JP6729143B2 - 樹脂組成物、接合体及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物、接合体及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6729143B2 JP6729143B2 JP2016150723A JP2016150723A JP6729143B2 JP 6729143 B2 JP6729143 B2 JP 6729143B2 JP 2016150723 A JP2016150723 A JP 2016150723A JP 2016150723 A JP2016150723 A JP 2016150723A JP 6729143 B2 JP6729143 B2 JP 6729143B2
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
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Images
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
風力発電、電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車等を制御するために用いられる大電力制御用のパワー半導体素子においては、発熱量が多いことから、これを搭載する基板としては、例えばAlN(窒化アルミ)、Al2O3(アルミナ)などからなるセラミックス基板と、このセラミックス基板の一方の面に導電性の優れた金属等を配設することによって形成された回路層と、を備えたパワーモジュール用基板が、従来から広く用いられている。
なお、パワージュール用基板としては、セラミックス基板の他方の面に金属層を形成したものも提供されている。
また、前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)が0.05〜2.0GPaとされているので、接着層の剛性を確保できるとともに、接着層が必要以上に硬くなることを抑制できる。
この場合、前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)と硬化後の前記バインダー樹脂のヤング率(b)との比(a/b)が0.4〜2.0とされているので、熱応力が局所的に集中することをより抑制することができ、接着層におけるクラックの発生を確実に抑制することができる。また、前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)が0.05〜2.0GPaとされているので、接着層の剛性をより確保できるとともに、接着層が必要以上に硬くなることを確実に抑制できる。
この場合、銀被覆粒子の表面に導入された官能基が、バインダー樹脂との親和性に優れたものとなり、バインダー樹脂と銀被覆粒子との密着性を高めることができる。
この構成の接合体によれば、第一部材と第二部材との間に前述の樹脂組成物が介在しているので、この接合体にヒートサイクルを負荷した場合であっても、樹脂組成物におけるクラックの発生が抑制され、第一部材と第二部材との接合信頼性に優れている。
この構成の半導体装置によれば、回路層と半導体素子との間に前述の樹脂組成物が介在しているので、この半導体装置にヒートサイクルを負荷した場合であっても、樹脂組成物におけるクラックの発生が抑制され、回路層と半導体素子の接合信頼性に優れている。
先ず、本発明の一実施形態である樹脂組成物の構成について説明する。本実施形態の樹脂組成物は、バインダー樹脂と、銀被覆粒子と、を有して概略構成されている。
本実施形態の樹脂組成物は、加熱することにより硬化し、接着層を形成する。接着したい部分に接着層を形成させることで、第一部材と第二部材とを接着し、接合体を構成することができる。本実施形態の樹脂組成物は、希釈剤(溶剤)を含んでいてもよい。希釈剤を含む樹脂組成物は、流動性が向上して、第一部材もしくは第二部材などの接着層を形成させる部分に塗布し易くなる。
樹脂組成物に含ませるバインダー樹脂としてのエポキシ樹脂は、例えばビスフェノール型、ビフェニル型、ビフェニル混合型、ナフタレン型、クレゾールノボラック型、ジシクロペンタジエン型、トリスフェノールエタン型、テトラフェノールエタン型のエポキシ樹脂が挙げられる。
希釈剤としては、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコ−ルモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のエーテルアルコール系溶剤及びそれらの酢酸エステル系溶剤、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、テルピネオール、ミネラルスピリット、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、ドデカン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル―2−ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジアセトンアルコール、ジメチルアセトアミド、γ−ブチロラクトン、水、反応性希釈剤等が挙げられる。これらはバインダー樹脂との相溶性によって選択され、シリコーン樹脂においてはミネラルスピリットやトルエン、ポリイミド樹脂においてはN−メチル2−ピロリドン、フェノール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂ではエチルカルビトールアセテート、ブチルカルビトールアセテート、α―テルピネオールが特に好ましい。これらの溶媒は単独でも複数種の組み合わせでも用いることができる。
樹脂粒子の平均粒径を0.5μm以上とすることにより、樹脂粒子の表面積が小さくなり、導電性及び熱伝導性フィラーとして必要な導電性及び熱伝導性を得るために銀の含有量を少なくすることができる。また、樹脂粒子の平均粒径を40μm以下とすることにより、銀被覆粒子含有樹脂組成物を様々な塗布・印刷方法へ応用することが容易となる。
銀被覆粒子100質量部に対して、銀の含有量を2質量部以上とすることにより、導電性フィラーとして銀被覆粒子が分散したときに、銀同士の接点が取り易く、十分な導電性を付与することができる。一方、銀の含有量を88質量部以下とすることにより、比重が比較的小さくなり、コストの上昇も抑制することができる。
粉体体積抵抗を1×10−2Ω・cm以下とすることにより、抵抗値が低くなり、導電性材料及び熱伝導性材料として適している。
ヤング率の比(a/b)を0.4〜2.0の範囲にすることで、熱応力の局所的な集中を緩和した接着層を形成することができる。そのため、本実施形態の樹脂組成物により形成した接着層は耐ヒートサイクル性に優れる。
先ず、銀被覆粒子を調製するため、錫化合物の水溶液に樹脂粒子を添加し、撹拌する。
その後、樹脂粒子を濾別して水洗する。これにより、樹脂粒子の表面に錫吸着層が設けられる。
錫化合物の水溶液の温度を20℃以上とすることにより、水溶液の活性が低くなることを抑制し、樹脂粒子に錫化合物を十分に付着させることができる。一方、錫化合物の水溶液の温度を45℃以下とすることにより、錫化合物の酸化を抑制でき、水溶液が安定し、樹脂粒子に錫化合物を十分に付着させることができる。20〜45℃の水溶液で樹脂粒子に錫化合物を付着させることによって、密着性の悪いアクリル系樹脂やスチレン系樹脂からなる微粒子に対しても、適切な結晶子径の銀の結晶粒子を析出させることができる。このため、密着性・緻密性に優れた銀被覆層を形成できる。さらに、銀被覆層が密着性・緻密性に優れるため、一方向に、粒径の10%を圧縮したときの圧縮方向の抵抗値を低減できる。
次に、本実施形態である樹脂組成物を用いた半導体装置の一例であるパワーモジュールについて、図1を用いて説明する。
このパワーモジュール1は、回路層12が配設されたパワーモジュール用基板10と、回路層12の表面に導電接合層30(接着層)を介して接合された半導体素子3と、冷却器40とを備えている。
セラミックス基板11は、回路層12と金属層13との間の電気的接続を防止するものであって、絶縁性の高いAlN(窒化アルミニウム)で構成されている。また、セラミックス基板11の厚さは、0.2〜1.5mmの範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.635mmに設定されている。
回路層12の表面に、本実施形態である樹脂組成物をディスペンサやスクリーン印刷浮きを用いて厚さ10〜100μmで塗布した後、半導体素子3を積層し、温度100〜200℃、保持時間0.5〜2.0時間の条件で硬化することにより、導電接合層30が形成され、回路層12と半導体素子3とが接着されることになる。
例えば、接合する対象物は半導体素子に限定されることはなく、任意の第一部材と第二部材とを上述の樹脂組成物を用いて接合し、接合体を構成してもよい。
また、本実施形態では、半導体装置としてパワーモジュールを例に挙げて説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、LED等の他の半導体装置であってもよい。
さらに、絶縁層としてAlNからなるセラミックス基板を例に挙げて説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、Al2O3、Si3N4、絶縁樹脂等の他の絶縁体で構成されていてもよい。
[本発明例1]
先ず、銀被覆粒子を調製するため、塩化第一錫15g、35%塩酸15cm3を、容量1dm3のメスフラスコを用いて水で1dm3に希釈(メスアップ)し、25℃に保温した。この水溶液に、平均粒径10μmであるアクリル樹脂粒子(母粒子)25gを添加し、1時間撹拌した。その後、樹脂粒子を濾別して水洗した。これにより、樹脂粒子の表面に錫吸着層を設けた。
その後、水溶液を撹拌しながら、硝酸銀を含む水溶液を滴下し、錫吸着層を設けた樹脂粒子に、得られる銀被覆粒子中の銀の割合が50質量%となるように銀を被覆して銀被覆粒子を作製した。その後、銀被覆粒子を水洗して乾燥した。乾燥後の銀被覆粒子について、平均粒子径を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。なお、銀被覆粒子の平均粒子径は、前述した樹脂粒子の平均粒径の測定方法と同様な方法により測定した。
微小圧縮試験機(島津製作所製、「MCT−2000」)を用いて、最大荷重が粒子の破壊強度の60%となるように設定した状態で負荷―除荷試験を行い、荷重―変位曲線を得た。この荷重―変位曲線において荷重を、
圧縮強度=2.8×荷重/(π×粒子直径×粒子直径)
の式を用いて圧縮強度に変換し、また変位を粒子直径で除すことで歪みに変換することで圧縮強度―変位曲線を得た。この圧縮強度―変位曲線のうち、除荷曲線における最大荷重値(破壊強度の60%)から破壊強度の55%までの線形領域における傾きをヤング率の値とした。こうして得られたヤング率について粒子20個の平均値を算出し、銀被覆粒子のヤング率とした。測定結果を表2に示す。
先ず、バインダー混合液をステンレス(SUS)基板上に塗布し、得られた塗布膜を温度180℃で1時間の条件で加熱して、SUS基板上に樹脂皮膜を成膜した。次いで、得られた樹脂皮膜(硬化後のバインダー樹脂)のヤング率を次のようにして測定した。
微小押し込み硬さ試験機(エリオニクス社製、「ENT−1100」)を用いて、25℃の環境下にて最大荷重30mgfに設定した状態で負荷―除荷試験を行い、荷重―変位曲線を得た。除荷曲線において除荷開始から15mgfまでの曲線を最小2乗法で近似した直線と荷重―変位曲線の横軸の交点をh1[μm],最大変位[μm]−h1[μm]の値をh2[μm]とし、以下の式からヤング率を求めた。
ヤング率 E[GPa]=0.0532/(h1×h2)
こうして得られたヤング率について、樹脂皮膜上の20箇所で測定した平均値をバインダーのヤング率とした。測定結果を表2に示す。
先ず、銀被覆粒子を調製するため、塩化第一錫15g、35%塩酸15cm3を、容量1dm3のメスフラスコを用いて水で1dm3に希釈(メスアップ)し、25℃に保温した。この水溶液に、平均粒径35μmであり、かつ粒径の変動係数2.1%のアクリル樹脂粒子50gを添加し、1時間撹拌した。その後、樹脂粒子を濾別して水洗した。これにより、樹脂粒子の表面に錫吸着層を設けた。
その後、水溶液を撹拌しながら、硝酸銀を含む水溶液を滴下し、錫吸着層を設けた樹脂粒子に、粒子中の銀の割合が2質量%となるように銀を被覆して銀被覆粒子を作製した。その後、銀被覆粒子を水洗して乾燥した。
本発明例3〜10及び比較例1では、銀被覆粒子の母粒子として表1に示すものを用いて、銀被覆粒子中の銀の割合が表1に示す量である銀被覆粒子を作製した。この作製した銀被覆粒子を用いたこと以外は、本発明例1と同様にして、樹脂組成物を作製した。
作製した樹脂組成物に対して信頼性試験を行った。具体的には、先ず、アルミニウム基板2枚に作製した樹脂組成物を厚さ100μmで塗布した後、温度150℃で1時間加熱し、樹脂組成物を硬化させることで、アルミニウム基板同士を接着させ、これを試験片とした。次に、この試験片を、ヒートサイクル試験機(ESPEC社製、「TSD−100」)を用いて、−45℃〜125℃の範囲でヒートサイクル試験を1000サイクル実施した。サイクル試験後、試験片に対して接合率を評価した。
初期接合率=ヒートサイクル試験前の接合面積/(ヒートサイクル試験前の接合面積+ヒートサイクル試験前の剥離面積)×100
ヒートサイクル後接合率=(ヒートサイクル試験前の接合面積―ヒートサイクル試験後の剥離面積)/ヒートサイクル試験前の接合面積×100
これに対して、銀被覆粒子の表面に官能基が導入されていて、銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)及び銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)と硬化のバインダーのヤング率(b)との比(a/b)が本発明の範囲内とされた本発明例1〜10においては、いずれもヒートサイクル後の接合率が比較例に比べて高くなっていることが確認された。
3 半導体素子
10 パワーモジュール用基板
12 回路層
30 導電接合層
Claims (5)
- バインダー樹脂と、
官能基が表面に導入されている銀被覆粒子と、を有し、
前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)と硬化後の前記バインダー樹脂のヤング率(b)との比(a/b)が0.1〜2.0であり、
前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)が0.05〜2.0GPaであることを特徴とする樹脂組成物。 - 前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)と硬化後の前記バインダー樹脂のヤング率(b)との比(a/b)が0.4〜2.0であり、
前記銀被覆粒子のヤング率(a)が0.2〜2.0GPaであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の樹脂組成物。 - 前記官能基が、エポキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル基、アミノ基、アミド基、イミノ基、イミダゾール基、及びメルカプト基からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 第一部材と第二部材とが接合されてなる接合体であって、
前記第一部材と前記第二部材との間に、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物が介在していることを特徴とする接合体。 - 絶縁層の一方の面に回路層が配設された絶縁回路基板と、前記回路層のうち前記絶縁層とは反対側の面に接合された半導体素子と、を備えた半導体装置であって、
前記回路層と前記半導体素子との間に請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物が介在していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
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JP5848407B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-01-27 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 反射防止膜及びそれを備えた光学部材 |
CN107735854B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2020-12-15 | 汉高股份有限及两合公司 | 可烧结粘合材料及使用其的半导体装置 |
CN104673113B (zh) * | 2015-03-05 | 2017-06-30 | 东华大学 | 一种光热双重固化各向异性导电胶膜及其制备方法 |
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US10249591B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
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