TWI541226B - 鹼反應性光酸產生劑及包含該光酸產生劑之光阻劑 - Google Patents
鹼反應性光酸產生劑及包含該光酸產生劑之光阻劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI541226B TWI541226B TW100141550A TW100141550A TWI541226B TW I541226 B TWI541226 B TW I541226B TW 100141550 A TW100141550 A TW 100141550A TW 100141550 A TW100141550 A TW 100141550A TW I541226 B TWI541226 B TW I541226B
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- photoresist
- alkyl
- base
- photoacid generator
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- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 fluoroalkyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOZNCAMOIPYYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminoethylideneazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(N)=N.CC(O)=O ZOZNCAMOIPYYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000041 C6-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluorosulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 33
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 25
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- OOIBFPKQHULHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2(O)CC1(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C3 OOIBFPKQHULHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical group CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003270 Cymel® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical class C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DKDKCSYKDZNMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1(O)CC2(OC(=O)C=C)C3 DKDKCSYKDZNMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLLPVDKADBYKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate;triphenylsulfanium Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VLLPVDKADBYKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BUISTRQTLMNGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoro-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(O)=O BUISTRQTLMNGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYVQFUJDGOBPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl-2-hydoxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)O XYVQFUJDGOBPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005429 oxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002186 photoactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FMEBJQQRPGHVOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethylcyclopentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1(CC)CCCC1 FMEBJQQRPGHVOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWKVXOGJOAPZTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-propan-2-yl-2-adamantyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2C(OC(=O)C(C)=C)C1(C(C)C)C3 SWKVXOGJOAPZTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQRTVVANIGOXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methyl-1-adamantyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(C)C2(OC(=O)C=C)C3 GQRTVVANIGOXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDYDISGSYGFRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methyl-2-adamantyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(OC(=O)C(=C)C)(C)C2C3 FDYDISGSYGFRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006657 (C1-C10) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBGWRZJHVFZWDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(O)=O MBGWRZJHVFZWDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NFGPNZVXBBBZNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 NFGPNZVXBBBZNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZHBMGKRWRNEMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonate;piperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C1CCNCC1.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 ZHBMGKRWRNEMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- CACMIZNHGKOVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClCl.C(C(=C)C)(=O)O Chemical compound ClCl.C(C(=C)C)(=O)O CACMIZNHGKOVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCDPVJAXNHDPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(naphthalen-1-yl)methyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(OC(=O)C=C)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PCDPVJAXNHDPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
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- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/32—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of salts of sulfonic acids
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- C07C309/08—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton containing hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
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- C07D333/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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Description
本發明係有關於新穎光酸產生劑化合物(“PAG”)及包含該化合物之光阻劑組成物。具體地說,本發明係有關於含有鹼反應性基團之光酸產生劑化合物。特佳為含有該PAG,且可使用短波長輻射加以成像(例如次-300奈米(sub-300 nm)及次-200奈米輻射)之正-和負-作用化學增幅阻劑。
光阻為用以將影像轉移到基板之光敏感性薄膜。它們形成正或負影像。在基板上塗覆光阻劑之後,將該塗覆層透過圖案化光罩曝光於活化能量源(如紫外線),以在光阻劑塗覆層上形成潛在影像(latent image)。該光罩具有對活化輻射不通透的區域及活化輻射可通透之其他區域,而定義出想要被轉移到下方基板上的影像。將阻劑塗覆層的潛在影像顯影後可提供浮雕影像。光阻劑之使用在此領域之技藝均已熟知。
已知的光阻劑可提供具有對許多現有商業應用而言足夠的解析度和尺寸的特徵。然而,對於許多其他方面的應用,仍需要可提供次微米維度之高度解析影像的新光阻劑。
已有各種嘗試試圖改變光阻劑組成物的構成以改善功能性質的性能。例如,已嘗試藉由更改使用的PAG來改善光阻劑性能。例如,參見美國專利2010/0081088案,其揭示,除其他事項外,各種用於光阻劑組成物之光活性化合物。揭示於美國2010/0081088號中的某些在PAG的鋶陽離子上具有酯部分(moiety)之PAG,具有極緩慢的鹼促進解離,因而對光阻劑之微影性能提供無至最小的好處。
對具有相對較快之鹼促進解離率之光酸產生劑仍有需要。該光酸產生劑可有助於光阻劑之微影性能,例如具有減少之與從該光阻劑組成物所形成之阻劑浮雕影像有關之缺陷,及/或提供改善之曝光寬容度(EL),及/或減少之遮罩誤差因子(MEF)。
我們發現用於正-或負-作用之光阻劑組成物之新穎光酸產生劑化合物(PAG)。具體地說,光酸產生劑化合物提供具有一或多種鹼反應性部分,特別是在曝光後或在曝光後微影操作步驟後係反應性之鹼反應性部分。較佳之鹼反應性部分以水性鹼性顯影劑組成物(如0.26 N四甲基氫氧化銨水性顯影劑組成物)處理時將會反應。
本發明提供一種光酸產生劑化合物,其具化學式(I)或(II):
(I) R5M+R6R7 r -O3S-R1 p-Xy-(R2ZwR3)x
(II)(Pg-R4-Z2)g1R5M+R6R7 r -O3S-R1 p-Xy-(R2ZwR3)x1(R2Z1-R4Pg)g2
其中,每一R1係選自(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之(C1-C10)烷基,氟(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之氟(C1-C10)烷基,(C6-C10)芳基,及氟(C6-C10)芳基;每一R2為化學鍵或(C1-C30)烴基;每一R3為H或(C1-C30)烴基;每一R4為化學鍵或(C1-C30)烴基;R5,R6及R7分別為選自視需要經取代之碳環系芳基,烯丙基,及視需要經取代之(C1-C20)烷基;X為化學鍵或二價連接基;Z為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-C(CF3)2O-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-OCH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基;Z1為二價鹼反應性基團;Z2為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,乙醯乙酸酯,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基;每一Rf分別為氟(C1-C10)烷基;Pg為可聚合基團;p=0至6;w=1至3;x=1至4;x1=0至4;y=0至5;z=1至2;g1=0至3;g2=0至3;r=0至1;M為S或I;其中,當M=I,r=0,及當M=S,r=1,限制條件為g1及g2之至少一者≠0。
另外,本發明提供聚合物,其包含作為聚合單元之一或多種如上述化學式(II)所示光酸產生劑化合物。該聚合物有用於作為光阻劑組成物中的光酸產生劑化合物。
本發明亦提供含有任何一種上述光酸產生劑化合物之光阻劑組成物。
再者,本發明提供一種形成浮雕影像的方法,其包含(a)將上述之光阻劑組成物之塗覆層施加至基板;及(b)將光阻劑塗覆層曝光於圖案化活化輻射,及將已曝光之光阻劑層顯影以提供浮雕影像。浮雕影像(例如,具有基本上垂直側壁之圖案化線)可具次-0.25微米維度或更低,如次-0.2或次-0.1微米維度。
如本說明書所述,"烷基"一詞係包括直鏈,支鏈及環狀烷基。如本說明書所述,"氟烷基"一詞係表示其之一或多個氫原子係以一或多個氟原子置換之烷基。氟烷基包括從單氟烷基至全氟烷基之所有量的氟取代。"(甲基)丙烯酸酯"一詞係包括丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯。同樣地,"(甲基)丙烯酸系"一詞係包括丙烯酸系及甲基丙烯酸系。而不定冠詞之"一(a)"及"一(an)"則欲涵蓋單數及複數。下列縮寫代表意義如下述:℃=攝氏度;nm=奈米;μm=micron=微米;cm=釐米;mJ=毫焦耳;wt%=重量百分比;PAG=光酸產生劑;除非另有說明,否則所有比率均為莫耳比。
如本說明書所述,在含有鹼反應性基團之光阻劑進行顯影步驟前,鹼反應性基團將不顯著反應(例如,將不會進行鍵斷裂反應)。因此,例如,在曝光前軟烤(soft-bake)、曝光及曝光後烘烤期間,鹼反應性基團將為實質上惰性。"實質上惰性"意指在曝光前軟烤,曝光及曝光後烘烤期間,鹼反應性基團(或部分)有5%,較佳1%將會分解,剪切或起反應。就本說明書所述,鹼反應性基團典型將在光阻劑之典型顯影條件時為反應性,例如,以0.26 N四丁基氫氧化銨顯影劑組成物進行單攪煉(single puddle)顯影。
本發明光酸產生劑化合物之組分的較佳鹼反應性基團,在以鹼(如水性鹼性顯影劑)處理時,係可提供一或多個羥基,一或多個羧酸基,一或多個磺酸基,和/或一或多個其他極性基團,這些基將使得阻劑塗覆層更親水性。
在不欲受縛於任何理論下,咸信本發明之光阻劑藉著因為在顯影步驟期間之鹼反應性基團之反應及更極性(親水性)基團之產生,而提供光阻浮雕影像之更親水性表面,從而得以具有減少之缺陷,該更親水性表面可減少缺陷之發生,特別是在顯影時欲加以裸露之基板區內的有機性材料殘渣的發生。在不欲受縛於任何理論下,咸信本發明之光酸產生劑化合物可針對在阻塗覆層之所欲PAG酸低擴散性,及降低顯影後缺陷。且復相信,比起習用光阻劑,含有本發明PAG之光阻劑組成物顯現出改善之曝光寬容度(EL),及/或減少之遮罩誤差因子(MEF)。
本發明PAG具化學式(I)或(II):
(I) R5M+R6R7 r -O3S-R1 p-Xy-(R2ZwR3)x
(II)(Pg-R4-Z2)g1R5M+R6R7 r -O3S-R1 p-Xy-(R2ZwR3)x1(R2Z1-R4Pg)g2
其中,每一R1係選自(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之(C1-C10)烷基,氟(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之氟(C1-C10)烷基,(C6-C10)芳基,及氟(C6-C10)芳基;每一R2為化學鍵或(C1-C30)烴基;每一R3為H或(C1-C30)烴基;每一R4為化學鍵或(C1-C30)烴基;R5,R6及R7分別為選自視需要經取代之碳環系芳基,烯丙基,及視需要經取代之(C1-C20)烷基;X為化學鍵或二價連接基;Z為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-C(CF3)2O-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-OCH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基;Z1為二價鹼反應性基團;Z2為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,乙醯乙酸酯,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基;每一Rf分別為氟(C1-C10)烷基;Pg為可聚合基團;p=0至6;w=1至3;x=1至4;x1=0至4;y=0至5;Z=1至2;g1=0至3;g2=0至3;r=0至1;M為S或I;其中,當M=I,r=0,及當M=S,r=1,限制條件為g1及g2之至少一者≠0。
較佳,R1為(CRa 2)n,其中每一Ra為選自H,F,(C1-C10)烷基及氟(C1-C10)烷基;而n=0至6,較佳者為0至4,更佳者為1至4。較佳之Ra為選自H,F,氟(C1-C10)烷基,更佳者為H,F,及氟(C1-C6)烷基,尤佳者為F,及氟(C1-C6)烷基。
R3可為任一合適之(C1-C30)烴基。例示之烴基實例包括(C1-C30)烷基,氟(C1-C30)烷基及(C6-C20)芳基。較佳,R3為選自H,(C1-C30)烷基,氟(C1-C30)烷基及(C6-C20)芳基。
R4可為任一合適之(C1-C30)烴基。例示之烴基實例包括(C1-C30)烷基,氟(C1-C30)烷基及(C6-C20)芳基。較佳之R4為選自化學鍵,(C1-C30)烷基,氟(C1-C30)烷基及(C6-C20)芳基。
較佳之X為二價連接基。有廣泛多種二價連接基適用於X。例示之二價連接基包括含C1-C30之基,較佳者為具有一或多個選自O,N,S或其組合之雜原子。其他合適之二價連接基為含雜原子之官能基,諸如具化學式-X2 t1-(Y2=X3)X3 t2-者,其中X2=O,S,或NR;Y2=C,S,或S=O;X3=O或S;t1=0或1;而t2=0或1。較佳之二價連接基包括任何具有下列之一者或多者的二價連接基:-C(O)O-,-C(O)S-,-SO3-,-S(O)-,-SO2-,,及其組合。
本發明之PAG包含一或多種鹼反應性部分,即化學式(I)所示之Z及化學式(II)所示之Z1或Z2。
化學式(I)中,Z表示種鹼反應性基團。該鹼反應性基團可鍵結到(C1-C10)烴基,例如當Z為酸酐。若此烴基存在時,其較佳者為選自(C1-C10)烷基,含雜原子之(C1-C10)烷基,氟(C1-C10)烷基,含雜原子之氟(C1-C10)烷基,(C6-C10)芳基,及氟(C6-C10)芳基。較佳之Z為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(CF3)2O-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基。更佳者為,Z選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(CF3)2O-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-及-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z。較佳者為z=1或2。較佳者為Rf=氟(C1-C8)烷基。更佳為Rf=氟(C1-C8)烷基及Z=1或2。例示之β-雜原子-取代之內酯係包括但不限於具下列化學式者:
其中,r1及r2分別為1至10;q1及q2分別為1至10;R3及R4分別選自(C1-C10)烴基,R5為H或(C1-C10)烴基。較佳之β-雜原子-取代之內酯包括下列者:
-COO-Rf-基團包括-C(O)-O-Rf-及-O-C(O)-Rf-兩者。同樣地,-SO3-Rf-基團包括-SO2-O-Rf-及-O-S(O2)-Rf-兩者。此包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基可為芳香族或脂肪族,及可視需要含有或更多選自O,S及N之雜原子。在(C5-C30)環烴基團中之該鹼反應性基團之例示實例包括羥基,氟烷基酯,氟磺酸酯,及-C(CF3)2O-。較佳之該包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基為酚,及羥基萘基。
Z1可為任何合適之鹼反應性基團,其為多價者。多價係指鹼反應性基團鍵結至二個其他基團(二價)或多於二個其他基團,較佳,Z1為二價鹼反應性基團。Z1之鹼反應性基團之例示實例包括β-雜原子-取代之內酯,乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基,-COOR1-,-SO3R1-,,及其組合,其中R1,Rf及z如上述所定義。較佳者,Z1為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基,而更佳者,Z1為選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基。β-雜原子-取代內酯之例示實例為如上就Z所述者。合適之包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基為如上就Z所述者。
Z2亦為多價(包括二價)之鹼反應性基團,且係選自β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,乙醯乙酸酯,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基,其中,R1,Rf及z如上述定義。Z2之較佳基團為β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基,而更佳者為β-雜原子-取代之內酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-;-CH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z。β-雜原子-取代之內酯之例示實例為如上就Z所述者。合適之包含鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基為如上就Z所述者。
在化學式(II)所示化合物中,Pg可為任何合適之可聚合基團。“可聚合基團”一詞意為任何下述基團:其可自身聚合產生聚合物(同聚反應),或與一或多種其他可聚合基團聚合產生聚合物(共聚合反應)。較佳,Pg為可經由自由基聚合或縮合而聚合之基。而自由基可聚合基為較佳,更佳者,Pg包含(甲基)丙烯酸系基團或乙烯基。
在具化學式(II)之化合物中,g1及g2之至少一者≠0,亦即,必須存在著至少一個附接至鹼反應性基團(Z1或Z2)之可聚合基團。而以g1或g2=1為佳。
較佳者,M為有機鋶陽離子。M合適之陽離子為化學式(III)所示之鋶陽離子,及化學式(IV)所示之碘鎓離子(iodonum):
其中,R5至R7分別為可含取代基之碳環系芳基(意即,可視需要經取代),烯丙基,可含取代基之(C1-C20)烷基(意即,可視需要經取代,諸如全氟(C1-C20)烷基),或(C6-C15)芳烷基(如苯甲基及苯乙基),較佳,R5至R7之至少一者為碳環系芳基;或者,R5及R6或R6及R7係相互鍵結而與它們所附接的硫離子一起形成環;R7為可含取代基之碳環系芳基(意即,可視需要經取代),可含取代基之(C1-C20)烷基(意即,可視需要經取代)。
較佳之鋶陽離子為化學式(IIIa)至(IIIf)所示者:
其中,R6及R7為如上述化學式(3)所述者;R10至R12分別選自氫,羥基,(C1-C20)烷基,鹵素,(C1-C20)烷氧基,芳基,硫苯氧基,硫(C1-C20)烷氧基及(C1-C20)烷氧基羰基;R13為(C1-C20)烷基;q=1至10;而r=1至2。每一個R10至R12可分別含酸不安定基團,鹼不安定基團或鹼可溶基團。
特佳之化學式(IIIc)之鋶陽離子為如結構C1至C6所示者,特別合適之化學式(IIId)之鋶陽離子為如結構D1及D2所示者,而化學式(IIIe)之特別合適結構如結構E1所示。
當g1=1,化學式(II)所示之化合物包含至少一個鍵結至鹼反應性基團之可聚合基團(Pg),該鹼反應性基團本身鍵結至R5。當g1=0,則g2必須1。同樣地,當g2=0,則g1必須1。
本發明之PAG可包含一或多個如上述之鹼反應性基團。在某些方面,較佳者為離子性光酸產生劑化合物,特別是在光活化下產生磺酸(-SO3-)之PAG化合物。尤佳方面,提供氟化PAG,其包含一或多個鹼反應性基團。特佳者,含一或多個鹼反應性基團之氟化PAG,該一或多個鹼反應性基團在光活化下產生磺酸(-SO3-),諸如下列任一基團:氟化磺酸基團(例如-CF2SO3 -,-CHFSO3 -,-(酯)CF2SO3 -,及-(酯)CHFSO3 -。
化學式(I)所示之化合物中,某些具體較佳者包括如下化學式之金剛烷化合物:
其中,R14係選自H,F,(C1-C10)烷基及氟(C1-C10)烷基;W=氟化磺酸部分;m=0至5,而s=0或1;限制條件為當s=1時,m=0。較佳,W係選自結構式4及5。
這些金剛烷組分可經其他體積大的籠式結構取代,諸如降莰烷或二降莰烷,其含有醇或羧酸基團以納入鹼可裂解單元。
化學式(I)之化合物中,其他較佳者係顯示於結構式6及7。
在聚合物中係含有作為聚合單元之化學式(II)PAG之例中,陰離子或陽離子組分可共價接至樹脂。而此種聚合物可依習知程序製備。
合適之化學式(II)所示PAG可包含如下之結構:
其中,M1及M2之至少一者為可聚合基團;X1-4為鹼反應性基團;Y為氟化連接基;Q1-4為二價基團;每一n1及n2為0或1之整數,且n1≠n2;m1及m2為0或1之整數,且m1≠m2。
其他合適之化學式(II)PAG以結構(A)及(B)表示
其中,每一R1,R2及R3分別為經取代或未經取代之直鏈或支鏈(C1-C10)烷基,烯基或側氧基烷基,或經取代或未經取代之(C6-C18)芳基,arkyl或芳基側氧基烷基,或R1,R2及R3中任二者或更多者,可鍵結在一起而與硫原子形成環;Rf1及Rf2為全氟化或部份氟化之經取代或未經取代之直鏈或支鏈(C1-C10)烷基或環烷基;X為H,CH3,F,CF3或其他取代基;Y及Z為經取代或未經取代之直鏈或支鏈(C1-C20)烷基,環烷基及/或籠狀基團連結。
較佳者,本發明之PAG係用於正-或負-作用化學增幅光阻劑,亦即,負作用阻劑組成物其歷經光酸促進交聯反應,而使得阻塗覆層之曝光區對顯影劑之可溶性較未曝光區者為低;而正作用阻劑組成物,其歷經一或多個組成物組分之酸不穩定基團之光酸促進去保護反應,而使得阻塗覆層曝光區對水性顯影劑之可溶性較未曝光區者高。
本發明之光阻劑含有成像有效量之一或多種本案之PAG。該PAG可能為分開的組分,或可能為鍵結至樹脂者。但進一步的替代選擇,本發明之光阻劑可含有成像有效量之一或多種個別PAG,和包含一或多種本案之PAG作為聚合單元之一或多種樹脂。本發明之阻劑也可含有區別PAG之混合物,典型為2或3種區別PAG之混合物,更典型為由總共2種區別PAG所組成的混合物。混合物之PAG的至少一者具有一種或多種本發明所披露之鹼可裂解基團。
適用於本發明之光阻劑典型含有樹脂黏合劑(聚合物),如上述的PAG,及視需要之一或多種其他組分,諸如鹼(淬滅劑),溶劑,光化和對比染料,抗紋劑,塑化劑,速度促進劑,敏化劑等。亦可使用多於一種之任何這些光阻劑組分。該等視需要添加劑(若使用)於組成物中通常呈較小量,例如其用量為光阻劑組成物總固體之0.1至10重量%。較佳,樹脂黏合劑具有賦予光阻劑組成物鹼性水性可顯影性之官能基。例如,較佳者為,具有極性官能基諸如羥基或羧酸酯基之樹脂黏合劑。而較佳,樹脂黏合劑於阻劑組成物中以足夠使阻劑得以在鹼性水性溶液顯影之用量使用。
較佳之用於本發明正-作用化學增幅光阻劑之具有酸不安定脫封(deblocking)基團之樹脂,已揭示於歐洲專利申請第0829766號案(含有縮醛及縮酮樹脂),(縮醛及縮酮樹脂),和歐洲專利申請案第EP 0783136號(三元聚物及其他共聚物,其包含單元為1)苯乙烯;2)羥基苯乙烯;及3)酸不安定基團,特別是丙烯酸烷基酯酸不安定基團,如丙烯酸第三丁基酯,或甲基丙烯酸第三丁基酯)。一般言之,具有各式酸不安定基團之樹脂將為合適者,例如,酸敏性酯類,碳酸酯類,醚類,醯亞胺類等。雖然具有就聚合物主鏈來說為一體之酸不安定基團之樹脂亦可使用,然而較典型的是在聚合物主鏈的側鏈具有光酸不安定基團之樹脂。
雖可使用次-200奈米波長,如電子束,離子束及射線,或其他游離輻射,本發明之光阻劑較佳成像波長包括次-300奈米波長,如248奈米,更佳為次-200奈米波長,如193奈米及EUV。
對於波長大於200奈米,例如248奈米,之成像而言,典型較佳者為酚樹脂。較佳之酚樹脂係聚(乙烯基酚),其可在催化劑存在下,由對應之單體進行嵌段聚合、乳化聚合或溶液聚合而形成。有用於這些波長成像之尤佳樹脂包括:i)含有乙烯基酚及(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯之聚合單元之聚合物,其中在光酸存在下,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯聚合單元可進行脫封反應。可進行光酸誘導脫封反應之例示(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,包括如第三丁基丙烯酸酯,甲基丙烯酸第三丁基酯,丙烯酸甲基金剛烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸甲基金剛烷基酯,和可進行光酸誘導反應之丙烯酸之其他非環狀烷基酯及脂環族酯,例如美國專利公開6,042,997及5,492,793號案述及之聚合物,已將該案納入本案為參考;ii)含有乙烯基酚、不含羥基或羧基環取代基之視需要經取代之乙烯基苯基(例如,苯乙烯)、以及例如上述i)聚合物所揭示的那些去封阻基團之丙烯酸烷基酯之聚合單元的聚合物,例如美國專利第6,042,997號所揭示之聚合物,其內容將併入本文作為參考;以及iii)含有包括將與光酸進行反應之縮醛或縮酮部份之重複單元、及視需要之芳香族重複單元(例如苯基或酚基)之聚合物,而適合於次-200奈米,如193奈米成像之樹脂,包括各種(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體,且為此技術領域所熟知者,諸如揭示於美國專利7,968,268;7,700,256;7,432,035;7,122,589;7,041,838;6,492,091;6,280,898;及6,239,231,和美國專利公開2009/0117489及2011/0003257號案。例示之樹脂包括包含具下列化學通式(I),(II)及(III)之單元者。
其中,R1為(C1-C3)烷基;R2為(C1-C3)伸烷基;L1為內酯基;且n為1或2。
形成化學式(I)單元之合適單體包括,例如,下列:
形成化學通式(II)單元之合適單體包括,例如,下列:
形成化學式(III)單元之單體包括,甲基丙烯酸3-羥基-1-金剛烷基酯(HAMA)及較佳者為丙烯酸3-羥基-1-金剛烷基酯(HADA)。
此樹脂可包括一或多種與第一單元不同之具化學通式(I),(II)及/或(III)之額外單元。在樹脂存在該額外單元之例中,該額外單元較佳包含額外的具化學式(I)之含離去基單元及/或具化學式(II)之含內酯基單元。
除如上述聚合單元外,該樹脂可包括一或多種非化學通式(I),(II)或(III)之額外單元。有廣泛多種此額外單元可用以製備有用於本發明之阻劑。典型地,用於該樹脂之該額外單元將包括與用以形成化學通式(I),(II)或(III)之單元相同或相似之可聚合基團,但還可在相同聚合物骨幹中包括其他不同之可聚合基團,諸如含乙烯基或非芳族環烯烴(內環雙鍵)(如視需要經取代之降莰烯)之聚合單元者。對於次200奈米波長成像而言,例如193奈米,該樹脂典型實質上不含(亦即,低於15莫耳%)之苯基,苯甲基,或其他芳基,而這些基團會高度吸收輻射。若使用額外單元,其在聚合物中之使用量典型為10至30莫耳%。
二或多種樹脂混合物可用於本發明組成物中。樹脂在阻劑組成物中的含量需達足夠量,以得到具所欲厚度之均勻塗覆層。典型地,樹脂在組成物中的用量可達光阻劑組成分總固體之70至95重量%。由於改善了樹脂在有機顯影劑中之溶解性質,可用之樹脂不受限於較低分子量,而有寬廣範圍。例如,聚合物之重量平均分子量典型低於100,000,例如,5000至50,000,更典型為界於6,000至30,000或7,000至25,000者。
用以形成樹脂之合適單體已有市售商品及/或可依習知方法合成。熟悉此技術者可使用習知方法,或使用其他市售起始材料很容易地加以合成。
本發明光阻劑中較佳之視需要添加劑係添加鹼,特別是四丁基氫氧化銨(TBAH),或各種醯胺,其可提升經顯影之阻劑浮雕影影像的解析度。該添加鹼係以相對少量適當地使用,例如,相對於PAG為約1至10重量%,更典型為1至約5重量%。其他適當的鹼性添加劑包含磺酸銨鹽類,例如對甲苯磺酸哌啶鎓與對甲苯磺酸二環己基銨;烷基胺類,例如三丙基胺與月桂基胺;芳基胺,例如二苯基胺、三苯基胺、胺基酚、2-(4-胺基苯)-2-(4-羥基苯基)丙烷等。
本發明之光阻劑組成物典型包含溶劑。該適當的溶劑包括例如,二醇醚,如2-甲氧基乙基醚(二甘二甲醚)、乙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚;丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯;乳酸酯類,例如乳酸乙酯或乳酸甲酯;丙酸酯類,特別是丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸乙基乙氧基酯及甲基-2-羥基異丁酸酯;賽路蘇酯,例如甲基賽路蘇乙酸酯;芳香族烴,例如甲苯或二甲苯;或酮,甲基乙基酮、環己酮、及2-庚酮。溶劑混合物諸如二,三或多種上述溶劑之混合物亦適用。以光阻劑組成物總重計,組成物中溶劑使用量典型為90至99重量%,更典型為95至98重量%。
本發明之光阻劑一般依已知程序製備。例如,本發明之阻劑可將光阻劑組分溶於合適溶劑中以製成一種塗覆組成物。通常使用足夠量本發明阻劑之樹脂黏合劑組分,以使阻劑之曝光塗覆層可顯影如用水性鹼性溶液。尤其是,樹脂黏合劑合適含量為阻劑總固體之50至約90重量%。光活性組分應含足夠量而得以於阻劑的塗覆層中產生潛像。更具體地說,此光活性組分宜合適地佔阻劑總固體之1至40重量%。典型,較低量的光活性組分對化學增幅光阻劑較合適。
本光阻劑組成物所欲之總固體含量決定因素例如此組成物中之特殊聚合物,最終層厚度及曝光波長。以光阻劑組成物總重量計,典型光阻劑之總固體含量為1至10重量%變化,更典型為2至5重量%。
本發明較佳之負作用光阻劑組成物,包含暴露於酸時將會固化、交聯或硬化之材料的混合物及本發明之光活性組分。較佳之負作用組成物包含樹脂黏合劑(諸如酚樹脂或非芳族樹脂),交聯劑組分,及本發明之光光活性組分。此類組成物及其用途,已揭示於歐洲專利申請EP0164248及EP0232972號案,及之美國專利5,128,232號案(Thackeray等人)。用為樹脂黏合劑組分之較佳酚樹脂包括諸如前已述及之酚醛樹脂及聚(乙烯基酚)。較佳交聯劑包括以胺為基礎材料,包括以三聚氰胺樹脂,甘脲(glycoluril),苯并胍胺(benzoguanamine)為基礎之材料及以尿素為基質之材料。而通常以三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂為最佳。該等交聯劑係可商購而得者,例如,美國氰胺公司出售之商品名為Cymel 300、301及303之三聚氰胺樹脂。美國氰胺公司出售之商品名為Cymel 1170、1171及1172之甘脲樹脂。商品名為Beetle 60、65及80之尿素為基礎之材料。商品名為Cymel 1123及1125之苯并胍胺樹脂。
本發明之光阻劑可依已知過程使用。雖然本發明之光阻劑能以乾膜使用,而較佳者則是以液體塗覆組成物施用至基板,藉加熱乾燥以除去溶劑直到塗覆層不黏為止,經由光罩以活化輻射曝光,進行視需要之曝光後烘烤,以創造或加強阻劑塗覆層之曝光與未曝光區域之溶解性差異,然後較佳以水性鹼性顯影劑顯影以產生浮雕影像。其上施加有本發明之阻劑並經加工之基板適當地可為使用在涉及光阻劑之過程的任何基板(例如微電子晶圓)。例如,此基板可能為矽,二氧化矽或鋁-氧化鋁微電子晶圓。而砷化鎵,陶瓷,石英,或銅基板亦可適用。印刷電路板基板如覆銅箔層壓板亦為合適之基板。用於液晶顯示器及其它平板顯示器之基板亦可適用,如,玻璃基板,塗有銦錫氧化物之基板等。液態阻劑組成物塗佈可以使用如旋塗,浸漬,輥塗方法施加。
此光阻劑層(及上塗阻障層,如果有的話)可較佳地於浸潤式微影系統中用活化輻射曝光,亦即,在曝光器具(尤其是投影鏡頭)和經光阻劑塗佈基板之間的空間被浸潤液體佔有,諸如水或水混以一或多種添加劑如硫酸銫,其可提供增強折射率之流體。較佳,浸潤液體(例如,水)已處理過以防有氣泡,例如,水可經脫氣以避免奈米氣泡。本文引用之"浸潤式曝光"或其他類似術語,表示係以介於曝光器具和經塗覆之光阻劑組成物層之間的此等流體(例如,水或水混以添加劑)進行曝光者。
曝光能量須足以有效地活化對輻射敏感系統之光阻劑組分,以在阻劑塗覆層內產生圖案化影像。合適之曝光能量典型界於1至300毫焦耳/平方厘米(mJ/cm2)。合適之曝光後烘烤溫度為50℃或更高,更具體者為50至140℃。對酸硬化負作用阻劑,可再施以顯影後烘烤(若想要的話),溫度為100至150℃,進行數分鐘或更長時間,以進一步固化顯影所形成之浮雕影像。在顯影及顯影後之固化後,藉由顯影而露出之基板可接著經視需要地加工,例如,按照在此技藝上已知的過程,對不覆蓋光阻劑區進行化學蝕刻或鍍覆處理。合適之蝕刻劑包括氫氟酸蝕刻溶液,及氣體蝕刻劑例如,氧氣電漿蝕刻劑。
本發明另亦提供形成本發明之光阻劑之浮雕影像的方法,包括形成次-0.25微米維度或更低,如次-0.2或次-0.1微米維度之高度解析圖案化光阻劑影像(例如,具有實質上垂直側壁之圖案化線)之方法。
本發明進一步提供包含基板製造之器材,諸如微電子晶圓或平板顯示器基板具有塗覆本發明之光阻劑及浮雕影像。
光酸產生劑TPS NBHFA-TFPS以多-步驟合成(摘要如方案1及下段)。詳細合成程序入如下。
於溶於150毫升四氫呋喃之4-溴-3,3,4,4-四氟丁酸(1.26克,102.7毫莫耳)溶液中加入羰基二咪唑(CDI,16.7克,103.0毫莫耳),將混合物在室溫攪拌2小時。將反應混合物加熱至70℃,再加化合物2(30克,102.6毫莫耳),該反應在有氮氣存在下於70℃攪拌16小時。在減壓下去除溶劑,將所得到之油狀殘留物溶於二氯甲烷。溶液(後者)以200毫升1 N HCl洗滌二次,再以200毫升水洗滌一次,以MgSO4乾燥,在減壓下去除溶劑,得到無色油化合物3。
第二步,化合物3(45克,85.35毫莫耳)溶於200毫升乙腈。二硫亞磺酸鈉(32.69克,187.75毫莫耳)及碳酸氫鈉(21.5克,255.9毫莫耳)溶於200毫升去離子水。將水溶液加到攪拌的乙腈溶液,且將反應混合物在70℃下攪拌16小時。以19F NMR監測反應完全轉變。此乙腈溶液用於氧化步驟,而不再分離出中間產物。對此乙腈溶液加100毫升水,Na2WO4‧2H2O(50 mg)及H2O2(30 w/w%水溶液,14.5 g)。反應在環境溫度下攪拌16小時。有機相以旋轉蒸發器蒸除。固體殘留物溶於100毫升丙酮,再將溶液緩緩倒入甲基第三丁基醚(2公升)。藉由傾倒去除溶劑而分離得到蠟狀產物。此蠟狀產物進一步在減壓下乾燥。粗產物4之總產率為30.0克(64%)。產物未再純化就進行下一步操作。
在最後步驟,在200毫升二氯甲烷及200毫升去離子水的攪拌混合物中,添加粗製化合物4(30克,54.5毫莫耳)及三苯基鋶溴化物(18.71克,54.5毫莫耳)。反應在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將不同相分開。有機相以200毫升體積去離子水洗滌五次。將有機相分開。再將分出有機相加以濃縮並倒入甲基第三丁基醚製得目標光酸產生劑化合物TPS NBHFA-TFPS。
實施例1製得之光酸產生劑化合物TPS NBHFA-TFPS進行微影評估,並與習用之PAG(全氟丁烷磺酸酯三苯基鋶)比較之。將光阻劑依下述組分與比例調配。
用於微影評估(下述)之光阻劑聚合物(A1)為以下述單體M1-M5製備,方法如下述。
將含有甲基丙烯酸1-乙基環戊基酯(ECPMA,M1;20毫莫耳),甲基丙烯酸1-異丙基-金剛烷基酯(IAM,M2;20毫莫耳),2-側氧基-四氫呋喃-3-基甲基丙烯酸酯(α-GBLMA,M3;30毫莫耳),3-側氧基-4,10-二氧雜-三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸-8(或9)-基甲基丙烯酸酯(ODOTMA,M4;20毫莫耳),及甲基丙烯酸3-羥基-金剛烷基酯(HAMA,M5;10 mmol)之溶於30克四氫呋喃(THF)之溶液,以氮氣鼓泡脫氣,然後與10克除氣之THF一起注入500毫升配置有冷凝器、氮氣入口及機械攪拌器之燒瓶中。將溶液進行迴流,加入6克二甲基-2,2-偶氮二異丁酸酯(溶於5克THF)然後注入燒瓶中。之後,聚合反應之混合物在迴流下攪拌約4小時,之後反應以5克THF稀釋,並將聚合反應之混合物冷卻至室溫。加入1.0公升異丙醇將聚合物沉澱,過濾收集之,再以50克THF溶解,再添加另1.0公升異丙醇作再-沉澱,收集並以抽真空在45℃乾燥48小時得到光阻劑聚合物:聚(IAM/ECPMA/α-GBLMA/ODOTMA/HAMA)。分子量=8,000。
使用示於表1組分及比率配製光阻劑,其中重量百分率係基於組成物之總固體量。所用的鹼為第三-丁基氧基羰基-4-羥基吡啶(TBOC-4HP),而SLA(表面流平劑或表面活性劑)為PF 656,可購自Omnova。使用丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(S1)及2-羥基異丁酸甲基酯(S2)(1:1重量比)為溶劑進一步調配光阻劑。光阻劑和比較光阻劑均各稀釋至最終固體含量4重量%。
得自實施例1及比較實施例1之光阻劑依下述進行微影加工。將光阻劑旋轉塗覆在200毫米具有機抗反射塗層之矽晶圓片上(ARTM 77,陶氏電子材料公司)並在110℃烘烤60秒,以形成100奈米厚阻劑薄膜。該阻劑使用ASML/1100曝光器(ASML製造,0.75數值孔徑(NA))以ArF準分子雷射輻射(193奈米)曝光,在環形照明下,以外/內sigma 0.89/0.64及焦距偏離/步進0.10/0.05進行。以目標為線寬90奈米和節距180奈米之線-空間圖案遮罩作成特徵影像。
圖案化之阻劑經曝光後烘烤(PEB)(在100℃烘烤60秒),接著以0.26 N四甲基氫氧化銨(TMAH)水溶液進行顯影並水洗。在每一實施例中,形成線寬90奈米和節距180奈米之L/S圖案。遮罩誤差因子(MEF)及曝光寬容度(EL)係以使用日立9380 CD-SEM鏡頭擷取影像之頂向下掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM),以加速電壓800伏特(V),探頭電流為8.0微微安培(pA),及200 Kx放大倍率操作而測定。曝光寬容度(EL)定義為,對印刷+/-10%目標直徑之曝光能量差異(以大小調整能量標準化)。遮罩誤差因子(MEF)定義為,已解析光阻劑圖案之臨界尺寸(CD)變化與遮罩圖案的相對維度變化的比例。比較實施例1及實施例所得1配方以微影評估結果示於表2。
如表2,當與幾乎相同但以市售之全氟丁烷磺酸酯三苯基鋶作為PAG製備之比較光阻劑配方相比較時,使用實例1之PAG製得之本發明光阻劑配方(PR1)表現較高曝光寬容度及較低光罩誤差因子。因此,基於曝光寬容度(EL)及光罩誤差因子(MEF),本發明所得PAG顯現具有改善微影性能。
2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙酸:對含有250毫升二氯甲烷與10.1克(100毫莫耳)三乙胺之混合物,加入12.6克(100毫莫耳)之2,2-二氟-3-羥基丙酸,再將混合物置入冰浴中。將10.5克(100毫莫耳)之甲基丙烯醯氯緩慢加入燒瓶,在攪拌下反應過夜。得到之混合物以200毫升1% NaHCO3溶液洗滌,其後將溶劑除去。產物從甲醇再結晶製得2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙酸,有如預期之高產率,未再純化即將其進行如下之合成反應。
全氟丁烷磺酸酯(4-((2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙醯基)氧基)苯基-二苯基鋶:對含有5克(25.7毫莫耳)之2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙酸之100 mL二氯甲烷溶液中,加入5.3克(25.7毫莫耳)之N,N’-二環己基碳二醯亞胺及0.06克(0.5毫莫耳)之4-二甲基胺基吡啶,並攪拌一小時。對混合物再加入14.9克(25.7毫莫耳)之對-羥基苯基二苯基全氟丁烷磺酸酯,並攪拌24小時。去除溶劑後,所得混合物進一步以矽膠管柱純化,該管柱以二氯甲烷/甲醇(90/10 v/v)混合物流洗,得到6.7克(8.9毫莫耳)之純(4-((2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙醯基)氧基)苯基-二苯基鋶。
將20.0毫莫耳之 52低溫聚合引發劑(E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company)加入含35.7克(152.3毫莫耳)甲基丙烯酸2-甲基-2-金剛基酯,25.9克(152.3毫莫耳)2-甲基-丙烯酸2-側氧-四氫呋喃-3-基酯,17.4克(76.2毫莫耳)丙烯酸羥基伸萘基甲基酯,及15.1克(20.0毫莫耳)之(4-((2,2-二氟-3-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)丙醯基)氧基)苯基-二苯基鋶於100克之乙腈:四氫呋喃(2:1)混合液。將單體和引發劑溶液脫氣10分鐘。於惰性氣體環境中,將5毫升單體和引發劑溶液加入預熱至80 o C(油浴鍋)的反應器中。剩餘的單體和引發劑混合物在二小時間注入80 o C反應器中。全部加入後,將反應混合物再迴流二小時。混合物冷卻至室溫後,將聚合溶液加到大量二異丙醚中沉澱,過濾後以抽真空乾燥之。所得之粗製聚合物溶於25至30重量%四氫呋喃(THF),再以二異丙醚沉澱。沉澱聚合物以過濾單離後,在40℃下以抽真空乾燥之。聚合物鍵PAG之單體結構綜合如下表。
Claims (5)
- 一種光酸產生劑化合物,其具化學式(I):(I)R5M+R6R7 r -O3S-R1 p-Xy-(R2ZwR3)x其中,每一R1係選自(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之(C1-C10)烷基,氟(C1-C10)烷基,含有雜原子之氟(C1-C10)烷基,(C6-C10)芳基,及氟(C6-C10)芳基;每一R2為化學鍵或(C1-C30)烴基;每一R3為H或(C1-C30)烴基;R5,R6及R7分別為選自視需要經取代之碳環系芳基,烯丙基,及視需要經取代之(C1-C20)烷基;X為化學鍵或二價連接基,該二價連接基具有1至30個碳原子或具有化學式-X2 t1-(Y2=X3)X3 t2-,其中X2=O,S,或NR;Y2=C,S,或S=O;X3=O或S;t1=0或1;而t2=0或1;Z選自:乙醯乙酸酯,-C(O)-O-C(O)-R1-,-C(CF3)2O-,-COO-Rf-,-SO3-Rf-,-OCH3-z(CH2OC(=O)-Rf-)z,及包含選自氟烷基酯,氟磺酸酯,及-C(CF3)2O-之鹼反應性基團之(C5-C30)環烴基;p=0至6;w=1至3;x=1至4;y=0至5;z=1至2;r=0至1;M為S或I;。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之光酸產生劑化合物,其中,X係選自-C(O)O-,-C(O)S-,-SO3-,-S(O)-,-SO2-,及其組合。
- 一種光阻劑組成物,其包含申請專利範圍第1項所述之光酸產生劑化合物。
- 一種用以在基板上形成光阻劑浮雕影像的方法,其包 含:(a)將申請專利範圍第3項所述之光阻劑組成物之塗覆層施加至基板上;和(b)以圖案化活化輻射曝光該光阻劑塗覆層,以及將該已曝光之光阻劑層顯影而得到浮雕影像。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之方法,其進一步包含以水性鹼性顯影劑對該已曝光之光阻劑層進行顯影,從而該一或多種鹼反應性基團進行鍵斷裂反應,以提供一或多種極性基團。
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-
2011
- 2011-11-15 JP JP2011249714A patent/JP2012136507A/ja active Pending
- 2011-11-15 KR KR1020110119210A patent/KR20120052884A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-11-15 EP EP11189108A patent/EP2452932A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-15 US US13/296,949 patent/US9156785B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-15 TW TW100141550A patent/TWI541226B/zh active
- 2011-11-15 CN CN2011104625319A patent/CN102603586A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
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CN102603586A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
US9156785B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
EP2452932A2 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JP2017008068A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
KR20120052884A (ko) | 2012-05-24 |
TW201229019A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
JP2012136507A (ja) | 2012-07-19 |
US20120129108A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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