TWI721059B - 具有變動曲線的裝置之無段傳動裝置 - Google Patents

具有變動曲線的裝置之無段傳動裝置 Download PDF

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TWI721059B
TWI721059B TW105140205A TW105140205A TWI721059B TW I721059 B TWI721059 B TW I721059B TW 105140205 A TW105140205 A TW 105140205A TW 105140205 A TW105140205 A TW 105140205A TW I721059 B TWI721059 B TW I721059B
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sleeve
transmission device
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active
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TW201731724A (zh
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華特 瑪洛提
加科摩 弗雷斯契
保羅 內斯提
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義大利商比雅久股份有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
    • F16H55/563—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable actuated by centrifugal masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/125—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members characterised by means for controlling the geometrical interrelationship of pulleys and the endless flexible member, e.g. belt alignment or position of the resulting axial pulley force in the plane perpendicular to the pulley axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
    • F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/36—Pulleys
    • F16H55/49—Features essential to V-belts pulleys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一種無段傳動裝置(1)，用於二、三或四輪之摩托車，包括一凸輪系統(20、22、32a、32b)可操作於一固定套管(11)及一移動套管(9)之間，配置成可阻撓作用表面(8a、10a)之間的靠近，或可幫助作用表面(8a、10a)之間的靠近。

Description

具有變動曲線的裝置之無段傳動裝置
本發明係有關於一種傳動系統，特別係有關於一種用於摩托車之無段傳動系統，提供有具變動換檔曲線之裝置。
在本發明中，「摩托車」一詞是指具有二、三或四輪之車輛，樞轉(pivoting)或非樞轉(non pivoting)，例如申請人所銷售之Vespa®、Ape®或MP3®等車輛。
無段變速器(Continuously Variable Transmission,CVT)是一種車輛之自動傳動形式，其傳動比(transmission ratio)可在二極限值間連續地變換。無段傳動廣泛地使用於具小及中型引擎之二輪車輛中，特別如速克達(motor scooters)中。
在傳統無段變速器(CVT)中，傳動比的變化是透過改變二皮帶輪(pulley)上之皮帶(belt)之捲繞直徑(winding diameter)而實現，其中之一為驅動皮帶輪(drive pulley)，另一為從動皮帶輪(driven pulley)，且其中至少一個具有使所構成之二個部件或半皮帶輪(half-pulley)將彼此拉在一起(draw together)及相間隔(distance)的能力。
一般來說，驅動皮帶輪包括具離心塊(centrifugal messes)之速度調節器(speed regulator)，一般通稱為滾輪(roller)，其具有實現軸向拉引個別半皮帶輪之任務，從低速檔狀態(low gear condition)(半皮帶輪相間隔，half-pulley distant)到高速檔狀態(condition of high gear)(半皮帶輪並列，half-pulley juxtaposed)。
因此，在傳統無段變速器(CVT)中，一旦系統的物理及幾何特性被設定，傳動比則取決於引擎的轉速。
因此需要提供一種無段變速器(CVT)傳動系統，其可根據駕駛之加速或減速需求而修改換檔曲線。
換句話說，需要提供一種無段變速器(CVT)傳動系統，舉例來說，在從一定條件起始的例子下，駕駛突然地加速或減速時，適於適應此些要求，有助於車輛之加速或減速。
本發明的目的係提供一種傳動裝置，其滿足上述需求。
此目的可藉由申請專利範圍請求項1所述之一種傳動裝置而達成，附屬項則描述了實施例的變化。。
1‧‧‧無段傳動裝置(continuously variable transmission device)
2‧‧‧驅動軸(drive shaft)
4‧‧‧第一驅動皮帶輪(first drive pulley)
6‧‧‧V帶(V-belt)
8‧‧‧第一半皮帶輪(first half-pulley)
8a‧‧‧作用表面(active surface)
8b‧‧‧套管(bushing)
9‧‧‧移動套管(mobile bushing)
10‧‧‧第二半皮帶輪(secondt half-pulley)
10a‧‧‧作用表面(active surface)
11‧‧‧固定套管(fixed bushing)
12‧‧‧速度控制器(speed controller)
14‧‧‧容置部(container)
16‧‧‧成型座(shaped seat)
18‧‧‧滾輪(roller)
20‧‧‧銷(pin)
22‧‧‧第一凸輪外形(first cam profile)
24‧‧‧凸輪開口(cam opening)
26‧‧‧罩(hood)
28‧‧‧環狀側表面(annular side surface)
30‧‧‧圓柱形表面(circular cylindrical surface)
30a‧‧‧主動部(active portion)
30b‧‧‧制動部(braked portion)
32‧‧‧平坦部(flat portion)
32a‧‧‧驅動外形(drive profile)
32b‧‧‧從動外形(driven profile)
34‧‧‧弧形部(arched portion)
X‧‧‧旋轉軸
為使本發明之上述目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉較佳實施例並配合所附圖式做詳細說明。
第1圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之用於車輛之一傳動裝置之縱向剖面示意圖；第2圖係顯示第1圖之傳動裝置之剖面示意圖，其中移動套管的凸輪外形被特別顯示；第3圖係顯示依據本發明另一實施例之傳動裝置之縱向剖 面示意圖；第4圖係顯示第3圖之具有罩的銷與移動套管之凸輪外形相接觸之示意圖；第5圖係顯示第4圖之罩之平面圖；第6a至6d圖係顯示多個實施例之凸輪外形之示意圖；第7圖係顯示依據本發明另一實施例之傳動裝置之縱向剖面示意圖；第8圖係顯示第7圖之移動套管之相對穿透部份及傳動裝置之固定套管之示意圖；以及第9圖係顯示依據本發明之傳動裝置之無段變速器與一傳統無段變速器之驅動皮帶輪及從動皮帶輪的轉速圖。
請參見圖式，符號1代表無段傳動裝置(continuously variable transmission device)，配置成更好地應用於二/三輪摩托車中，與一驅動軸(drive shaft)2連結，其定義有一旋轉軸(axis of rotation)X。
傳動裝置1包括一第一驅動皮帶輪(first drive pulley)4由驅動軸2旋轉驅動以及一第二從動皮帶輪(second driven pulley)(圖上未顯示)，藉由一V帶(V-belt)6彼此連接。
驅動皮帶輪4由一第一半皮帶輪(first half-pulley)8及一第二半皮帶輪(secondt half-pulley)10所構成，分別提供有面對之截頭錐形(truncated-cone)作用表面(active surface)8a及作用表面(active surface)10a，沿上述旋轉軸X滑動，使作用表面8a及作用表面10a並列(juxtapose)及 相間隔(distance)，且在旋轉中彼此為一體。
第一半皮帶輪8特別包括一移動套管(mobile bushing)9，其承載作用表面8a且提供有套管(bushing)8b同軸於驅動軸2，以及一速度控制器(speed controller)12包括一容置部(container)14由移動套管9所支撐且提供有成型座(shaped seat)16，以及複數個滾輪(roller)18，圍繞於座16中。
滾輪實現了離心塊隨著引擎轉速增加推動第一半皮帶輪8，且特別是移動套管9，朝向第二半皮帶輪10。
依此方式之下，驅動皮帶輪4上皮帶6的捲繞直徑(winding diameter)增加，且不能拉伸(stretch)的皮帶操作以減少驅動皮帶輪上的捲繞直徑，以增加傳動比(高速下)。
驅動皮帶輪4更包括一固定套管(fixed bushing)11沿旋轉軸X具有一主要延伸部(main extension)，與驅動軸2同軸且與其旋轉連結，舉例來說透過一凹槽外形(grooved profile)。
移動套管9透過固定套管11於旋轉時可連結且相對其可軸向地移動，藉由相對之凸輪外形(cam profile)。
傳動裝置1包括一凸輪系統(cam system)，可操作於固定套管11及移動套管9之間，適於傳遞固定套管11及移動套管9之間的轉動，且配置成可阻止作用表面8a、10a之間的靠近或有利於其間的靠近。
舉例來說，依據本發明第一個實施例(如第1~4圖所示)，驅動皮帶輪4包括至少一銷(pin)20，例如為鋼製品(如第1及2圖所示)，連接至固定套管11且由此朝外徑向突出(projecting radially outwards)。
相應地，移動套管9具有一第一凸輪外形(first cam profile)22，例如由徑向穿過移動套管9之封閉周緣(closed peripheral edge)之凸輪開口(cam opening)24所構成。
依據一變化實施例(如第3及4圖所示)，銷20包括一罩(hood)26，例如為塑膠材質，舉例來說為自潤滑材(self-lubricating)(如TBD)，其覆蓋著頭部，因此可與移動套管9之凸輪外形22相接觸。
舉例來說，罩26提供有產生圓形外形之一環狀側表面(annular side surface)28，例如內接在假想之圓柱形表面(circular cylindrical surface)30中。更好的是，上述側表面28提供平坦部(flat portion)32由弧形部(arched portion)34所連接。
更有利的，罩的如此構造使得固定套管11至移動套管9之傳遞負載可最小化，反之亦然。
凸輪外形22為封閉的且具有一主動部(active portion)30a，當馬達軸2施加一主動扭矩(active torque)時(加速階段)，銷20抵頂於此，以及一制動部(braked portion)30b，當馬達軸2施加一制動扭矩(braked torque)時(減速階段)，銷20抵頂於此。
舉例來說，如第6a圖所示，當馬達軸2的旋轉方向以箭頭F表示時，在加速階段期間，銷20抵頂著凸輪外形22的主動部30a；反過來說，在減速階段期間，銷20抵頂著凸輪外形22的制動部30b。
依據一第一變化實施例，凸輪外形提供了一線性(linear)主動部30a及一線性(linear)制動部30b如同主動部30a(如第6a圖所示)。依據另一變化實施例，凸輪外形22提供 了一彎曲(curved)主動部30a及一彎曲(curved)制動部30b如同主動部30a(如第6b圖所示)。
依據另一變化實施例，凸輪外形一線性(linear)主動部30a及一線性(linear)制動部30b，不同的是，舉例來說從主動部30a是傾斜(inclination)的(如第6c圖所示)。依據又一變化實施例，凸輪外形22提供了一彎曲(curved)主動部30a及一彎曲(curved)制動部30b，不同的是，舉例來說從主動部30a是圖案化(pattern)的(如第6d圖所示)。
依據另一實施例(如第7及8圖所示)，固定套管11及移動套管9軸向地穿過(penetrate)彼此，且穿過的部份在固定套管11定義了一驅動外形(drive profile)32a及在該移動套管32b定義一從動外形(driven profile)32b。
在本實施例中，承載有作用表面8a之容置部14為在移動套管9上軸向地可移動。
在傳動裝置1一般操作時，在主動扭矩由馬達軸傳遞的例子中，駕駛從低速檔開始加速的情形下，凸輪系統阻止了第一半皮帶輪8之作用表面8a朝向第二半皮帶輪10之作用表面10a的前進，使得換檔被延遲(delayed)，且傳動裝置的行為比標準無段變速器(CVT)更為趨近運動模式(sporting)。
而與其在制動扭矩由馬達軸傳遞的情況下，舉例來說，就是在駕駛通過釋放節氣門(releasing the throttle)或煞車而減速的情形下，或車輛從高速檔開始下坡的情形下，凸輪系統有利於將第一半皮帶輪8之作用表面8a與第二半皮帶輪10之作用表面10a相間隔開，因此向下換檔且相較於標準無段變速器(CVT)更有利於強烈的減速。
創新之處在於，上述傳動裝置使滿足上述需求成為可能，由於其使得依駕駛所欲而加速或減速成為可能。
更有利的是，藉由合適地成型凸輪系統的外形，使得設計一傳動裝置對加速或減速或多或少突然的反應成為可能。
舉例來說，第9圖係顯示驅動皮帶輪及從動皮帶輪之引擎轉速，對比一傳統之無段變速器傳動系統及依據本發明之無段變速器傳動系統。後者明顯地顯示出一較大的滯後現象(hysteresis)。
依據另一個有助益的方面，利用一罩應用於適配之成型銷，使得限制在銷及移動套管之間的集中應力(stresses concentrated)成為可能。
更有利的是，如上述罩是以塑膠材質製成的，則使得消除銷及移動套管之間對潤滑的需要成為可能。
本發明雖以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明的範圍，任何熟習此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可做些許的更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
1‧‧‧無段傳動裝置(continuously variable transmission device)
2‧‧‧驅動軸(drive shaft)
4‧‧‧第一驅動皮帶輪(first drive pulley)
6‧‧‧V帶(V-belt)
8‧‧‧第一半皮帶輪(first half-pulley)
8a‧‧‧作用表面(active surface)
8b‧‧‧套管(bushing)
9‧‧‧移動套管(mobile bushing)
10‧‧‧第二半皮帶輪(secondt half-pulley)
10a‧‧‧作用表面(active surface)
11‧‧‧固定套管(fixed bushing)
12‧‧‧速度控制器(speed controller)
14‧‧‧容置部(container)
16‧‧‧成型座(shaped seat)
18‧‧‧滾輪(roller)
20‧‧‧銷(pin)
X‧‧‧旋轉軸

Claims (5)

  1. 一種無段傳動裝置(1)，用於二、三或四輪之摩托車，連接至一馬達軸(2)，包括：一驅動皮帶輪(4)，提供作用表面(8a、10a)用於一V帶(6)，裝設一移動套管(9)承載其中一該作用表面(8a)，該移動套管(9)在一速度調節器(12)之滾輪(18)作用下可軸向地滑動，以得到在低速檔及高速檔之間的換檔；一固定套管(11)，可固定且同軸於該馬達軸(2)；一凸輪系統(20、22、32a、32b)，可操作於該固定套管(11)及該移動套管(9)之間，適於傳遞該定套管(11)及該移動套管(9)之間的轉動，配置成避免該等作用表面(8a、10a)間的靠近，或有助於其間的靠近；其中，該凸輪系統包括至少一銷(20)，連接至該固定套管(11)且由此朝外徑向突出，以及該移動套管(9)之一第一凸輪外形(22)；其中，該凸輪外形(22)為封閉的且具有一主動部(30a)，當該馬達軸(2)施加一主動扭矩(加速階段)時該銷(20)抵頂於此，以及一制動部(30b)與該主動部(30a)相間隔，當該馬達軸(2)施加一制動扭矩(減速階段)時該銷(20)抵頂於此；其中，該主動部(30a)為線性及該制動部(30b)為線性但互不相同，如從該主動部(30a)為傾斜的；或該主動部(30a)為曲線及該制動部(30b)為曲線但互不相同，如從該主動部(30a)為傾斜的。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無段傳動裝置，其中，該第 一凸輪外形(22)由封閉周緣之一凸輪開口(24)徑向穿過該移動套管(9)所構成。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之無段傳動裝置，其中，該銷(20)包括一罩(26)，以塑膠材質製成，覆蓋著頭部，與該移動套管(9)之該凸輪外形(22)相接觸。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之無段傳動裝置，其中，該罩(26)提供一環狀側表面(28)以實現一圓形外形。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無段傳動裝置，其中，該固定套管(11)及該移動套管(9)軸向地穿過彼此，且穿過部份在該固定套管(11)定義該凸輪系統一驅動外形(32a)，以及在該移動套管(9)定義該凸輪系統一從動外形(32b)。
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