TWI464240B - 共摻雜之2-5-8氮化物 - Google Patents

共摻雜之2-5-8氮化物 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI464240B
TWI464240B TW099105745A TW99105745A TWI464240B TW I464240 B TWI464240 B TW I464240B TW 099105745 A TW099105745 A TW 099105745A TW 99105745 A TW99105745 A TW 99105745A TW I464240 B TWI464240 B TW I464240B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
cerium
phosphor
compound
doped
zirconium
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TW099105745A
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English (en)
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TW201038718A (en
Inventor
Holger Winkler
Ralf Petry
Tim Vosgroene
Thomas Juestel
Dominik Uhlich
Danuta Dutczak
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Merck Patent Gmbh
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Publication of TW201038718A publication Critical patent/TW201038718A/zh
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Description

共摻雜之2-5-8氮化物
本發明係關於由以Eu及/或Ce活化之經Hf4+ 、Zr4+ 、Li+ 、Na+ 及/或K+ 共摻雜之2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物組成之化合物,關於其製備及其於暖白色光LED或所謂的隨選色彩應用中作為磷光體及LED轉換磷光體之用途。
隨選色彩概念係意指藉由使用一或多個磷光體之pcLED(=磷光體轉換LED)方法獲得具有某一色點之光。使用此概念係(例如)為生產某些企業設計,例如用於闡明公司標誌、商標等。
磷光體轉換LED代表一重要光技術,其創新潛能導致傳統人工光源(白熾燈、放電燈等)之替代增加。雖然LED幾乎已用盡半導體技術,但是所使用之磷光體提供改善之空間。LED製造商係重複強調紅色磷光體對於(功率)LED之必要性。紅色磷光體高效及有效地用於LED之必需特性尤其係:發射能帶之波長範圍係610至620 nm(具有CRI或高CCT之一般照明),或630 nm及650 nm(用於具有大色空間之LC顯示器之背光)。
高螢光淬火溫度(TQ50 >>150℃)。
對酸及水分之高化學安定性。
高光產率,其係由激發LED之發射能帶之光譜區域內之高吸收、自磷光體至環境之高發射光萃取率及高轉換效率(QE)。
有諸多符合某些(但不是全部)上述LED製造商所要求之條件之磷光體材料系統。然而,僅符合全部條件才能顯著加速藉由LED替代傳統電子光源並導致全世界照明所需電能之減少。
發射紅色螢光且原則上可與藍光(或UV)LED組合之市售磷光體材料特定言之為:原矽酸鹽:此等物質具有高亮度及效率,但是最長發射波長為約610 nm。
硫化物、硫代鎵酸鹽及硫硒化物:此等磷光體能發射上述波長範圍。含硫材料之最大缺點係其對大氣中氧氣及水分之不安定性。兩者藉由聚矽氧黏合劑材料擴散通過至磷光體並與其反應而非常容易進入LED中,其在此期間分解。此外,僅低摻雜程度經常可在高激發密度下產生飽和現象。
氮化物及氮氧化物:共價氮化物原則上可用作磷光體之基質,因為其具有大能帶間隙,活化劑離子之HOMO及LUMO係位於其中。因為高共價性,氮化物具有大電子雲擴散效應,因此稀土活化劑(例如,Eu2+ ,Ce3+ )已激發4f5d組態之最低晶體場組分之能量下降。此導致氮化物磷光體之長波激發及發射(參見Krevel等人,J. Alloys Conmpd. 1998,268,272)。
尤其係矽氮化物與氧基矽化合物顯示一密切關係,因為兩系統皆係由SiX4 四面體(X=O、N)所建立。然而,由於矽氮化物比氧基矽化合物的縮合程度更高,所以具有比其更高的化學安定性(參見Xie等人,Sci. Tech. Adv. Mater. 2007,8,588)。
特定言之,矽氮化物係適於以活化劑離子(如Eu2+ 及Ce3+ )摻雜,其中至少一個處於激發態之電子未受晶體場(5s及5d)作用遮蔽。此等活化劑具有高度取決於環境(對稱性、共價性、配位、場強度、鍵長、晶格位置大小)之光譜特性。對照於氧之低形式電荷(O2- ),氮之高形式電荷(N3- )使矽氮化物中上述活化劑比類似Si-O材料的情況經歷較大5d軌道之晶體場分裂,且5d軌道之能量中心係偏移至更低能量。因此,該活化劑之激發及發射能帶顯示光譜紅位移。此外,相較於氧基矽化合物,矽氮化物之更穩固及更剛性的晶格導致斯托克斯(Stokes)位移減少,因此熱淬火僅發生在較高溫度下且轉換效率增加。
待公開之第一個矽氮化物磷光體系統係CaSiN2 :Eu2+ (參見Lim等人,SPIE第3241卷,1997,Photoluminescence of CaSiN2 :Eu)。此磷光體係適宜作為發射藍光及UV之LED之轉換器,因為其在此等波長範圍內激發下於約630 nm處顯示螢光。
EP 1153101及EP 1238041描述所謂具有(Ca、Sr、Ba)2-x Si5 N8 :Eux 組成之「2-5-8」矽氮化物。此等磷光體可自近-UV激發至藍光光譜區域並取決於化學組成發射橘色至深紅色光。
因此,本發明之目標係以此等化合物達到甚至更高光效率之方式改良上述2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物。
已驚人地發現,如果以四價及/或單價陽離子進行共摻雜,則可滿足進一步增加(Ca,Sr,Ba)2-x Si5 N8 :Eux 磷光體之轉換效率之經濟重要的需求。
因此,本發明係關於具銪及/或鈰摻雜之2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物型之化合物,其另外包括鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀作為共摻雜劑。
「2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物」(亦稱為「2-5-8氮化物」或「2-5-8鹼土金屬氮基矽酸鹽」)意指M2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 組合物,其中M表示鹼土金屬或複數個鹼土金屬之混合物。
較佳係式(I)化合物:
Ma2-y (Ca,Sr,Ba)1-x-y Si5-z Mez N8 :Eux Cey  (I)
其中
Ma=Li、Na及/或K
Me=Hf4+ 及/或Zr4+
x=0.0015至0.20
y=0至0.15
Z<4。
較佳係z值(其表示共摻雜劑Me之原子濃度)<1,更佳係<0.1,最佳係0.0002至0.02。
較佳係x=0.005至0.19且y=0至0.08。
相較於彼等相同組成但無共摻雜劑Hf及/或Zr者,根據本發明之式I化合物或磷光體之較高亮度可藉由熟習此項技術者已知理論以此等離子對活化劑離子之激發態壽命有影響來解釋:在發射螢光之相對短的時間之後,此等磷光體之激發電子回歸至基態,即:該等電子在相同時間間隔內可進行更多激發及鬆弛過程(參見S. Shionoya,W. M. Yen,Phosphor Handbook,CRC Press,New York,1999,ISBN 0-8493-7560-6)。
熟習此項技術者已知使用Ce3+ 共活化Eu2+ 磷光體可導致該Eu2+ 磷光體之有利特性,而使該磷光體更有效或更安定。
此外,該等共摻雜劑可具有增加效率之作用,因為其等可結合矽氮化物中所存在之非所需氧(其導致亮度或效率降低及色點位移)。
根據本發明化合物之粒徑係在50 nm與30 μm之間,較佳係1 μm與20 μm之間,更佳係2 μm與15 μm之間。
較佳可將單價離子(如Li、Na及/或K,及鹵素,如F或Cl)併入根據本發明化合物之晶格中。該等單價離子較佳係用作磷光體製備期間之助熔劑,並用於增加結晶品質、粗略設定粒徑及顆粒形態,並因此具有增加該等磷光體效率之高潛能。此程序係為熟習此項技術者已知(參見(例如)H.S. Kang等人,Mater. Science and Engineering B 121(2005)81-85)。
此外,氧及碳可以<0.2 at-%之含量存在於根據本發明之2-5-8氮化物之晶格中。已知該等物質經由助熔劑的使用或自起始材料係適宜作為該等氮化物之成分(參見Hintzen等人,Chem. Mater. 2005 17,3242-48「Synthese von Me2 Si5 N8 :Eu aus Me-Carbonaten」[Synthesis of Me2 Si5 N8 :Eu from Me carbonates]或X. Piao等人,Applied Physics Lett. 88,161908(2006)「Characterisation and luminescence properties of Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu 2 + phosphor for white light-emitting-diode illumination 」或R. Xie等人,Chem. Mater. 2006,18(23),5578-5583「A simple,efficient synthetic route to SrSiN:Eu-based red phosphors for white LED 」)。
2-5-8氮化物亦可能經Mn、Mg、Be、Ni、Co、Th及/或Ru共摻雜,其中可將F、O或C另外併入本文之晶格中。
本發明另外關於一種能藉由以固態擴散方法使含氮化矽、銪、鈰及鈣及/或鍶及/或鋇之起始材料與至少一種含鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之共摻雜劑混合及隨後進行熱後處理而獲得之化合物。
本發明另外關於一種製備經銪及/或鈰摻雜之2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物型之化合物之方法,其具有以下製程步驟:
‧ 藉由混合至少4種選自含氮化矽、銪、鈰、鈣、鍶、鋇、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料之起始材料製備經含鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料共摻雜之Eu及/或Ce摻雜的2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物,‧ 熱後處理經Hf及/或Zr共摻雜之化合物。
用於製備該化合物之起始材料係由以下各者組成(如上所述般):氮化矽(Si3 N4 )、氫化鈣、氟化銪及/或氟化鈰及至少一種含Hf、Zr、Li、Na及/或K之共摻雜劑。除較佳的氮化物、氫化物及氟化物以外,適宜的起始材料亦為其他無機及/或有機物質,如氰胺類、二氰胺類、氰化物、草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、碳酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、抗壞血酸鹽及乙醯丙酮酸鹽。
上述之熱後處理(參見製程步驟b)係在還原條件下(例如)以成形氣體(例如90/10)、純氫氣及/或在氨氣氛圍下及/或具或不具上述氛圍之氮氣或甲烷與氮氣之混合物需進行多個小時,其中此處理亦可在超大氣壓下進行。煅燒製程期間之溫度係在1000℃與1800℃之間,較佳為1200℃與1650℃之間。
借助於上述製程,可生產根據本發明化合物或磷光體之任何所需外形,如球形顆粒、薄片及結構化材料及陶瓷。該等形狀根據本發明係概括於術語「成形主體」中。該成形主體較佳係「磷光體元件」。
因此,本發明另外關於一種包含根據本發明化合物之具有粗糙表面的成形主體,該粗糙表面具有包括SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物之奈米微粒及/或包括含或不含選自銪、鈰、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀系列之摻雜劑的根據本發明化合物之顆粒。
在另一項較佳實施例中,該成形主體在LED晶片之相對側上具有結構化(例如錐形)表面(參見WO 2008/058619,Merck,將其全部範疇以引用的方式併入本發明申請案之內文中)。此可使該磷光體儘可能耦合輸出較多的光。
在成形主體上之結構化表面係藉由隨後用經已結構化之適宜材料塗覆,或在隨後步驟中藉由(光)微影製程、蝕刻製程或藉由使用能量束或材料噴射或機械力作用之寫入製程製造。
在另一項較佳實施例中,根據本發明之成形主體在LED晶片之相對側上具有粗糙表面,該粗糙表面具有包含SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或該等材料之組合之奈米微粒,及/或具有含或不含選自Mn、Mg、Be、Ni、Co、Th及/或Ru系列之摻雜劑的式I磷光體組合物之微粒。本文之粗糙表面具有至多數100 nm之粗糙度。經塗覆之表面具有可減少或避免總內反射且根據本發明磷光體可更好地耦合輸出光之優點(參見WO 2008/058619(Merck),將其全部範疇以引用的方式併入本發明申請案之內文中)。
此外,根據本發明之成形主體較佳在與晶片相對的表面上具有折射率匹配之層,其可簡化一次輻射及/或由磷光體元件所發射之輻射之耦合輸出。
在另一項較佳實施例中,該等成形主體具有一由SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物及/或由不含活化劑銪及/或鈰之式I化合物組成之連續表面塗層。此表面塗層具有適宜逐漸變化之塗料折射率能使折射率與環境相匹配之優點。在此情況下,在磷光體表面之光散射減少且較大比例之光可穿透進入磷光體並於該處被吸收及轉換。此外,因為總內反射減少,匹配折射率之表面塗層能使磷光體耦合輸出更多光。
此外,如果必須封裝該磷光體,則以連續層為宜。為了抵消磷光體或其部分對於擴散水或切身環境中之其他物質之敏感性,可能必需有此步驟。以封閉護套封裝之另一原因係實際磷光體因晶片中形成熱而熱去耦合。此熱導致磷光體之螢光光產率減少且亦影響螢光之顏色。最後,此類型之塗層藉由阻止磷光體中形成的晶格振動傳播至環境中使其可增加磷光體之效率。
此外,該成形主體較佳係具有由SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物及/或由含或不含選自Eu、Ce、Hf、Zr、Li、Na及/或K系列之摻雜劑之式I化合物組成之多孔表面塗層。此等多孔塗層提供進一步降低單層折射率之可能性。此類型之多孔塗層可藉由三種習知方法製造,如WO 03/027015(將其全部範疇以引用的方式併入本發明申請案之內文)中所述:玻璃之蝕刻(例如鈉鈣玻璃(參見US 4019884))、多孔層之應用及多孔層與蝕刻方法之組合。
在另一項較佳實施例中,該成形主體具有表面,該表面具有利於化學或物理鍵結至較佳由環氧樹脂或聚矽氧樹脂組成之環境之官能基。此等官能基可係酯類或其他(例如)經由能與基於環氧化物及/或聚矽氧之黏合劑成分形成連接之氧基鍵結之衍生物。此類型之表面具有利於均質混合磷光體至黏合劑中之優點。此外,因此可將磷光體/黏合劑系統之流變特性以及適用期調整至某一程度。因此簡化混合物之處理。在此連接中物理鍵結至環境意指該等系統之間經由電荷波動或部分電荷之靜電相互作用。
因為塗覆至LED晶片中之根據本發明磷光體層較佳係由聚矽氧及均質磷光體微粒之混合物組成,且該聚矽氧具有表面張力,所以此磷光體層在微觀級下係不均一或該層之厚度係完全不固定。
作為另一項較佳實施例,薄片形磷光體係藉由習知方法自相應金屬及/或稀土鹽製備。該製備方法係詳細描述於EP 763573及WO 2008/058620中,將其等之全部範疇以引用的方式併入本發明申請案之內文中。此等薄片形磷光體可藉由在水性分散液或懸浮液中之沉澱反應,利用磷光體層塗覆天然或合成製造之具有極大縱橫比、原子級光滑表面及可調整厚度的高穩固性支撐體或基板(其包括(例如)雲母薄片、SiO2 薄片、Al2 O3 薄片、ZrO2 薄片、玻璃薄片或TiO2 薄片)而製得。除了雲母、ZrO2 、SiO2 、Al2 O3 、玻璃或TiO2 或其混合物以外,該等薄片亦可由磷光體材料本身組成或自一材料建立。如果該薄片本身僅作為磷光體塗層之支撐體,則後者必須係由對來自LED之一次輻射為透明或吸收該一次輻射並傳送此能量至磷光體層之材料組成。該薄片形磷光體係分散於樹脂中(例如聚矽氧或環氧樹脂),及此分散液係塗覆至LED晶片上。
該薄片形磷光體可以厚度為50 nm至約20 μm,較佳在150 nm與5 μm之間的大工業規模製得。本文之直徑係50 nm至20 μm。
其等一般所具有之縱橫比(直徑對微粒厚度之比例)係1:1至400:1,及尤其係3:1至100:1。
薄片尺寸(長度×寬度)係取決於配置。薄片亦係適宜作為轉化層內之散射中心,尤其係如果其具有特別小的尺寸。
面對LED晶片之根據本發明薄片形磷光體之表面可具備一具有相對於LED晶片所發射之一次輻射具有反射減少作用之塗層。此使一次輻射之反向散射減少,增強後者與根據本發明之磷光體元件之耦合。適於此目的者係(例如)折射率匹配之塗層,其必須具有下列厚度d:d=[來自LED晶片之一次輻射之波長/(4*磷光體陶瓷之折射率)],參見(例如)Gerthsen,Physik[Physics],Springer Verlag,第18版,1995。此塗層亦可由光子晶體組成,其亦包括結構化薄片形磷光體之表面以實現某些功能。
製備呈陶瓷元件形式之根據本發明成形主體係以類似於WO 2008/017353(Merck)中所描述之方法進行,將其全部範疇以引用的方式併入本發明申請案之內文中。本文之磷光體係藉由相應起始材料及摻雜劑混合,隨後均衡擠壓混合物並以均質、薄且無孔薄片形式將該混合物直接塗覆在晶片表面或離晶片一段距離處(遠端磷光體概念)的方式製備。各別配置尤其取決於LED裝置之結構,熟習此項技術者能選擇有利的配置。磷光體之激發及發射因此發生無位置依賴性之變化,使其所提供之該LED發射固定色彩之均質錐形光束並具有高光功率。該陶瓷磷光體元件可以大型工業規模生產,例如厚度為數100 nm至約500 μm之薄片。
該薄片尺寸(長度×寬度)係取決於配置。在直接塗覆於晶片之情況下,該薄片之尺寸應根據在適宜的晶片配置(例如覆晶配置)或對應情況下具有晶片表面之約10%至30%之某一超出尺寸之晶片尺寸(約100 μm*100 μm至數mm2 )選擇。如果該磷光體薄片係安裝於完成LED之頂端,則所有發射之錐形光束將碰撞該薄片。
該陶瓷磷光體元件之側表面可以輕或貴金屬(較佳係鋁或銀)金屬化。該金屬化具有使光不會自磷光體元件側面射出之作用。光側面射出會減少LED耦合輸出之光通量。該陶瓷磷光體元件之金屬化係在均衡擠壓以獲得桿狀物或薄片後之製程步驟進行,其中若需要,該等桿狀物或薄片可先切割成所需尺寸,再金屬化。為此目的,將側表面(例如)經硝酸銀及葡萄糖溶液潤濕,及隨後將其暴露於高溫下氨氣氛圍中。在此操作期間,在側表面上形成(例如)銀塗層。
或者,無電鍍金屬化方法係適宜的,參見(例如)Hollemann-Wiberg,Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie[Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry],Walter de Gruyter Verlag、或Ullmanns Enzyklopdie der chemischen Technologie[Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Chemical Techonology]。
如果需要,可使用水玻璃溶液將該陶瓷磷光體元件固定至LED晶片之基板上。
在另一項實施例中,該陶瓷磷光體元件在LED晶片之相對側上具有結構化(例如錐形)表面。此能使磷光體元件儘可能耦合輸出較多的光。在磷光體元件上之結構化表面係藉由使用具有結構化擠壓盤之模子進行均衡擠壓並因此將結構壓印至該表面的方式製得。如果目標係製造最薄的可能磷光體元件或薄片,則需要結構化表面。擠壓條件係熟習此項技術者已知(參見J. Kriegsmann,Technische keramische Werkstoffe [Industrial Ceramic Materials],第4章,Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst,1998)。重要的是,所使用之擠壓溫度為待擠壓物質之熔點之2/3至5/6。
本發明另外關於一種製備成形主體,較佳為磷光體元件之方法,其具有下列製程步驟:
a)藉由混合至少4種選自含氮化矽、銪、鈰、鈣、鍶、鋇、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料之起始材料,製備經含鉿及/或鋯之材料共摻雜的銪摻雜之2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物化合物,
b)熱後處理該共摻雜之化合物並形成一具有粗糙表面之成形主體,
c)以包括SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物之奈米微粒或以包括根據本發明化合物之奈米微粒塗覆該粗糙表面。
此外,根據本發明之磷光體可在寬範圍內激發,該範圍係由約250 nm延伸至530 nm,較佳為430 nm延伸至約500 nm。因此,此等磷光體不僅適於藉由發射UV或藍光之一次光源(如LED或習知放電燈(例如基於Hg者)),而且亦適於類似彼等利用451 nm之藍光In3+ 線之光源激發。
本發明另外關於一種具有至少一種發射最大值在250 nm至530 nm之範圍,較佳為430 nm至約500 nm,特佳為440與480 nm之間之範圍之一次光源的發光單元,其中該一次輻射係藉由根據本發明之化合物或磷光體部分或完全轉換為較長波長之輻射。此發光單元較佳係發射白光或發射具有某一色點之光(隨選色彩原則)。根據本發明之發光單元之較佳實施例係描述於圖9至20中。
在根據本發明發光單元之一項較佳實施例中,該光源係發光氮化鋁鎵銦,尤其係式Ini Gaj Alk N者,其中0i,0j,0k,及i+j+k=1。此類型光源之可能形式係為熟習此項技術者已知。其可係具有各種結構之發光LED晶片。
在根據本發明發光單元之另一項較佳實施例中,該光源係一基於ZnO、TCO(透明傳導氧化物)、ZnSe或SiC之發光配置或有機發光配置(OLED)。
在根據本發明發光單元之另一項較佳實施例中,該光源係一顯示電致發光及/或光致發光之源。此外,該光源亦可係電漿或放電源。
根據本發明之磷光體可分散於樹脂中(例如環氧樹脂或聚矽氧樹脂),或依適宜的尺寸比例直接配置於一次光源上,或根據應用遠離其配置(後一配置亦包括「遠端磷光體技術」)。遠端磷光體技術之優點係為熟習此項技術者已知並揭示於(例如)下列公開案中:Japanese Journ. of Appl. Phys.第44卷,第21號(2005). L649-L651。
在另一項實施例中,在磷光體與一次光源間之發光單元之光學耦合較佳係藉由光傳導配置方法實現。此能使一次光源安裝在中心位置處並藉由光傳導裝置(如(例如)光傳導纖維)之方法光學耦合至磷光體。依此方式可實現與發光願景相配且僅由一或不同個可經配置以形成光屏之磷光體及耦合至一次光源之光傳導器組成之燈。依此方法可在有利於電力設備之位置安置一強一次光源,且可在任何所需位置安裝包括耦合至光傳導器之磷光體之燈而無需其他電纜,但僅由操作光傳導器替代。
本發明另外關於根據本發明之化合物及成形主體作為磷光體或磷光體元件之用途。
本發明另外關於根據本發明之化合物用於部分或完全轉換來自發光二極體之藍光或近-UV發射之用途。
此外,根據本發明之化合物較佳係用於將藍光或近-UV發射轉換成可見白色輻射。此外,根據本發明之化合物較佳係用於根據「隨選色彩」概念將一次輻射轉換成某一色點。
根據本發明之式I化合物可個別或以混合物形式使用下列熟習此項技術者熟知的磷光體:Ba2 SiO4 :Eu2+ ,BaSi2 O5 :Pb2+ ,Bax Sri1-x F2 :Eu2+ ,BaSrMgSi2 O7 :Eu2+ ,BaTiP2 O7 ,(Ba,Ti)2 P2 O7 :Ti,Ba3 WO6 :U,BaY2 F8 Er3+ ,Yb+ ,Be2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,Bi4 Ge3 O12 ,CaAl2 O4 :Ce3+ ,CaLa4 O7 :Ce3+ ,CaAl2 O4 :Eu2+ ,CaAl2 O4 :Mn2+ ,CaAl4 O7 :Pb2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaAl2 O4 :Tb3+ ,Ca3 Al2 Si3 O12 :Ce3+ ,Ca3 Al2 Si3 Oi2 :Ce3+ ,Ca3 Al2 Si3 O,2 :Eu2+ ,Ca2 B5 O9 Br:Eu2+ ,Ca2 B5 O9 Cl:Eu2+ ,Ca2 B5 O9 Cl:Pb2+ ,CaB2 O4 :Mn2+ ,Ca2 B2 O5 :Mn2+ ,CaB2 O4 :Pb2+ ,CaB2 P2 O9 :Eu2+ ,Ca5 B2 SiO10 :Eu3+ ,Ca0.5 Ba0.5 Al12 O19 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,Ca2 Ba3 (PO4 )3 Cl:Eu2+ ,CaBr2 :Eu2+ in SiO2 ,CaCl2 :Eu2+ in SiO2 ,CaCl2 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ in SiO2 ,CaF2 :Ce3+ ,CaF2 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,CaF2 :Ce3+ ,Tb3+ ,CaF2 :Eu2+ ,CaF2 :Mn2+ ,CaF2 :U,CaGa2 O4 :Mn2+ ,CaGa4 O7 :Mn2+ ,CaGa2 S4 :Ce3+ ,CaGa2 S4 :Eu2+ ,CaGa2 S4 :Mn2+ ,CaGa2 S4 :Pb2+ ,CaGeO3 :Mn2+ ,CaI2 :Eu2+ in SiO2 ,CaI2 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ in SiO2 ,CaLaBO4 :Eu3+ ,CaLaB3 O7 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,Ca2 La2 BO6.5 :Pb2+ ,Ca2 MgSi2 O7 ,Ca2 MgSi2 O7 :Ce3+ ,CaMgSi2 O6 :Eu2+ ,Ca3 MgSi2 O8 :Eu2+ ,Ca2 MgSi2 O7 :Eu2+ ,CaMgSi2 O6 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,Ca2 MgSi2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaMoO4 ,CaMoO4 :Eu3+ ,CaO:Bi3+ ,CaO:Cd2+ ,CaO:Cu+ ,CaO:Eu3+ ,CaO:Eu3+ ,Na+ ,CaO:Mn2+ ,CaO:Pb2+ ,CaO:Sb3+ ,CaO:Sm3+ ,CaO:Tb3+ ,CaO:Tl,CaO:Zn2+ ,Ca2 P2 O7 :Ce3+ ,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Ce3+ ,β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Ce3+ ,Ca5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Eu2+ ,Ca5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Mn2+ ,Ca5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Sb3+ ,Ca5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Sn2+ ,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,Ca5 (PO4 )3 F:Mn2+ ,Cas (PO4 )3 F:Sb3+ ,Cas (PO4 )3 F:Sn2+ ,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Eu2+ ,β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Eu2+ ,Ca2 P2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Ca2 P2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaP2 O6 :Mn2+ ,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Pb2+ ,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ ,β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ ,β-Ca2 P2 O7 :Sn,Mn,α-Ca3 (PO4 )2 :Tr,CaS:Bi3+ ,CaS:Bi3+ ,Na,CaS:Ce3+ ,CaS:Eu2+ ,CaS:Cu+ ,Na+ ,CaS:La3+ ,CaS:Mn2+ ,CaSO4 :Bi,CaSO4 :Ce3+ ,CaSO4 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,CaSO4 :Eu2+ ,CaSO4 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaSO4 :Pb2+ ,CaS:Pb2+ ,CaS:Pb2+ ,Cl,CaS:Pb2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaS:Pr3+ ,Pb2+ ,Cl,CaS:Sb3+ ,CaS:Sb3+ ,Na,CaS:Sm3+ ,CaS:Sn2+ ,CaS:Sn2+ ,F,CaS:Tb3+ ,CaS:Tb3+ ,Cl,CaS:Y3+ ,CaS:Yb2+ ,CaS:Yb2+ ,Cl,CaSiO3 :Ce3+ ,Ca3 SiO4 Cl2 :Eu2+ ,Ca3 SiO4 Cl2 :Pb2+ ,CaSiO3 :Eu2+ ,CaSiO3 :Mn2+ ,Pb,CaSiO3 :Pb2+ ,CaSiO3 :Pb2+ ,Mn2+ ,CaSiO3 :Ti4+ ,CaSr2 (PO4 )2 :Bi3+ ,β-(Ca,Sr)3 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ Mn2+ ,CaTi0‧9 Al0‧1 O3 :Bi3+ ,CaTiO3 :Eu3+ ,CaTiO3 :Pr3+ ,Ca5 (VO4 )3 Cl,CaWO4 ,CaWO4 :Pb2+ ,CaWO4 :W,Ca3 WO6 :U,CaYAlO4 :Eu3+ ,CaYBO4 :Bi3+ ,CaYBO4 :Eu3+ ,CaYB0.8 O3.7 :Eu3+ ,CaY2 ZrO6 :Eu3+ ,(Ca,Zn,Mg)3 (PO4 )2 :Sn,CeF3 ,(Ce,Mg)BaAl11 O18 :Ce,(Ce,Mg)SrAl11 O18 :Ce,CeMgAl11 O19 :Ce:Tb,Cd2 B6 O11 :Mn2+ ,CdS:Ag+ ,Cr,CdS:In,CdS:In,CdS:In,Te,CdS:Te,CdWO4 ,CsF,Csl,CsI:Na+ ,CsI:Tl,(ErCl3 )0.25 (BaCl2 )0.75 ,GaN:Zn,Gd3 Ga5 O12 :Cr3+ ,Gd3 Ga5 O12 :Cr,Ce,GdNbO4 :Bi3+ ,Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ ,Gd2 O2 Pr3+ ,Gd2 O2 S:Pr,Ce,F,Gd2 O2 S:Tb3+ ,Gd2 SiO5 :Ce3+ ,KAI11 O17 :Tl+ ,KGa11 O17 :Mn2+ ,K2 La2 Ti3 O10 :Eu,KMgF3 :Eu2+ ,KMgF3 :Mn2+ ,K2 SiF6 :Mn4+ ,LaAl3 B4 O12 :Eu3+ ,LaAlB2 O6 :Eu3+ ,LaAlO3 :Eu3+ ,LaAlO3 :Sm3+ ,LaAsO4 :Eu3+ ,LaBr3 :Ce3+ ,LaBO3 :Eu3+ ,(La,Ce,Tb)PO4 :Ce:Tb,LaCl3 :Ce3+ ,La2 O3 :Bi3+ ,LaOBr:Tb3+ ,LaOBr:Tm3+ ,LaOCl:Bi3+ ,LaOCl:Eu3+ ,LaOF:Eu3+ ,La2 O3 :Eu3+ ,La2 O3 :Pr3+ ,La2 O2 S:Tb3+ ,LaPO4 :Ce3+ ,LaPO4 :Eu3+ ,LaSiO3 Cl:Ce3+ ,LaSiO3 Cl:Ce3+ ,Tb3+ ,LaVO4 :Eu3+ ,La2 W3 O12 :Eu3+ ,LiAlF4 :Mn2+ ,LiAl5 O8 :Fe3+ ,LiAlO2 :Fe3+ ,LiAlO2 :Mn2+ ,LiAl5 O8 :Mn2+ ,Li2 CaP2 O7 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,LiCeBa4 Si4 O14 :Mn2+ ,LiCeSrBa3 Si4 O14 :Mn2+ ,LiInO2 :Eu3+ ,LiInO2 :Sm3+ ,LiLaO2 :Eu3+ ,LuAlO3 :Ce3+ ,(Lu,Gd)2 SiO5 :Ce3+ ,Lu2 SiO5 :Ce3+ ,Lu2 Si2 O7 :Ce3+ ,LuTaO4 :Nb5+ ,Lu1-x Yx AlO3 :Ce3+ ,MgAl2 O4 :Mn2+ ,MgSrAl10 O17 :Ce,MgB2 O4 :Mn2+ ,MgBa2 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ ,MgBa2 (PO4 )2 :U,MgBaP2 O7 :Eu2+ ,MgBaP2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,MgBa3 Si2 O8 :Eu2+ ,MgBa(SO4 )2 :Eu2+ ,Mg3 Ca3 (PO4 )4 :Eu2+ ,MgCaP2 O7 :Mn2+ ,Mg2 Ca(SO4 )3 :Eu2+ ,Mg2 Ca(SO4 )3 :Eu2+ ,Mn2 ,MgCeAln O19 :Tb3+ ,Mg4 (F)GeO6 :Mn2+ ,Mg4 (F)(Ge,Sn)O6 :Mn2+ ,MgF2 :Mn2+ ,MgGa2 O4 :Mn2+ ,Mg8 Ge2 O11 F2 :Mn4+ ,MgS:Eu2+ ,MgSiO3 :Mn2+ ,Mg2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,Mg3 SiO3 F4 :Ti4+ ,MgSO4 :Eu2+ ,MgSO4 :Pb2+ ,MgSrBa2 Si2 O7 :Eu2+ ,MgSrP2 O7 :Eu2+ ,MgSr5 (PO4 )4 :Sn2+ ,MgSr3 Si2 O8 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,Mg2 Sr(SO4 )3 :Eu2+ ,Mg2 TiO4 :Mn4+ ,MgWO4 ,MgYBO4 :Eu3+ ,Na3 Ce(PO4 )2 :Tb3+ ,NaI:Tl,Na1‧23 KO‧42 Eu0‧12 TiSi4 O11 :Eu3+ ,Na1.23 K0.42 Eu0.12 TiSi5 O13 .xH2 O:Eu3+ ,Na1.29 K0.46 Er0.08 TiSi4 O11 :Eu3+ ,Na2 Mg3 Al2 Si2 O10 :Tb,Na(Mg2-x Mnx )LiSi4 O10 F2 :Mn,NaYF4 :Er3+ ,Yb3+ ,NaYO2 :Eu3+ ,P46(70%)+P47(30%),SrAl12 O19 :Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,SrAl2 O4 :Eu2+ ,SrAl4 O7 :Eu3+ ,SrAl12 O19 :Eu2+ ,SrAl2 S4 :Eu2+ ,Sr2 B5 O9 Cl:Eu2+ ,SrB4 O7 :Eu2+ (F,Cl,Br),SrB4 O7 :Pb2+ ,SrB4 O7 :Pb2+ ,Mn2+ ,SrB8 O13 :Sm2+ ,Srx Bay Clz Al2 O4-z/2 :Mn2+ ,Ce3+ ,SrBaSiO4 :Eu2+ ,Sr(Cl,Br,I)2 :Eu2+ in SiO2 ,SrCl2 :Eu2+ in SiO2 ,Sr5 Cl(PO4 )3 :Eu,Srw Fx B4 O6.5 :Eu2 +,Srw Fx By Oz :Eu2+ ,Sm2+ ,SrF2 :Eu2+ ,SrGa12 O19 :Mn2+ ,SrGa2 S4 :Ce3+ ,SrGa2 S4 :Eu2+ ,SrGa2 S4 :Pb2+ ,SrIn2 O4 :Pr3+ ,Al3+ ,(Sr,Mg)3 (PO4 )2 :Sn,SrMgSi2 O6 :Eu2+ ,Sr2 MgSi2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Sr3 MgSi2 O8 :Eu2 +,SrMoO4 :U,SrO.3B2 O3 :Eu2+ ,Cl,β-SrO.3B2 O3 :Pb2+ ,β-SrO.3B2 O3 :Pb2+ ,Mn2+ ,α-SrO.3B2 O3 :Sm2+ ,Sr6 P5 BO20 :Eu,Sr5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Eu2+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Eu2+ ,Pr3+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Mn2+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 Cl:Sb3+ ,Sr2 P2 O7 :Eu2+ ,β-Sr3 (PO4 )2 :Eu2+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 F:Mn2+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 F:Sb3+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 F:Sb3+ ,Mn2+ ,Sr5 (PO4 )3 F:Sn2+ ,Sr2 P2 O7 :Sn2+ ,β-Sr3 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ ,β-Sr3 (PO4 )2 :Sn2+ ,Mn2+ (Al),SrS:Ce3+ ,SrS:Eu2+ ,SrS:Mn2+ ,SrS:Cu+ ,Na,SrSO4 :Bi,SrSO4 :Ce3+ ,SrSO4 :Eu2+ ,SrSO4 :Eu2+ ,Mn2+ ,Sr5 Si4 O10 Cl6 :Eu2+ ,Sr2 SiO4 :Eu2+ ,SrTiO3 :Pr3+ ,SrTiO3 :Pr3+ ,Al3+ ,Sr3 WO6 :U,SrY2 O3 :Eu3+ ,ThO2 :Eu3+ ,ThO2 :Pr3+ ,ThO2 :Tb3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Bi3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Ce3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Ce3+ ,Mn,YAl3 B4 O12 :Ce3+ ,Tb3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Eu3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Eu3+ ,Cr3+ ,YAl3 B4 O12 :Th4+ ,Ce3+ ,Mn2+ ,YAlO3 :Ce3+ ,Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ ,Y3 Al5 O12 :Cr3+ ,YAlO3 :Eu3+ ,Y3 Al5 O12 :Eu3r ,Y4 Al2 O9 :Eu3+ ,Y3 Al5 O12 :Mn4+ ,YAlO3 :Sm3+ ,YAlO3 :Tb3+ ,Y3 Al5 O12 :Tb3+ ,YAsO4 :Eu3+ ,YBO3 :Ce3+ ,YBO3 :Eu3+ ,YF3 :Er3 +,Yb3+ ,YF3 :Mn2+ ,YF3 :Mn2+ ,Th4+ ,YF3 :Tm3+ ,Yb3+ ,(Y,Gd)BO3 :Eu,(Y,Gd)BO3 :Tb,(Y,Gd)2 O3 :Eu3+ ,Y1.34 Gd0.60 O3 (Eu,Pr),Y2 O3 :Bi3+ ,YOBr:Eu3+ ,Y2 O3 :Ce,Y2 O3 :Er3+ ,Y2 O3 :Eu3+ (YOE),Y2 O3 :Ce3+ ,Tb3+ ,YOCl:Ce3+ ,YOCl:Eu3+ ,YOF:Eu3+ ,YOF:Tb3+ ,Y2 O3 :Ho3+ ,Y2 O2 S:Eu3+ ,Y2 O2 S:Pr3+ ,Y2 O2 S:Tb3+ ,Y2 O3 :Tb3+ ,YPO4 :Ce3+ ,YPO4 :Ce3+ ,Tb3+ ,YPO4 :Eu3+ ,YPO4 :Mn2+ ,Th4+ ,YPO4 :V5+ ,Y(P,V)O4 :Eu,Y2 SiO5 :Ce3+ ,YTaO4 ,YTaO4 :Nb5+ ,YVO4 :Dy3+ ,YVO4 :Eu3+ ,ZnAl2 O4 :Mn2+ ,ZnB2 O4 :Mn2+ ,ZnBa2 S3 :Mn2+ ,(Zn,Be)2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,Zn0.4 Cd0.6 S:Ag,Zn0.6 Cd0.4 S:Ag,(Zn,Cd)S:Ag,Cl,(Zn,Cd)S:Cu,ZnF2 :Mn2+ ,ZnGa2 O4 ,ZnGa2 O4 :Mn2+ ,ZnGa2 S4 :Mn2+ ,Zn2 GeO4 :Mn2+ ,(Zn,Mg)F2 :Mn2+ ,ZnMg2 (PO4 )2 :Mn2+ ,(Zn,Mg)3 (PO4 )2 :Mn2+ ,ZnO:Al3+ ,Ga3+ ,ZnO:Bi3+ ,ZnO:Ga3+ ,ZnO:Ga,ZnO-CdO:Ga,ZnO:S,ZnO:Se,ZnO:Zn,ZnS:Ag+ ,Cl- ,ZnS:Ag,Cu,Cl,ZnS:Ag,Ni,ZnS:Au,In,ZnS-CdS(25-75),ZnS-CdS(50-50),ZnS-CdS(75-25),ZnS-CdS:Ag,Br,Ni,ZnS-CdS:Ag+ ,Cl,ZnS-CdS:Cu,Br,ZnS-CdS:Cu,I,ZnS:Cl- ,ZnS:Eu2+ ,ZnS:Cu,ZnS:Cu+ ,Al3+ ,ZnS:Cu+ ,Cl- ,ZnS:Cu,Sn,ZnS:Eu2+ ,ZnS:Mn2+ ,ZnS:Mn,Cu,ZnS:Mn2+ ,Te2+ ,ZnS:P,ZnS:P3- ,Cl- ,ZnS:Pb2+ ,ZnS:Pb2+ ,Cl- ,ZnS:Pb,Cu,Zn3 (PO4 )2 :Mn2+ ,Zn2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,Zn2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,As5+ ,Zn2 SiO4 :Mn,Sb2 O2 ,Zn2 SiO4 :Mn2+ ,P,Zn2 SiO4 :Ti4+ ,ZnS:Sn2+ ,ZnS:Sn,Ag,ZnS:Sn2+ ,Li+ ,ZnS:Te,Mn,ZnS-ZnTe:Mn2+ ,ZnSe:Cu+ ,Cl,ZnWO4
下列實例意欲闡述本發明。然而,絕不應將其視作限制。所有組合物中可使用之化合物或組分係已知且可購得或可藉由已知方法合成得到。實施中所指之溫度總是以℃提供。無需多言,在描述以及實例中,組合物中組分之添加量合計總是總和為100%。總應將所提供之百分比數據視為既定關係。但是,其通常總是相對於所指部分量或總量之重量。
實例1. 製備共摻雜之Ca 2 Si 5 N 8 :E u(其包括2%及10%之Eu)
實例1a :製備作為參考磷光體之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)將2.8730 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、0.2479 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)及6.9356 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合,及隨後轉移至內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例1b :製備經0.1% Hf共摻雜之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將2.4428 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、0.2477 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0151 g之HfF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及6.9299 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合,及隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例1c :製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將2.4441 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、0.2479 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0099 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 98%)及6.9335 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例1d :製備作為參考磷光體之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(10%)
將2.1342 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、1.1772 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)及6.5858 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例1e :製備經0.1% Hf共摻雜之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(10%)
將2.1302 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、1.1762 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0143 g之HfF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及6.5807 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後轉入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝轉入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例1f :製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Ca2 Si5 N8 :Eu(10%)
將2.1312 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、1.1768 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0094 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及6.5839 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)清洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
2. 製備共摻雜之Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu(其包括2%之Eu)
實例2a :製備作為參考磷光體之Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將4.4164 g之Sr3 N2 、0.1942 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)及5.4337 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例2b :製備經0.1% Hf共摻雜之Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將4.4100 g之Sr3 N2 、0.1942 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0118 g之HfF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及5.4314 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例2c :製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將4.4118 g之Sr3 N2 、0.1942 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0078 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及5.4336 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
3. 製備共摻雜之Ba 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu(其包括2%之Eu)
實例3a :製備作為參考磷光體之Ba2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將5.4472 g之Ba3 N2 、0.1584 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)及4.4305 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例3b :製備經0.1% Hf共摻雜之Ba2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將5.4408 g之Ba3 N2 、0.1584 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0096 g之HfF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及4.4298 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例3c :製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Ba2 Si5 N8 :Eu(2%)
將5.4426 g之Ba3 N2 、0.1584 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0063 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)及4.4313 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例4:製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Na 2 Ca 0.98 Zr 0.001 Si 4.999 N 8 :Eu 0.02 (其包括2%之Eu)
將0.81469 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、0.9288 g之NaH(95%,Sigma Aldrich)、0.2479 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0099 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 98%)及6.9335 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
實例5:製備經0.1% Zr共摻雜之Na 1.99 Ca 0.97 Z r 0 .001 Si 4.999 N 8 :Eu 0.02 Ce 0.01 (其包括2%之Eu及1%之Ce)
將0.7897 g之CaH2 (Alfa Aesar 99.8%)、0.9146 g之NaH(95%,Sigma Aldrich)、0.2479 g之EuF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.1169 g之CeF3 (ChemPur 99.9%)、0.0099 g之ZrF4 (Alfa Aesar 98%)及6.9335 g之Si3 N4 (UBE 99.99%)於排除氧氣及水分之手套箱中彼此密切混合並隨後移入內襯有鉬之剛玉坩堝中。隨後將坩堝移入經成形氣體(N2 /H2 =90/10)沖洗之管狀爐中並在關閉該爐後,在1400℃下煅燒14 h。最終,將所得燒結餅磨碎、過篩並分類。
圖9
1...發光二極體
2...反射器
3...樹脂
4...轉換磷光體
5...散射器
6...電極
7...扁平電纜
圖10及11
1...半導體晶片
2...電接點
3...電接點
4...轉換磷光體
7...電路板
圖12
1...半導體晶片
2...電接點
3...電接點
4...於具有反射器之空腔中之轉換磷光體
圖13
1...罩殼
2...電接點
4...半導體晶片
圖14
1...罩殼
2...電接點
3...電接點
4...轉換磷光體
圖15
1...轉換磷光體
2...晶片
3...電接點
4...電接點
5...用透明樹脂之鏡片
圖16及17
1...半導體晶片
2...電接點
3...電接點
4...轉換磷光體
5...接合線
圖18
30...有機膜
31...有機發光二極體
32...透明基板
33...磷光體層
參考諸多工作實例將本發明更詳細地說明於上。圖式顯示於下。
圖1 :顯示在450 nm之激發波長下,Ca1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 及共摻雜之磷光體之發射光譜。在此:a)表示非共摻雜之磷光體,b)表示經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Ca1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,及c)表示經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Ca1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02
圖2 :顯示圖1之細節放大以更好區別。b)及c)之發射光譜大約相同。
圖3 :顯示在450 nm之激發波長下,Sr1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 及共摻雜之磷光體之發射光譜。在此:a)表示非共摻雜之磷光體,b)表示經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Sr1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,及c)表示經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Sr1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02
圖4 :顯示在450 nm之激發波長下,根據本發明之Ba1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 及共摻雜之磷光體之發射光譜。a)表示非共摻雜之磷光體,b)表示經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Ba1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,及c)表示經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Ba1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02
圖5 :顯示圖4之細節放大以更好區別發射光譜,。
圖6 :顯示a)非共摻雜之磷光體,b)經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Ca1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,c)經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Ca1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 之X-射線粉末繞射圖。
圖7 :顯示a)非共摻雜之磷光體,b)經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Sr1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,c)經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Sr1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 之X-射線粉末繞射圖。
圖8 :顯示a)非共摻雜之磷光體,b)經0.1%之Zr共摻雜之Ba1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 ,c)經0.1%之Hf共摻雜之Ba1.98 Si5 N8 :Eu0.02 之X-射線粉末繞射圖。
圖9 :顯示具有含磷光體之塗層之發光二極體之示意圖。該組件包括類似晶片之LED 1作為輻射源。該LED係安裝於一杯狀反射器內,其係藉由調整架2支持。該晶片1係經由扁面電纜7連接至第一接點6並直接連接至第二電接點6'。包括根據本發明之轉換磷光體之塗層塗覆於反射器杯之內側曲面上。該等磷光體係彼此分開或以混合物形式使用。(組件編號列:1發光二極體、2反射器、3樹脂、4轉換磷光體、5散射器、6電極、7扁平電纜)
圖10 :顯示一InGaN型之COB(晶片直接黏附在電路板上)封裝物,其係用作為白光之光源(LED)(1=半導體晶片;2、3=電接點;4=轉換磷光體;7=電路板)。該磷光體係分佈於一黏合劑鏡片中,其同時表示第二光學元件且如鏡片影響光發射特性。
圖11 :顯示一InGaN型之COB(晶片直接黏附在電路板上)封裝物,其係用作為白光之光源(LED)(1=半導體晶片;2、3=電接點;4=轉換磷光體;7=電路板)。該磷光體係位於一直接分佈於該LED晶片上之黏合劑薄層內。其上可放置由透明材料組成之第二光學元件。
圖12 :顯示用作為白光之光源(LED)之封裝物(1=半導體晶片;2、3=電接點;4=於具有反射器之空腔中之轉換磷光體)。該轉換磷光體係分散於黏合劑中並以該混合物充填該空腔。
圖13 :顯示一封裝物,其中1=罩殼;2=電接點;4=半導體晶片,且該空腔底部之該鏡片係經根據本發明之轉換磷光體完全充填。此封裝物具有可使用較大量之轉換磷光體之優點。此亦可用作為遠端磷光體。
圖14 :顯示一SMD(表面黏著型裝置)封裝物,其中1=罩殼;2、3=電接點;4=轉換磷光體。該半導體晶片係藉由根據本發明之磷光體完全轉換。該SMD設計具有其具有小物理形狀且因此剛好放入習知燈中之優點。
圖15 :顯示一T5封裝物,其中1=轉換磷光體;2=晶片;3、4=電接點;5=具透明樹脂之鏡片。該轉換磷光體係位於該LED晶片之背面,其具有該磷光體係經由金屬接點冷卻之優點。
圖16 :顯示一發光二極體之示意圖,其中1=半導體晶片;2、3=電接點;4=轉換磷光體;5=接合線,其中該磷光體係塗覆於黏合劑中以作為頂端球狀物。此形式之磷光體/黏合劑層可作為第二光學元件並影響(例如)光傳播。
圖17 :顯示一發光二極體之示意圖,其中1=半導體晶片;2、3=電接點;4=轉換磷光體;5=接合線,其中該磷光體係以分散於黏合劑中之薄層形式塗覆。作為第二光學元件(如(例如)鏡片)之另一組分可容易塗覆於此層。
圖18 :顯示另一應用如自US-B 6,700,322原則上已知之實例。根據本發明之磷光體係與OLED一起用於此。該光源係有機發光二極體31,其係由實際有機膜30及一透明基板32組成。該膜30發射,尤其係(例如)藉由PVK:PBD:香豆素(PVK係聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)之縮寫;PBD係2-(4-聯苯基)-5-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑之縮寫)所產生之藍光一次光。該發射係部分轉換成黃光,其次藉由自根據本發明之磷光體層33所形成之轉換層發射光,使得白光發射整個係經由一次及二次發射光之色彩混合而實現。該OLED基本上係由至少一個發光聚合物層或所謂兩個電極間之小分子組成,其係由本身已知之材料組成,如(例如)ITO(氧化銦錫之縮寫)作為陽極,及高活性金屬(如(例如)Ba或Ca)作為陰極。在電極之間亦經常使用複數個層,其係用作為電洞傳輸層或在小分子領域內,亦作為電子傳輸層。所用發射聚合物係(例如)聚茀類或聚螺材料。
(無元件符號說明)

Claims (18)

  1. 一種具銪及/或鈰摻雜之M2 Si5 N8 型之化合物,其中M為鹼土金屬或複數個鹼土金屬的混合物,其另外包括鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀作為共摻雜劑,且其中至少一種共摻雜劑係選自由鉿及鋯所組成的群組。
  2. 如請求項1之化合物,其特徵在於式IMa2-y (Ca,Sr,Ba)1-x-y Si5-z Mez N8 :Eux Cey (I)其中Ma=Li、Na及/或K Me=Hf4+ 及/或Zr4+ x=0.0015至0.20,且y=0至0.15 z<4。
  3. 如請求項1或2之化合物,其特徵在於:z<1,較佳z<0.1,更佳係z=0.0002至0.02。
  4. 如請求項1或2之化合物,其可藉由以固態擴散方法使含氮化矽、銪、鈰及鈣及/或鍶及/或鋇之起始材料與至少一種含鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之共摻雜劑混合並隨後進行熱後處理獲得。
  5. 一種製備如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物之方法,其具有以下製程步驟:a)藉由混合至少4種選自含氮化矽、銪、鈰、鈣、鍶、鋇、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料之起始材料製備經含鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料共摻雜之銪及/或鈰摻雜 之2-5-8鹼土金屬矽氮化物化合物,b)熱後處理該共摻雜化合物。
  6. 一種包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物之成形主體,其特徵在於:其具有載有包含SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物之奈米微粒及/或包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物且含或不含選自銪、鈰、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀系列之摻雜劑的微粒之粗糙表面。
  7. 一種包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物之成形主體,其特徵在於:其具有一由SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物及/或不含活化劑銪之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物所組成之連續表面塗層。
  8. 一種包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物之成形主體,其特徵在於:其具有一由SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合氧化物及/或含或不含選自銪、鈰、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀系列之摻雜劑的如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物所組成之多孔表面塗層。
  9. 一種包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物之成形主體,其特徵在於:該表面具有利於化學或物理鍵結至較佳由環氧樹脂或聚矽氧樹脂組成之環境之官能基。
  10. 一種製備如請求項6至9中任一項之成形主體之方法,其具有下列製程步驟:a)藉由混合至少4種選自含氮化矽、銪、鈰、鈣、鍶、鋇、鉿、鋯、鋰、鈉及/或鉀之材料之起始材料製備經含 鉿及/或鋯之材料共摻雜之2-5-8銪摻雜之鹼土金屬矽氮化物化合物,b)熱後處理該共摻雜之化合物並形成具有粗糙表面之成形主體,c)利用包括SiO2 、TiO2 、Al2 O3 、ZnO、ZrO2 及/或Y2 O3 或其混合的氧化物之奈米微粒或利用包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物且含或不含摻雜劑之奈米微粒塗佈該粗糙表面。
  11. 一種發光單元,其具有至少一種發射最大值在250nm至530nm之範圍內,較佳在390nm與480nm之間的一次光源,其中此輻射係藉由如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物或如請求項6至10中任一項之成形主體部分或完全轉換成較長波長之輻射。
  12. 如請求項11之發光單元,其特徵在於:該光源係發光氮化鋁鎵銦,尤其係式Ini Gaj Alk N者,其中0i,0j,0k,及i+j+k=1,或基於ZnO、TCO(透明傳導氧化物)、ZnSe或SiC之發光化合物。
  13. 如請求項11之發光單元,其特徵在於:該光源係有機發光配置或電漿或放電燈。
  14. 如請求項11至13中任一項之發光單元,其特徵在於:該磷光體係直接配置於一次光源上及/或其遠端處。
  15. 如請求項14之發光單元,其特徵在於:該磷光體與該一次光源間之光學耦合係藉由光傳導配置實現。
  16. 一種至少一種如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物作為磷光 體或轉換磷光體之用途,其係用於部分或完全轉換來自發光二極體之藍光或UV發射。
  17. 一種至少一種如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物作為轉換磷光體之用途,其係用於根據隨選色彩概念將一次輻射轉換成某一色點。
  18. 一種如請求項6至9中任一項之成形主體作為磷光體元件之用途。
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EP2401342B1 (de) 2013-06-12
US20110304261A1 (en) 2011-12-15
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KR20110126725A (ko) 2011-11-23
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