劑之混合物較佳,藉此容易獲得柔韌的質感與扎實感。
第1高分子彈性體係為了捆縛極細纖維而對人工皮革基材賦予剛性及形態穩定性、或為了賦予柔韌性或高扎實感而賦予至纖維纏結體。
第1高分子彈性體係藉由例如將聚胺基甲酸酯等高分子彈性體之乳液等的水性液含浸於使極細纖維產生型纖維形成極細纖維前的極細纖維產生型纖維之纖維纏結體,或是含浸於使極細纖維產生型纖維形成極細纖維後的極細纖維之纖維纏結體之後,再使其凝固等方法來賦予。使用高分子彈性體之乳液等的水性液時,由於對環境的負擔較低所以較佳。作為使高分子彈性體之水性液含浸於極細纖維產生型纖維之纖維纏結體或極細纖維之纖維纏結體的方法,可舉出例如使用刮刀式塗布機、桿式塗布機、或輥塗布機之方法、或進行浸漬之方法等。又,使用高分子彈性體之乳液時,可藉由在50~200℃之乾燥裝置中進行熱處理之方法、於紅外線加熱後在乾燥機中進行熱處理之方法、經過蒸氣處理後以乾燥機進行熱處理之方法、或者於超音波加熱後以乾燥機進行熱處理之方法、以及組合此等而成之方法來使高分子彈性體凝聚。
作為第1高分子彈性體,可不特別限定地使用橡膠、彈性體等的高分子彈性體。作為高分子彈性體的具體例,可舉出例如二烯系橡膠(丁二烯橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠、氯丁二烯橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠等)、腈系橡膠(腈橡膠、氫化腈橡膠等)、丙烯酸系橡膠(丙烯酸橡膠等)、胺基甲酸酯橡膠(聚醚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯胺
基甲酸酯橡膠等)、聚矽氧橡膠、烯烴系橡膠(乙烯-丙烯橡膠等)、氟橡膠、聚苯乙烯系彈性體(苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物、或者此等之氫化物或環氧化物等)、聚烯烴系彈性體(丙烯-乙烯‧丙烯橡膠共聚物等的烯烴與橡膠成分之共聚物、或其氫化物等)、聚胺基甲酸酯(聚醚胺基甲酸酯、聚酯胺基甲酸酯、聚醚酯胺基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯胺基甲酸酯、聚醚碳酸酯胺基甲酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯胺基甲酸酯等)、聚酯系彈性體(聚醚酯彈性體、聚酯酯彈性體等)、聚醯胺系彈性體(聚酯醯胺彈性體、聚醚酯醯胺彈性體等)、鹵素系彈性體(氯乙烯系彈性體等)等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。此等當中特佳者為聚胺基甲酸酯。
作為聚胺基甲酸酯,可舉出使平均分子量200~6000之高分子多元醇、有機多異氰酸酯、及鏈伸長劑以既定的莫耳比反應而得到的各種聚胺基甲酸酯。
作為高分子多元醇,可舉出例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亞甲基二醇、聚(甲基四亞甲基二醇)等的聚醚系多元醇及其共聚物;聚己二酸丁二酯二醇、聚癸二酸丁二酯二醇、聚己二酸己二酯二醇、聚(3-甲基-1,5-伸戊基己二酸)二醇、聚(3-甲基-1,5-伸戊基癸二酸)二醇、聚己內酯二醇等的聚酯系多元醇及其共聚物;聚碳酸六亞甲基酯二醇、聚(3-甲基-1,5-伸戊基碳酸酯)二
醇、聚碳酸五亞甲基酯二醇、聚碳酸四亞甲基酯二醇等的聚碳酸酯系多元醇及其共聚物;聚酯碳酸酯多元醇等。又,亦可視需求併用3官能醇或4官能醇等的多官能醇或併用乙二醇等的短鏈醇。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。又,其中特別以非晶性之聚碳酸酯系多元醇、脂環族聚碳酸酯系多元醇、直鏈狀聚碳酸酯系多元醇共聚物、聚醚系多元醇等較佳,藉此可獲得在柔軟性與扎實感間取得優良之平衡的人工皮革基材。
又,作為有機多異氰酸酯,可舉出例如六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯、降莰烯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯等的脂肪族或者脂環族二異氰酸酯等的無黃變型二異氰酸酯;2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、伸二甲苯二異氰酸酯聚胺基甲酸酯等的芳香族二異氰酸酯等。又,亦可視需求併用3官能異氰酸酯或4官能異氰酸酯等的多官能異氰酸酯。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。此等當中,4,4’-二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、伸二甲苯二異氰酸酯的機械特性優良所以較佳。
此外,作為鏈伸長劑,可舉出例如肼、乙二胺、丙二胺、己二胺、壬二胺、苯二甲基二胺、異佛爾酮二胺、哌及其衍生物、己二酸二醯肼、間苯二甲酸二醯肼等的二胺類;二伸乙基三胺等的三胺類;三伸乙基四胺等的四胺類;乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-
己二醇、1,4-雙(β-羥基乙氧基)苯、1,4-環己二醇等的二醇類;三羥甲基丙烷等的三醇類;新戊四醇等的五醇類;胺基乙醇、胺基丙醇等的胺醇類等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。此等當中,由肼、哌、乙二胺、己二胺、異佛爾酮二胺及其衍生物、二伸乙基三胺等三胺當中組合使用兩種以上較佳,藉此可獲得優良的機械特性。又,鏈伸長反應時,亦可與鏈伸長劑共同併用乙胺、丙胺、丁胺等的單胺類;4-胺基丁酸、6-胺基己酸等含有羧基之單胺化合物;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇等的單醇類。
另外,為了控制聚胺基甲酸酯的吸水率或與纖維的接著性或硬度,亦可藉由添加分子內含有兩個以上之可與形成聚胺基甲酸酯之單體單元所具有的官能基反應之官能基的交聯劑,例如碳二醯亞胺系化合物、環氧系化合物、唑啉系化合物、或是添加多異氰酸酯系化合物、多官能嵌段異氰酸酯系化合物等的自行交聯性之化合物來形成交聯構造。
作為聚胺基甲酸酯之乳液,可舉出對不具有離子性基的聚胺基甲酸酯骨架添加乳化劑而乳液化的強制乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯乳液、於聚胺基甲酸酯骨架具有羧基、磺酸基、銨基等的離子性基,藉由自行乳化而乳液化的自行乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯乳液、或併用乳化劑與聚胺基甲酸酯骨架之離子性基的聚胺基甲酸酯乳液。舉例而言,為了對聚胺基甲酸酯骨架導入羧基,可使用將2,2-雙(羥甲基)丙酸、2,2-雙(羥甲基)丁酸、2,2-雙(羥甲
基)戊酸等含有羧基之二醇等單元穿插於聚胺基甲酸酯骨架之方法。
又,就聚胺基甲酸酯之乳液而言,使用包含20~100質量%之強制乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯與0~80質量%之自行乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯,尤為包含30~100質量%之強制乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯與0~70質量%之自行乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯的聚胺基甲酸酯乳液較佳,藉此可獲得柔韌的質感。再者,就聚胺基甲酸酯之乳液的分散平均粒徑,較佳為0.01~1μm,更佳為0.03~0.5μm。
聚胺基甲酸酯其100%模數為0.5~5MPa,甚而為1~4MPa較佳,藉此可透過與塑化劑併用而獲得柔韌的質感。100%模數過低時,有在受熱情況下軟化而捆縛極細纖維,使柔韌的質感變差的傾向。又,100%模數過高時則有變硬的傾向。又,聚胺基甲酸酯其60質量%以上為聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯較佳,藉此可具備優良的耐久性。
人工皮革基材中所含之第1高分子彈性體的比例較佳為3~50質量%,更佳為5~45質量%,進一步更佳為8~30質量%。第1高分子彈性體的含有比例小於3質量%時,扎實感或形態穩定性會降低;超過50質量%時則橡膠感會變高而損及質感,同時阻燃性會降低。
使高分子彈性體的乳液含浸於極細纖維產生型纖維之纖維纏結體或極細纖維之纖維纏結體後進行乾燥時,由於乳液會轉移(遷移)至極細纖維產生型纖維之纖維纏結體或極細纖維之纖維纏結體的表層,而無法於
厚度方向均地賦予。在此種情況下,藉由調整乳液中之高分子彈性體的粒徑、調整高分子彈性體之離子性基的種類或量、添加藉由40~100℃左右的溫度而改變pH值的銨鹽使水分散穩定性降低、或是添加一價或二價鹼金屬鹽或鹼土金屬鹽、非離子系乳化劑、締合型水溶性增黏劑、水溶性聚矽氧系化合物等的締合型感熱膠化劑、或水溶性聚胺基甲酸酯系化合物,使40~100℃左右的水分散穩定性降低,藉此可抑制遷移。此外,亦可視需求使高分子彈性體遷移而局部地存在於表面。又,乾燥法或賦予方法,亦可於表面側與背面側採用不同的條件,使高分子彈性體優先地存在於表面側。
第1高分子彈性體,在極細纖維形成來自於極細纖維產生型纖維之纖維束時,可含浸於纖維束的內部,亦可附著於纖維束的外部。當第1高分子彈性體含浸於纖維束的內部時,藉由改變對形成纖維束之極細纖維的捆縛程度可適宜地調整質感。例如,對海島型複合纖維實施極細纖維化處理時,係由海島型複合纖維去除水溶性熱塑性樹脂而於極細纖維束的內部形成空隙。對包含如此形成之極細纖維束的極細纖維之纖維纏結體賦予高分子彈性體時,容易藉由毛細管現象使高分子彈性體的分散液含浸於形成極細纖維束的極細纖維間。因此,極細纖維束內的極細纖維易受捆縛,得以進一步提高包含極細纖維束之纖維纏結體的形態保持性。
第1磷系阻燃劑粒子係一種對人工皮革基材賦予阻燃性與具扎實感之質感的成分,阻燃性可使燃燒
時不產生有毒氣體,並可實現良好的自熄性與較低的燃燒放熱量或排煙濃度。平均粒徑為1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子可發揮與塑化劑的相乘性效果,而對人工皮革基材賦予高水準的阻燃性與柔韌且具備扎實感的質感。
本實施形態中的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子係指在室溫下呈粒子狀固體之含有磷原子的化合物。作為其具體例,可舉出例如多磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸蜜白胺、多磷酸蜜勒胺、多磷酸銨等的多磷酸鹽;有機磷酸金屬鹽、二烷基次膦酸金屬鹽等的有機次膦酸金屬鹽、有機膦酸金屬鹽等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。此等當中,二烷基次膦酸金屬鹽、多磷酸鹽及以三聚氰胺等膠囊化而得到之多磷酸銨,由於耐水性、耐熱性良好且磷原子含有率較高而阻燃效果較高所以較佳。又,第1磷系阻燃劑粒子,由不會在使用時的加濕環境下或因濡濕而發生變化而言,較佳為低水溶性,就溶解度而言較佳為1%以下。又,由不會在使用時的高溫環境下發生變化而言,熔點或分解溫度較佳為250℃以上,更佳為300℃以上。
第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的平均粒徑較佳為1~10μm,更佳為2~7μm。平均粒徑小於1μm時,人工皮革基材的質感會偏硬;超過10μm時,則不易均勻地賦予至纖維纏結體的空隙而使阻燃性降低。
人工皮革基材中所含之第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的比例,以磷原子換算較佳為2.5~6質量%,更佳為3.5
~5.5質量%。第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的含有率以磷原子換算小於2.5質量%時,無法獲得高水準的阻燃性。又,第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的含有率以磷原子換算超過6質量%時則會喪失柔韌性。
此外,人工皮革基材亦可視需求進一步含有金屬氫氧化物粒子(第2金屬氫氧化物粒子)。第2金屬氫氧化物粒子可對人工皮革基材賦予阻燃性與具扎實感之質感,阻燃性可使燃燒時不產生有毒氣體,並可實現良好的自熄性與較低的燃燒放熱量或排煙濃度。第2金屬氫氧化物粒子亦可發揮與塑化劑的相乘性效果,可對人工皮革基材賦予高水準的阻燃性與柔韌且具備扎實感的質感。
第2金屬氫氧化物粒子係指在室溫下呈粒子狀固體之具有羥基的金屬化合物,具體而言,可舉出氫氧化鋁或氫氧化鎂等。第2金屬氫氧化物粒子的平均粒徑不特別限定,較佳為1~10μm,更佳為2~8μm。
人工皮革基材中所含之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子的比例,以第1磷系阻燃劑粒子與第2金屬氫氧化物粒子之磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率較佳為2~6質量%,更佳為2.5~6質量%,特佳為3.5~5.5質量%。
塑化劑係一種對纖維纏結體賦予第1磷系阻燃劑粒子及視需求而定之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子時,藉由抑制柔韌性降低而對人工皮革基材賦予兼備柔韌性與扎實感之質感的成分。本實施形態中的塑化劑係指為了使構成人工皮革基材之纖維或高分子彈性體、阻燃劑粒
子變得更柔軟,同時使構成之纖維或高分子彈性體、阻燃劑粒子的塑性變形性提升而摻混的液狀、黏稠狀、蠟狀、固態之油脂或脂肪酯。作為其具體例,可舉出例如脂肪酸酯、石蠟油等的烴系油、烴系蠟、巴西棕櫚蠟、鄰苯二甲酸酯、磷酸酯、羥基羧酸酯等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。此等當中以脂肪酸酯較佳,其透過與第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、視需求賦予之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子及高分子彈性體併用,可對人工皮革基材賦予兼備柔韌性與扎實感之質感,而不會使阻燃性或耐久性降低。
脂肪酸酯可例如是一元醇酯、多元酸之一元醇酯、多元醇之脂肪酸酯及其衍生物、甘油之脂肪酸酯等由醇成分與酸成分經酯化而形成之化合物。作為醇成分,可舉出甲醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、正辛醇、2-乙基己醇、正癸醇、異癸醇、月桂醇、異十三醇、肉豆蔻醇、鯨蠟醇、硬脂醇、辛基十二醇、甘油、山梨醇酐、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐、聚氧乙烯山梨醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊四醇、聚氧乙烯雙酚A等。又,作為酸成分,可列舉辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、油酸、二十二酸、椰子脂肪酸、甲基丙烯酸、2-乙基己酸、鄰苯二甲酸、己二酸、壬二酸、馬來酸、癸二酸、偏苯三甲酸等。
作為脂肪酸酯的具體例,可舉出例如2-乙基己酸十六酯、椰子脂肪酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸2-乙基己酯、肉豆蔻酸
辛基十二酯、硬脂酸甲酯、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸2-乙基己酯、硬脂酸異十三酯、油酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、硬脂酸十八酯、油酸異丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸二正烷基酯、鄰苯二甲酸二2-乙基己酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯、鄰苯二甲酸二癸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(十三酯)、偏苯三甲酸三正烷基酯、偏苯三甲酸三2-乙基己酯、偏苯三甲酸三異癸酯、己二酸二異丁酯、己二酸二異癸酯、山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、山梨醇酐單棕櫚酸酯、山梨醇酐單硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐單油酸酯、山梨醇酐三油酸酯、山梨醇酐單硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐倍半油酸酯、山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、山梨醇酐單棕櫚酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯單棕櫚酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單油酸酯、聚氧乙烯三油酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇四油酸酯、山梨醇酐單月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯單月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯單月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇單硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇單油酸酯、聚乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇雙酚A月桂酸酯、新戊四醇單油酸酯、新戊四醇單硬脂酸酯、新戊四醇四棕櫚酸酯、硬脂酸單甘油酯、硬脂酸單甘油酯、棕櫚酸單甘油酯、油酸單甘油酯、硬脂酸單‧二甘油酯、2-乙基己酸三甘油酯、二十二酸單甘油酯、辛酸單‧二甘油酯、辛酸三甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯等。亦可將脂肪酸酯調成例如使脂肪酸酯分散於水或水與醇等極性溶媒之混合液等的分散媒而成的分散液來使用。脂肪酸酯當中,由透過與磷系阻燃劑粒子或金屬氫氧化物併用,可對人工皮革
基材賦予兼備柔韌性與扎實感之質感,而不會使阻燃性或耐久性降低的層面而言,熔點為60℃左右以下,其中以在室溫下為液態化合物的脂肪酸酯較佳,尤為碳數12~18之脂肪酸與多元醇的脂肪酸酯添加磷系阻燃劑粒子亦可獲得更柔韌的質感與扎實感,由此而言係特佳。
人工皮革基材中所含之塑化劑的比例較佳為1~6質量%,更佳為2~5質量%。塑化劑的含有率小於1質量%時,無法充分抑制因添加第1磷系阻燃劑粒子或視需求賦予之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子而喪失柔韌性的情形;超過6質量%時則會使阻燃性降低、或滲出而發黏。又,包含脂肪酸酯作為塑化劑時,係以含有0.5~5質量%的脂肪酸酯,較佳含有1~3質量%為佳。
將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、視需求而定之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子與塑化劑賦予至纖維纏結體的方法不特別限定。具體而言,可舉出例如藉由浸軋(dip-nip)法使含有第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、視需求而定之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子與塑化劑的分散液含浸於纖維纏結體後,加以乾燥等方法。含浸之分散液的黏度只要是可含浸於纖維纏結體的黏度則不特別限定。具體而言,例如,以旋轉式黏度計測得之溶液黏度較佳為10~1000mPa‧s(毫帕斯卡秒),更佳為50~500mPa‧s左右。
藉由使含浸有分散液的纖維纏結體乾燥,而使分散液中的分散媒等揮發成分乾燥,第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、視需求而定之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子及塑化劑即殘留於纖維纏結體之纖維間的空隙。乾燥條件不特別限
定,可舉出例如於70~150℃使其乾燥1~10分鐘左右等條件。
如此即得到對纖維纏結體含浸賦予高分子彈性體、第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、視需求而定之第2金屬氫氧化物粒子、塑化劑的人工皮革基材。人工皮革基材可視需求實施切割處理或拋光處理而進行厚度調整及平坦化處理、或者亦可實施搓揉柔軟化處理、縮絨(milling)柔軟化處理、反向密封(reverse seal)之刷毛處理、防汙處理、親水化處理、潤滑劑處理、柔軟劑處理、抗氧化劑處理、紫外線吸收劑處理、螢光劑處理、阻燃劑處理等的精加工處理。
又,為達成調整人工皮革基材的扎實感與柔韌性之目的,較佳的處理為對人工皮革基材實施柔軟加工。柔軟加工之方法不特別限定,較佳為使人工皮革基材密接於彈性體薄片使其朝縱向(生產線之MD)機械性地收縮,並於此收縮狀態下實施熱處理而予以熱定型的方法。透過採用本方法,可提升表面的平滑性同時使其變得更柔軟。
如此所得之人工皮革基材的厚度不特別限定,較佳為100~3000μm,更佳為300~2000μm左右。又,人工皮革基材的表觀密度為0.55~0.85g/cm3,更佳為0.60~0.80g/cm3,藉此可在扎實感與柔韌的質感間取得優良的平衡。
本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革可藉由在人工皮革基材的表面形成粒面調之樹脂層而得。樹脂層可為
單層,亦可為包含如含有表皮層與接著劑層之複數層的積層結構。此外,具有包含複數層的積層結構時,積層結構的全體係採用樹脂層。本實施形態之樹脂層係含有第2高分子彈性體、與以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為8質量%以下之選自包含第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之群組的平均粒徑1~10μm之阻燃劑粒子。
第2高分子彈性體為樹脂層所含之高分子彈性體。作為第2高分子彈性體,可舉出例如聚胺基甲酸酯、丙烯酸系彈性體、聚矽氧系彈性體、二烯系彈性體、腈系彈性體、氟系彈性體、聚苯乙烯系彈性體、聚烯烴系彈性體、聚醯胺系彈性體、鹵素系彈性體等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。又,具有積層結構時,各層可為種類不同的高分子彈性體。此等當中,聚胺基甲酸酯由於耐摩耗性或機械特性優良所以較佳。又,第2高分子彈性體中,在不損及本發明之效果的範圍內,亦可含有著色劑、紫外線吸收劑、界面活性劑、其他的阻燃劑、抗氧化劑等。
第2磷系阻燃劑粒子係一種對樹脂層賦予高水準之阻燃性的成分,其於燃燒時不產生有毒氣體並可實現良好的自熄性與較低的燃燒放熱量或排煙濃度。第2磷系阻燃劑粒子係使用與上述之人工皮革基材所含者相同的成分。對樹脂層摻混第2磷系阻燃劑粒子時,如摻混液態磷系阻燃劑之場合,不易產生在使用時朝表面滲出而發黏等問題。又,可抑制如摻混造膜性固體之磷
系阻燃劑之場合樹脂層硬化而喪失柔韌性、或彎曲性降低的情形。此外,第2磷系阻燃劑粒子,由不會在使用時的加濕環境下或因濡濕而發生變化而言,較佳為低水溶性,就溶解度而言較佳為1%以下。又,為了不易在高溫環境下使用時發生變化,熔點或分解溫度較佳為250℃以上,更佳為300℃以上。
第2磷系阻燃劑粒子的平均粒徑為1~10μm,較佳為2~7μm。平均粒徑小於1μm時,不易均勻地分散於樹脂層而導致阻燃性降低;超過10μm時,表面物性或彎曲性容易降低、或阻燃性容易降低。
又,第1金屬氫氧化物粒子係指在室溫下呈粒子狀固體之具有羥基的金屬化合物,具體而言,可舉出氫氧化鋁或氫氧化鎂等的粒子。使用聚胺基甲酸酯作為第2高分子彈性體時,由阻燃效果較高而言特佳為氫氧化鋁。
第2磷系阻燃劑粒子或第1金屬氫氧化物粒子的平均粒徑為1~10μm,較佳為2~8μm。平均粒徑小於1μm時,阻燃劑粒子會凝聚而不易均勻地分散,其結果將導致阻燃性降低。又,平均粒徑超過10μm時由於阻燃劑的表面積變小,不僅使阻燃性降低,而且樹脂層的機械特性亦降低。第2磷系阻燃劑粒子或第1金屬氫氧化物的平均粒徑可藉由根據折射率之方法等周知之方法來測定。再者,使用人工皮革基材時,平均粒徑係定義為對人工皮革之厚度方向的剖面、或對粒面層的剖面藉由掃描型顯微鏡以倍率1000倍進行拍攝後,由拍攝影
像均勻地求得之平均100個阻燃劑粒子之直徑的數值平均值。
就樹脂層所含有之阻燃劑粒子的總含有率而言,以磷原子換算與羥基換算為0~8質量%,較佳為2~8質量%。總含有率超過8質量%時,樹脂層硬化而彎曲時容易產生較粗的表紋或較深的皺褶。又,容易導致彎曲性、剝離強力、表面摩耗等的物性降低。
在人工皮革基材的表面形成樹脂層的方法不特別限定。具體而言,係使用例如乾式造面法或直接塗布法。乾式造面法係一種在剝離片上塗布用來形成粒面調之表皮層並包含經著色樹脂的塗液作為樹脂層後,使其乾燥而形成被膜,將被膜經由接著劑層貼合於人工皮革基材的表面後,再將剝離片剝離的方法。又,直接塗布法係一種將用來形成樹脂層之塗液直接或藉由輥塗布機或噴霧塗布機塗布於人工皮革基材的表面後,使其乾燥而形成的方法。此外,樹脂層亦可藉由壓花加工等形成表紋圖案。作為壓花加工,可舉出例如在表面賦予有表紋圖案的附有表紋之脫模紙而形成表皮層、或在表皮層未硬化的狀態下轉印表紋圖案後,使其硬化等方法。樹脂層的厚度較佳為10~1000μm,更佳為30~300μm。
如此可得本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革。本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革的表觀密度為0.60~0.85g/cm3,甚而為0.65~0.80g/cm3較佳,藉此可獲得高扎實感。又,本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革係兼備如天然皮革般的柔韌性與高扎實感。具體而言,例如以柔軟
度試驗機測得之抗彎曲度,當粒面調人工皮革的厚度為0.5mm時,較佳為3.5mm以上,更佳為4.0mm以上;厚度為0.7mm時較佳為3.0mm以上,厚度為1mm時較佳為2.5mm以上。
本實施形態之粒面調人工皮革,由於兼備高水準的阻燃性與柔韌的質感、扎實感,因此適合使用於例如航空器、船舶、鐵道、車輛等大眾運輸工具、或者飯店、百貨公司等公共建築物之座椅或沙發之素材或壁面等的內部裝潢等要求自熄性、低排煙性、低放熱性等高水準的阻燃性之用途。
以下,根據實施例對本發明更具體地加以說明。此外,本發明之範圍不受實施例任何限定。
[實施例1]
〈不織布的製造〉
使用作為海成分之水溶性熱塑性聚乙烯醇(PVA)、作為島成分之改性率6莫耳%的間苯二甲酸改性聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯,對設定為金屬口溫度260℃之供形成在海成分中分布有25個剖面積均勻的島成分之剖面的噴嘴孔以並列狀的配置複數紡絲用金屬口供給熔融樹脂,由噴嘴孔排出。此時,一面進行壓力調整使海成分與島成分的質量比為海成分/島成分=25/75,並一面進行供給。
然後,將排出之熔融纖維以平均紡絲速度為3700m/分的方式以抽吸裝置進行吸取,藉此實施延伸而紡絲成纖度為3.3dtex的海島型複合纖維之長纖維。經紡
絲之海島型複合纖維的長纖維係連續地堆積於可動型的網上,以42℃的金屬輥輕輕按壓,來抑制表面的起球。其後,將海島型複合纖維之長纖維由網剝離,使其通過表面溫度55℃之格子圖案的金屬輥與背輥之間。如此,以線壓200N/mm進行熱壓而得到基重31g/m2的長纖維網。
其次,使用交叉包紮機將織網重疊8層而製作疊合織網至總基重為220g/m2,並進一步噴灑防止針彎折之油劑。接著,使用針尖端至第1倒鉤的距離為3.2mm的6倒鉤針,以針深度8.3mm自兩面交互地以3300軋孔/cm2進行針軋。藉此針軋處理所得的面積收縮率為70%,針軋後之纏結網的基重為460g/m2。
將纏結網捲繞並以線速度10m/分使其在70℃、50%RH濕度下以30秒通過而產生濕熱收縮。濕熱收縮處理前後的面積收縮率為47%。然後,將作為第1高分子彈性體之100%模數為2.5MPa的強制乳化型非晶性聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯、及100%模數為3.0MPa的自行乳化型非晶性聚碳酸酯胺基甲酸酯以聚胺基甲酸酯固體含量計為60/40的方式混合,進一步對纏結不織布含浸賦予含有1.5質量%之硫酸銨的水分散液後,於150℃使其乾燥。然後,在95℃的熱水中重複實施浸軋處理而將PVA溶解去除,藉此製成包含將含有25根纖度0.1dtex之極細長纖維的纖維束以三維交纏而成的不織布之纖維纏結體中間體。纖維纏結體中間體中之聚胺基甲酸酯的含有率為10質量%。
然後,切割纖維纏結體中間體而於厚度方向分割成2等分,藉由進行拋光而精加工成厚度約0.5mm的纖維纏結體。如此所得之纖維纏結體的厚度為0.48mm、基重為280g/m2、表觀密度為0.56g/cm3。
〈第1磷系阻燃劑粒子與塑化劑的含浸賦予〉
首先,調製包含22質量%之平均粒徑4μm的二烷基次膦酸鋁、作為塑化劑之2.2質量%的脂肪酸酯與2.2質量%的石蠟油的水分散液。然後,對極細纖維之不織布以達90%之載持率的方式使水分散液含浸於纖維纏結體後,於120℃使水分乾燥。其後,使用收縮加工裝置(小松原鐵工(股)製山芙來茵防縮加工機(Sanforizing machine)),以其收縮部之滾筒溫度120℃、熱定型部之滾筒溫度120℃、運送速度10m/分實施處理使其沿縱向(長度方向)收縮5.0%而得到人工皮革基材。所得之人工皮革基材的厚度為0.50mm、基重為325g/m2、表觀密度為0.65g/cm3。又,人工皮革基材係以高分子彈性體8.2質量%、二烷基次膦酸鋁17質量%(以磷原子換算為3.9質量%)、脂肪酸酯1.7質量%、及石蠟油為1.7質量%的比例含有各成分。
〈粒面層的形成〉
藉由對具有凹凸圖案之附有表紋之剝離片的表面塗布含有顏料的聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯溶液(DIC(股)製CRISVON S-121,固體含量30質量%)並加以乾燥,而形成厚度30μm的粒面層皮膜。
然後,使用含有15質量%之作為第2磷系阻燃劑粒子之平均粒徑4μm的二烷基次膦酸鋁、含有1.7質量%之作為第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之平均粒徑3μm的氫氧化鋁的聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯溶液(DIC(股)製TA-205FT,固體含量70%)作為接著劑,將人工皮革基材與形成於附有表紋之剝離片的粒面層皮膜相互貼合。形成之聚胺基甲酸酯接著層的厚度為60μm。粒面層與接著劑層組合而成的樹脂層係含有以磷原子換算為3.4質量%的二烷基次膦酸鋁、以羥基換算為0.43質量%的氫氧化鋁,以磷原子換算與羥基換算的總計為3.8質量%。
如此即得到厚度0.58mm、基重400g/m2、表觀密度0.69g/m2的粒面調人工皮革。
〈粒面調人工皮革的評定〉
對所得粒面調人工皮革依循以下評定方法進行評定。
(抗彎曲度)
使用柔軟度試驗機(皮革柔軟度計測裝置ST300:英國MSA Engineering System公司製)來測定抗彎曲度。具體而言,係將直徑25mm之既定的環裝設於裝置的下部保持器後,對下部保持器裝設粒面調人工皮革。然後,將固定於上部操作桿之金屬製的銷(直徑5mm)朝粒面調人工皮革壓下。然後,壓下上部操作桿並讀取上部操作桿鎖住時的數值。此外,數值係表示壓入深度,數值愈大表示愈柔韌。
(質感)
首先,將粒面調人工皮革切成20×20cm而製作出樣本。然後,依以下基準判定以中央部為邊界朝內側彎曲時的外觀或抓持時的外觀。
A:彎曲時帶圓角地彎撓,而且產生了緻密且細微的折紋。又,垂綴性亦優良。
B:呈橡膠般的質感,反彈感強且垂綴性亦差。
C:呈扎實感顯著偏低之質感,彎曲時產生了較粗的表紋或較深的皺褶。
(燃燒試驗:自熄性)
根據FAR25 Appendix F Part1(a)(1)(ii)之美國航空器內部裝潢材料的燃燒試驗規格來測定垂直法阻燃性。具體而言,係將粒面調人工皮革切成50.8mm×304.8mm而作成試片。然後將試片垂直地固定於燃燒試驗裝置的試料保持器。將燃燒器配置於試片一端的正下方,使其接觸火焰12秒後,測量試片的燃燒距離、自熄時間、垂滴自熄時間。此外,評定係對人工皮革基材及粒面調人工皮革各者進行,算出各n=10的平均。
(排煙試驗)
根據ASTM E662之美國鐵道的燃燒試驗規格藉由燃燒器火焰與25kW/m2加熱器使其加熱燃燒10分鐘並測定4分鐘後的排煙濃度Ds。
(燃燒放熱量試驗)
根據ISO5660-1之錐形卡計法藉由50kW/m2加熱器使其加熱燃燒10分鐘並測定2分鐘後的總放熱量與峰值放熱量。
(表觀密度)
依據JIS L1913,測定厚度(mm)及基重(g/cm2),由此等值算出表觀密度(g/cm3)。
將以上之評定結果示於下述表1。
[實施例2~5]
除如表1所示般變更實施例1之各成分的組成以外,係以與實施例1同樣的方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表1。
[實施例6~7]
除如表1所示般分別將極細纖維的纖度變更為0.9dtex或0.001dtex,使人工皮革基材含有氫氧化鋁作為第2金屬氫氧化物粒子,並使用脂肪酸酯及磷酸酯作為人工皮革基材所含有的塑化劑以外,係以與實施例1同樣的方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表1。
[比較例1]
除於實施例1中,藉由將高分子彈性體的分散液濃度變更為2.5質量%,而將人工皮革基材中的第1高分子彈性體的含有率變更為1質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例2]
除於實施例1中,藉由將高分子彈性體的分散液濃度變更為50質量%,而將人工皮革基材中的第1高分子彈性體的含有率變更為55質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例3]
除於實施例1中,將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的粒徑變更為15μm並進行含浸、乾燥以外,係以同樣方式得到人工皮革基材。進一步地,除了分別使用平均粒徑15μm
者作為摻混於樹脂層的第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例4]
除於實施例1中,將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的固體含量變更為12質量%並進行含浸、乾燥,並變更為以磷原子換算為2.0質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例5]
除於實施例1中,將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的固體含量變更為40質量%並進行含浸、乾燥,並變更為以磷原子換算為7.8質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例6]
除於實施例1中,將摻混於表面樹脂層的第2磷系阻燃劑粒子變更為30質量%、將第1金屬氫氧化物變更為8質量%,並以磷原子換算與羥基換算將總計變更為8.6質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例7]
除於實施例6中,將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的含有率變更為以磷原子換算為1.5質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
[比較例8]
除於實施例7中,將第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的含有率變更為以磷原子換算為1.5質量%以外,係以同樣方式得到粒面調人工皮革並進行評定。將結果示於表2。
參照表1及表2,實施例1~7中所得之人工皮革基材其抗彎曲度均為3.6mm以上,具有柔韌的質感,且扎實感或皺褶亦良好。進一步地,還可獲得自熄性良好,排煙量、燃燒放熱量亦少且兼備高水準阻燃性的粒面調人工皮革。另一方面,第1高分子彈性體較少的比較例1中所得之粒面調人工皮革,扎實感不足且皺褶亦不良。又,第1高分子彈性體偏多的比較例2中所得之粒面調人工皮革,質感不良,自熄性不足,排煙性、燃燒放熱量亦較多而阻燃性亦較低。又,阻燃劑粒子的平均粒徑較大之比較例3,燃燒試驗中的不均度較大且自熄性不足。又,人工皮革基材所含之第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的量較多之比較例5,抗彎曲度變低而呈現偏硬的質感。又,樹脂層中之阻燃劑粒子的量較多之比較例6,抗彎曲度變低而呈現偏硬的質感,且皺褶亦不良。此外,人工皮革基材所含之第1磷系阻燃劑粒子的量較少之比較例7及比較例8,自熄性顯著降低,且排煙性、燃燒放熱量亦較多而阻燃性較低。
本發明之粒面調人工皮革適合用於要求高水準阻燃性之航空器、船舶、鐵道等大眾運輸工具之內部裝潢材料、座椅,並適合用於飯店、百貨公司等公共建築物之內部裝潢材料、座椅,甚或鞋子、衣料、手套、
手提包、瓦楞紙、室內用品、車輛內裝用途等的內部裝潢材料等。
Claims (11)
- 一種粒面調人工皮革,其係包含人工皮革基材與積層於該人工皮革基材之至少一面的樹脂層之粒面調人工皮革,其特徵為:該人工皮革基材係含有:極細纖維之纖維纏結體、3~50質量%之第1高分子彈性體、以磷原子換算為2.5~6質量%之平均粒徑1~10μm的第1磷系阻燃劑粒子、與1~6質量%之塑化劑;且含有脂肪酸酯作為該塑化劑;該樹脂層係含有:第2高分子彈性體與阻燃劑粒子,其中該阻燃劑粒子以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為0~8質量%,該阻燃劑粒子係選自包含第2磷系阻燃劑粒子及第1金屬氫氧化物粒子之群組的至少1種且平均粒徑為1~10μm。
- 如請求項1之粒面調人工皮革,其中在該人工皮革基材中,含有作為該塑化劑之0.5~5質量%的該脂肪酸酯。
- 如請求項1之粒面調人工皮革,其中在該人工皮革基材中,進一步含有第2金屬氫氧化物粒子。
- 如請求項3之粒面調人工皮革,其中該人工皮革基材中所含有之該第1磷系阻燃劑粒子與該第2金屬氫氧化物粒子之以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為2~6質量%。
- 如請求項1之粒面調人工皮革,其中該樹脂層中所含 有之該阻燃劑粒子之以磷原子換算或羥基換算的總含有率為2~8質量%。
- 如請求項1、4或5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該第1磷系阻燃劑粒子或該第2磷系阻燃劑粒子係包含選自包含多磷酸鹽、有機磷酸金屬鹽、有機次膦酸金屬鹽、及有機膦酸金屬鹽之群組的至少1種。
- 如請求項3至5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該第1金屬氫氧化物粒子或該第2金屬氫氧化物粒子係包含選自包含氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂之群組的至少1種。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該第1高分子彈性體係含有60質量%以上之聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯,且為100%模數為0.5~5MPa的聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該第2高分子彈性體係含有60質量%以上之聚碳酸酯系聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該極細纖維的平均纖度為0.9dtex以下。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之粒面調人工皮革,其中該人工皮革基材中,該極細纖維為聚酯系纖維,且具有0.60~0.85g/cm3的表觀密度。
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