CN108603585B - 具有用于改变换挡曲线的装置的无级变速装置 - Google Patents

具有用于改变换挡曲线的装置的无级变速装置 Download PDF

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CN108603585B
CN108603585B CN201680071826.4A CN201680071826A CN108603585B CN 108603585 B CN108603585 B CN 108603585B CN 201680071826 A CN201680071826 A CN 201680071826A CN 108603585 B CN108603585 B CN 108603585B
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沃尔特·马里奥蒂
贾科莫·夫雷斯基
保罗·内斯迪
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
    • F16H55/563—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable actuated by centrifugal masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/125—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members characterised by means for controlling the geometrical interrelationship of pulleys and the endless flexible member, e.g. belt alignment or position of the resulting axial pulley force in the plane perpendicular to the pulley axis
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    • F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
    • F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
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    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
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    • F16H55/49—Features essential to V-belts pulleys
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members

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Abstract

一种用于两轮摩托车、三轮摩托车或四轮摩托车的无级变速装置(1)包括在固定衬套(11)与运动衬套(9)之间操作的凸轮系统(20、22；32a、32b)，该凸轮系统被配置成阻碍活动表面(8a、10a)之间的接近或促进活动表面之间的接近。

Description

具有用于改变换挡曲线的装置的无级变速装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速系统，特别是设置有用于改变换挡曲线的装置用于摩托车的无级变速系统。
背景技术
在本文件中，术语“摩托车”是指具有枢转或非枢转的两个、三个或四个车轮的车辆，诸如由本申请人销售的
Figure GDA0001688732510000011
车辆、
Figure GDA0001688732510000012
车辆或
Figure GDA0001688732510000013
车辆。
无级变速(CVT)是一种用于车辆的自动变速，其中传动比可以在两个极限值之间连续变化。连续变速广泛用于小型和中型发动机尺寸的两轮车辆，特别是小型摩托车。
在常规的CVT中，传动比的变化通过改变皮带在两个带轮上的卷绕直径而发生，所述两个带轮中的一个是驱动带轮而另一个是从动带轮，并且这些带轮中的至少一个具有将组成其的两个部分或半带轮拉在一起及使其远离的能力。
通常，驱动带轮包括制造有离心质量的速度调节器，其通常为“滚子”，其具有实现从低速挡状态(半带轮间隔开)到高速挡状态(半带轮并置)行进的各个半带轮一起轴向拉动的任务。
因此，在常规的CVT中，一旦系统的物理和几何特性被设定，传动比取决于发动机转数。
相反，需要提供一种CVT变速系统，其中可根据驾驶员的加速或减速要求来改变换挡曲线。
换句话说，需要提供一种CVT变速系统，其例如在从某一状态开始驾驶员突然加速或减速的情况下适于并适应这种要求，以便于车辆的加速或减速。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种满足上述需求的变速装置。
这种目的通过一种制造的变速装置来实现。该变速装置能连接到驱动轴，所述无级变速装置包括：驱动带轮，设置有用于V型皮带的活动表面，所述驱动带轮配备有承载所述活动表面中的一个活动表面的运动衬套，所述运动衬套在速度调节器的滚子的作用下能轴向滑动以获得低速挡与高速挡之间的换挡；固定衬套，能固定到所述驱动轴并与所述驱动轴同轴；凸轮系统，在所述固定衬套与所述运动衬套之间操作，所述凸轮系统适于传递所述固定衬套与所述运动衬套之间的旋转，所述凸轮系统被配置成阻碍所述活动表面之间的接近或者促进所述活动表面之间的接近。
附图说明
根据附图，通过非限制性示例在下面给出的描述使根据本发明的变速装置的特征和优点将变得明显，附图中：
-图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的用于车辆的变速装置的纵截面；
-图2表示图1中的变速装置的截面，其中，运动衬套的凸轮轮廓被突出显示；
-图3示出了根据另一实施例的根据本发明的变速装置的纵截面；
-图4示意性地示出了具有与图3中的装置的运动衬套的凸轮轮廓接触的罩的销；
-图5示出了图4中的罩的平面图；
-图6a至图6d示出了凸轮轮廓的实施例变体；
-图7示出了根据又一个实施例的根据本发明的变速装置的纵截面；
-图8示意性地示出了图7中的变速装置的运动衬套和固定衬套的相互穿透部分；以及
-图9示出了表示常规CVT变速系统和根据本发明的CVT变速系统中的驱动带轮和从动带轮的转数的曲线图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，附图标记1总体上表示无级变速装置，该无级变速装置被配置成优选地应用于与限定旋转轴线X的驱动轴2接合的两轮/三轮摩托车。
变速装置(transmission device，传动装置)1包括由驱动轴2旋转驱动的第一驱动带轮4和通过V形皮带6彼此连接的第二从动带轮(未示出)。
驱动带轮4包括分别设置有面对的截锥形活动表面8a、10a的第一半带轮8和第二半带轮10，第一半带轮和第二半带轮沿着所述旋转轴线X滑动以便使活动表面8a，10a并置以及间隔开，并且旋转地彼此成一体。
第一半带轮8特别地包括：运动衬套9，该运动衬套承载活动表面8a并且提供与马达轴2同轴的衬套8b；以及速度控制器12，该速度控制器包括由运动衬套支撑的并且设置有成形底座16的容器14以及容纳在底座16中的多个滚子18。
滚子实现离心质量，随着发动机转数增加，该离心质量将第一半带轮8并且特别地将运动衬套9推向第二半带轮10。
这样，驱动带轮4上的皮带6的卷绕直径增大，并且不能拉伸的皮带操作成减小从动带轮上的卷绕直径，从而增加传动比(高速挡)。
驱动带轮4还包括固定衬套11，该固定衬套具有沿着旋转轴线X的主延伸部，与马达轴2同轴并且例如经由凹槽轮廓与其旋转地耦接。
运动衬套9通过固定衬套11旋转地可接合，并且通过相应的凸轮轮廓的接合而相对于其可轴向平移。
变速装置1包括凸轮系统，该凸轮系统在固定衬套11与运动衬套9之间操作，适于传递固定衬套11和运动衬套9之间的旋转，并且被配置成防止活动表面8a、10a之间的接近或促进它们之间的接近。
例如，根据第一实施例(图1至图4)，驱动带轮4包括至少一个销20，该销例如由钢制成(图1和图2)，该销固定到固定衬套11并从其径向向外突出。
相应地，运动衬套9具有第一凸轮轮廓22，其例如由径向穿过运动衬套9的凸轮开口24的闭合周边边缘构成。
根据一个实施例变体(图3和图4)，销20包括覆盖头部的罩26，该罩例如以塑料材料制成，例如为自润滑的(例如TBD)，以便与运动衬套9的凸轮轮廓22接触。
例如，罩26设置有环形侧表面28，其产生圆形轮廓，例如内切假想的圆柱形表面30。优选地，所述侧表面28提供由弓形部分34连接的平坦部分32。
有利地，罩的这种构造使得能够使由固定衬套11传递到运动衬套9并且反之亦然的负载最小化。
凸轮轮廓22是闭合的并且具有活动部分30a和制动部分30b，当马达轴2施加活动扭矩(加速阶段)时销20邻接抵靠该活动部分，并且当马达轴2施加制动扭矩(减速阶段)时销20邻接抵靠该制动部分。
例如，在图6a中，如果马达轴2的旋转方向由箭头F表示，则在加速阶段期间，销20邻接轮廓22的活动部分30a；相反，在减速阶段期间，销20邻接轮廓22的制动部分30b。
根据第一实施例变体，凸轮轮廓提供线性的活动部分30a和与活动部分30a相同的线性的制动部分30b(图6a)；根据另一实施例变体，凸轮轮廓22提供曲线的活动部分30a和与活动部分30a相同的曲线的制动部分30b(图6b)。
根据另一实施例变体，凸轮轮廓提供线性的活动部分30a和与活动部分30a不同的(例如在倾斜度方面)线性的制动部分30b(图6c)；根据又一实施变体，凸轮轮廓22提供曲线的活动部分30a和与活动部分30a不同的(例如在图案方面)曲线的制动部分30b(图6d)。
根据另一实施例(图7和图8)，固定衬套11和运动衬套9彼此轴向穿透，并且穿透部分限定固定衬套11上的驱动轮廓32a和运动衬套32b上的从动轮廓32b。
在该实施例中，承载活动表面8a的容器14在运动衬套9上可轴向移动。
在变速装置1的正常操作期间，在由马达轴传递的活动扭矩的情况下，在驾驶员从低速挡开始加速的情况下，凸轮系统对抗第一半带轮8的活动表面8a朝向第二半带轮10的活动表面10a的前进，使得换挡被延迟并且变速装置的行为比标准CVT更具运动性。
在不是由马达轴传递的制动扭矩的情况下，例如在驾驶员通过释放节气门或制动而减速的情况下，或者在车辆从高速挡开始下坡移动的情况下，凸轮系统促进使第一半带轮8的活动表面8a与第二半带轮10的活动表面10a间隔开，使得与标准CVT相比促进降档并因此促进更明显的减速。
创新地，上述变速装置能够满足上述需要，这是因为它能够适应驾驶员对于加速或减速的期望。
此外有利地，通过适当地成形凸轮系统的轮廓，能够设计出或多或少突然响应于加速或减速的变速装置。
例如，图9示出了用于常规CVT变速系统和用于根据本发明的CVT变速系统的驱动带轮和从动带轮的发动机转数。后者清楚地显示出更大的滞后性。
根据另一有利的方面，使用应用于适当形状的销的罩，能够限制集中在销与运动衬套之间的应力。
此外，有利地，如果所述罩由塑料材料制成，则能够消除对于销与运动衬套之间的润滑的需求。
很明显，本领域技术人员可以对上述变速装置进行修改以满足可能性要求，所有这些都包含在由所附权利要求限定的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.用于两轮摩托车、三轮摩托车或四轮摩托车的无级变速装置(1)，能连接到驱动轴(2)，所述无级变速装置包括：
-驱动带轮(4)，设置有用于V型皮带(6)的活动表面(8a、10a)，所述驱动带轮配备有承载所述活动表面中的一个活动表面(8a)的运动衬套(9)，所述运动衬套(9)在速度调节器(12)的滚子(18)的作用下能轴向滑动以获得低速挡与高速挡之间的换挡；
-固定衬套(11)，能固定到所述驱动轴(2)并与所述驱动轴同轴；
-凸轮系统，在所述固定衬套(11)与所述运动衬套(9)之间操作，所述凸轮系统适于传递所述固定衬套(11)与所述运动衬套(9)之间的旋转，所述凸轮系统被配置成阻碍所述活动表面(8a、10a)之间的接近或者促进所述活动表面之间的接近，
其中，所述凸轮系统包括：至少一个销(20)，所述销固定到所述固定衬套(11)并且从所述固定衬套径向向外突出；以及所述运动衬套(9)的第一凸轮轮廓(22)，
其中，所述第一凸轮轮廓(22)是闭合的并且具有活动部分(30a)和与所述活动部分(30a)不同的制动部分(30b)，当在加速阶段期间所述驱动轴(2)施加活动扭矩时所述销(20)邻接抵靠所述活动部分，并且当在减速阶段期间所述驱动轴(2)施加制动扭矩时所述销(20)邻接抵靠所述制动部分，
其特征在于，所述活动部分(30a)是线性的，并且所述制动部分(30b)是线性的且在倾斜度方面与所述活动部分(30a)不同，或者
所述活动部分(30a)是曲线的，并且所述制动部分(30b)是曲线的且在图案方面与所述活动部分(30a)不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速装置，其中，所述第一凸轮轮廓(22)由径向穿过所述运动衬套(9)的凸轮开口(24)的闭合周边边缘构成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无级变速装置，其中，所述销(20)包括覆盖头部的由塑料材料制成的罩(26)，以便与所述运动衬套(9)的所述第一凸轮轮廓(22)接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无级变速装置，其中，所述罩(26)设置有实现圆形轮廓的环形侧表面(28)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速装置，其中，所述固定衬套(11)和所述运动衬套(9)彼此轴向穿透，并且穿透部分限定所述凸轮系统的在所述固定衬套(11)上的驱动轮廓(32a)和所述凸轮系统的在所述运动衬套(9)上的从动轮廓(32b)。
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