TWI331135B - Process for production of powder of perovskite compound - Google Patents

Process for production of powder of perovskite compound Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI331135B
TWI331135B TW094104149A TW94104149A TWI331135B TW I331135 B TWI331135 B TW I331135B TW 094104149 A TW094104149 A TW 094104149A TW 94104149 A TW94104149 A TW 94104149A TW I331135 B TWI331135 B TW I331135B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
group
compound
powder
fastener
barium titanate
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TW094104149A
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English (en)
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TW200606123A (en
Inventor
Takashi Shikida
Shinji Ogama
Yoshiaki Ikeda
Kazuhisa Hidaka
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Sakai Chemical Industry Co
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Priority claimed from JP2004236105A external-priority patent/JP4356552B2/ja
Application filed by Sakai Chemical Industry Co filed Critical Sakai Chemical Industry Co
Publication of TW200606123A publication Critical patent/TW200606123A/zh
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Publication of TWI331135B publication Critical patent/TWI331135B/zh

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Description

1331135 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本务明有關鈣鈦礦(per〇vskite)化合物粉體之製造方 4 洋έ之,有關藉由將因熱處理而鈣鈦礦化合物凝聚' 溶合、或燒結所成緊固物(邊⑽句在溶劑中加^而加^碎 ,即可製得不含屑片(chipping)粒子、粒度分佈狹窄,且 向純度之飼鈦礦化合物粉體的方法。
【先前技術】 般,鈣鈦礦化合物,係指具有與鈦酸鈣礦(鈣鈦礦 同^晶構造的化合物,藉由此種化合物之形成、燒結而 可製严具有介電性、壓電性以及半導體的介電體陶瓷,而 此等介電體陶瓷係近年作為電容器、 —响―㈣、壓電元件(piez〇element)、熱敏電二 (thermistor)等而廣泛用於如通訊機或電腦等電子設備。
表如粉體工學會期刊,第34卷第11號第32頁,佐佐木 喬一氏著「鈦酸鋇與其複合粒子之製造法與製程」(1997 年刊)所d載,以往’固相(s〇lid phase)法係周知為作為此 種鈣鈦礦化合物之代表性製造方法。作為鈣鈦礦化合物之 代表例而言,舉鈦酸鋇為例,固相法係將碳酸鋇與氧化鈦 於l〇〇(TC以上之溫度加熱以生成欽酸鋇者,由於依此種固 相法的鈦酸鋇之製造中,所生成的鈦酸鋇粒子將作成互相 凝聚並溶合所成緊固物製得之故,以往採用機械性碎解手 段或粉碎媒體磨、氣流式碎解機將該緊固物碎解,以製得 具有合適的平均粒子徑的鈦酸鋇粒子。 316745 1331135 上述機械性碎解手段而言,例如,粉體工學期刊「粉 碎.分級與表面改性」第99頁(2〇〇ι年發行)所記載,可例 舉.磨機(roll mill)、鍵碎機(hammer mm)、鋼針研磨機 (pm mill)等,而粉碎媒體磨而言,可使用:球磨(ban爪⑴)、 官磨機(tube mill)、錐形球磨機(c〇nical miU)、振動球磨機 (vibration ball mill)、塔式磨(t〇wer I〗)、立式球磨機、黏 性磨(v1SC0 mill)、輥輪式混砂機(sand miu)、環形磨 null)等。氣流式碎解機而言,可例舉:噴射磨(彳以…⑴等。 但,由於採用機械性碎解手段時,所得粉末之粉碎度 低另方面,採用粉碎媒體磨時,因本身為粉碎媒體的 氡化叙、氧化鍅、瑪堪玉石等磨耗所生成的不純物、或欽 I鋇被粉碎媒體過度碎解,並被粉碎所生成的微粒子,亦 即,屑片粒子混入於作為目的物的鈦酸鋇粉體中之故,如 此所付鈦酸鋇粉體,係在純度或粒度分佈方面並非十分良 好者。於是,為避免起因於粉碎媒體的不純物之混入起見, 例如’日本專利特開平G3]74355號公報所記載,提案有 &用以鈦酸鋇為主成分的粉碎媒體的作法,惟仍然不能避 免屑片粒子之混入。 Ιέ造鈦酸鋇粉體的另一種方法而言,周知有炫氧化物 :二有機酸鹽法、水熱法(hydrotherma】 method)'溶膠-凝 膝寺的濕式法。然而,在有機酸鹽法及溶膠-凝膠法令,由 灰加熱下使原料反應以生成由鈦酸鋇所成緊固物之故,與 < Q相法同樣,需要碎解由所生成的鈦酸鋇而成的緊固 因而,與上述者同樣,不能避免所得欽酸鎖粉體令混 316745 6 1331135 入不純物或屑片粒子。 載二本專利特開平°5侧24號公報所記 L二:Γ 或水熱法即可直接合成鈦酸鋇’惟 =吏其變態為正方晶系之同時,因實用上之需要,若 !二:子徑起見,在製造步驟中包括熱處理,結果所生 *驟。如此,採的 避免所得鈦酸銷粉體中混入不純物或'屑片^。仏不能 如此’以往之鈣鈦礦化合物粉體之 :物二用通常之機械性碎解手段,則所得粉體之::; 1紙 為得具有所需平均粒子徑的粉體而在触石卢化 -解上採用粉碎媒體磨時,則不能避二 —方::入起因於屬片粒子或粉碎媒體的不純物,另 ,如如用氣流式碎解方法時,處 鈣鈦礦化合物粒义里中之緊固物中之 籲化合物粉體係難於且有為制勺變’結果所得詞鈦礦 特性者…* 句勻介電體陶究上所需要的 等電二::::不能符合對電容器、編、熱敏電阻 电于令件之小型介、古μ处‘ 同性月b化方面的需求的問題。 •所開月::決飼鈦礦化合物粉體製造時的上述問題 •物之碎ί之種™用為絲礦化合物之緊固 -來自粉碎媒體的不純物:二L;所:碎:物中未混 私V 且馮问純度,又,亦不含届ΰ 7的鈣鈦礦化合物粉體之製造方法為目的。 【發明内容】 316745 1331135 本發明提供一種鈣鈦礦化合物粉體之製造方法,其特 徵為包含:製造以—般式 / AB〇3 (式中,A表示至少1種之A群元素、B表示至少1種之6 群兀素)表示的鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物的第—步驟,其中該 妈欽礦化合物含有選自峋、〇、心、以以及外中^至^ 1種以作為A群元素及含有選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及sn中之 _至少1種以作為B群元素·,以及在溶劑中於30至500。(:之 範圍之溫度下加熱上述第一步驟所製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊 固物並加以碎解的第二步驟。 較佳為,本發明提供一種鈣鈦礦化合物粉體之製造方 法’其特徵為:包含 ⑴採用水熱法,於第一步驟中,將選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba 以及Pb中之至少1種A群元素之氫氧化物與選自Ti、Zr、 及Sn中之至少!種B群元素之氧化物及/或氫氧化物 φ的扣合物,在水介質(aque〇us medium)存在下於丨⑽至 C之範圍之溫度下加以水熱處理,並將所得反應生成物於 100至1400Ϊ之範圍之溫度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物 之緊固物’或者 (2)採用固相法,於第一步驟中,將選自Mg、Ca、Sr' h 以及Pb中之至少1種A群元素之氧化物及/或加熱會生 成氧化物的化合物與選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及Sn中之至少工 種B群元素之氧化物及/或加熱會生成氧化物的化合物的 混合物,於600至140(TC之範圍之溫度下加熱,而製得 316745 8 丄 331135 鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,或者 0)¼用有機酸鹽法’於第_步驟中,在選自Mg、Ca'心、
Ba以及Pb中之至少!種A群元素之水溶性鹽以及選自 .了1、Zr、Hf以及Sn中之至少1種B群元素之水溶性鹽, 與選自草酸及檸檬酸中之至少有機酸形成複鹽後,將 此複鹽(double salt)於4〇〇至14〇(rc之範圍之溫度下加 熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,或者 鲁(4)採用烧氧化物法,於第—步驟中,將選自Mg、ca、sr、 a以及Pb中之至少1種A群元素之烷氧化物及/或氫氧化 k自Ti ' Zr、Hf以及Sn中之至少)種B群元素之燒 ?—物的δ物水解,將所得反應生成物於100至14〇〇。(3 之範圍之溫度下加熱,而製得約欽礦化合物之緊 者 4 (5)採用溶膠-凝膠法,於第—步驟中,使選自Mg、Ca、Sr、 乂及Pb中之至少1種A群元素之溶膠與選自Ti、Zr、 鲁Hf以及Sn中之至少丄種B群元素之溶膠的混合物凝膠 2將所侍反應生成物於100至14〇〇r之範圍之溫度下加 .、,、,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物, •遗=著,在溶劑中於3〇至50CTC之範圍之溫度下加熱上 二:V私所製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物並加以碎解的第 /者本發明提供一種鈣欽礦化合物粉體之製诰方 ί礦之第一步驟中’得到含有促進或二 4才-十之成長的添加劑的鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物 316745 9 1331135 的妈欽礦化合物粉體之製造方法。 【實施方式】 (發明之最佳實施形態) 有關本發明之鈣鈦礦化合物粉體之製造方法,係首 先’作為第-步驟,採用水熱法、固相法、有機酸鹽法、 燒氧化物法或溶谬-凝朦法以製得心太礦化合物因敎處理 、熔合或燒結所成触礦化合物㈣鈦礦化合物之 緊固物’接著,作為第二步驟,在溶劑中於3〇至5贼之 ^圍之溫度下加熱該触礦化合物之緊固物並加以碎解 物:發明中,在第-步驟中所得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固 要採用粉碎媒體或氣流式碎解機或其他以往周 令加以碎解,亦可=在第二步驟 物,預先,採Li 得触礦化合物之緊固 ^預*㈣如上述的以往之碎解手段加以碎解後 货依知本發明,在第二步驟中加以碎解。 =敍礦化合物之緊固物,預先如上述方式,經由以 4之4解手段碎解時,則在第二步财,在溶劑之存 加熱緊固物以碎解粒子間之田 (neckinaH-A ° 所明之碎解頸縮 ^ 子,或溶料❹子並使其 表面’即可製得作為粒度分佈狭窄的粉盤。= 未經預先如上述方式的以分七— 』物 成屬片粒子^ 碎解手段所碎解時,則未生 本發明中,如採用It 子亦被碎解的松體。 、用水熱法以製造鈣鈦礦化合物時,則 316745 10 1331135 於第一步驟中,將選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及Pb中的至少 1種之A群元素之氫氧化物與選自Ti、Zr ' Hf以及Sn中 的至J 1種之B群元素之氧化物及/或氫氧化物的混合物, 在水性媒體存在下於1〇〇至3〇(rc之範圍之溫度下加以水 熱處理’並將所得反應生成物於100至1400。(:之範圍之溫 度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,再於第二步驟
中,在溶劑中於30至50(rc之範圍之溫度下加熱該緊固物 並加以碎解。 扭用固相法以製造飼欽礦化合物時,則於第一步驟 中,將選自Mg、Ca、Sr ' Ba以及Pb中的至少}種之a 群元素之氧化物及/或加熱會生成氧化物的化合物、與選自 二、Zr、Hf以及Sn中的至少丨種之B群元素之氧化物及/ 5 …^生成氧化物的化合物的混合物,於ό 0 0至14 〇 〇 之乾圍之溫度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,再 2第一步驟中,在溶劑中於3〇至5〇(rc之範圍之溫度下加 >τ、固物並加以碎解。上述加熱會生成氧化物的化合物 而3,可例舉:碳酸鹽 '氫氧化物、硝酸鹽、有機酸鹽等。 如採用有機酸鹽法以製造鈣鈦礦化合物時,則於第一 7驟中’從選自Mg、Ca ' Sr、Ba以及Pb中的至少1種之 A群tl素之水溶性鹽、與丁丨、Zr、Hf以及Sn中的至少工 種之B群το素之水溶性鹽、與選自草酸及檸檬酸中的至少 /重之有機酸形成複鹽後,將此複鹽於4〇〇至丨4〇〇七之範 一之咖度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,再於第 —步驟中,在溶劑中於3〇至5〇〇ΐ之範圍之溫度下加熱該 316745 1331135 务、固物並加以碎解。 又’如採用烧氧化物法以製造弼鈦礦化合物時,則於 第—步驟中,將選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及Pb中的至少i 種之A群元素之烧氧化物及/或氫氧化物、與選自Ti、Zr、
Hf以及Sn中的至少1種之b群元素之烷氧化物的混合物 進行加水分解、於100至1400°C之範圍之溫度加熱所得反 應生成物’而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,在於第二步驟 中’在溶劑中於30至500°C之範圍之溫度下加熱該緊固物 並力口以碎解。 再者,本發明中,如採用溶膠_凝膠法以製造鈣鈦礦化 合物時,則於第一步驟中’使選自Mg、Ca、Sr、以以及 Pb中的1種之A群元素之溶膠、與選自丁丨、^、财以及 Sn中的至少丨種之B群元素之溶膠的混合物凝膠化,於 1 〇〇至1400 C t範圍之溫度下加熱所得反應生成物,而制 得触魏合物之緊固物,再於第三步驟巾,在溶劑中= 30至500 C之圍之溫度下加熱該緊固物並加以碎解。 鈣鈦礦化合物之各種製造方法本身,係已周知者 發明係依照此種以註用4 4 ^ 周知的方法以緊固物形態製得鈣鈦礦 化合物,並在溶劑中於3〇至5〇〇 '、 緊固物並加以碎解,而制” +乾U下加熱該 衣侍冋純度且粒度分佈狹窄的钙敍 礦化合物粉體者。 再者,如採用本發明,則在依照如上述的各種方法制 造舜鈦礦化合物時,可 法衣 約鈦礦化合㈣子之ο'/ 能促進或抑制所生成 之成長的原料,以製得鈣鈦礦化合物之 316745 12 系、固物’並將其碎解萝 化合物粉體。亦即:;::有所需平均粒子徑的㈣礦 化合物粒子之成長的W卞,w合有能促進或抑制妈敍礦 二碎二'二:::二_化合物之緊固物並 窄的粒度分佈的触礦化合U粒子搜之同時,具有狹 作為其他方法,亦可 土 混合有能促進或抑制成乂造的鈣鈦礦化合物中 合物之1⑯h 劑,加熱以料触鑛化 徑的::::合:::碎::即可製得具有所需平均粒子 制或抑制粒子之成長的添加劑,加妖以 欽鑛化合物之緊固物的步驟作為第一步驟,在溶劑 驟中所^㈣之範圍之溫度下加熱並加以碎解該第-步 付触龜合物之緊_,亦可製得具有所需 :之同時,具有狹窄粒度分布物太礦化合物粉體。 為促進上述妈鈦石廣化合物之粒子之成長,或改盖粒子 ::化度之用的添加劑而言,周知有:所謂燒結助劑、 ,、長促進劑、結晶化促進劑、助熔劑(nux)等者。此 =劑並非有所限i惟可舉具體例:如氧化t氧化銅、 ,以'氧絲、氧化㈣氧化物;如敦化納、氟化钟、 虱化紹、氣化鋼、氯㈣、氣化鋇、氯化料鹵化物。 又’以具有與此種添加劑相反效杲為目的之添加劑, 亦即’周知有稱為所謂燒結防止劑、粒子成長抑制劑等月者。 316745 13 1331135 此種添加劑並非有所限定,惟可舉具體例:如氧化r、' 氧切、氧化祐、氧化結等。亦即’如採用本:明羊, 穴步驟,可預先於所製造的約鈦礦化合物中添加 劑’將其加以熱處理,例如’使粒子成長後 體“,固物加以碎解,以製得具有所需平均极子徑的粉 如依照以往之鈣鈦礦化合物之碎解方法, 劑可能殘留於粒子間(晶粒間)而緊固粒子,J此=加 1得㈣之粒度分佈,或影響製品(例如 之特性。7 ’丨电體陶亢) 剩的成分而夂:==化合物粉體所用的原料中的過 即使=含法’則_礦化合物之緊固物 促進劑、助熔劑:=!;了子成長促進劑、結晶化 如將此寺添加劑或過剩原料等’本來不需要的^ 第二步驟中的添劑中不而要的成分溶解於 除經緊固之粒子之解4,」;;处飼鈦礦化合物去除之故, 化合物粒子之高純度化了❹效果之外’尚可獲得飼鈦礦 特別是,如採用本發明,由 對溶劑中的添加劑或過剩原二中’為增加 加例如’如氨氧化卸或氣氧化二要成…解度而添 等無機鹽、如乙_、Γ㈣寺驗、如氣化釣、氯化卸 酸或如乙酸等有機竣鹽,::更=鹽、如鹽酸等無機 本發明中所用溶劑可為有…:上果。 巧頁桉冷劑、無機溶劑,惟較佳 316745 14 1331135 為使用具有能溶解鈣鈦礦化合物之屑片粒子或鈣鈦礦化合 ,之f固物之晶粒間成分的程度之溶解性的溶劑,特別 ”易處理之故,較佳為使用水,或水混和性有機溶劑 ·與水的混合物。例如,作為溶劑而使用水時,_鈦礦化 。物之緊固物之7JC聚液濃度按ABQ3換算計,通常能成為 0.1至5莫耳/公升之方式使用水。 "在此種/容劑中加熱妈鈦礦化合物之緊固物的溫度,通 ㊉為30至5〇〇°C之範圍,惟較佳為6〇至5〇〇t;c之範圍如 從處理效率或經濟性來看,最佳為】〇〇至则。c之範圍。 如抓用本發明,則在此種第二步驟中的加熱處理時, 不僅為促進鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物之碎解,為促進屑片粒 T之溶解與再析出起見,溶劑中添加如鹼,例如氫氧化鋰、 氮氧化納、氫氧化钟、氫氧化鋇等驗金屬或驗土類金屬之 -氫氧化物的無機鹼,如有機胺類等有機鹼,例如,鹽酸、 石肖酸等無機酸,如草酸、檸檬酸 '酒石酸等有機酸。又, 籲溶劑中亦可添加因添加而能作為酸或鹼作用者。本發明 中,如此方式,;;容㉟中’錢或驗之存在下,較佳為授掉 之下,加熱鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物,即可有效進行碎解。 .但,溶劑中,鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物之加熱處理時,攪拌 • ·則不一定需要。 . 如此,本發明中,如在溶劑中將鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固 物’較佳為攪拌下加熱,即可溶解存在於賴礦化合物粒 子間的晶粒間之同時,溶解微細的粒子並能析出於其他粒 子上之方式進行碎解,即可製得造粒有触礦化合物的粉 316745 15 1331135 體。此種辦鈦礦化合物之緊固物之碎解時,由於 =驗之量愈多、又加熱溫度愈高愈能促進緊固物:: 及心田粒子之溶解.再析出之故而較佳;λ,如此^ ==子之溶解.再析出,亦能使粒子成長。如:覆 以二t: ’貝:不僅能將經緊固的鈣鈦礦化合物粒子加 解拉.以粒之外,尚可使其大粒子化。 ^另炎方面’如貫施飼鈦鑛化合物,例如欽酸鋇之熱處 寸,為抑制粒子成長以防止昱當 …、 為原料的鋇成分較化…ΐ 長起見,有時將作 叶㈣成刀較化學计异理論量為過剩之方式添加,惟 日「作為晶粒間成分而將副生成Ba2Ti〇4。依照本發明, 如此方式碎解含有Ba Ti〇的 的緊固物’即可同時從鈦酸鋇 t去除不品要的上述副生成物。 《再者,如於溶劑中,加熱約欽礦化合物之緊固物,微 =妈鈦礙化合物粒子則溶解於溶劑中並再析出於更大粒 而消失’其結果’依照本發明,可製得經造粒並粒度 :料窄的_化合物粉體。因而,如緊固物係預先經 丽述般的以往之碎解手段者日士甘取门& 仅考吩,其緊固物將含有屑片粒 ’惟如依照本發明而進行此種緊固物之碎解時,則可從 :固物去除此種屑片粒子之下,製得經造粒的㈣礦化合 物0 又,在使用約鈦礦化合物粉體以製造介電體陶究時, 為調節其粉體之燒結性或繞結體之電氣特性起見,有時作 為添加劑而對賴礦化合物粉體添加例如:石朋、紐、驗金 屬(例如,链、鉀、納等)、稀土類元素(例如,紀(yttnum)、 316745 16 1331135 鋼、斜、鈥等)、過渡金屬(例如,猛、鐵、姑、錕等)、矽、 鋁等化合物,惟依照本發明以碎解鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物 時’當然’鈣鈦礦化合物中亦可含有此種添加劑。如依照 本發明,可於溶劑中添加此種添加劑並在其溶劑中加熱緊 固物,亦可添加於加熱處理前或加熱處理後之妈鈦礦化合 物中。 (產業上之利用可能性) • 如依照本發明之方法,由於在溶劑中加熱鈣鈦礦化合 物之*固物並加以碎解之故,並無源自所摩耗的粉體媒體 的不純物之混入,又,亦無鈣鈦礦化合物本身之屑片粒子 之混入,結果,可製得高純度且粒度分佈狹窄的鈣鈦礦化 合物粉體。 又如依知本發明’在辦鈦礦化合物之製造時,原料 中混合有能促進或抑制鈣鈦礦化合物粒子的成長之添加 劑,以製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物時、或對預先所製造的 籲鈣鈦礦化合物中混合有能促進或抑制鈣鈦礦化合物粒子的 成長之添加劑,加熱後以製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物時, 如在溶劑中加熱此種緊固物並加以碎解,即可製得無源自 經摩耗的粉碎媒體的不純物之混入,&,亦無触礦I合 物本身之屑片粒子之混入的高純度且粒度分佈狹窄的飼鈦 礦化合物粉體。 (實施例) 以下舉出貫施例及比較例以說明本發明,惟本發明 不因此等實施例而有所限定。粒子之種種物性或粉體照片 316745 135 之攝影,係依照下列所記載的方法。 (平均粒子徑之測定) …將適里^添加於〇〇25重量m之六偏構酸納水 ♦液中’使用曰本精機製作所製超音波均化器 (h_genize〇(US-_T)分散2分散以調製受檢液就此受 檢液’使用粒度分佈測定裝置(曰機裝社製微執距法 (microtrack)X-lOO)加以測定。 (比表面積之測定) 使用贿(布魯竭厄一埃梅特-泰勒法,Bimner-Emmett-ler method)式之茂恩特克社製⑽作m〇deM2〇3加以 測定。 (鈣鈦礦化合物粉體中之不純物之測定) 使用电水發光分析裝置(精工儀表社製加以測 定。 (粉體照片之攝影) 使用日本屯子社製掃描式電子顯微鏡KM_56〇以 攝影。 貫施你Μ (依水熱法的鈦酸鉬粉體之製造) (苐一步驟) 對氫氧㈣(以氧化鈦計為3Q重量%)ui5g(以欽計為 :、耳)’在虱氣氛下添加氫氧化鋇8結晶水鹽(Ba(0H)2. 产 以鋇6十為〇·5莫耳),加水後調整漿液(slurry) 又...吴耳/公升(BaTi〇3換算)。將此聚液置入欽製燒 316745 1331135 杯中並置入1公升容量之高壓蚤中’以550至600rpm攪 拌之下,按100°C厂卜時之速度升溫至20〇。〇,在200°C下 進行水熱反應5小時。反應終了後’對所得浆液吹入二氧 化碳至pH成為6.5止後,水洗,過濾,在11 〇下乾燥, 製得鈦酸鉬。以下,簡稱該鈦酸鋇為在實施例1所得依水 熱法的鈦酸鋇。加熱該鈦酸鋇,製得比表面積44m2/公克 之鈦酸鋇緊固物。 (第二步驟) 將該鈦酸鋇緊固物直接置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 下對鈦酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳數之氫氧化鋇,加水後調 整漿液浪度為0.3莫耳/公升(BaTi〇3換算)。將此漿液置入 1公升容量之高壓爸裝置中,以200至25〇卬m攪拌之下, 按1〇(Γ(:/小時之速度升溫至200。(:,在20(TC下加熱2小 4。然後,將此漿液過濾,水洗,在丨丨〇£>c下乾燥,使用 瑪堪製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 1 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結果, 確5忍為欽酸鋇。又’如此所得鈦酸锅粉體之粒度分佈測定 之、、口 :平均粒子杈為0.5 # m、比表面積為5.3m2/g。 弟1圖衣示上述第一步驟所得鈦酸鋇緊固物之電 ㈣照片,第2圖表示粒度分佈,第3圖表示第二步驟: :付鈦S义鋇粉體之電子顯微鏡照片,第4圖表示粒度分佈。 實施例2 (依固相法的欽酸鋇粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 316745 1331135 科取纟界化學工業(股)製高純度碳酸鋇及高純度氧化鈦 之等莫耳之量,使用裝有附鐵蕊之耐綸(Nylon)球的聚乙烯 •製罐磨機(P〇t mill),實施濕式混合。將此混合物乾燥後, 在1200 C下加熱2小時,製得鈦酸鋇緊固物。該緊固物之 比表面積為1.2 m2/g。 (第二步驟) 使用瑪瑙製研鉢碎解該鈦酸鋇緊固物後,置入鈦製燒 杯中,在氮氣氛下對鈦酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳之氫氧化 鋇,加水後,調整毁液濃度為1.0莫耳/公升(BaTl〇3換算)。 將此水’夜置入1 A升容量之高壓蚤裝置中,以550至 。㈣授拌之下,按】00°C八!、時之速度升溫至250°C,在 75〇(^下加熱5小時。然後’將此漿液過濾,水洗,在110 c下軋燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 〜使用X線繞射及螢光x線觀察如此所得粉體的結果, 沾為鈦I鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分佈測定 ’平均粒子徑為lOwm、比表面積為1.7m2/公克。 % 5圖表不上述第一步驟所得鈦酸鋇緊固物之電子顯 片’第6圖表示粒度分佈’第7圖表示上述第二步 佈。付鈦酸鋇純之電子顯微鏡照片,第8圖表示粒度分
(,有機酸鹽法的鈦酸鋇粉體之製造) (第—步驟) ♦度5〇g/公升(鈦換算)之四氣化鈦水溶液々Μα中 3)6745 20 1331135 添加濃度267.3g/公升(氣化韻換算)之氯化鋇水溶液4制 以调製混合溶液。將此混合溶液添加於經保持為溫度煎 的♦度144.7g/公升(草酸2結晶水合物換算)之草酸水溶液 00ml。中,製得草酸氧鈦基鋇。將此草酸氧鈦基鋇水洗後, 在130 C下乾燥。在8赃下加熱該鈦酸氧鈦基鋇2小時, 製得鈦酸鋇緊固物。該緊固物之比表面積為7化2/公克。 (第二步驟) 使用瑪竭製研鉢碎解該鈦酸鋇緊固 杯中’在氣氣氛下對欽酸領緊固物添加同樣上= 鋇,加水後,調整激液濃度為莫耳/公升(BaTi〇3換算)。 將此聚液置入容4丨公升之高壓爸裝i中,上乂 550至 __拌之下’按_小時之速度升溫至贿,在 200〇C下加熱2小時。加熱後,將此毁液過遽,水洗,在 n〇°c下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所:體的結果, 破認為鈦酸鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鎖粉體之粒度分佈測定 之結果,平均粒子徑為3.8㈣、Λ表面積為72m2/公克。 實施例4 (第一步驟) 於實施例1所得依水熱法的鈦酸鋇中,作為過剩之原 料,對該鈦酸鋇添加0.3莫耳%之堺化 卿,使用裝有氧化錯球的聚乙焊製罐 品合’將此混合物加熱,製得比表面積] 4m»克之敍酸 頻緊固物。從該緊固物之X線繞射觀察,除鈦酸鋇以外尚 3)6745 1331135 存在有原(0rth〇)酞酸鋇(Ba2Ti04)之峰值。 (第二步驟) • 將該鈦酸鋇緊固物直接置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 ':對=酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳之氫氧化鋇,加水後調整 夜’辰度為〇.3莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入1公升容量之高 壓釜裝置中,以200至250rpm攪拌之下,按1〇(rc/小時 之速度升/JEL至2〇〇 c,在200t:下加熱2小時。加熱後,將 此水液過濾,水洗,在】〗〇t:下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉 碎’製得粉體。 使用X線繞射觀祭如此所得粉末之結果,之 分已消失再使用螢光X線觀察該粉末之結果,確認為 鈦酸鋇。如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之比表面積為2〇m2/公克。 置施例5 (第一步驟) 於實施例1所得依水熱法的鈦酸鋇中, =劑,對鈦酸鋇添加i重量%之士界化學工業(股)製氯化鎖 二晶水鹽’使用聚乙烯製罐㈣,實施濕式混合後喷霧 乾燥。將此乾燥物加熱,製得比表面積42爪2/公克之鈦酸 鋇緊固物。 (第二步驟) 將該㈣鋇緊固物直接置人燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 J =鋇緊固物添加^倍莫耳之氫氧化鋇,加水後調 正水液浪度為0.3莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入丨八 旦 高厂堅签裝置中,以鳩至2術师授掉之下,按】〇;:里/小 316745 22 1331135 時之速度升溫至20(TC,在2〇(rc下加埶 將此*液過遽,水洗,在⑽下乾焊' J:。加熱後, 粉碎,製得粉體。 口H❹瑪研鉢 確線繞射及螢光x線觀察如此所得㈣的結杲, 之:果.太酸鋇。又’如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分佈測定 里二’平均粒子控為〇.6/Zm、比表面積為4.6m2/公克。 ^使用螢光X線分析裝置測定如此所得鈦酸鎖粉體中 之氣含量之結果為l〇0ppm以下。 貫施你1 6 (第一步驟) 於實施例丨所得依水熱法的鈦酸鋇中,作為粒子成長 抑制劑,對鈦酸鋇添加〇·3 之氧切,使用聚乙稀 ,機’實施濕式濕後噴霧乾燥。將此乾燥物加熱,製 得比表面積6.2m2/公克之鈦酸鋇緊固物。 (第二步驟) • 將該鈦酸鋇緊固物直接置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 下對鈦酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳數之氯氧化鎖,加水後調 整聚液濃度為0·4莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入2〇〇1111容量之 冋壓釜裝置中,以200至250rpm攪拌之下,按1〇〇〇c/小 .時之速度升温至20(TC ’在2〇(TC下加熱2小時。然後,將 -此漿液過濾,水洗,在11 〇 c下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉 碎,製得粉體。 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結杲, 確認為鈦酸鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分佈測定 316745 23 1331135 之結果’平均粒子徑為〇 5以m、比表面積為6 5m2/公克。 再者’使用電漿發光分光分析裝置測定如此所得鈦酸鋇中 之氣化碎含篁之結果為900ppm。 f施例7 (依固相法的锆酸鈣粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 秤取堺化學工業(股)製高純度碳酸鈣及高純度氧化锆 •之等莫耳之量,使用裝有氧化鍅球的聚乙烯製罐磨機,實 施濕式混合。將此混合物乾燥後,在丨丨5〇〇c下加熱2小時, 製得比表面積3.0m2/公克之鍅酸鈣緊固物。 (第二步驟) 使用瑪瑞製研鉢粗碎該錯酸鈣緊固物後,置入欽製燒 杯中,對锆酸鈣緊固物添加同樣莫耳數之氫氧化鈉,加水 後’調整漿液濃度為1.0莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入丨公升 谷里之南壓爸裝置中,以400至450rpm搜拌之下,按1 〇〇 鲁°C/小時之速度升溫至25(TC,在250〇C下加熱5小時。然 後,將此漿液過濾,水洗,在11 下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製 研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結杲, •確認為鍅酸鈣。又,如此所得鉛酸鈣粉體之粒度分佈測定 •之結果,平均粒子授為1 · 2 # m '比表面積為3 · 3 m2/公克。 實施例8 (依固相法的鈦酸鎂粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 316745 24 1331135 j取界化千工業(股)製高純度氧化鎮及高純度氧化欽 之專吴耳之量,伸闲gjr t A 衷有氧化鍅球的聚乙烯製罐磨機,實 .:!'式’心合。將此混合物乾燥後,185〇t:下加熱2小時, •衣付比表面積2·5ητ/公克之鈦酸鎮緊固物。 (第二步驟) 使用瑪化製研鉢粗碎該欽酸鎮緊固物後,置入欽製燒 杯卜對鈦酸鎖緊固物添加同樣莫耳數之氯氧化納,加水 •,丄调整漿液濃度為! 〇莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入i公升 。合里之而壓爸裝置中’以1〇〇m㈣擾掉之下按_ C/小時之速度升溫至22〇。。,纟㈣它下加熱5小時。然 後’將此漿液過濾,水洗,在U(rc下乾燥,使用瑪堪製 研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 >使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結果, 確u為鈦馱鎂。又,如此所得鈦酸鎂粉體之粒分佈測定之 結果,平均粒子徑為4.2"m、比表面積為2 9m2/公克。 •實施例9 (依水熱法的鈦酸锶粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 對氫氧化鈦(以氧化鈦計為3〇重量%)131 5g(以鈦計為 〇·5莫耳)’在氮氣氛下添加氫氧化鏍8結晶水鹽(Sr(〇H)r 8H20)132.9g(以然計為〇.5 $耳),加水後調整聚液漠度為 1.0莫耳/公升(SrTl〇3換算)。將此漿液置入鈦製燒杯中並 置入1公升容量之高壓爸中,以550至6〇〇rpm攪拌之下, 按ioo°c/小時之速度升溫至20(rc ’在2〇(rc下進行水熱 316745 1331135
反應5小4。反應終了後,對所得裝液吹入二氧化碳至pH 成為6.5止後,水洗,過濾,在u〇〇c下乾燥,製得鈦酸 .總。加熱5玄欽酸錄,製付比表面積2 · 5 m2/公克之鈦酸錯緊 固物。 (第二步驟) 將該鈦酸鋰緊固物直接置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 下對鈦酸勰緊固物添加同樣莫耳之氫氧化鋰,加水後調整 •漿液濃度為莫耳/公升。將此漿液置入〗公升容量之高 籲壓蒼裝置中,以550至600rpm攪拌之下,按1〇〇π/小時 之速度升溫至2 0 0 C,在2 0 〇 °C下加熱5小時。然後,將此 漿液過濾,水洗,在nor下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎, 製得粉體。 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結杲, 確認為鈦酸勰。又,如此所得鈦酸锶粉體之粒度分佈測定 之m果,平均粒子控為0 7 # m、比表面積為3 公克。 •實施例1 0 (依固相法的鈦酸鉛酸鋇鈣粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 秤取高純度碳酸鋇、碳酸鈣、氧化鈦以及氧化锆按 Ba : Ca: T! : Zr 莫耳比能成為 〇 95 : 〇.〇5 : 〇·9 : (U 之量, 使用裝有氧化锆的聚乙烯製罐磨機,實施濕式混合。將此 。2物乾燥k,在1 〇〇〇。〇下加熱2小時,製得比表面積 3.1 nr/公克之鈦酸鍅酸鋇鈣緊固物。 (第二步驟) 316745 26 1331135 使用瑪瑙製研鉢粗碎該鈦酸鍅酸鋇詞緊固物後,置入 鈦製燒杯中,在氮氣氛下對鈦酸鍅酸鋇鈣緊固物添加同樣 .莫耳之氫氧化鋇,加水後,調整漿液濃度為1〇莫耳/公升。 將此衆液置入1公升容量之高壓釜裝置中,以2〇〇至 250rPm攪拌之下,按1〇〇t/小時之速度升溫至18〇t:,在 1 8 0 C下加熱2 0小時。然後,將此漿液過濾,水洗,在i j 〇 °C下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 _ 使用X線繞射及螢光x線觀察如此所得粉體的結果, 確認為鈦酸錯酸鋇鈣。又,如此所得鈦酸锆酸鋇鈣粉體之 粒度分佈測定之結果,平均粒子徑為08 # m、比表面積為 4.0m2/公克。 實施例1 ] (依固相法的鈦酸鋇粉體之製造) (第一步驟) 秤取堺化學工業(股)製高純度碳酸鋇及高純度氧化鈦 鲁之等莫耳之量,再者’對碳酸鋇和氧化鈦的合計量,添加 作為粒子成長促進劑的〇. 1重量❶/〇之氣化鈉,使用裝有氧 化錯球的聚乙烯罐磨機,實施濕式混合。將此混合物喷霧 乾燥後,在U5(TC下加熱2小時,製得比表面積i lm2/ 公克之鈦酸鋇緊固物。 •(第二步驟) 使用瑪瑙製研鉢粗碎該鈦酸鋇緊固物後,置入鈦製燒 '不中’在氮氣氛下對鈦酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳之氫氧化 鋇,加水後,調整漿液濃度為1.0莫耳/公升。將此漿液置 316745 1331135 入1公升容量之高壓蒼裝置中,以550至600rpm攪拌之 下^安1GG°C/小時之速度升溫至25Gt,在25(Γ(:下加熱3 小蚪。然後,將此漿液過濾,水洗,在丨丨〇。〇下乾燥,使 用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 •使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察所得粉體的結果,確認 為鈦酸鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分佈測定之結 果,平均粒子徑為M 、比表面積為l 3mV公克。再者, 使用电毁發光分光分析裝置測定如此所得欽酸鎖中之納含 置的結果’為15〇ppm。 賞施例1 2 (第一步驟) 於實施食"所得依水熱法的鈦酸鋇中,添加聚乙烯 醇,造粒後製作直徑20mm、厚度2贿之成形體。將此成 形體在1400下加熱4小時,製得片狀(taMet)之燒結體。 (第二步驟) 將,燒結體置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛下對欽酸韻 添加8吴耳倍之氫氧化鋇後加水。將此漿液置入容 量之高壓爸裝置中’按1(m:M、時之速度升溫至2赃, 在25(TC下残拌之下加熱心、時。然後,將㈣液過滤, 水洗,在UGt:下乾燥,使用瑪堪製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 使用X、.泉,.兀射及實光X線觀察如此所得粉體之結果, 確認為欽酸鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鎖粉體之粒度分佈測定 之結杲,平均粒子徑為40…比表面積為〇Um2/公克。
卑9圖中表示如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之電子顯微鏡昭月。 2S 316745 1331135 貫施例1 3 (依烷氧化物法的鈦酸鋇粉體之製造) .(第一步驟) . 將孟屬鋇在氮氣氛下,溶解於經在8(TC下脫水處理的 異丙醇中,以調製0.2莫耳公升濃度之鋇異丙醇鹽溶液。 > m、丙醇鹽在氮氣氛下容解於經脫水處理的異丙 ,中以凋製1 .〇莫耳/公升濃度之鈦異丙醇鹽溶液。將此 •等鋇異两醇鹽溶液及欽異丙醇鹽溶液按莫耳比能成 為1/1 =方式科量於燒瓶中,在氮氣氛下,擾拌回流2小 時。然後,徐徐添加經脫碳酸氣的蒸餾水進行熱成3小時 後冷部至至溫,製得鈦酸鋇。將此鈦酸鋇加熱,製得比表 面積2.5m2/公克之鈦酸鋇緊固物。 (弟一步驟) 將該鈦酸鋇緊固物直接置入鈦製燒杯中,並在氮氣氛 下對^酸鋇緊固物添加同樣莫耳之氮氧化鎖,加水後調整 籲漿液濃度為0.3莫耳/公升(BaTi〇3換算)。將此漿液置入工 公升容量之高壓釜裝置中,以200至250rpm攪拌之下, 按i〇o°c/小時之速度升溫至200〇c ,在200〇c加熱2小時。 然後,將此聚液過濾,水洗,在】1〇〇c下乾燥,使用瑪端 -製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。 使用X線繞射及螢光X線觀察如此所得粉體的結杲, 確認為鈦酸鋇。又,如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分佈測定 之結杲,平均粒子徑為〇 7以m、比表面積為3丨⑴2/公克。 比較例1 316745 29 丄叫135 將貫施例2之第一步驟中所得鈦酸鋇緊固物,使用電 装發光分光分析裝置所測定的結杲,係含有源自所用的原 • 料的鍅8ppm的不純物者。 • 將此鈦酸鋇緊固物置入裝有氧化鍅球的耐綸製罐(p 〇 t) 内使用佛利巨社製行星式球磨(p][anetary ball也⑴),實施 濕式粉碎。使用x線繞射及螢光x線觀察如此所得粉體的 結果,確認為鈦酸鋇。x,如此所得鈦酸鋇粉體之粒度分 _佈測疋之結果,平均粒子控為〇 8以爪、比表面積為2化2/ 公克。再者,使用電毁發光分析裝置測定如此所得鈦酸鋇 中之錯含量,為630ppm。第1〇圖中表示如此所得欽酸鎖 粉體之電子顯微鏡照片,第u圖中表示粒度分佈。 比較例2 將實施例1之第-步驟中所得鈇製鋇緊固物置入玻璃 製燒杯中,加水以調整漿液濃度為1〇莫耳/公升。在Μ °C下授拌此毁液5小時並攪拌後,將毁液過遽,水洗,在 • ll〇°C下乾燥,使用瑪瑙製研鉢粉碎,製得粉體。測定如此 所得鈦酸鋇之粒度分佈及比表面積,惟均與熱處理前之緊 固物不變,係未經碎解者。 【圖式簡單說明】 •第1圖於實施例",在第—步驟中所製得鈦酸鋇緊 固物之電子顯微鏡照片。 第2圖表示於實施例1巾,在第—步驟中所製得鈦酸 鋇緊固物之粒度分佈圖。 第3圖於實施例]中’在第二步驟中所製得欽酸鎖之 316745 30 1331135 - 電子顯微鏡照片。 第4圖表示於實施例1中,在第二步驟中所製得鈦酸 I貝之粒度分佈圖。 . 第5圖於實施例2中,在第一步驟中所製得鈦酸鋇緊 固物之電子顯微鏡照片。 第6圖表示於實施例2中,在第一步驟中所得鈦酸鋇 緊固物之粒度分佈圖。 、 第7圖於實施例2中’在第二步驟中所製得鈦酸鎖之 馨電子顯微鏡照片。 第8圖表示於實施例2中,在第二步驟中所製得鈦酸 鋇之粒度分佈圖。 λ 第9圖於實施例12中’在第二步驟中所製得鈦酸鋇之 電子顯微鏡照片。 ' 第10圖於比較例1中,作為粉碎媒體而使用氧化鍅熔 珠以濕式粉碎鈦酸鋇緊固物所製得鈦酸鋇 #鏡照片。 电于顯微 第】1圖表示於比較例1中 锆熔珠(beads)以濕式粉碎鈦 热' ^ τ媒體而使用氧化 體之粒度分佈圖。 、$固物所製得鈦酸鋇粉

Claims (1)

1331135 申請專利範園 第941CM149號專利申請索 rm_ F-方‘扑母;、 /1 ΑΒ〇3 (式中,A表示至少 之Β群元素) 群70素、以示至少1種 表示的鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物的第_ 礦化合物含有選自Mg、Ca ^中該触 種作為A群元素及含有選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及s由 至少1種以作為B群元素;以及 11之 在溶劑中,在粉碎媒體左 之範圍之溫度下加Π第存牛在^於100至灣 从七跃熟上述第一步驟所製得鈣鈦礦化合 物之緊固物並加以碎解的第二步驟。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,於第一步驟中, =選—自WSr、Ba以及^之至少群元 >素之虱虱化物與選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及%中之至少^種 —B群元素之氧化物及/或氫氧化物的混合物,在水性介質 存在下於1〇0至30(TC之範圍之溫度下加以水熱處理、 並將所得反應生成物於100 i剛。範圍之溫度下 加熱’而製得#5鈦礦化合物之緊固物。 3·如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其中,於第一步驟中, 將選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及Pb中之至少j種A群元 素之氧化物及/或加熱會生成氧化物的化合物與選自 h、Zr、Hf以及Sn中之至少!種B群元素之氧化物及 (修正本)316745 - 32 I331135 : f999T4/r2?- ' /或加熱會生成氧化物的化合物的混合物,於600至1400 °C之範圍之溫度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固 .· 物。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,於第一步驟中, 在選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及pb中之至少1種a群元 素之水溶性鹽以及選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及Sn中之至少i 種B群元素之水溶性鹽,與選自草酸及檸檬酸中之至少 _ 1種有機酸形成複鹽後,將此複鹽於400至1400¾之範 圍之溫度下加熱,而製得鈣鈦礦化合物之緊固物。 5. 如申明專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,於第一步驟中, 將選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及pb中之至少丨種A群元 素之烷氧化物及/或氫氧化物與選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及k 中之至少1種B群元素之烷氧化物的混合物水解,將所 得反應生成物於1〇〇至14〇〇。〇之範圍之溫度下加熱,而 製得#5鈦礦化合物之緊固物。 • 6.如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其中,於第一步驟中, 使選自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba以及Pb甲之至少1種A群元 素之溶膠與選自Ti、Zr、Hf以及^中之至少群 π素之浴膠的混合物凝膠化’將所得反應生成物於_ 至140(TC之範圍之溫度下加熱,而製得触礦化合物之 緊固物。 7.如申請專利範圍笸, — 圍弟1項至第6項中任一項之方法,其 工士 i第、步驟令得到含有促進或抑制舞鈦礦化合物粒 、之添加劑的辦欽礦化合物之緊固物。 (修正本)316745 33 1331135 第94104149鏡專利申請案 (99年6月“ R 8·如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之方法, 十’於第·一步驟中在含有酸或驗的溶齑|丨由上Α 化合物之緊固物。 中加熱約欽鑛 9·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中,於 在含有酸或驗的溶劑中加_ 化合物=步驟中, 切之緊固物。 (修正本)316745 34
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US11962051B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2024-04-16 Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cell and method for producing precursor therefor

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US9005568B2 (en) 2015-04-14
US20080044344A1 (en) 2008-02-21
KR101158985B1 (ko) 2012-06-21
EP1798200A1 (en) 2007-06-20
CN101014538A (zh) 2007-08-08
KR20070058496A (ko) 2007-06-08
TW200606123A (en) 2006-02-16
WO2006016428A1 (ja) 2006-02-16
EP1798200B1 (en) 2017-03-22
CN101014538B (zh) 2012-07-04

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