TWI550053B - 導電性組成物 - Google Patents
導電性組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI550053B TWI550053B TW101106669A TW101106669A TWI550053B TW I550053 B TWI550053 B TW I550053B TW 101106669 A TW101106669 A TW 101106669A TW 101106669 A TW101106669 A TW 101106669A TW I550053 B TWI550053 B TW I550053B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- component
- conductive composition
- resin
- coated
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/52—Mounting semiconductor bodies in containers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Die Bonding (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於有用於作為形成回路圖案或晶片接合劑(die bonding agent)之導電性組成物。
於行動電話、個人電腦、車用電子零件等領域,係使用導電性組成物作為形成回路圖案、或是接合IC、LSI等半導體元件與導線架(lead frame)或基板之接合材料。例如導電回路,係藉由網板印刷(screen printing)等將導電性組成物塗佈於基板上後,使其熱硬化即可形成。此外,半導體元件與導線架或基板之接合,係可藉由於導線架或基板之預定部位塗佈導電性組成物後設置(mount)半導體元件,並使該導電性組成物熱硬化而進行。
一般而言,導電性組成物係藉由調配銀粒子而表現導電性者,惟近年來正尋求一種導電性組成物,其係調配價格更為低廉的鎳粒子或銀鍍覆粒子,且可以得到接著性或導電性方面為良好的硬化膜者。回應此需求,係提案有包含銀被覆粒子之導電性組成物(參照專利文獻1至3)。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2009-256539號公報[專利文獻2]日本特開2006-260818號公報[專利文獻3]日本特開2007-242397號公報
然而,專利文獻1之導電性組成物需使用包含鈦及/或鋯的有機金屬錯合物,而屬無法充分地達到降低成本者。此外,由於專利文獻2及3之導電性組成物係使用分子量3000以上之所謂熱可塑性樹脂的聚酯樹脂/或改質聚酯樹脂,會在高溫時(260℃)軟化,故接著強度大為降低,而變得難以保持吸濕後回焊之可靠度。此外,由於係使用平均粒徑/厚度為2以上且鱗片化度高之片狀粉(flaky powder),因此當使用在晶片(chip)與基板之接合時,重疊數片片狀體可上下導通,而接觸電阻會變高;此外,由於與銀不同的核材周圍會有電氣流通,故導致導通路徑長,上下導通的總電阻值變高。此外,若平均粒徑/厚度為2以上,則鱗片化度高之片狀粉的比表面積大,變得需要提高銀之塗覆率以均勻地被覆銀,而導致無法如預期有效地降低成本。
本發明係有鑑於上述情形所成者,目的在於提供一種導電性組成物,其係降低成本,且表現令人滿意的良好接著性及導電性兩者。
本發明者等經不斷精心研究,發現藉由在導電性組成物中調配選自銀被覆陶瓷粒子、銀被覆玻璃粒子、及銀被覆鋁粒子所成組群,且具有特定形狀之片狀銀被覆粒子,即可使其成為就接著性及導電性之點而言為充分之硬化膜,遂完成本發明。由於本發明係使用價格為相對低廉的銀被覆粒子,故同時亦可期盼降低成本。
亦即,本發明係關於一種導電性組成物,包含:(A)片狀銀被覆粒子,其係選自銀被覆陶瓷粒子、銀被覆玻璃粒子及銀被覆鋁粒子所成組群,且藉由雷射光散射法所測定之體積平均粒徑D50為1至10μm,藉由掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察所測定之平均厚度T為0.3至10μm,縱橫比(aspect ratio)T/D50為0.3至1.0者(B)熱硬化性樹脂、以及(C)硬化劑。
依據本發明可提供一種導電性組成物,其係降低成本,且表現令人滿意的良好接著性及導電性兩者。
本發明之導電性組成物包含:(A)片狀銀被覆粒子,其係選自銀被覆陶瓷粒子、銀被覆玻璃粒子及銀被覆鋁粒子所成群中,且藉由雷射光散射法所測定之體積平均粒徑D50為1至10μm,藉由掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察所測定之平均厚度T為0.3至10μm,縱橫比T/D50為0.3至1.0者。(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子係可單獨使用或併用複數種。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子之核,係包含陶瓷、玻璃或鋁。作為陶瓷,可列舉如氧化鋁、碳化矽、氮化矽、鈦酸鋇、氮化硼、氧化磁鐵(Ferrite)、滑石(steatite)、氧化鋅、氧化鋯(zirconia),從取得之自由度、粒徑或形狀的控制之自由度、成本之觀點來看,特佳為氧化鋁。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子,係藉由雷射光散射法測
定之體積平均粒徑D50為1至10μm者。若D50於該範圍,則導電性組成物之作業性佳,例如,使用內徑100至200μm的噴嘴進行分配(dispense)時,不會發生噴嘴的堵塞,而可連續吐出。此外,於半導體晶片與基板之接合時,大多係將導電性組成物之膜厚設定為20至30μm,可避免因存在(A)成分使膜厚變厚而發生晶片的傾斜。D50,係將銀被覆粒子以微量刮杓(microspatula)採取2杓至300ml燒杯,加入0.5%磺基琥珀酸鈉二辛酯溶液50ml,並以超音波均質機進行分散10分鐘,而以光散射解析型粒度分布測定裝置(Coulter LS230(Beckman Coulter製)進行測定。將50%之累計粒徑之平均值設為D50。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子之D50為1至10μm,較佳為3至8μm。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子,係藉由掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察測定之平均厚度T為0.3至10μm者。T若於該範圍,則導電性組成物之作業性佳;此外,於接合半導體晶片與基板時,亦可避免因(A)成分使晶片傾斜而發生的不良情況。平均厚度,係量取銀被覆粒子2g、環氧樹脂(Epoxy Resin20-8130-032(BUEHLER製))5g、與環氧樹脂硬化劑(EPOXY HARDENER20-8132-008(BUEHLER製))1g至直徑25mm的透明杯(clear cup),使用刮鏟充分混合,於室溫靜置12小時後,將已硬化的樹脂自透明杯取出,並以切片機(microtome)進行表面加工,碳蒸鍍後,以場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(JEOL製JSM-7500F)拍攝倍率為1000倍或2000
倍之相片,測定通過中心之最短邊的銀被覆厚度,並將所測定之個數50個之平均值設為平均厚度T。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子之T為0.3至10μm,較佳為1至8μm。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子係縱橫比T/D50為0.3至1.0者。縱橫比T/D50若於該範圍,則於接合半導體晶片與基板時,較鱗片化度高者(亦即,T/D50未達0.3者)可以存在數較少之銀被覆粒子進行上下導通,藉此可減低銀被覆粒子彼此之接觸電阻。此外,由於鱗片化度高者之核材料周圍會有電氣流通而導通路徑為長,相對於此,本發明之銀被覆微粒子係以較短導通路徑完成,故可減低上下導通之電阻值。此外,較之鱗片化度高者,可預期其予以分佈(share)時之流動性和分配之吐出性係提升,而亦可預期作業性的提升。T/D50較佳為0.3至1.0,更佳為0.4至1.0。
從作業性(特別是對分配時的噴嘴堵塞之抑制)及防止接合半導體晶片與基板時的晶片傾斜之觀點來看,(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子之最大粒徑較佳為40μm以下。最大粒徑係以光散射解析型粒度分布測定裝置所測定之值。最大粒徑更佳為35μm以下,又更佳為30μm以下。
從對核材之銀被覆率與導電性之觀點來看,(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子係在銀被覆粒子的總重量之中,銀被覆層較佳為10至60質量%,更佳為20至50質量%,又更佳為20至40質量%。銀被覆層之重量,係可由銀被覆粒
子的重量、與將銀被覆層溶解於硝酸並去除銀所測定的核材重量而算出。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子較佳為均勻地具備銀被覆層,從銀被覆層變厚,粒子全體之比重以及導電性組成物之比重會變大,而藉由使塗佈相同重量導電性組成物時的體積減少以避免效率降低,且得到安定的導電性之觀點來看,銀被覆層之厚度較佳為50至300nm。銀被覆層之厚度更佳為50至200nm,又更佳為為80至200nm,特佳為80至150nm。製作銀被覆層的厚度與平均厚度T相同的試樣,而可以場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(JEOL製JSM-7500F)以10000倍至30000倍之倍率進行測定。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子,係對作為核之陶瓷、玻璃、鋁粒子藉由無電解鍍覆、濺鍍、蒸鍍等方法進行被覆銀而可得到。
(A)成分之片狀銀被覆粒子,就進行膏體(paste)化時的安定性之點而言,較佳為經脂肪酸或其鹽、或是偶合劑進行表面處理者。
脂肪酸可列舉如丙酸、辛酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、軟脂酸、硬脂酸、山萮酸、丙烯酸、油酸、亞麻仁油酸、花生酸(arachidonic acid)等,從與環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂、異氰酸酯樹脂、馬來醯亞胺樹脂之相溶性、浸透性、對樹脂之反應性之觀點來看,較佳為油酸、硬脂酸。作為脂肪酸鹽,可列舉如上述脂肪酸之鋰、鈉、鉀、鋇、鎂、鈣、鋁、鐵、鈷、錳、鉛、鋅、錫、鍶、鋯、銀、
銅等金屬鹽;從與環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂、異氰酸酯樹脂、馬來醯亞胺樹脂之相溶性、浸透性、對樹脂之反應性之觀點來看,較佳為鈉鹽。
藉由脂肪酸或脂肪酸鹽之表面處理方法,可列舉:視情形於經加溫之醇中溶解脂肪酸或脂肪酸鹽,並於其中添加銀被覆粒子,進行一定時間攪拌以處理之方法。
偶合劑可列舉如矽烷偶合劑、鈦酸酯(titanate)系偶合劑、鋁系偶合劑等,從與環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂、異氰酸酯樹脂、馬來醯亞胺樹脂之相溶性、浸透性、對樹脂之反應性之觀點來看,較佳為矽烷偶合劑、鈦酸酯系偶合劑。
藉由偶合劑之表面處理方法,可列舉:將銀被覆粒子於磨碎機(attritor)進行攪拌時,進行噴霧處理之方法;使偶合劑溶解於醇中,並於其中添加銀被覆粒子進行攪拌處理之方法。
本發明之導電性組成物係包含(B)熱硬化性樹脂。(B)成分之熱硬化性樹脂並無特別限定,可列舉例如:環氧樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚矽氧(silicone)樹脂、胺酯(urethane)樹脂、馬來醯亞胺樹脂等。熱硬化性樹脂可單獨使用或併用複數種。
就晶片接合劑所尋求之接著性、硬化性、耐熱性之點而言,(B)成分之熱硬化性樹脂較佳為環氧樹脂。環氧樹脂較佳為於常溫係液狀者,惟即使於常溫為固體者,亦可藉由其他的液狀環氧樹脂或稀釋劑進行稀釋,而以液狀使用。
作為環氧樹脂,具體而言,可例示如雙酚A型環氧樹脂、溴化雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、酚醛清漆(novolac)型環氧樹脂、脂環式環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、醚系或聚醚系環氧樹脂(例如,聚氧伸丙基雙酚A二縮水甘油醚類聚氧伸丙基改質環氧樹脂)、含環氧乙烷環(oxirane ring)之聚丁二烯、二聚酸(dimer acid)以表氯醇(epichlorohydrin)改質之二縮水甘油酯化改質物、具有環氧基之聚丁二烯化合物、聚矽氧環氧共聚物樹脂、胺基酚(aminophenol)型環氧樹脂(例如,N,N-雙(2,3-環氧丙基)-4-(2,3-環氧丙基氧基)苯胺)等。
特別是作為液狀之環氧樹脂,可例示如:雙酚A型環氧樹脂之平均分子量為約400以下者;對縮水甘油氧基苯基二甲基參雙酚A二縮水甘油醚之分岐狀多官能雙酚A型環氧樹脂;雙酚F型環氧樹脂;酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂之平均分子量為約570以下者;乙烯(3,4-環己烯)二氧化物、3,4-環氧基環己基羧酸(3,4-環氧基環己基)甲基、已二酸雙(3,4-環氧基-6-甲基環己基甲基)、2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)5,1-螺(3,4-環氧基環己基)-間二烷類脂環式環氧樹脂;3,3’,5,5’-四甲基-4,4’-二縮水甘油氧基聯苯類聯苯型環氧樹脂;六氫酞酸二縮水甘油酯、3-甲基六氫酞酸二縮水甘油酯、六氫對酞酸二縮水甘油新癸酸縮水甘油酯類縮水甘油酯型環氧樹脂;二縮水甘油基苯胺、二縮水甘油甲苯胺、三縮水甘油基-對胺基酚、四縮水甘油-間二甲苯二胺、四縮水甘油雙(胺基甲基)環己烷類縮水甘油
胺型環氧樹脂;以及1,3-二縮水甘油-5-甲基-5-乙基尿囊素(Hydantoin)類尿囊素類環氧樹脂;含萘環之環氧樹脂。此外,亦可使用1,3-雙(3-縮水縮水甘油氧基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷矽氧烷類具有聚矽氧骨架之環氧樹脂。此外,亦可例示如(聚)乙二醇二縮水甘油醚、(聚)丙二醇二縮水甘油醚、丁二醇縮水甘油醚、新戊二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,4-環已烷二甲醇二縮水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二縮水甘油醚、對第三丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、二環戊二烯二甲醇二縮水甘油醚、三羥甲基丙烷之縮水甘油醚、聚四亞甲基醚二醇之二縮水甘油醚、二聚酸二縮水甘油醚與聚丙二醇之二縮水甘油醚、丙三醇(glycerin)二縮水甘油醚、新戊二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,4-苯基二甲醇二縮水甘油醚之二環氧化化合物;如三羥甲基丙烷三縮水甘油醚、丙三醇三縮水甘油醚之三環氧化化合物等。
環氧樹脂,亦可併用常溫為固體以及為超高黏性的環氧樹脂,作為此種環氧樹脂,可例示如高分子量之雙酚A型環氧樹脂、酚醛清漆環氧樹脂、四溴雙酚A型環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯型環氧樹脂、異氰酸酯改質環氧樹脂、茀型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基環氧樹脂等。該等係可與於常溫為液體之環氧樹脂及/或稀釋劑組合,使用於調節流動性。
當使用常溫為固體以及為超高黏性之環氧樹脂時,低黏度之環氧樹脂,例如,(聚)乙二醇二縮水甘油醚、(聚)丙二醇二縮水甘油醚、丁二醇縮水甘油醚、新戊二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,4-環已烷二甲醇二縮水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇
二縮水甘油醚、對第三丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、二環戊二烯二甲醇二縮水甘油醚、三羥甲基丙烷之縮水甘油醚、聚四亞甲基醚二醇之二縮水甘油醚、二聚酸二縮水甘油醚與聚丙二醇之二縮水甘油醚、丙三醇二縮水甘油醚、新戊二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,4-苯基二甲醇二縮水甘油醚類二環氧化化合物;較佳為與三羥甲基丙烷三縮水甘油醚、丙三醇三縮水甘油醚類三環氧化化合物等組合者。
作為丙烯酸系樹脂,可列舉新戊二醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、1,9-壬二醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、二羥甲基-三環癸烷二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-羥基-3-丙烯醯氧基丙基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、羥基三甲基乙酸新戊二醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基磷酸酯、2-羥基乙基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-羥基丙基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-羥基丁基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-甲基丙烯醯基氧基乙基-琥珀酸、丙三醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-甲基丙烯醯基氧基乙基-酞酸、γ-丁內酯(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-甲基-2-金剛烷基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、2-乙基-2-金剛烷基(甲基丙烯酸)酯、乙氧化環己烷二甲醇二(甲基丙烯酸)酯或該等之丙烯酸酯,1,4-環己烷二甲醇單丙烯酸酯、甲氧基二丙二醇丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇丙烯酸安息香酸酯、雙酚A之環氧丙烷改質二丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯等。
作為聚矽氧樹脂,可列舉:環氧基改質聚矽氧烷、脂環式環氧基改質聚矽氧烷、甲醇(carbinol)改質聚矽氧
烷、羧基改質聚矽氧烷、單胺改質聚矽氧烷、二胺改質聚矽氧烷、氫改質聚矽氧烷、巰基改質聚矽氧烷、甲基丙烯酸改質聚矽氧烷、二醇改質聚矽氧烷。
作為胺酯(urethane)樹脂,可列舉:將異氰酸酯樹脂、異氰酸酯基以ε己內醯胺等進行封端(block)之異氰酸酯樹脂;環氧基改質胺酯樹脂、甲基丙烯酸酯改質胺酯樹脂、丙烯酸酯改質胺酯樹脂。
作為馬來醯亞胺樹脂,可列舉:雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂(4,4’-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、間伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、雙酚A型二苯基醚雙馬來醯亞胺、3,3’-二甲基-5,5’-二乙基4,4’-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、1,6-雙馬來醯亞胺-(2,2,4-三甲基)己烷)、單馬來醯亞胺樹脂(N-苯基馬來醯亞胺、N-環己基馬來醯亞胺、鄰甲基苯基馬來醯亞胺、對羥基苯基馬來醯亞胺、對羧基苯基馬來醯亞胺、N-十二基馬來醯亞胺)。
本發明之導電性組成物係包含(C)硬化劑。硬化劑係依與熱硬化性樹脂之組合而可適宜地進行選擇,可列舉例如:酚樹脂、胺系化合物、酸酐、過氧化物、金屬錯合物、偶氮化合物等。硬化劑係可單獨使用或併用複數種。
作為酚樹脂,可列舉:雙酚F型酚樹脂、烯丙基酚樹脂、酚酚醛清漆(Phenol novolac)樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆(Cresol novolak)樹脂、萘酚(Naphthol)改質酚樹脂、二環戊二烯改質酚樹脂、對二甲苯改質酚樹脂等。
作為胺系化合物,可列舉:脂肪族多元胺、芳香族胺、
改質多元胺(例如,聚胺基醯胺、聚胺基醯亞胺、聚胺基酯、聚胺基尿素、聚醚改質胺等)、第三級胺化合物、咪唑化合物(例如,2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥基甲基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、2,2-二胺基-6-[2’-甲基咪唑基-(1’)]-乙基-均三等)、醯肼化合物、二氰醯胺化合物、三聚氰胺(melamine)化合物等。
作為酸酐,可列舉如:甲基四氫酞酸酐、甲基六氫酞酸酐、烷化四氫酞酸酐、六氫酞酸酐、甲基腐植酸酐、經烯基取代之琥珀酸酐、甲基納迪克酸酐(methyl nadic anhydride)、戊二酸酐(glutaric anhydride)等。其中,2,4-二乙基戊二酸酐(2,4-diethyl pentanedioic acid anhydride)、3,4-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-1,2,3,6-四氫酞酸酐、1-異丙基-4-甲基-雙環[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、降莰烷-2,3-二羧酸酐、甲基降莰烷-2,3-二羧酸酐、氫化甲基納迪克酸酐、經烯基取代之琥珀酸酐、二乙基戊二酸酐。
作為過氧化物,可列舉:過氧化2-乙基己酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸第三丁酯、過氧化新癸酸第三丁酯、過氧化新癸酸異丙苯酯、過氧化新癸酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸第三丁酯、二異丙苯基過氧化物、二-第三丁基過氧化物、二-第三己基過氧化物、二(2-第三丁基過氧化異丙基)苯、2,2-二(4,4-二-(丁基過氧化)環己基)丙烷、對薄荷烷過氧化氫(p-Menthane Hydroperoxide)、
二異丙基苯過氧化氫、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基過氧化氫、異丙苯過氧化氫、1,1-二(第三丁基過氧化)環己烷、環己酮過氧化物、1,1-二(第三己基過氧化)環己烷。
作為金屬錯合物,可列舉:烷基乙醯乙酸酯二異丙醇鋁、參(乙醯丙酮)鋁、丙烯酸鋁、雙乙基乙醯乙酸酯二異丙醇鋁、2-乙基己烷酸鎂。
作為偶氮化合物,可列舉:2,2’-偶氮雙(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、1,1’-偶氮雙(環己烷-1-甲腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙{2-甲基-N-[2-(1-羥基丁基)]丙醯胺}、2,2’-偶氮雙[2-甲基-N-(2-羥基乙基)丙醯胺]、2,2’-偶氮雙[N-(2-丙烯基)-2-甲基丙醯胺]、2,2’-偶氮雙(N-環己基-2-甲基丙醯胺、2,2’-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷。
將導電性組成物作為晶片接合劑使用時,係期望抑制溢漏(bleed)、高溫強度良好或抑制吸濕後之高溫強度降低、以及低吸水率。其中,溢漏的發生可能會引發塑模劑(molding agent)與導線架的剝離,就封裝的可靠度之點而言,係屬重要。從此等觀點來看,較佳係以環氧樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂作為(B)成分,且以酚樹脂、胺系化合物、過氧化物作為(C)成分之組合。
若將(A)成分、(B)成分及(C)成分該等之總計設為100質量份時,就導電性與彈性模數之點而言,(A)成分較佳為40至80質量份,更佳為50至75質量份,又更佳為50至65質量份。就分配時之流動性或溢漏、接著強度、吸水率
之點而言,(B)成分較佳為10至58質量份,更佳為22至42質量份。就孔洞(void)、溢漏、硬化性、接著強度之點而言,(C)成分較佳為2至10質量份,更佳為3至8質量份。
本發明之導電性組成物中,亦可調配(A)成分以外的導電粒子。全部導電粒子((A)成分之銀被覆粒子及(A)成分以外之導電粒子)中,(A)成分以外之導電粒子,較佳係總計為50質量%以下,更佳為30質量%以下,最佳係僅使用(A)成分之銀被覆粒子作為導電粒子。作為(A)成分以外之導電粒子,可使用球狀的銀被覆陶瓷粒子、銀被覆玻璃粒子、銀被覆鋁粒子。球狀的銀被覆粒子之核,較佳為陶瓷、玻璃或鋁所成者。作為陶瓷,可列舉:氧化鋁、碳化矽、氮化矽、鈦酸鋇、氮化硼、氧化磁鐵、滑石、氧化鋅、氧化鋯,就取得之自由度、粒徑或形狀的控制之自由度、成本之觀點而言,特佳為氧化鋁。球狀的銀被覆粒子藉由雷射光散射法所測定之體積平均粒徑D50,較佳為1至20μm者,更佳為2至15μm者。就球狀的銀被覆粒子對核材之銀被覆率與導電性之觀點而言,於球狀之銀被覆粒子的總重量中,銀被覆層較佳為10至50質量%,更佳為15至40質量%。球狀的銀被覆粒子係以具備均勻的銀被覆層為佳,厚度係就避免因為銀被覆層變厚而粒子全體之比重、以及導電性組成物之比重變大,故藉由減少以相同重量塗佈導電性組成物時之體積,而避免效率降低,且得到安定的導電性之觀點而言,較佳為50至300nm。銀被覆層
之厚度更佳為50至200nm,又更佳為為70至150nm。
作為(A)成分以外之導電粒子,亦可使用銀粒子、銅粒子、鎳粒子、鈀粒子、銦粒子、錫粒子、鋅粒子、鉍粒子或該等之合金。形狀並無特別限定。
本發明之導電性組成物中亦可調配溶劑。溶劑並無特別限定,可列舉例如:乙二醇、丙二醇、二氫萜品醇(dihydroterpineol)等醇系溶劑;甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、二乙基苯、異丙基苯、戊基苯、對異丙基甲苯(p-cymene)、四氫萘(tetralin)及石油系芳香族烴混合物等芳香族烴系溶劑;萜品醇、沈香醇(linalool)、香葉醇(geraniol)、香茅醇(citronellol)等萜烯醇(terpene alcohol);乙二醇單乙基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單-正丁基醚、丙二醇單-第三丁基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二乙二醇單丁基醚、二丙二醇單甲基醚、二丙二醇單丁基醚、三丙二醇單甲基醚等醚醇系溶劑;甲基異丁基酮等酮系溶劑;以及乙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯等酯系溶劑、水等。溶劑係可單獨使用或併用複數種。
此外,可於不損及本發明之預定效果之範圍,在本發明之導電性組成物中調配無機填充劑(例如,燻矽(fumed silica)、碳酸鈣、滑石等)、偶合劑(例如,γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等矽烷偶合劑;四辛基雙(二(十三基)亞磷酸鹽)鈦酸酯等鈦酸酯偶合劑等)、矽烷單體(例
如,參(3-(三甲氧基矽基)丙基)異三聚氰酸酯)、可塑劑(例如,羧基末端聚丁二烯-丙烯腈等之共聚物;聚矽氧橡膠、聚矽氧橡膠粉、聚矽氧樹脂粉、丙烯酸系樹脂粉等樹脂粉)、難燃劑、抗氧化劑、消泡劑等。
本發明之導電性組成物,係可將(A)成分、(B)成分及(C)成分、以及視情形使用之溶劑等任意成分,藉由例如使用3軸輥或自轉式攪拌機(Planetary Mixer)、擂潰機進行混合,而製造膏體狀之導電性組成物。又,混合上述各成分之順序為任意,可同時進行混合,亦可逐次混合。
其次,藉由將以上述操作所得之導電性組成物塗佈於所期望的對象(例如,基板等)後,進行加熱使其熱硬化而可形成硬化膜。
塗佈方法並無特別限定,可列舉例如:分塗(dispense)、噴塗(jet dispense)、孔版印刷(Stencil Printing)、網板印刷(screen printing)、針式轉印、打印(stamping)等。
加熱溫度可設為例如120至200℃,更佳為150至175℃,加熱時間可設為例如1至120小時,較佳為30至60小時。
將本發明之導電性組成物塗佈於基板(例如,LTCC等陶瓷基板或玻璃/環氧基板)上後,使其熱硬化即可形成導電回路。此外,本發明之導電性組成物亦可使用作為晶片接合劑。例如,將包含本發明導電性組成物之晶片接合劑塗佈於導線架或基板(例如,Bare Cu導線架、Ag鍍覆Cu
導線架、PPF、Ag鍍覆42合金架(alloy frame))之預定部位後,設置半導體元件並進行熱硬化,即可將導線架或基板與半導體元件接合。
如此操作所得之硬化膜係呈現充分的導電性(例如比電阻值為1×10-2Ω‧cm以下)。此外,與基板之間的接著性(接著強度、接著電阻值)亦為良好。
以下係說明本發明之實施例,惟本發明並不限定於該等者。
將表1及2所示之各成分使用3軸輥進行混合,調製實施例及比較例之各導電性組成物。
對實施例/比較例之各導電性組成物進行特性測定。結果係示於表1及2。
於氧化鋁基板(120mm×20mm、厚度1.6mm)使用不鏽鋼遮罩(Stainless Mask)(網目200,保護層(resist)20μm),將實施例/比較例之各導電性組成物進行網板印刷而成為如第1-1圖之圖案。其次,以保持於150℃±5℃之送風乾燥機加熱30分鐘,得到形成硬化膜的試料。使用4261ALCR計測儀(YHP公司製),測定試料之硬化膜兩端之電阻值X(Ω)。
使用表面粗度形狀測定機Surfcom 590A(東京精密公司製之表面粗度形狀測定機),測定氧化鋁基板1上之導電性組成物之硬化膜2的厚度Z(μm)(參照第1-2圖)。
藉由下式算出比電阻值ρ(Ω‧cm)。
ρ=(0.1/7.1)×X×Z×10-4 (Ω‧cm)
由2個試料之測定值算出平均值,作為比電阻之值。
於具備膜厚:7至15μm之Ag厚膜電極3的25.4±0.1mm□之氧化鋁基板4上(參照第2-1圖)使用金屬遮罩(厚度:70μm),將實施例/比較例之各導電性組成物5使用金屬遮罩(厚度70μm)進行網板印刷,而成為如第2-2圖之圖案。網板印刷係使用金屬刮刀(squenge)(刮刀壓力100kPa、刮刀速度20mm/s、基板-模板間之空隙0mm、刮刀角度60°、離版速度0.05mm/s)進行。
以接觸導電性組成物5之方式,搭載AgPd電極之3216型電容器零件(電容器電極6)(第2-3圖),對零件均等施加1.0±0.5N的荷重,得到試料。
於恆溫槽,以預定的硬化條件(以30分鐘昇溫至150℃,並於150℃保持30分鐘)使導電性組成物硬化。
將試料之電容器電極6上部與距導電性組成物5的塗佈部周圍1mm以內之導體(基板電極)間之電阻值以四端子法測定(參照第2-4圖)。電流源之測定電流值為10±0.5mA。
由8個試料之測定值算出平均值,並設為接觸電阻之值。
使用可形成10個1.5mm□×40μmt圖案之網板遮罩,將各導電性組成物網板印刷於Bare Cu導線架。
以使矽面接觸導電性組成物之方式,設置10個2mm□矽晶片。
於恆溫槽,以預定的硬化條件(以30分鐘昇溫至150℃,並於150℃保持30分鐘)進行硬化。
將所得之試料使用強度試驗機MODEL-1605HTP(AIKOH ENGINEERING公司製)從側面加以衝擊,並讀取矽晶片剝離時之數值。測定係以從側面衝擊時的試驗速度為12±1mm/分鐘、常溫(25±5℃)進行。
使用E型黏度計TVE-22H,並使用旋轉器(rotor)3°錐角R9.7。
使用TERUMO公司製注射器,吸取0.3ml之實施例/比較例的各導電性組成物,並塗佈於黏度計的杯體中心部。將杯體裝設至黏度計,使用恆溫槽保持於25℃,放置10分鐘。測定於0.5rpm,3分鐘後的黏度(V1)。
將實施例/比較例之各導電性組成物填充至注射器後,於25℃、濕度50%的環境下,放置24小時。使用注射器吸取各導電性組成物0.3ml,並塗佈於黏度計的杯體中心部。將杯體裝設至黏度計,使用恆溫槽保持於25℃,放置10分鐘。測定於0.5rpm,3分鐘後的黏度(V2)。
藉由下式算出黏度之變化率。
黏度變化率(%)=(V2-V1)/V1×100
D50可以下述方式測定:以微量刮杓採取2杓銀被覆粒
子至300ml燒杯,加入0.5%硫化琥珀酸鈉之二辛酯溶液50ml,以超音波均質機分散10分鐘,並以光散射解析型粒度分布測定裝置(Coulter LS230(Beckman Coulter製)進行測定。50%之累計粒徑的平均值即為D50。
平均厚度可以下述方式測定:將銀被覆粒子2g、環氧樹脂(Epoxy Resin20-8130-032(BUEHLER製))5g、與環氧樹脂硬化劑(EPOXY HARDENER20-8132-008(BUEHLER製))1g量取至直徑25mm之透明杯,使用刮鏟充分混合,於室溫靜置12小時後,自透明杯取出已硬化的樹脂,並以切片機進行表面加工,碳蒸鍍後,以電場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(JEOL製JSM-7500F)拍攝倍率為1000倍或2000倍之相片,測定通過中心之最短邊之銀被覆厚度,測定個數50個的平均值即為平均厚度T。
銀被覆層之重量,係從銀被覆粒子的重量、與將銀被覆層溶解於硝酸並去除銀而測得之核材重量所算出之值。
銀被覆層之厚度,係製作與平均厚度T同樣的試樣,用電場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(JEOL製JSM-7500F)以10000倍至30000倍之倍率進行測定所求出的值。
表1及2中之樹脂、硬化劑及其他的成分係如以下所述。
樹脂1:雙酚F型環氧樹脂
雙酚F型環氧樹脂(環氧當量:160至175)
樹脂2:胺基酚型環氧樹脂
N,N-雙(2,3-環氧丙基)-4-(2,3-環氧丙基氧基)苯胺
樹脂3:PO改質環氧樹脂
聚氧伸丙基雙酚A二縮水甘油醚(環氧當量250至270)
樹脂4:雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂
1,6-雙馬來醯亞胺-(2,2,4-三甲基)己烷
硬化劑1:聚氧伸丙基二胺
H2N-SH(CH3)CH2[OCH2CH(CH3)]xNH2
x=33.1,活性氫當量:514
填料1:燻矽
聚二甲基矽氧烷處理燻矽
體積基準平均粒徑:0.25μm
第3-1圖係銀被覆粒子1之倍率5000倍的SEM相片,第3-2圖係為了測定平均厚度,而將銀被覆粒子1調配至水溶性環氧樹脂中,使進行硬化之硬化物的截面之SEM相片。
依據表1,使用本發明之片狀銀被覆粒子之實施例1至6,皆為比電阻值及接觸電阻值小,而接著強度亦優異。其中,使用經油酸處理的銀粒子之實施例3至6,黏度變
化少,而導電性組成物之安定性亦優異。
另一方面,使用縱橫比較小之銀被覆粒子之比較例1,比電阻值、接觸電阻值不佳。
依據表2之實施例7至9,可知即使變更熱硬化性樹脂系,本發明之片狀銀被覆粒子仍屬有效;即使變更銀被覆粒子的量,本發明之片狀銀被覆粒子仍屬有效。此外,依據表2之實施例10及11,可知相對於導電性組成物((A)成分、(B)成分及(C)成分)總計100質量份,若含有(A)成分之銀被覆粒子75質量份,則會有些許接著強度變差的傾向。此外,依據表2之實施例14及15可知,即使在銀被覆粒子的總重量之中,(A)成分之銀被覆層佔50至60質量%之情形下,比電阻值及接觸電阻值亦小,且接著強度亦優異。依據實施例15,可知當使用縱橫比T/D50為1.0之球狀銀被覆粒子時,就接觸電阻之點而言,會有些許變差的傾向。
依據本發明可提供一種導電性組成物,其係降低成本、與表現令人滿意的良好接著性及導電性兩者。本發明之導電性組成物係有用於形成導電回路及作為晶片接合劑。
第1圖之第1-1圖至第1-2圖係使用於測定實施例之比電阻的試料之概略圖。
第2圖之第2-1圖至第2-4圖係使用於測定實施例之接觸電阻的試料等之概略圖。
第3圖之第3-1圖至第3-2圖係實施例所使用之銀被覆粒子1之SEM相片。
本案所請為導電性組成物,本發明圖式為實施例之測定用試料的概略圖以及SEM相片,不足以代表本案技術特徵,故無指定代表圖。
Claims (9)
- 一種導電性組成物,包含:(A)片狀銀被覆粒子,其係選自銀被覆陶瓷粒子及銀被覆鋁粒子所成組群者,且藉由雷射光散射法所測定之體積平均粒徑D50為1至10μm,以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察所測定之平均厚度T為0.3至10μm,縱橫比T/D50為0.8至1.0者、(B)熱硬化性樹脂、以及(C)硬化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之導電性組成物,其中,(A)成分中之銀被覆層的重量為10至60質量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之導電性組成物,其中,(A)成分為經脂肪酸或其鹽、或是偶合劑進行表面處理之銀被覆粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之導電性組成物,其中,(A)成分係經選自油酸、硬脂酸及矽烷偶合劑所成組群中之1種以上進行表面處理之銀被覆粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之導電性組成物,其中,以(A)成分、(B)成分及(C)成分之總計為100質量份時,(A)成分為40至80質量份,(B)成分為10至58質量份,(C)成分為2至10質量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之導電性組成物,其中,復包含選自球狀之銀被覆陶瓷粒子及銀被覆鋁粒子所成組群中之球狀之銀被覆粒子者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之導電性組成物,其中,(B)成分為選自環氧樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚矽氧樹脂、胺酯(urethane)樹脂及馬來醯亞胺樹脂所成組群中之1種以上者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之導電性組成物,其中,(C)成分為選自酚(phenol)樹脂、胺系化合物、酸酐、過氧化物、金屬錯合物及偶氮化合物所成組群中之1種以上者。
- 一種晶片接合劑,其係包含申請專利範圍第1項至第8項中任一項所述之導電性組成物者。
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