TWI383032B - 用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜 - Google Patents
用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI383032B TWI383032B TW96148625A TW96148625A TWI383032B TW I383032 B TWI383032 B TW I383032B TW 96148625 A TW96148625 A TW 96148625A TW 96148625 A TW96148625 A TW 96148625A TW I383032 B TWI383032 B TW I383032B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/065—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Description
本發明係有關於一種用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜,且更特別的是有關於一種用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜,它使得晶片可疊成面積相同的至少3層而不需使用夾在上、下晶片之間的任何個別間隔體以便在層疊半導體矽晶片時在上、下晶片之間可保持接線間隔(wire spacing),而且在重覆經受高溫的層疊製程中可保持黏著性,從而可確保半導體的可靠性。
一般而言,為了提高半導體的整合程度,有一種廣泛使用的方法是有效利用間隔體來堆疊數層矽晶片於半導體封裝體中。為了有效運用這種層疊方法而使用晶圓背面疊片結構(WBL),其中係首先層疊黏著薄膜於晶圓要切割的一面上。隨後拾起數個晶片一次把它們黏上。用上述技術,當在雙晶粒封裝體(DDP)(其係用於導線架的封裝體)中於導線架上面及下面分別疊上一層(但是四晶粒封裝體(QDP)是分別疊上兩層)時,有可能提高半導體的整合度2倍或4倍。在使用供電氣連接用之錫球的晶片尺寸封裝體(CSP)中,是用在基板上以錫球來層疊3層晶片的方法來提高整合度。
為了使用上述晶片層疊技術於半導體封裝體,本質上
應使用可黏晶片的黏著薄膜。提供該晶片層疊薄膜於待層壓於矽氧樹脂晶圓的切割用膠帶(dicing tape)上然後加以切割,以便在拾起時可使用,其中該晶片層疊薄膜一般被稱作切割晶粒用黏接膜(DDAF)或切割晶片用黏接膜(DCAF)。
前述黏著薄膜係基於混合硬化劑與熱塑性及高分子量丙烯酸酯彈性體的熱固性環氧樹脂、丁二烯-丙烯腈橡膠(NBR)、以及作為黏合劑樹脂的改性丁腈橡膠(CTBN、ATBN)。已公告的朝鮮專利第10-2002-0075426號揭示一種包含環氧樹脂組合物與高分子量丙烯酸酯彈性體的黏著薄膜。已公告的朝鮮專利第10-2006-0045432號揭示一種包含環氧樹脂組合物與改性丁二烯-丙烯腈橡膠的黏著薄膜,而且已註冊的朝鮮專利第10-0593314號揭示一種包含環氧樹脂組合物與丁二烯-丙烯腈橡膠的黏著薄膜。
同時,在前述晶片層疊薄膜的層疊晶片中,個別的間隔體必須夾在上、下晶片之間以便在層疊晶片的過程中保持上、下接線有給定的間隔以使各層有相同的面積。如第1a圖所示,首先黏著下晶片於基板或導線架上。然後,在晶片四周黏上接線。如第1b圖所示,就在此時,在晶片不干擾接線的中央固定一矩形間隔體。如第1c圖所示,隨後藉由施加給定的壓力與高溫,在該間隔體上層疊有黏著薄膜的上晶片以完成兩層的晶片層疊製程。用於此一情形的間隔體是有高彈性模數的耐高熱薄膜,例如,聚亞醯胺(PI)膜或矽氧樹脂膜。所用的薄膜可為單面或雙面黏著型。不過,為了層疊間隔體,需要個別的製程與成本。此外,界
面之間的黏著性可能會顯著下降,因為疊上的間隔體與環氧樹脂黏著薄膜的熱膨脹係數及彈性模數有差異。結果,可能會出現分層(delamination)而降低半導體的可靠性。此外,在以150℃的高溫層疊晶片後,封裝體應以190至210℃的溫度進行黏接線製程,這對半導體生產製程是必要的。如果層疊3層或更多層晶片,熱應力會重覆施加於封裝體,使得間隔體與黏著薄膜的界面會有更多應力以致對於半導體可靠性會有決定性的影響。
此外,在習知的黏著薄膜中,熱塑性橡膠是用作可實現環氧樹脂組合物之黏合力(cohesion)的黏合劑樹脂。不過,橡膠黏合劑樹脂與環氧樹脂組合物的相容性不高,因此會出現微相分離(micro phase separation),導致橡膠黏合劑在晶片層疊製程中重覆經受高溫層疊加工會熱降解(thermal degradation)因而黏著性會降低,這不合乎需要。
在不使用間隔體而且黏著薄膜的厚度是製作大於接線高度的情形下,當接合線厚度(bond line thickness,BLT)顯著減少時,下晶片的接線自然會穿過上晶片的黏著薄膜而干擾到上晶片或因而導致接線損壞及變形,從而層疊晶片為不可能。如果使上晶片層與下晶片層的層疊面積不同,例如,針對上述問題,使上晶片層的接線面積小於下晶片層用來層疊晶片的面積,但是疊成的晶片會有金字塔的結構,以致於不可能實現相同的整合度而且這種層疊方案只能用於至多兩層。因此,實質上無法實現層疊至少3個面積相同之層。
因此,使用間隔體與黏著薄膜兩者的先前技術是不可能層疊3層或更多層的晶片。特別是,在一封裝體中層疊數個晶片(例如,DRAM、SRAM、快閃記憶體)的先進半導體封裝體(例如多晶片封裝體(MCP))中,需要把8層或更多層晶片層疊成各層有相同的面積,以便使封裝體正確地起作用。因此,亟須改善先前技術的晶片層疊技術與黏著薄膜。
本發明的設計係針對先前技術的上述技術問題。本發明的目標之一是要提供一種用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜,它不需要使用個別的間隔體以及在層疊晶片時疊上間隔體的製程,而且有可能層疊3層或更多層晶片而在層疊晶片時不會干擾到上下的接線。更重要的一件事是在重覆經受高溫的接線層疊製程中,半導體的可靠性不會降低,因為晶片之間有高黏著性。
由本發明較佳具體實施例參考附圖的說明可更加明白本發明上述及其他的目標與優點。
本發明用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜有可達成上述目標的特徵是在於它包含:(a)第一黏著層,其係包含酚氧樹脂(phenoxy resin)、環氧樹脂及酚類樹脂(phenol resin);(b)第二黏著層,其係包含酚氧樹脂與數種紫外線可固化小分子化合物,而且是疊在該第一黏著層上;以及(c)第三黏著層,其係包含酚氧樹脂、環氧樹脂及酚類樹脂,其係疊在該第二黏著層上。
本發明的黏著薄膜有以下特徵為較佳:該第一黏著層有1至30微米厚,該第二黏著層有5至50微米厚,以及該第三黏著層有30至80微米厚。
此外,本發明的黏著薄膜有以下特徵為較佳:在該第一、該第二及該第三黏著層之中的酚氧樹脂有下列化學式。
在此n是在1至50之間,而且m是在1至100之間。
此外,本發明的黏著薄膜有以下特徵為較佳:該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物可通過紫外光固化來增強該第二黏著層中之酚氧樹脂的彈性模數,而且均為環氧丙烯酸化合物。
此外,本發明的黏著薄膜有以下特徵為較佳:該酚氧樹脂係具有紫外光固化條件為260℃和至少20MPa的動態儲存模數(dynamic storage modulus)。
本發明的黏著薄膜有以下特徵為更佳:該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層在每100重量份環氧樹脂中含有該酚類樹脂10至70重量份,在每100重量份環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總數中含有該酚氧樹脂10至200重量份,而該第二黏著層在每100重量份酚氧樹脂中含有該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物1至50重量份。
在閱讀本發明較佳具體實施例的詳細說明時,參考下列附圖可更加明白本發明的特徵與優點。
第1a圖至第1c圖係圖示使用習知間隔體的晶片層疊製程具體實施例;第2a圖至第2d圖係根據本發明圖示製造供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜的方法;第2e圖係根據本發明圖示用供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜層疊數個晶片的方法之具體實施例;以及,第3圖係根據本發明圖示通過晶片層疊製程用供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜層疊數個晶片的具體實施例。
下文用本發明的具體實施例與附圖來詳細說明本發明。熟諳此藝者應瞭解,該等具體實施例是要用來更詳細地圖解說明本發明,而不是用來限定本發明的範疇。
如第2c圖所示,本發明用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜係包含:第一熱固性黏著層;酚氧樹脂疊在該第一黏著層上的第二熱塑性及紫外線(UV)可固化黏著層;以及,疊在酚氧樹脂之第二黏著層上的第三熱固性黏著層。在此,第一黏著層、第二酚氧樹脂黏著層以及第三黏著層的總厚度不大於160微米。本發明黏著薄膜的特徵為該第一黏著層有1至30微米厚,第二酚氧樹脂黏著層有5至50微米厚,以及該第三黏著層有30至80微米厚。本發明黏著薄膜可包含
作為保護膜的隔離膜(release film)或可製成能黏在切割用膠帶上,如第2d圖所示。
此時,更詳細地描述本發明組態的作用如下。第一熱固性黏著層與第三黏著層包含環氧樹脂與硬化劑,以及與環氧樹脂有良好相容性的熱塑性酚氧樹脂。在習知的黏著薄膜中,熱塑性橡膠係用作黏合劑樹脂以便實現環氧樹脂組合物的黏合力,如上述。不過,該橡膠黏合劑樹脂與該環氧樹脂組合物沒有良好的相容性,因而會出現微相分離。接著,這會產生降低的黏著性,因為在重覆經受高溫的層疊製程中,在層疊晶片的過程中,橡膠黏合劑會熱降解。因此,在本發明中,藉由含有作為黏合劑樹脂的熱塑性酚氧樹脂,其係與環氧樹脂及硬化劑有良好的相容性,因此可避免微相分離同時通過在界面上與第二酚氧樹脂黏著層相互擴散來改善界面黏著性以製成固體黏著層。
接下來,該第二黏著層係基於熱塑性酚氧樹脂而且包含紫外線可固化小分子化合物。如上述,藉由通過酚氧樹脂分子的擴散以在第一及第三黏著層與第二黏著層的界面上形成梯度層(gradient layer),各個黏著層會通過酚氧樹脂分子的相互擴散而出現纏結(entanglement)以致於有強耦合而有一黏著層的性能且不受外應力之害。
接下來,當紫外線照射依照本發明製成的黏著薄膜時,內含於第二酚氧樹脂黏著層在第一及第三環氧樹脂黏著層之間穩穩地耦合的紫外線可固化小分子化合物會使酚氧樹脂的黏著層固化,藉此有可能在黏著薄膜中直接形成
有高彈性模數的薄膜。由於在內部用紫外光固化來形成有高彈性模數的薄膜,可得到如第2e圖所示的黏著薄膜結構,在層疊晶片時,這可避免由於上晶片干擾下晶片的接線所造成的損壞,或是由於下晶片的接線深入黏著薄膜而導致上晶片損傷。
上述組態中更重要的作用是憑藉在內部的紫外光固化來直接形成及包含有彈性及耐熱性的酚氧樹脂薄膜。因此,當把多個晶片層疊成如第3a圖所示時,用晶片及重覆經受高溫之接線層疊製程製成的封裝體可得到高耐久性,而且半導體的可靠性不會因而劣化。
相較於在個別有高度彈性及耐熱薄膜(與上述組態的習知間隔體類似)的兩面上形成黏著層的情形,該個別耐熱薄膜與界面上之環氧樹脂黏著層沒有良好的相容性而且分子之間的相互作用不夠,以致於所得薄膜沒有想要的強度而且黏著性在重覆經受高溫的層疊製程中可能會降低,因為各有不同的彈性模數和熱膨脹係數。
對於上述問題,本發明不是使用有高彈性模數的個別耐熱薄膜,而是利用擴散梯度在環氧樹脂黏著薄膜中形成可取代習知間隔體的薄膜,以及利用紫外光固化來直接形成薄膜。
本發明方法可應用於所有必須使用有可靠性之黏著薄膜來層疊半導體晶片的情形。特別是,在包含使用黏著薄膜之多層結構的情形下,黏著層之間的界面黏著性在許多情形下會影響最終半導體封裝體的可靠性。因此,為了克
服這種影響,要施加不同類型的表面加工或形成。不過,如本發明所述,利用有相容性之黏著層的相互擴散,在分子之間可形成梯度區(gradient area),亦即,黏著層界面上的相際層(interphase layer)。兩個黏著層會以不可分離的程度穩穩地耦合。處於此一狀態時,只要用不同固化方法來固化想要的黏著層,可選擇性地賦予想要的物理性質給預定黏著層,然而該等黏著層各可具有不同的物理性質。
在藉由使黏著層有相容性來形成相際層薄膜的上述方法中,容易想出只通過第一及第二黏著層中有相同化學結構之主要組份的分子量差異來產生梯度的方案。不過,不容易通過在各有不同熱性能之黏著層的界面上誘發分子間擴散(inter-molecule diffusion)然後只固化用以層疊兩層黏著層之中間層的方法來設計出層疊這兩層黏著層的方案。例如,如同本發明,在第一黏著層為熱固性樹脂、第二黏著層為熱塑性樹脂、以及第三黏著層為熱固性樹脂的情形下,不容易實現分子之間的擴散,因為熱固性樹脂是有分支的交聯結構(crosslinking structure),而熱塑性樹脂為直鏈結構(linear chain structure)。這難以在界面上形成固體梯度層,因為相容性不足,儘管是以長時間來達成擴散。本發明為了解決此一問題,提出一種利用增容技術(compatibilization technology)來層疊熱固性樹脂黏著層與另一熱塑性樹脂黏著層的方法。本發明是企圖在環氧樹脂黏著層中使用酚氧樹脂來增強與環氧樹脂的相容性同時藉由製作第二酚氧樹脂黏著層來使黏著層之間保有高黏著
性。為了讓酚氧樹脂的黏著層在層疊晶片的過程中可在上晶片、下晶片之間保持接線間隔,也企圖用紫外光固化來形成固體膜。
用上述方式製成用於層疊晶片的本發明黏著薄膜,儘管在把晶片層疊成有相同面積的過程中沒有使用習知的間隔體,仍有可能層疊數個晶片而沒有干擾接線的問題。更特別的是,有可能層疊3層或更多層的晶片。特別是,黏著性在重覆經受高溫的晶片層疊製程與接線層疊製程中不會降低,而且也有可能保持半導體封裝體的可靠性。
以下,本發明供層疊晶片用之黏著薄膜的各種具體實施例是用製成該薄膜的方法來描述。
在前述的組態中,第一黏著層與第三黏著層都包含熱固性組合物。該組合物不受限於特定的類型,只要其中的分子可通過熱來擴散而且通過熱固性也會展現黏著性。特別是,使用有高黏著性及防潮性的環氧樹脂,而且酚類樹脂可用作用來固化該環氧樹脂的硬化劑。該組合物可包含低彈性模數的黏合劑樹脂以便最小化在把晶圓切成晶片之過程中出現的應力以及減少因黏著薄膜之黏合力增加而導致的脆性。
該環氧樹脂應有兩個或更多個官能基,而且可為有100至1000環氧值(WPE)的環氧樹脂,例如,甲酚酚醛樹脂(cresol novolac resin)、固相雙酚A型、液相雙酚A型、雙酚F、橡膠改性環氧樹脂、等等。特別是,該酚醛環氧樹脂以耐熱性而言為較佳。
為了使分子能通過熱來擴散,該環氧樹脂的軟化點不高於100℃為較佳,不高於80℃更佳。該環氧樹脂的分子量在2,000至8,000之間為較佳,在3,000至5,000之間更佳。
用於固化該環氧樹脂的硬化劑不受限於特定的類型,只要它可固化環氧樹脂。在固化酚醛環氧樹脂的情形下,使用酚醛型酚類樹脂特別較佳。為了促進環氧樹脂的固化,可使用固化促進劑(curing facilitating agent),例如,吡蟲啉化合物(imidasol compound)、胺類、等等。
該硬化劑的軟化點不高於100℃為較佳,不高於80℃更佳,以便使得分子可通過熱來與環氧樹脂一起擴散。該硬化劑的分子量在2,000至8,000之間為較佳,在3,000至5,000之間更佳。
該酚類樹脂用作硬化劑的數量一般是在每100重量份環氧樹脂中含有10至70重量份,且含有30至50重量份較佳。此外,該固化促進劑用來協助該環氧樹脂之固化的數量一般是在每100份該環氧樹脂與該硬化劑之總數中含有0.01至10重量份,且含有1至3重量份較佳。如果使用10或更多重量份的固化促進劑,則在形成黏著層的過程中會促進太多環氧樹脂固化,以致於所得薄膜可能變脆而且黏著性也可能無法實現。如果它的數量不大於0.01重量份,則固化過程會變慢而需要額外的固化時間。
該熱固性組合物係包含作為黏合劑樹脂的熱塑性酚氧樹脂以便通過相容性來誘發分子間擴散從而可防止微相分離。儘管該酚氧樹脂為熱塑性樹脂,它與該環氧樹脂在化
學結構上仍有良好的相容性,這使得容易憑藉相互擴散出現分子纏結。這是本發明為什麼使用熱塑性酚氧樹脂的理由,以下的化學式1為它的化學結構。
在本發明用於層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜中,適當的酚氧樹脂係具有下列的一般化學式1結構:
在此n是在1至50之間。
使用有下列化學式2結構的樹脂則更佳。
在此n是在1至50之間而且m是在1至100之間。
在用於形成第一及第三黏著層的組合物中,該酚氧樹脂的數量是在每100重量份環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總數中含有10至200重量份,且含有30至100重量份較佳。如果酚氧樹脂的數量為200或更多重量份,則環氧樹脂的固化速度會變慢。如果酚氧樹脂的數量不大於10重量份,環氧樹脂黏著層的黏合力會不足而導致該層有不利的脆性。
該酚氧樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)不高於100℃以便藉熱來誘發擴散,而該酚氧樹脂的分子量是落在5,000至
75,000之間。
接下來,有層間擴散梯度的第二黏著層係基於該熱塑性酚氧樹脂,而且包含紫外線可固化小分子化合物。
該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物不受限於特定的類型,只要彼等可用紫外線來固化。該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物在分子中有至少一個雙鍵(double bond),例如,揭示於已公告的日本專利第60(1985)-196956號與第60(1985)-223139號的小分子化合物。該等化合物的例子包含丙烯酸系化合物,例如,三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(trimethylol propane triacrylate)、四羥甲基甲烷四丙烯酸酯(tetra methylol methane tetra acrylate)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(penta erythritol triacrylate)、以及環氧丙烯酸。
該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物的數量一般是在每100重量份酚氧樹脂中含有1至50重量份,且含有5至15重量份較佳。使用與該酚氧樹脂有良好相容性的環氧丙烯酸則更佳。使用該環氧丙烯酸使得可利用紫外線照射來形成交聯固化結構。特別是,由於是在以擴散熱固性環氧樹脂黏著層來形成的梯度層中形成該固化結構,因此可得到固體黏著界面,而且有可能一次把酚氧樹脂製作成有高彈性模數的薄膜。
此外,為了啟動該等紫外線可固化小分子化合物的固化,可使用光起始劑(photoinitiator),例如,二苯基酮(benzo phenone)、甲基苯基酮(aceto phenone)、二芐(dibenzyl)、丁二酮(diacetyl)、二苯硫醚(diphenyl sulfide)、偶氮二異丁腈
(azobisisobutyronitrile)、等等。前述光起始劑的數量一般在每100重量份紫外線可固化小分子化合物中含有0.5至10重量份,且含有1至5重量份較佳。
在本發明中,為了得到接線固定於酚氧樹脂黏著層的效果,除了紫外光固化以外,如有必要可添加填充劑。用於本發明的填充劑例子包含有機及無機填充劑,但為了提高不燃性及導熱性,以無機填充劑為較佳。
無機填充劑的例子包含氫氧化鎂、非晶二氧化矽、結晶二氧化矽、氮化硼、等等。有機填充劑的例子包含橡膠填充劑,例如丁二烯-丙烯腈橡膠填充劑、矽氧樹脂橡膠填充劑、甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(methacrylate butadiene styrene copolymer)、等等。
本發明是形成各有上述組份的黏著層,以及在黏著層之間的界面上,用熱來產生可形成梯度的分子間擴散。然後,該酚氧黏著層以施加紫外線來固化。因此,有可能形成3層結構的固體黏著薄膜。在用本發明黏著薄膜來層疊晶片時,將下晶片的接線嵌入到上晶片之黏著薄膜的某一深度同時由於有形成於黏著薄膜的高彈性模數固化酚氧膜而可自然地固定接線於某一高度,上下晶片層都有相同的面積。因此,本發明黏著薄膜的作用可跟習知間隔體的一樣好。在重覆經受高溫用來層疊晶片的層疊製程中,黏著薄膜的層間界面會牢牢地固定住,藉此可確保半導體的可靠性而相疊晶片之間的黏著性不會降低。
以下用本發明的具體實施例來描述更多本發明的細
節。在以下的說明中,術語‘重量份'是用來表示固體組份的重量。應注意,本發明不受限於此。
樣本1:製成環氧樹脂的第一及第三黏著層
首先,100重量份甲酚酚醛環氧樹脂(YDCN 8P,售自Toto Kasei公司)、50重量份酚類酚醛樹脂(KPH2000,售自Kolon Chemical公司)、0.02重量份1-氰基乙基-2-苯基吡蟲啉(1-cyano ethyl-2-phenyl imidasol)(CURE SOL 2PZ-CN,售自Shikoku Kasei公司)的混合物在丁酮(methyl ethyl ketone)溶劑中攪拌3小時。隨後,添加50重量份酚氧樹脂(YP50,售自Toto Kasei公司)於已予攪拌的混合物,然後再攪拌該混合物6小時。隔離處理過之(release-treated)聚對苯二甲酸酯膜(polyterephthalate film)38微米厚的基板塗上所得到的攪拌過混合物。然後,以90℃乾燥該塗層膜3分鐘以製成40微米厚的B階段第一黏著層以及製成10微米厚的B階段第三黏著層。
樣本2:製成第二酚氧樹脂黏著層
首先,100重量份酚氧樹脂(YP50,售自Toto Kasei公司)與丁酮溶劑混合。隨後,該混合物再度與20重量份環氧丙烯酸及1重量份甲基苯基酮混合,而且攪拌所得到的混合物30分鐘。隔離處理過之聚對苯二甲酸酯膜38微米厚的基板塗上所得到的攪拌過混合物。然後,以90℃乾燥該塗層膜3分鐘以製成30微米厚的黏著層。
樣本3:製成包含第一環氧樹脂黏著層的黏著薄膜
首先,用與上述樣本1一樣的方式製成40微米厚的B階段第一黏著層。在該第一黏著層上製成另一30微米厚黏著層,此一黏著層係與樣本2的一樣。用與樣本1一樣的方式製成10微米厚的B階段第三黏著層。疊上可保護該等黏著層的聚丙烯流延膜(cast polypropylene film)。
比較樣本1:製成間隔體的黏著薄膜
用與樣本3一樣的方式製成比較樣本,除了使用間隔體而不是樣本2以外。在此,該間隔體為聚亞醯胺膜(50微米,聯苯型聚酰亞胺(Upilex S),Tg等於500℃)且是用與樣本3一樣的方式製成。
比較樣本2:製成由單層組成的黏著薄膜
為了比較,製成40微米厚、各與第一及第三黏著層有相同組份及混合比例、不含樣本2的黏著薄膜。將這兩層黏合成80微米厚的單層。然後,實施與樣本3相同的處理。
實驗結果1:測量該黏著薄膜的層間黏著性
為了檢查取決於依上述製成之環氧樹脂黏著層與酚氧樹脂黏著層之相容性的黏著性,分別將樣本1與樣本2切成有150毫米長與50毫米寬,然後在室溫以0.2Mpa的壓力黏合。隨後,檢查取決於固化條件的黏著性,以及圖示結果於表1。紫外線照射強度為200毫焦耳/平方公分。
由表1可見,樣本1與樣本2的黏著性在室溫會隨著時間增加。因此,也可觀察到利用酚氧分子在環氧樹脂黏著層與酚氧樹脂黏著層之間的相互擴散可增加界面黏著性。特別是,可觀察到利用紫外線照射,通過位於界面上之紫外線可固化小分子化合物的固化可大幅增加黏著程度。在此,“無法測量”係指在測量層間的黏著性時觀察到黏合力被破壞。這意指層間界面有分子之間的相互擴散,使得界面黏著性變大到該等層無法分離。
實驗結果2:測量酚氧樹脂黏著層的彈性模數
用測量動態黏彈性(dynamic viscoelastic property)的儀器(AR2000,售自TA公司)分別測量樣本1、2、3的儲存模數(storage modulus)。把各個樣本切成20毫米長、4毫米寬。樣本1與3的儲存模數是在固化1小時後在張力模式(tension mode)下以170℃測量,而樣本2是在紫外線照射後在升溫速
度為5℃/分鐘及10Hz條件的下以張力模式測量。結果圖示於表2。紫外線照射強度為200毫焦耳/平方公分。
由表2可見,通過紫外線可固化小分子化合物的固化可增加熱塑性酚氧樹脂的彈性模數。與不含紫外線可固化小分子化合物之酚氧樹脂的彤相比,樣本2的情形顯示它的彈性模數在高溫可增加5倍。在含有樣本2之黏著薄膜樣本3的情形下,可見樣本3的彈性模數在高溫會因界面黏著性而增加更多。因此,可見藉由導入酚氧樹脂黏著層以及對該層實施紫外光固化有可能提供具有以下特徵的黏著薄膜:在150℃可支承下晶片的接線以便層疊晶片,而且在重覆經受高溫的層疊晶片製程中可保持晶片之間的黏著性。
實驗結果3:層疊半導體晶片的效能
首先,以0.2Mpa的壓力分別將樣本3、比較樣本1及比較樣本2疊在切割用膠帶(Adwill G-64,售自Lintec公司)上。隨後,以60℃分別將彼等層壓於70微米(厚度)x 8英吋(直徑)的晶圓上。將彼等切成大小各為16毫米x 10毫米的晶片,然後拾起疊成4層的堆疊。用掃描超聲波顯微鏡(SAT)觀察彼等的界面狀態與接線狀態。結果列於表3。
鋸刀速度:120毫米/秒
轉速:40,000轉/分鐘
鋸刀深度:50微米
層疊條件:在各自以150℃x 3秒x0.5MPa堆疊樣本後,置於200℃中30分鐘。
表3的結果顯示黏著薄膜在把晶片層疊成多層之過程中的效能。在比較樣本1的情形下,間隔體與黏著薄膜的界面黏著性在重覆經受高溫的層疊製程中會降低而導致晶片相互剝離。在比較樣本2的情形下,會因不含間隔體而出現接線變形。樣本3顯示層疊效能有優良的結果。結果,可見藉由增強黏著薄膜的耐久性(由於有酚氧樹脂黏著層)可確保半導體的可靠性,而且在層疊晶片的過程中,也有可能把數個晶片層疊成多層而不需任何個別的間隔體。
實驗結果4:評估抗PCT能力與抗破裂能力
首先,為了評估抗PCT能力(PCT: Pressure Coker Test,高壓加速壽命試驗機)與抗破裂能力(cracking resistance),用與用來製造前述實驗結果3之樣本的相同方法來製成樣本。關於抗PCT能力,在以121℃、2Mpa以及100%的相對
濕度製成24小時後,觀察該等樣本在晶片之間的層疊界面是否剝離。至於評估抗破裂能力,使該等樣本通過依照JEDEC規格J-STD-020A設定成可保持260℃ 30秒的紅外線回流(IR Reflow)3次,以便通過SAT來觀察剝離現象。
列於表4的吸收比(absorptance)是在測試抗PCT能力後藉由測量重量分數來測出。該等樣本的條件為100%的相對濕度、24小時加熱成121℃且加壓為2MPa。
列於表4的結果為以高溫層疊晶片後黏著薄膜會影響半導體可靠性的耐久性。在比較樣本1中,間隔體與黏著薄膜之間的黏著性會降低以致在界面上的吸收作用大而有不良的抗回流能力(reflow resistance)。樣本3與比較樣本2是用酚氧樹脂黏著層來保持黏著性而不是使用會導致抗回流能力不良的間隔體。
如上述,用本發明用以層疊半導體晶片的黏著薄膜有可能把數個晶片層疊成有相同面積的3層或更多層而不必使用習知的間隔體,其係利用環氧樹脂黏著層與酚氧樹脂黏著層的相容性來誘發分子在黏著薄膜中擴散以及利用紫外光固化來形成堅固的黏著層。用本發明的薄膜,有利於
在重覆經受高溫的層疊晶片製程中以保持黏著性來確保半導體的可靠性。
應注意,上述具體實施例旨在圖解說明而不是限定本發明,而且熟諳此藝者能設計出許多替代具體實施例而不脫離隨附申請專利範圍所界定的本發明範疇。在該等專利申請項中,用語“包含”及其同根詞並不排除列於任一專利申請項或本專利說明書以外的元件。以單數表示的元件並不排除指稱多個元件,反之亦然。
1‧‧‧矽晶片
2‧‧‧接線
3‧‧‧間隔體
4‧‧‧習知晶片層疊薄膜
5‧‧‧第二熱塑性酚氧樹脂黏著層
6‧‧‧第一及第三熱固性環氧樹脂黏著層
7‧‧‧切割用膠帶上的黏著層
8‧‧‧用於切割用膠帶的基板
第1a圖至第1c圖係圖示使用習知間隔體的晶片層疊製程具體實施例;第2a圖至第2d圖係根據本發明圖示製造供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜的方法;第2e圖係根據本發明圖示用供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜層疊數個晶片的方法之具體實施例;以及,第3圖係根據本發明圖示通過晶片層疊製程用供層疊半導體晶片用之黏著薄膜層疊數個晶片的具體實施例。
5‧‧‧第二熱塑性酚氧樹脂黏著層
6‧‧‧第一及第三熱固性環氧樹脂黏著層
7‧‧‧切割用膠帶上的黏著層
8‧‧‧用於切割用膠帶的基板
Claims (15)
- 一種黏著薄膜,其包含:(a)第一黏著層,其係由酚氧樹脂、環氧樹脂及酚類樹脂構成;(b)第二黏著層,其係包含酚氧樹脂與紫外線(UV)可固化化合物,以及,(c)第三黏著層,其係由酚氧樹脂、環氧樹脂及酚類樹脂構成,其中該第二黏著層位於該第一黏著層與第三黏著層之間,以及其中該黏著薄膜由紫外線固化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層有1至30微米厚,該第二黏著層有5至50微米厚,以及該第三黏著層有30至80微米厚。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中在該第一、該第二及該第三黏著層之中的酚氧樹脂有下列化學式2:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該紫外線可固化化合物為環氧丙烯酸化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該酚氧樹 脂具有於260℃至少20MPa的動態儲存模數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層各由酚類樹脂10至70重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎),以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總量為基礎)所構成,以及其中該第二黏著層以100重量份該酚氧樹脂為基礎,含有紫外線可固化化合物1至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層各由酚類樹脂10至70重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎),以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總量為基礎)所構成,以及其中該第二黏著層以100重量份該酚氧樹脂為基礎,含有紫外線可固化化合物1至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層各由酚類樹脂10至70重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎),以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總量為基礎)所構成,以及其中該第二黏著層以100重量份該酚氧樹脂為基礎,含有紫外線可固化化合物1至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層各由酚類樹脂10至70重量份(以 100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎),以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總量為基礎)所構成,以及其中該第二黏著層以100重量份該酚氧樹脂為基礎,含有紫外線可固化化合物1至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第一黏著層與該第三黏著層各由酚類樹脂10至70重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎),以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂與酚類樹脂之總量為基礎)所構成,以及其中該第二黏著層以100重量份該酚氧樹脂為基礎,含有紫外線可固化化合物1至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第二黏著層進一步包含一光起始劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該光起始劑係選自二苯基酮(benzo phenone)、甲基苯基酮(aceto phenone)、二芐(dibenzyl)、丁二酮(diacetyl)、二苯硫醚(diphenyl sulfide),以及偶氮二異丁腈(azobisisobutyronitrile)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該第二黏著層進一步包含一填充劑。
- 申請專利範圍第13項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該填充劑係選自氫氧化鎂、非晶二氧化矽、結晶二氧化矽、氮化硼、丁二烯-丙烯腈橡膠填充劑、矽氧樹脂橡膠填充劑、甲 基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(methacrylate butadiene styrene copolymer)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之黏著薄膜,其中該黏著薄膜包含:第一層,其有1至30微米厚,由酚類樹脂10至70重量份,以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎)所構成,第二層,其有5至50微米厚,由紫外線可聚合化合物1至50重量份,以及酚氧樹脂100重量份所構成,以及第三層,其有30至80微米厚,由酚類樹脂10至70重量份,以及酚氧樹脂10至200重量份(以100重量份之環氧樹脂為基礎)所構成。
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- 2007-12-05 US US11/950,470 patent/US7960023B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-12 JP JP2007321324A patent/JP4590571B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-12 EP EP20070291507 patent/EP1970422B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-12-12 AT AT07291507T patent/ATE531775T1/de active
- 2007-12-19 TW TW96148625A patent/TWI383032B/zh active
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2008
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4590571B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
EP1970422A3 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
US7960023B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
CN101265393A (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
EP1970422A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
US20080226884A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
KR100844383B1 (ko) | 2008-07-07 |
JP2008227455A (ja) | 2008-09-25 |
TW200837169A (en) | 2008-09-16 |
EP1970422B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
ATE531775T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
CN101265393B (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
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