TWI238105B - Method for producing ceramic - Google Patents

Method for producing ceramic Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI238105B
TWI238105B TW91106761A TW91106761A TWI238105B TW I238105 B TWI238105 B TW I238105B TW 91106761 A TW91106761 A TW 91106761A TW 91106761 A TW91106761 A TW 91106761A TW I238105 B TWI238105 B TW I238105B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
ceramic
oriented
orientation
pressing
degree
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TW91106761A
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English (en)
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Hirozumi Ogawa
Masahiko Kimura
Akira Ando
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Murata Manufacturing Co
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/002Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material assembled from preformed elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/26Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B18/00Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
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    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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Description

1238105
AT B7 五、發明説明(彳) 【技術領域】 本發明係關於陶曼的製造方法,特別係關於作爲例如壓 電體材料等電子材料使用的取向陶瓷的製造方法。 【背景技術】 在作爲本發明背景的習知陶瓷的製造方法中,有層積陶 瓷未燒結片,壓接並燒結的方法。在該方法中,以不增大 與加壓轴垂直方向的面積的方式壓制陶瓷未燒結片。採用 該方法得到的陶瓷,結晶粒子不發生取向。所謂取向,表 示形狀各向異性大的結晶粒子的方向全部一致的狀態。 另一方面,目前,特別係例如作爲壓電體材料等電子材 料使用的陶竟’已知結晶粒子發生取向的取向陶竟是有用 的。例如,在壓電體材料中,通過使以。5Ti4〇 5等層狀 飼鈦礦化合物陶瓷發生取向,在圓柱狀振子的厚度方向的 基本振動中’機電輕合係數增大到通常的無取向陶瓷的約 2· 2倍,這可由τ· TAKENAKA等的報告得知(Sens〇r and Materials,Vol,l,35(1988))。而且,通過採用超導材料製 造YBa2CU3〇7_占的取向陶瓷,與無取向陶瓷相比,臨界電流 密度提高到約12倍,此可由S.Jin等之報告得知(Physical
Review B,vol·37, No· 13, 7850(1 988)) 〇 目前,作爲取向陶瓷的製造方法,有熱鑄造法和模板顆 粒生長法(Templated Grain Growth)(TGG)等。 Τ· TAKENAKA等採用熱鑄造法製造NaQ5Bi45T i40i5取向陶 瓷。所謂熱鑄造法是對成形體加壓的同時進行熱處理(燒 結)的方法。採用該方法,可以得到取向度高的取向陶究^ -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
1238105 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 這時,取向陶瓷的取向度採用Rottgering法測定,達到了 98%。 另外,Seong-Hyeon Hong等採用 TGG法製造 Bi ,(Ti3 Q6NbQ 01) 〇12的取向陶瓷。所謂TGG法,是在成形之前預先混入具有形 狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子的方法。採用這種方法,用 1^〇1^261^叫法測定得到的取向陶瓷的取向度爲96%,壓電常 數d33上升到無取向陶瓷的約1· 5倍(J. Am. Ceram. Soc·,vol·83, 1 13(2000)) 【發明所欲解決的課題】 如上所述,採用習知的陶瓷製造方法,得到的陶瓷的結 晶粒子不發生取向。 另一方面,採用上述熱鑄造法和TGG法,得到的陶瓷的結 晶粒子發生取向。 但是,熱鑄造法除了需要採用可加壓燒結的特殊熱處理 裝置之外,還是採用間歇處理的熱處理的製造方法,因此 ’成本變高,不適合大量生産。 與此相對,TGG法由於不需要採用間歇處理的加壓燒結, 因此適合於大量生産。 但是,採用TGG法,與熱鑄造法相比,得到的陶瓷的結晶 粒子的取向度低。 爲了提高取向化的特性,例如提高機電耦合係數,必須 實現更高的取向度。對於取向度來說,因取向化陶瓷的種 類、製造條件和評估方法等的不同而不同,因此難以進行 單純的比較,但是,通常,採用TGG法與熱鑄造法相比,難 -5- 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家標,NCNS) Λ4規格(2i〇><297公釐) 1238105 A7 B7 ------ 五、發明説明(3 以獲得高取向的陶堯。 在表1中,表示我們進行的採用CaBi jH+〇 5重量 MnC〇3的習知陶瓷製造方法與熱鑄造法、tgg法的比較結果 【表1】 習知陶瓷 製造方法 Τ Ί尔/发逆平=I ! 熱鑄造法 TGG法 取向度 0% 98% 91¾ 厚度滑動振動 的機電耦合係數 15% 35. 1% 30. 5% 由表1可知’與習知陶瓷製造方法相比,採用熱鑄造法和 TGG法製造的陶瓷的結晶粒子發生取向,但是,採用TGG法 製造的陶竟與採用熱鑄造法製造的陶瓷相比,取向度低, 特性的提高也比熱鎿造法的小。 因此,本發明的主要目的係提供一種陶瓷的製造方法, 該方法在燒結中可以採用通常的燒結爐,如果採用相同的 材料,可以製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向陶瓷的取向 度高的取向陶瓷。 本發明的另一目的係提供一種陶瓷的製造方法,該方法 在燒結中可採用通常的燒結爐,如果採用相同的材料,町 製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向陶竟的取向度高且與 採用熱鑄造法製造的取向陶瓷的取向度程度相同的取向陶 瓷。 本發明的另一目的係提供一種陶瓷的製造方法,該方法 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(21〇 X 297公資) 1238105 五、發明説明(4 ) 在燒結中可以採用通常的燒結爐,如果採用相同的材料, 可以製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向陶瓷的取向度高 且燒結密度高的取向陶瓷。 【解決課題的手段】 本發明的陶瓷製造方法係包括:得到陶瓷生料的工序, 該陶瓷生料含有將具有形狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子、陶 瓷原料粉末和陶瓷原料的煆燒粉末中的任意一種或者二種 混合而成的混合粉末;成形陶瓷生料形成成形體的工序; 在單軸方向對成形體加壓,使成形體的與加壓軸平行方向 的長度比加壓以前小,使成形體的與加壓軸垂直面的面積 比加壓以則大,形成取向成形體的工序;和燒結取向成形 體的燒結工序的陶瓷製造方法。 在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,對於與加壓軸平行方向的 長度,較佳者為取向成形體的長度爲成形體長度的以 下。 =外,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法令,相對於混合粉末i〇q 重置% ,較佳者為具有形狀各向異性的陶瓷結 25〜52重量%。 于爲 而且,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,較佳者為具有形狀 各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子係扁平狀的,其最大直徑盘高产 ::即長寬比爲5〜10。另外,該長寬比也是陶L结晶心 的長軸尺寸與短軸尺寸的比。 的二發明的陶曼製造方法中,具有形狀各向異性 是〜30粒子較佳者為具有層狀鈣鈦礦型結晶結構。 1238105 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 在本發明的陶竞製造方法47,在燒結中可採用通常的燒 結爐,如果採用相同的材料,可以製造取向度比採用TGG 法製造的取向陶瓷的取向度高的取向陶瓷。即,在本發明 的陶瓷製造方法中,可降低陶瓷的生産成本,同時與TGG 法相比’能夠提南製造的陶竟的取向度。 另外,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,對於與加壓軸平行 方向的長度’如果取向成形體的長度係成形體長度的1/2 以下,可得到取向度更高的陶瓷,例如可得到與採用熱鑄 造法得到的陶瓷的取向度相同程度的陶瓷。 而且,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,如果相對於混合粉 末100重量%,具有形狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子爲25〜52 重量% ’則可得到取向度高、燒結密度也高的陶瓷。 另外,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,如果具有形狀各向 異性的陶瓷結晶粒子爲扁平狀,並且其最大直徑與高度的 長寬比爲5〜1 〇,則可得到取向度更高的陶瓷。另外,如果 該長寬比大於1〇,則陶瓷的密度降低。 而且,在本發明的陶瓷製造方法中,如果具有形狀各向 異性的陶瓷結晶粒子具有層狀鈣鈦礦型結晶構造,則取向 陶竟取向度增咼的效果變得顯著,可得到具有良好的壓電 特性的陶兗。作爲這樣具有層狀鈣鈦礦型結晶構造的物質 ’可舉出例如 BiffOs、CaBi2Nb209、SrBi具09、BaBi2Nb209 ' PbBi^Nb2〇9' CaBi Ja20r SrBi Ja209 ^ BaBi Ja209 ^ PbBi2Ta209 Bi3TiNb09 . Bi3TiTa09 ^ Bi4Ti3〇12 ^ SrBi3Ti2NbOl2 > BaBi3Ti2Nb012 > PbBi:3Ti2Nb012 ^ CaBiJi4Ol5 vSrBiJi4〇l5 > -8-
1238105 Λ 7 Β7
A 7 B7 1238105 五、發明説明(7 ) 的片的層積物L放入模具1 〇中後進行加壓,製造樣品。这時 ,通過調節模具10的大小,調整厚度,使1 25 mm、1 7 mm 、2 mm、3· 3 mm的層積物L的壓延率分別爲0 8、〇 6、〇 5 、〇· 3,使壓接後的厚度約爲i mm。壓延率係在將片重疊的 層積物L中,加壓後的厚度&相對於加壓前的厚度Η。,用下 式定義。 壓延率=H^H。 爲了進行比較’作爲現有技術的TGG法,如圖2所示,採 用與片同樣大小的模具1,對於上述疊合的片的層積物L, 使與加壓轴平行方向的長度和與加壓方向垂直面的面積與 加壓之前相比沒有變化,即壓延率爲1.〇,將片相互黏接製 造樣品。 然後’將這些樣品在115 0 °C下進行2個小時的熱處理(燒 成)並燒結,通過Rottgering法測定樣品表面的取向度。 所謂Rottgering法係測定樣品取向度的一個方法。即, 將來自無取向樣品的各結晶面(hkl)的反射強度作爲 I(hkl)’其合計爲Σ I(hkl)。來自其中(〇〇1)面的反射強度 1(001)的合計爲ΣΙ(001),它們的比pQ用下式求出。 Ρ〇= { Σ 1(001)/1 I(hkl)} 同樣,對於取向樣品,對反射強度求出2 i (hkl)和 ΣΙ(001),用下式求出它們的比作爲p。 Ρ= { Σ Ι(001)/Σ I(hkl)} 另外,採用P。和P用下式求出取向度F ^ Ρ〇)/(1 —Ρ〇)}χ100(%) -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 1238105 A7 ____ B7 _ 五、發明説明(8 ) 另外,爲了進行比較,通過熱鑄造法製造與上述實施例 的樣品同樣組成的樣品。所謂熱鑄造法是燒成過程中對樣 品施加單軸壓力的方法。這時,在與上述實施例中採用的 瑕燒粉末同樣的煆燒粉末中混合有機黏合劑,採用壓製成 幵^製成直徑17 mm、高度8 mm左右的圓柱樣品。將該樣品在 uscrc下熱處理(燒成)2個小時,在熱處理過程中對樣品施 加全壓500 kg左右的單轴壓力。 如上所述製造的樣品的壓延率與取向度的關係如表2所 示。另外,上述採用熱鑄造法製造的樣品的取向度爲98%。 【表2】 *標記爲本發明範圍之外 壓延率 取向度(%) 1· 0* 91 0· 8 95 0· 6 96 0· 5 98 0. 3 98 如表2所示,對於本發明的任意一種樣品’取向度都在95% 以上。 與此相對’採用使與加壓軸平行方向的長度和與加壓方 向垂直的面的面積與加壓之前相比沒有變化即壓延率爲 i. 0的TGG法’所製造的樣品的取向度爲91%。 另外,由表2等可知,對於本發明的樣品,在壓延率爲〇· 5 以下時’即對於與加壓軸平行方向的長度,取向成形體的 -11 >
尺度適财國國家標準(CNS) “%格(:n〇x;7iT 1238105 A 7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 長度爲成形體長度的1/2以下時,可以獲得取向度與採用熱 鑄造法得到的取向陶瓷的取向度相同程度的取向陶曼。 另外,作爲參考,取向陶瓷CaBi iTi 的取向度與厚度 滑動振動的機電耦合係數的關係如表3所示。 取向度(%) 厚度滑動振動的 機電耦合係數(%) 91 30· 5 93 31· 1 95 31. 9 96 32. 7 98 33. 8 由表3可知,取向陶竟CaBi4Ti4015,隨著取向度的提高, 厚度滑動振動的機電耦合係數也提高。 在上述實施例的樣品中,使板狀陶瓷粉末的含量爲10 重量%、25重量!%、45重量!%、50重量%、52重量%、60重量% ,測定樣品的取向度和密度。這時,使板狀陶瓷粉末的長 寬比爲10,使樣品的壓延率爲0. 5。其結果如表4所示。 【表4】 板狀陶瓷粉末 的含量(重量%) 取向度(%) 密度(g/cm3) 10 60 6. 9 25 85 7. 1 45 95 7. 2 -12 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 2(J7公釐) 1238105 A.7 B? 五、發明説明 50 ———^ 98 7. 2 52 98 7. 15 60 98 6· 7 長寬比=1〇,壓延率=〇 5 而且’作爲TGG法的結果,對於表4中所示結果的樣品, 使壓延率爲1 · 〇,製造樣品,測定該樣品的取向度和密度。 其結果如表5所示。 【表5】 板狀陶瓷粉末 的含量(重量% ) 取向度(%) 密度(g/cm3) 10 47 6. 8 25 74 6. 8 45 85 7· 0 50 91 7.0 52 91 6. 95 60 91 6. 5 長寬比= 10,壓延率= 1.0 另外,表4和表5表示的結果中,板狀陶瓷粉末的含量與 樣品取向度的關係如圖3的曲線所示。 由表4、表5和圖3所示的曲線可知,在實施例中,與tgg 法相比,樣品的取向度高。 另外,由表4和圖3所示的曲線可知,在實施例中,如果 板狀陶瓷粉末的含量在25重量%以上,可獲得85%以上的取 向度’如果板狀陶瓷粉末的含量在45重量%以上,可獲得95 % -13- 本紙張尺度適用十國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1238105
以上的取向度,如果板狀陶瓷粉末的含量在5〇重量%以上, 可獲得9 8%以上的取向度。 而且,表4和表5表示的結果中,板狀陶瓷粉末的含量和 樣品密度的關係如圖4的曲線所示。 由表4、表5和圖4表示的曲線可知,在實施例中,與TG(; 法相比,樣品的密度高。 另外’由表4和圖4所示的曲線可知,在實施例中,如果 板狀陶竟粉末的含量爲25〜52重量%,則樣品的密度增大至 7.1(g/cm3)以上,如果板狀陶瓷粉末的含量爲45〜5〇重量% ,則樣品的密度進一步增大。因此,相對於混合了板狀陶 瓷粉末與陶瓷原料的煆燒粉末的混合粉末1〇〇重量%,板狀 陶竟粉末較佳者爲25〜52重量%,板狀陶瓷粉末更佳者爲 45〜50重量%〇 對於上述實施例的樣品,使板狀陶瓷粉末的長寬比爲2 、4、5、10,測定樣品的取向度。這時,相對於板狀陶瓷 粉末和陶瓷原料的煆燒粉末的混合粉末1〇〇重量%,使板狀 陶瓷粉末的含量爲50重量%,使樣品的壓延率爲〇 5。其蜂 果如表6所示。 【表6】 長寬比 取向度(%). 2 70 4 91 5 98 10 98 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1238105 A7 B7 五、發明説明(12 ) 板狀陶瓷粉末的含量二50重量%,墨延率二〇 5 而且,作爲TGG法的結果’對於表6中所示結果的樣品, 使壓延率爲i.O,製造樣品’測定該樣品的取向度。其結果 如表7所示。 【表7】 長寬比 取向度(%) 2 62 4 83 5 91 10 91
板狀陶曼粉末的含里==50重量%,壓延率Q 另外’表6和表7表示的結果中’板狀陶瓷粉末的長寬比 和樣品取向度的關係如圖5的曲線所示。 由表6、表7和圖5所示的曲線可知,在實施例中,與TG(; 法相比’樣品的取向度局。 另外’由表6和圖5所示的曲線可知,在實施例中,如果 使板狀陶竟粉末的長寬比爲4以上,則可獲得91%以上的取 向度,如果使板狀陶瓷粉末的長寬比爲5以上,則可獲得98% 以上的取向度。另外,如果其長寬比大於1〇,則陶瓷的密 度降低。因此’板狀陶究粉末的長寬比較佳者爲4〜1〇,板 狀陶瓷粉末的長寬比更佳者爲5〜1〇。 另外,雖然在上述實施例中,混合粉末中採用了板狀陶 瓷粉末,但在本發明中,也可以代替板狀陶瓷粉末,採用 具有其他形狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子。 -15- 1238105 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 而且,雖然在上述實施例中,混合粉末中採用了陶竟原 料的煆燒粉末,但在本發明中,也可以代替陶瓷原料的煆 燒粉末’採用陶曼原料的粉末,另外,也可以與陶竟原料 的煆燒粉末一起採用陶瓷原料的粉末。 另外,雖然在上述實施例中採用了壓電體材料,但在本 發明中並不限於壓電體材料,可以採用其他材料。 而且,雖然在上述實施例中採用刮刀法形成成形體,但 在本發明中,可採用擠出、各向異性加壓、壓延等其他成 形法形成成形體。 【發明的效果】 根據本發明,在燒結中可採用通常的燒結爐,如果採用 相同的材料,可以製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向陶瓷 的取向度高的取向陶瓷。 另外,根據本發明,在燒結中可採用通常的燒結爐,如 果採用相同的材料,可製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向 陶瓷的取向度高並且與採用熱鑄造法製造的取向陶瓷的取 向度程度相同的取向陶瓷。 而且,根據本發明,在燒結中可採用通常的燒結爐,如 果採用相同的材料,可製造取向度比採用TGG法製造的取向 陶瓷的取向度高且燒結密度高的取向陶瓷。 【圖式之簡單說明】 圖1係表示本發明的陶瓷製造方法一個實例的工序的圖 解圖。 圖2係表示以往陶瓷製造方法一個實例的工序的圖解圖。 -16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS) A4規格(2U) X 297公梦) 1238105
AT B7 五、發明説明(14 ) 圖3係表示實施例和採用TGG法製造的樣品中板狀陶i粉 末的含量和取向度的關係的曲線。 圖4係表示實施例和採用TGG法製造的樣品中板狀陶曼粉 末的含量和密度的關係的曲線。 圖5係表示實施例和採用TGG法製造的樣品中長寬比與取 向度的關係的曲線。 【符號說明】 10 —模具 L 一層積物。 -17- 本紙張义度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)

Claims (1)

1238105 第091106761號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(93年6月) A B c D
々、申請專利範圍~-- ,6, IB : 1. -種陶充的製造方法,纟包含以下步驟: 佧到陶曼生料的步驟,該陶究生料含有將具有形狀各 向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子與陶瓷原料粉末及陶瓷原料的 炸又k私末中的任意一種或二種混合形成的混合粉末,其 中上述具有形狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子係扁平狀的 ,其最大直徑與高度之比即長寬比爲5〜1〇 ; 成形上述陶瓷生料形成成形體的步驟; 在單軸方向對上述成形體進行加壓,使上述成形體的 與加壓軸平行方向的長度比加壓以前小,使上述成形體 的與加壓軸垂直的面的面積比加壓之前大,形成取向成 形體的步驟;及 燒結上述取向成形體的燒成步驟。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之陶瓷製造方法,其中在與上述 加壓軸平行方向的長度中,上述取向成形體的長度係上 述成形體長度的1/2以下。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之陶瓷製造方法,其中相對於 上述混合粉末1 〇〇重量%,上述具有形狀各向異性的陶 竟結晶粒子爲2 5〜5 2重量%。 4.如申請專利範圍第1項之陶瓷製造方法,其中上述具有 形狀各向異性的陶瓷結晶粒子具有層狀鈣鈦礦型結晶 結構。 -15· 中國國 X 297公釐Ϊ
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