TWI394287B - 波長可變換之半導體發光元件 - Google Patents

波長可變換之半導體發光元件 Download PDF

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TWI394287B
TWI394287B TW094104926A TW94104926A TWI394287B TW I394287 B TWI394287 B TW I394287B TW 094104926 A TW094104926 A TW 094104926A TW 94104926 A TW94104926 A TW 94104926A TW I394287 B TWI394287 B TW I394287B
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phosphor
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Gerd O Mueller
Regina B Mueller-Mach
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Description

波長可變換之半導體發光元件
本發明有關波長可變換之半導體發光元件。
包括發光二極體(LED)的半導體發光元件是目前所能使用之最有效的光源之一。目前,在製造高亮度發光元件中,能夠橫跨可見光譜操作的重要材料系統包括,III-V族(Group III-V)半導體,尤其是鎵、鋁、銦、及氮的二元、三元、及四元合金,亦稱之為III族氮化物(III-nitride)材料。通常,III族氮化物發光元件係藉由金屬有機化學汽相沉積(metal-organic chemical vapor deposition;MOCVD)、分子束磊晶(molecular beam epitaxy;MBE)、或其他磊晶技術在藍寶石、碳化矽、III族氮化物、或其他適當的基板上,磊晶生長具有不同成分與摻雜濃度之半導體層堆疊來製造。通常使用藍寶石作為生長基板,因其廣泛的商業可用性且使用相對較容易。在生長基板上生長的堆疊通常包括:在基板上形成的摻雜如矽(Si)的一或多個n型層,在各n型層上形成的發光或作用區域,以及在作用區域上形成的摻雜如鎂(Mg)的一或多個p型層。III族氮化物發光元件可有效發射UV通過綠光。
已提出藉由如磷光體之螢光材料來變換由發光二極體所發射之光線色彩的照明系統。
混合藍色LED主要發射與黃色磷光體所發射之光線的兩色照明系統在美國專利5,998,925中有所描述。Y3 Al5 O12 :Cc3+ 磷光體經塗布在III族氮化物LED上,而一部分自LED發射的藍色光線由磷光體變換為黃色光線。另一部分自LED的藍色光線透過磷光體發射。因此,此系統自LED發射藍色光線以及自磷光體發射黃色光線這兩種光線。觀看者所看到的藍色和黃色發射帶的混合光線是白色光線,CRI大約在75和80之間,色溫Tc 大約從6000 K到8000 K之間。
然而,基於兩色方法的白色光線LED只能在有限範圍內用在一般用途的照明上,故因無紅色成分而色彩展現為差。
圖1顯示缺紅弱點補償照明系統,另在美國專利6,351,069中有更詳盡的描述。圖1的LED 34設計可產生色彩平衡的白色輸出光線,以提供色彩校正良好的照明。此外,「LED 34包括位置在反射罩引線架14上並電耦合至引線架16和18的氮化鎵(GaN)晶粒12。引線架16和18提供激發功率至GaN晶粒12。GaN晶粒12一般可為方形。在較佳具體實施例中,GaN晶粒12經設定以發射具有峰值波長470 nm的主要光線,其位於光譜的藍色區域內,即藍色光線。GaN晶粒12為透明材料製造的間隔層36所覆蓋。透明材料可為透明的環氧或玻璃。鄰接間隔層36的是螢光層38。螢光層38包括螢光材料22和第二螢光材料40。螢光材料22具有吸收主要光線和發射具有第一峰值波長之次要光線的性質,而螢光材料40具有吸收主要光線和發射具有第二峰值波長之次要光線的性質。較佳,由螢光材料22所發射的次要光線具有集中在可見頻譜之黃色區域內的寬頻光譜分布。然而,由螢光材料40所發射的次要光線具有在可見光譜之紅色區域 內的寬頻光譜分布。因此,當主要光線和由螢光材料22及40發射的次要光線組合時,會造成除其他色彩外還富有紅色的白色光線。次要光線的峰值波長,除主要光線的峰值波長外,還根據螢光材料22和40的組成物而定(參照美國專利6,351,069第4欄第61行至第5欄第23行)」。
包括兩個螢光材料的螢光層38是磷光體與樹脂混合物,其「包括兩個與樹脂糊膠組合的螢光材料。」磷光體與樹脂混合物「係沉積在封裝層上以形成均勻覆蓋封裝層的螢光層。然後,沉積的磷光體與樹脂混合物可予以凝膠化,即部分固化。」因此,在美國專利6,351,069的缺紅弱點補償系統中,將兩個螢光材料混合在一起,然後懸浮在樹脂層中。
根據本發明具體實施例,波長可變換之半導體發光元件包括第一波長變換材料和第二波長變換材料。第一波長變換材料發射的光線具有短於由第二波長變換材料所發射光線之波長。在部分具體實施例中,第一和第二波長變換材料經配置可極大化以下一或多個項目:元件所發射之組合可見光的發光當量、演色性指數、及色域。在部分具體實施例中,第一和第二波長變換材料經沉積在相鄰的發光元件上。在部分具體實施例中,第一和第二波長變換材料經沉積為離散層。
根據本發明具體實施例,揭露包括多個波長變換材料(如 磷光體)與半導體發光元件組合的系統。在以下說明中,「混合的」或「合成的」光線係指由半導體發光元件發射之光線和由在系統中所有磷光體發射之光線的組合。
在部分具體實施例中,有藍色發光二極體與發射黃色或綠色的磷光體及發射紅色的磷光體組合在一起。合適的發射黃色或綠色的磷光體之範例包括:(Lu1-x-y-a-b Yx Gdy )3 (Al1-z Gaz )5 O12 :Cea 3+ Prb 3+ ,其中0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<0.1、0<a<0.2又0<b<0.1;包括如:Lu3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 及Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 、(Sr1-a-b Cab Bac )Six Ny Oz :Eua2+ (a=0.002-0.2、b=0.0-0.25、c=0.0-0.25、x=1.5-2.5、y=1.5-2.5、z=1.5-2.5);包括如:SrSi2 N2 O2 :Eu2+ 、(Sr1-u-v-x Mgu Cav Bax )(Ga2-y-z Aly Inz S4 ):Eu2+ ,包括如:SrGa2 S4 :Eu2+ 及Sr1-x Bax SiO4 :Eu2+ 。合適的發射紅色的磷光體之範例,包括(Ca1-x Srx )S:Eu2+ ,其中0<x<1;包括如:CaS:Eu2+ 及SrS:Eu2+ 、及(Sr1-x-y Bax Cay )2-z Si5-a Ala N8-a Oa :Euz 2+ ,其中0<a<5、0<x<1、0<y<1又0<z<1;包括如Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+
在部分具體實施例中,有UV發光二極體與發射藍色的磷光體、發射黃色或綠色的磷光體及發射紅色的磷光體組合在一起。合適的發射黃色或綠色的磷光體以及合適的發射紅色的磷光體之範例列於以上。合適的發射藍色的磷光體,包括如MgSrSiO4
雖然以下描述的具體實施例係指與兩個磷光體組合在一起的藍色LED以及與三個磷光體組合在一起的一紫外線(UV)LED,但應明白,可採用更多或更少磷光體及發射其他色彩的LED。
以上列出的某些磷光體的激發和發射光譜顯示於圖2中。在圖2中,光譜a為Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 之激發光譜,光譜b為Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 之發射光譜,光譜c為MgSrSiO4 之發射光譜,光譜d為Sr1 x Bax SiO4 :Eu2 之發射光譜,光譜e 為SrGa2 S4 :Eu2 之發射光譜,光譜f為SrSi2 N2 O2 :Eu2 之發射光譜。
本發明人觀察到,當有些磷光體混合在一起時,混合的磷光體之間的交互作用可能對元件的效率和光譜有不利影響。因此,端視在組合中的磷光體,如以下圖3-6所描述,將磷光體沉積為分開的、離散的層,可改善元件的效能。較佳的磷光體配置是否為如圖1中之磷光體混合或如圖3-6中之離散的層,可根據磷光體的激發和發射光譜及應用而定。以下描述三種應用:具有直接沉積在LED上的磷光體之照明元件、具有和LED隔開的磷光體之顯示器、以及具有和LED隔開的磷光體之照明元件。對照明元件而言,可選擇磷光體配置以極大化表示為CRI或Ra的演色性指數。對顯示器而言,可選擇磷光體配置以極大化使用在元件中的濾色片之色域。若非照明元件則在顯示器,最好能極大化發光當量。對某光譜而言,發光當量是最高可能的效率,並表示為lumens/W。
圖1和3-6顯示第一應用,具有直接沉積在LED上的磷光體之照明元件,若非如圖1中之混合則為如圖3-6中之離散的層。在照明元件中,選擇磷光體配置以極大化發光當量和演色性指數。為特定的磷光體組合決定圖1和3-6的磷光體配置何者為宜,係以下述兩個範例描述之:含有Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 和Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 磷光體之元件以及含有Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 及CaS:Eu2+ 磷光體之元件。
在第一範例中,藍色發光二極體與Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 磷光體組合在一起。圖14顯示Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 之激發和發射光譜。在由系統發射的組合光線之第一近似中,加入藍色發光二極體的頻譜和兩個磷光體。Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 和Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 之發射光譜顯示,兩個磷光體都在橘色波長具有強烈的發射,例如大約為600 nm在橘色波長的發射光譜之重疊使得混合光線之顯現從紅色朝向較短的波長移位。此移位對混合光線之演色可能造成負面影響。
此外,圖14顯示,Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 之發射光譜與Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 之激發光譜重疊。結果,從Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 磷光體的一部分發射可能為Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 磷光體所消耗,降低了在混合光線中的綠色/黃色光線量。此外,由Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ 所發射的光線為Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+ 所吸收,惡化了混合光線朝向較短的橘色波長移位。兩種效應對混合光線之演色可能造成負面影響。
由發射綠色/黃色的磷光體所發射的光線為發射紅色的磷光體所吸收,可能因分開綠色/黃色和紅色磷光體為離散區域而降低。圖3-6顯示該元件之具體實施例,其中發射紅色的磷光體和發射綠色/黃色的磷光體沉積的情況,使得由發射綠色/黃色的磷光體所發射的光線為發射紅色的磷光體所吸收而降低。
圖3說明的元件中,一半導體發光元件1係置放於一反射罩2中。發射綠色/黃色之磷光體5係與樹脂、聚矽氧或其他透明材料混合在一起,並置放於反射罩2之一面上,任何其他磷光體4,包括發射紅色的磷光體,則分開地與樹脂、聚矽氧或其他透明材料混合在一起,並置放於反射罩2之另一面上,使得研磨液5不明顯與研磨液4混合在一起。在部分具體實施例中,要選擇形成研磨液的透明材料之黏性,以免磷光體4與磷光體5混合在一起。由於發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5和任何其他磷光體4互相鄰近,而非混合在相同的研磨液之內,由綠色/黃色磷光體5所發射的光線比較不會被研磨液4中任何發射紅色的磷光體所吸收。
在顯示於圖4中的元件裡,發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5和其他磷光體4經沉積在LED 1之上為離散的層。磷光體層4,包括任何發射紅色的磷光體,經沉積最接近LED 1。發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5則經沉積在磷光體層4之上。磷光體層4和5可為一選擇性的透明層6所分開。磷光體層4和5可在樹脂或其他透明材料中沉積為研磨液;由例如電子束蒸發、熱力蒸發、射頻濺鍍、化學汽相沉積或原子層磊晶等方法沉積為薄膜;或由例如網版印刷、美國專利6,650,044所述之模板或由美國專利6,576,488所述之電泳沉積等方法在LED 1之上沉積為等形層。薄膜在美國專利6,696,703中有更詳盡的描述。美國專利6,696,703、美國專利6,650,044及美國專利6,576,488皆以提及方式併入本文。對照於通常表現儼然為單一大磷光體粒子的薄膜,在等形層裡的磷光體一般表現猶如多個磷光體粒子。此外,薄膜通常除磷光體外,不含其他材料。等形層通常包括磷光體之外的材料,如氧化矽。
在部分具體實施例中,元件中有一或多個雙向濾色片。設計來傳輸由LED 1所發射之光線但會反射由磷光體4和5所發射之光線的雙向濾色片包含在LED 1和磷光體層4之間。發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5和發射紅色的磷光體4之間的層6,可為設計來傳輸由發射紅色的磷光體4和LED 1所發射之光線並反射由發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5所發射之光線的雙向濾色片。雙向濾色片可藉由磷光體層4和5降低反散射入LED 1的輻射量,其可在LED 1被吸收。在顯示於圖5中的元件裡,發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5和其他磷光體4按複數個小區域經沉積於LED 1上。不同的區域可形成圖案,如棋盤式的圖案。如果未變換光線從LED 1逸出,如同在由LED所發射的藍色光線與由磷光體所發射的綠色和紅色光線混合而造成白色光線之案例中一般,可藉由控制磷光體區域4和5之厚度,或讓LED 1區域不受覆蓋,或覆蓋以不變換LED 1所發射光線之選擇性透明材料7,以控制未變換光線的量。如顯示於圖5之不同磷光體層的圖案可藉由電泳沉積方法沉積形成磷光體的第一層,利用習用的微影蝕刻及蝕刻技術圖案化該層,然後藉由電泳沉積方法沉積第二磷光體層。或可藉由網版印刷或噴墨印刷沉積磷光體層的圖案。在部分具體實施例中,可藉由將個別磷光體混合體4和5分注入微生物學所用的透明塑膠微板裡的井中,以形成磷光體層的圖案。然後把填充磷光體的微板放到LED 1上。填充磷光體的微板可分開地從LED 1形成。
在顯示於圖6的元件中,磷光體4的複數個小區域,包括任何發射紅色的磷光體,係形成於LED 1的表面上。發射綠色/黃色的磷光體5之層經沉積在磷光體4的複數個區域之上顯示於圖3-6的每個具體實施例可降低上述的吸收之問題。在各情況中,由LED 1所發射的光線先是紅色發射磷光體為入射,或發射紅色的磷光體以及在分開之區域裡的發射綠色/黃色的磷光體為入射。因此,顯示於圖3-6中的配置降低了從綠色/黃色磷光體發射的光線會被發射紅色的磷光體吸收的可能性。
如顯示於圖3-6一般分開磷光體,顯著地改善了含有藍色LED(Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 )磷光體之照明系統的演色。圖15顯示發自如顯示於圖1(曲線a)的混合磷光體配置裡以及如顯示於圖4(曲線b)的分層磷光體配置裡之藍色LED、Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 磷光體的混合光線之光譜。兩個磷光體配置具有高發光當量(分層配置為296,混合配置為343),但是分層配置明顯顯示較高的演色性指數:相較於混合配置的75為87。
在部分具體實施例中,分開發射綠色/黃色和紅色的磷光體,無法改善元件的效能,如顯示於照明系統的第二範例中,此處藍色LED與Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及CaS:Eu2 磷光體組合在一起。圖14顯示Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及CaS:Eu2 磷光體之激發和發射光譜。最左的實線曲線為Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 之激發光譜。中央的實線曲線為Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 之發射光譜。虛線曲線為CaS:Eu2 之激發光譜。最右的實線曲線為CaS:Eu2 之發射光譜。圖7顯示發自含有藍色LED和Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及CaS:Eu2 磷光體之系統的合成光線之三個光譜。曲線a係模擬計算發自發光二極體和兩個磷光體之發射光譜的重疊所得之光譜。曲線b係觀察發自如顯示於圖1中的兩個磷光體在單一層裡混合形成的元件所得之光譜。曲線c係觀察發自如顯示於圖4中含有兩個離散的磷光體層的元件所得之光譜。磷光體分層會降低元件的發光當量。分層的元件,其演色性指數為96,發光當量為265。混合的元件,其演色性指數為91,發光當量為300。因此,磷光體分層會降低元件的發光當量,並無顯著改善演色。因此,混合磷光體為較佳。
多個磷光體最好混合或形成為離散的層,有許多因素可能影響。兩個磷光體的折射率及其粒子大小之間的差異會影響發自綠色/黃色磷光體的發射受到紅色磷光體吸收的可能性。兩個材料間的折射率差距增大,則也增加了入射兩個材料間之介面的光線較可能被反射而不受到吸收的可能性。因此,如果兩個磷光體的折射率非常不同,則在紅色磷光體入射時,由綠色/黃色磷光體所發射的光線很可能被散射而非吸收。此外,發射紅色的磷光體之發射光譜的位置,可能影響到兩個磷光體是否應為混合。如上述,發射綠色/黃色的磷光體和發射紅色的磷光體之間的交互作用可能使得發自系統之合成光線的紅色成分朝向較短、較為橘色波長移位,因而降低演色。發射紅色的磷光體之峰值波長越長,則系統越能容忍紅色朝向較短波長移位而不影響演色。再者,發射綠色/黃色的磷光體之發射光譜與發射紅色的磷光體之激發光譜之間的重疊,可能影響到兩個磷光體是否應為混合。重疊越明顯,則發射綠色/黃色的磷光體越可能會有明顯的發射量被發射紅色的磷光體吸收。因此,重疊越明顯,則系統的效能越可能會因分開磷光體而改變。
在部分具體實施例中,雖然磷光體分開在離散層裡,但是可能有例如小量之發射紅色的磷光體會包含在發射綠色/黃色的磷光體層裡。在發射綠色/黃色的磷光體層裡之小量發射紅色的磷光體可能改善合成光線的演色。
圖8顯示第二應用,即磷光體與一或多個LED隔開的顯示器。顯示於圖8中元件的更詳盡解說,請參閱2003年10月3日提出之標題為「LCD Backlight Using Two-Dimensional Array LEDs使(用二維陣列LED之背光液晶顯示器)」的專利申請案第10/678,541號,其內容在此以引用方式併入本文中。
圖8為LCD顯示器之側視圖。LED陣列24係放置於背光26的背面面板上。背光26係覆蓋以漫射蓋板40。漫射體40係以例如丙烯酸或玻璃所造,具有粗糙表面以漫射光線。或者,漫射體40之丙烯酸或玻璃板上可具有光散射粒子。已知有許多漫射體類型,可與背光26合用。如果背光26輸出的光線無需漫射體即充足漫射,則可用透明板代替漫射體40。漫射體之頂部上、液晶顯示器正前方可使用額外膜(圖中未顯示)以提高亮度或效率,例如3M公司所生產的亮度增強膜及雙層亮度增強膜。
背光26之背平面及側壁係以高反射材料覆蓋。背面上採用白色漫射反射膜(如日本Toray生產的E60L)且側壁上採用鏡面反射材料(如德國Alanod生產的Miro材料),已獲得良好結果,但其他組態亦具有同樣效果。所使用之材料應具有高反射係數,較佳大於90。使用該等高反射材料,可達成高回收效率。這在使用上述亮度增強膜時特別重要,因為該等膜所反射之光無法在第一次傳遞中使用,需要將其回收,以在第二次或第三次傳遞中有助於液晶顯示器之輸出。
LCD面板14係放置於背光26的前面。LCD面板14可為習用的液晶顯示器,具有第一偏振濾光器、在整個液晶層之選擇區域土產生電場的薄膜電晶體陣列、液晶層、RGB濾色片陣列、以及第二偏振濾光器。濾色片陣列具有紅色、綠色及藍色子像素。於LCD面板14與背光26之間可使用額外膜,例如亮度增強膜(BEF)或極化回復膜(DBEF)。LED 26一般為藍色或為發射UV的LED。如圖1中可包含多個混合磷光體或如圖3-6中分層磷光體的磷光體層39,係在蓋板40上形成而非直接在LED 26上形成。在部分具體實施例中,不同的磷光體層係在蓋板40的不同表面上形成。蓋板40可以是或可以不是漫射體,端視由磷光體所執行之漫射量而定。將磷光體層39從LED 26隔開的做法受到歡迎,是因為從磷光體發射到背光26背面的光線,由於在背光26裡使用之薄膜的高反射性,有較之於射入LED晶片者更大的回收效率。除回收效率外,磷光體無需耐受接近LED的高溫,且在化學上無需與LED相容,因而增加了合適的磷光體的數量,並潛在地改善了元件的效率和壽命。從物資觀點來看,此解決方案亦具有吸引力,因為採用不同類型的濾色片,藍色背光可用於大範圍之不同顯示器,且為適應一特定液晶顯示器,僅須最佳化磷光體層之厚度及磷光體濃度。
在顯示於圖8中的顯示器裡,可選擇磷光體配置以極大化發光當量及色域。
圖9、10、11、12及13顯示數個磷光體組合物與藍色發光二極體組合的效能。在圖9-13的各圖中,曲線a代表被視為真正白色光線的普朗克軌跡(Planckian locus),曲線b則代表CIE圖。曲線c顯示用在圖8之元件的RGB像素濾色片裡的濾色片可濾出之色彩色域。點d代表由LED和磷光體所發射的混合光線之色彩。曲線e代表NTSC標準所要求之色彩色域。點f代表由每個紅色、藍色及綠色濾色片濾出後的光線色彩。點g顯示濾出前的合成光線之光譜。曲線h、i和j顯示圖8的RGB像素濾色片之藍色、綠色及紅色濾色片的效能。曲線k顯示由LED及磷光體組合所發射的合成光線。曲線1顯示穿過曲線h所代表之藍色濾色片後的合成光線。曲線m顯示穿過曲線i所代表之綠色濾色片後的合成光線。曲線n顯示穿過曲線j所代表之紅色濾色片後的合成光線。
在顯示於圖9中之元件裡,藍色LED係以例如455 nn發射的光線與單一磷光體(Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 )相結合。顯示於圖9中的元件以發光當量299操作,並具有NTSC標準色域範圍的62%之色域。
在顯示於圖10中之元件裡,將發射紅色的磷光體(SrS:Eu2 )加入圖9之元件。加入SrS:Eu2 並無法顯著影響元件的效能。顯示於圖10中的元件以發光當量291操作,並具有NTSC標準色域範圍的62%之色域。
顯示於圖11的元件將藍色發光二極體與SrGa2 S4 :Eu2 及CaS:Eu2 相結合。該元件證明具有優異的色域(NTSC的86%)但很差的發光當量200。在此情況中,如顯示於圖3-6中,形成離散的磷光體區域為較佳,而非如顯示於圖1為磷光體混合。
在顯示於圖12中之元件裡,圖11的元件之CaS:Eu2 為SrS:Eu2 所替代。該元件同時證明具有優異的色域(NTSC的73%)和優異的發光當量(298)。在此情況中,如顯示於圖3-6中,形成離散的磷光體區域為較佳,而非如顯示於圖1為磷光體混合。
顯示於圖13的元件將藍色發光二極體與Sr1 x Bax SiO4 :Eu2 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 相結合。元件具有NTSC色域的72%,並具有發光當量241。
在第三應用中,照明元件含有與一或多個LED隔開的磷光體。此種元件之範例係顯示於圖8中沒有液晶顯示器14之元件。在此種具體實施例中,選擇磷光體配置以極大化發光當量和演色指數。如上在第一應用中所述之磷光體組合可為適合。
已詳細說明本發明,熟知本技術人士應明白,根據本揭示內容,可對本發明作修改,而不致背離此處說明之本發明概念之精神。因此並不希望本發明之範疇限於所解釋及說明的特定具體實施例。
1...半導體發光元件
1、34...LED
2...反射罩
4...磷光體
5...綠色/黃色磷光體
6...選擇性的透明層
7...選擇性透明材料
12...GaN晶粒
14(圖1)...反射罩引線架
14(圖8)...LCD面板
16、18...引線架
22...螢光材料
24...LED陣列
26...背光
36...間隔層
38...螢光層
39...磷光體層
40(圖1)...第二螢光材料
40(圖8)...漫射體
圖1顯示先前技術的缺紅弱點補償照明系統。
圖2顯示Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 的激發光譜及數個磷光體的發射光譜。
圖3、4、5及6顯示本發明採用離散磷光體層以最小化磷光體交互作用的具體實施例。
圖7顯示包括藍色發光二極體和Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及CaS:Eu2 磷光體之系統的模擬光譜和兩個實驗光譜。
圖8顯示本發明具體實施例之顯示器。
圖9、10、11、12和13顯示在圖8元件裡實施之LED和磷光體組合的五個範例。
圖14顯示Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及CaS:Eu2 磷光體之激發和發射光譜。
圖15顯示一包括藍色發光二極體和Y3 Al5 O1 2 :Ce3 及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2 磷光體之系統的兩個實驗光譜。
14...LCD面板
24...LED陣列
26...背光
39...磷光體層
40...漫射體

Claims (33)

  1. 一種波長變換系統,其包含:一半導體發光元件,其能夠發射具有一第一峰值波長之第一光線;一第一螢光材料層,其包含一第一波長變換材料,該材料能夠吸收該第一光線及發射具有長於該第一峰值波長之一第二峰值波長之第二光線;及一第二螢光材料層,其包含一第二波長變換材料,該材料能夠發射具有長於該第二峰值波長之一第三峰值波長之第三光線,其中該第二螢光材料層被置於鄰接該半導體發光元件;其中該第一螢光材料層及該第二螢光材料層中至少一者包含非為一波長變換材料之一第二材料,且該第一螢光材料層係透過一透明層與該第二螢光材料層分離。
  2. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第二螢光材料層覆蓋該半導體發光元件,及該第一螢光材料層覆蓋該透明層。
  3. 如請求項1之系統,其中:該第一峰值波長為藍色;該第二峰值波長為綠色;及該第三峰值波長為紅色。
  4. 如請求項1之系統,其中:該第一峰值波長為藍色;該第二峰值波長為黃色;及該第三峰值波長為紅色。
  5. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第一波長變換材料係選擇自由以下項目組成之群組:(Lu1-x-y-a-b Yx Gdy )3 (Al1-z Gaz )5 O12 :Cea 3+ Prb 3+ ,其中0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<0.1、0<a<0.2及0<b<0.1;Lu3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ ;Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ ;(Sr1-a-b Cab Bac )Six Ny Oz :Eua 2+ ,其中a=0.002-0.2、b=0.0-0.25、c=0.0-0.25、x=1.5-2.5、y=1.5-2.5、z=1.5-2.5;SrSi2 N2 O2 :Eu2+ ;(Sr1-u-v-x Mgu Cav Bax )(Ga2-y-z Aly Inz S4 ):Eu2+ ;SrGa2 S4 :Eu2+ 及Sr1-x Bax SiO4 :Eu2+
  6. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第二波長變換材料係選擇自由以下項目組成之群組:(Ca1-x Srx )S:Eu2+ ,其中0<x<1;CaS:Eu2+ ;SrS:Eu2+ ;(Sr1-x-y Bax Cay )2-z Si5-a Ala N8-a Oa :Euz 2+ ,其中0<a<5、0<x<1、0<y<1及0<z<1;及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+
  7. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第二材料係選擇自由以下項目組成之群組:樹脂、聚矽氧及氧化矽。
  8. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第一螢光材料層及第二螢光材料層經配置以極大化該第一、第二及第三光線之一組合之一發光當量。
  9. 如請求項1之系統,其中該第一螢光材料層及第二螢光材料層經配置以極大化該第一、第二及第三光線之一組合之演色性指數。
  10. 一種波長變換元件,其包含:至少一半導體發光元件,其能夠發射具有一第一峰值波長之第一光線;一蓋板,其係與該至少一半導體發光元件隔開; 一第一波長變換材料,其係置於該蓋板之一或多個第一區域上,並能夠吸收該第一光線並發射具有一第二峰值波長之第二光線,該第二峰值波長係長於該第一峰值波長;及一第二波長變換材料,其係置於該蓋板之一或多個第二區域上,並能夠發射具有長於該第二峰值波長之一第三峰值波長之第三光線,該等第一區域係與該等第二區域相異。
  11. 如請求項10之元件,其中該第三光線與該第一光線及該第二光線相結合以形成看來為白色之混合光線。
  12. 如請求項10之元件,其中該第一波長變換材料及該第二波長變換材料經配置以極大化該第一、第二及第三光線之一組合之發光當量。
  13. 如請求項10之元件,其進一步包含一或多個濾色片。
  14. 如請求項13之元件,其中該第一波長變換材料及第二波長變換材料經配置以在該第一、第二以及第三光線受到該一或多個濾色片濾色之後極大化色彩之一色域。
  15. 如請求項10之元件,其中該第一波長變換材料及第二波長變換材料經沉積為離散的層。
  16. 如請求項15之元件,其中該第一波長變換材料覆蓋該第二波長變換材料。
  17. 如請求項10之元件,其中該第一波長變換材料係選擇自由以下項目組成之群組:(Lu1-x-y-a-b Yx Gdy )3 (Al1-z Gaz )5 O12 :Cea 3+ Prb 3+ ,其中0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<0.1、0<a<0.2及 0<b<0.1;Lu3 Al5 O12 :Ce;Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ ;(Sr1-a-b Cab Bac )Six Ny Oz :Eua 2+ ,其中a=0.002-0.2、b=0.0-0.25、c=0.0-0.25、x=1.5-2.5、y=1.5-2.5、z=1.5-2.5;SrSi2 N2 O2 :Eu2+ ;(Sr1-u-v-x Mgu Cav Bax )(Ga2-y-z Aly Inz S4 ):Eu2+ ;SrGa2 S4 :Eu2+ ;及Sr1-x Bax SiO4 :Eu2+
  18. 如請求項10之元件,其中該第二波長變換材料係選擇自由以下項目組成之群組:(Ca1-x Srx )S:Eu2+ ,其中0<x1;CaS:Eu2+ ;SrS:Eu2+ ;(Sr1-x-y Bax Cay )2-z Si5-a Ala N8-a Oa :Euz 2+ ,其中0<a<5、0<x<1、0<y<1及0<z<1,以及Sr2 Si5 N8 :Eu2+
  19. 如請求項10之元件,其進一步包含一LCD。
  20. 一種波長變換之方法,其包含:提供一半導體發光元件,其能夠自一發光表面發射具有一第一峰值波長之第一光線;在該第一光線之一或多個第一路徑中提供一第一波長變換材料,其能夠吸收該第一峰值波長之光線,並發射具有長於該第一峰值波長之一第二峰值波長之第二光線;在該第一光線之一或多個第二路徑中提供一第二波長變換材料,其能夠發射具有長於該第二峰值波長之一第三峰值波長之第三光線;及配置該第一波長變換材料及該第二波長變換材料,以使該等第一與第二路徑彼此係實質相異。
  21. 如請求項20之方法,其中該第一波長變換材料及該第二 波長變換材料中至少一項係鄰接該發光表面。
  22. 如請求項20之方法,其中該第一波長變換材料及該第二波長變換材料中至少一項係和該發光表面隔開。
  23. 如請求項20之方法,其中該第一波長變換材料及該第二波長變換材料皆鄰接該發光表面。
  24. 一種波長變換系統,其包含:一具有一發光表面之半導體發光元件,該發光表面能夠發射具有一第一峰值波長之第一光線;一第一波長變換材料,其係置於該發光表面之一或多個第一部分上,並能夠吸收該第一光線並發射具有一第二峰值波長之第二光線,該第二峰值波長係長於該第一峰值波長;及一第二波長變換材料,其係置於該發光表面之一或多個第二部分上,並能夠發射具有長於該第二峰值波長之一第三峰值波長之第三光線,該等第一部分係與該等第二部分相異。
  25. 如請求項24之系統,其中:該一或多個第一部分係鄰接該一或多個第二部分。
  26. 如請求項24之系統,其中:該等第一部分包含該發光表面上之一第一複數個離散區域;及該等第二部分包含該發光表面上之一第二複數個離散區域。
  27. 如請求項26之系統,其中該第一複數個離散區域及該第 二複數個離散區域形成一棋盤圖案。
  28. 如請求項24之系統,其中:該第一波長變換材料亦覆蓋該第二波長變換材料。
  29. 如請求項24之系統,其進一步包含能夠發射具有一第四峰值波長之一第四光線之一第三波長變換材料。
  30. 如請求項29之系統,其中:該第一峰值波長為UV;該第二峰值波長為藍色;該第三峰值波長為紅色;及該第四峰值波長為綠色。
  31. 如請求項30之系統,其中:該第三波長變換材料覆蓋該第二波長變換材料;及該第一波長變換材料覆蓋該第三波長變換材料。
  32. 如請求項29之系統,其中該第三波長變換材料係置於該發光表面之一或多個第三部分上,該等第三部分係與該等第一與第二部分相異。
  33. 如請求項24之系統,其中該第一波長變換材料包含第二波長變換材料之一數量。
TW094104926A 2004-02-23 2005-02-18 波長可變換之半導體發光元件 TWI394287B (zh)

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