TWI229069B - Recovery of metals - Google Patents
Recovery of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI229069B TWI229069B TW90121976A TW90121976A TWI229069B TW I229069 B TWI229069 B TW I229069B TW 90121976 A TW90121976 A TW 90121976A TW 90121976 A TW90121976 A TW 90121976A TW I229069 B TWI229069 B TW I229069B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- patent application
- resin
- ion exchange
- scope
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 rhodium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGAAZDHHGVLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[Ge+2].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[Ge+2].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-] FGAAZDHHGVLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBTDWOYYLBNOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [GeH4+]C(=O)[O-] Chemical compound [GeH4+]C(=O)[O-] HBTDWOYYLBNOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WCJIUQVBQSTBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh].[Re] Chemical compound [Rh].[Re] WCJIUQVBQSTBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011234 economic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMLOZYVMENRVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].O=C RMLOZYVMENRVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002291 germanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIYHBCPZNHSHKU-UHFFFAOYSA-K octadecanoate rhodium(3+) Chemical compound [Rh+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FIYHBCPZNHSHKU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005533 tritiation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/20—Carbonyls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/79—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/403—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
- B01J31/4046—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals containing rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/74—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general utilising ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
- C01G55/001—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/026—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/822—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/845—Cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/10—Chlorides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
1229069 A7 ____ —_B7 五、發明説明(彳) 本發明係關於金屬價値之回收,並且特別關於鍺或鈷觸 媒價値的回收’特別是從烯烴氫醯化反應中。 醇類,特別是相當長鏈的醇類,工業上是以烯烴與一氧 化石反及氨、在升鬲溫度及壓力下的催化氫醯化反應來製成 。該反應一般以兩階段進行,首先爲烯烴之氫醯化,產生 C(n+1)駿’接著如下地將醛氫化成醇: (1) rch = ch2 + c〇 + h2 4 RCH2C2CHO (ii)RCH2CH2CHO + h2 4 rch2ch2ch2〇h 般’所用之觸媒爲過渡金屬,特別是姑或鍺。該觸媒 可以簡單的金屬鹽供應到反應中,例如:溶解於一些進料 烯烴中的羧酸鹽。對铑而言,仍不知道活性觸媒物種,雖 然其可能爲金屬的羰基錯合物。兩個觸媒金屬的每一個具 有超越另個的特別優點,並且在任何特別情況下的選擇 是基於所要觸媒性質的組合,包括觸媒的活性、提供金屬 到該系統的成本及所需產物的選擇性。铑比鈷具有爲更具 活性觸媒的優點,並其更具選擇性,產生較清潔的產物: 特別地,錄對中間體趁是大爲較不活發的氯化觸媒,使得 孩醛可從起始反應中以相當純的形式被回收。該醇可在第 二反應中以趁的氫化來形成。當#被用做觸媒時,部分的 醛一般被氫化成醇。然而,此氫化不完全,使得仍需要分 别的氫化步驟。使用鍺觸媒的缺點是比鈷昂貴許多,並且 此使得從產物中回收該金屬對製程的經濟性爲重要的。此 維持眞實的是:甚至铑觸媒的高活性意爲在產物中的觸媒 份量-般只要幾個ppm w/w(百萬分之一重量份數)。錄的使 -4- 1229069
用被缺乏實質上從此稀釋產物泥中回收所有铑價値的實際 意義而抑制。 英國專利-A-1321275敘述一種從此反應產物流中回收的 方法其中鍺被在驗性離子夂換樹脂上之特別金屬羧基氫 化物吸附而分離。該分離方法需要壓力良好地保持在大氣 壓之上,以確定铑羰基氫化物錯合物存在。 在此高壓下操作的需求、必要的錯合物及工業規模操作 的昴貴容、閥門和管線.,會限制此方法的應用。沒有敘 述從樹脂中回收铑的方法。 铑的價値意爲該製程的經濟性操作需要從廢棄樹脂中回 收铑。因此,需要經濟的方法從離子交換樹脂中來回收如 姥的金屬,該樹脂上有金屬化合物吸附。這不像大部分離 子交換樹脂再生製程般地簡單。我們已經發現:非常難以 從廢棄樹脂中以簡單的離子交換來移除铑價値。不願限於 理論,我們相信:起初萃取到樹脂中的铑物種可能是不溶 的,或其在萃取之後轉化成不溶的物種。不論理由爲何, 重要的實際結果是除了那些一般用於從離子交換樹脂中回 收以外的技術爲必需的。 英國專利-A-13552〇9敘述從離子交換樹脂中回收铑的方 法,藉著將負載鍺的樹脂以較低烷醇、水、水溶性脂族胺 及氧氣來處理。 英國專利15765 14敘述一種方法,其中來自鍺催化氫 6S化製程產物流中的蒸餾殘餘物,以含氧的礦物酸及過氧 化物處理,並且然後所得之铑鹽以離子交換器處理。然後 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1229069 A7 _____B7_ 五、發明説明(3 ) 該離子交換樹脂進一步以鹽酸處理,以脱附铑離子,其然 後在烷基膦化氫及水溶性有機溶劑的存在下,與例如:一 氧化後反應,再形成用於氫酿化反應的錄觸媒。 德國專利20454 15敘述一種回收姑的製程,其爲在驗性離 子交換樹脂上之羰基鈷的形式,藉著將負載在離子交換樹 脂上的羰基鈷以較低烷醇及水溶性鹼的混合物處理。 美國專利- A-43 88279敘述移除存在於有機反應所造成之 產物中的雇量觸媒,如:.铑,其存在於由氫醯化反應所造 成之醇產物中,以固體吸附劑處理前述產物,該吸附劑如 ,•周期表之IA或IIA族金屬化合物、分子篩或離子交換樹脂 ,是在溫度範圍從約室溫至約10CTC、及壓力範圍從約大氣 壓至約100大氣壓下。 包含醇產物的反應混合物首先必須與如:水溶性氫氧化 銨、無水氨或胺化合物的汽提劑接觸。在完成萃取或處理 期之後,包含幾乎所有鍺錯合物觸媒之汽提劑溶液從包含 醇產物之有機相中被分離,並且只有包含微量殘餘鍺的經 汽提醇流與固體吸附劑接觸。沒有建議從離子交換樹脂中 回收錢金屬的方法。 美國專利- A-5208 194敘述一種用來從有機溶劑中回收經 配位之铑氫羰醯基錯合物的方法,藉著與具硫酸活性基團 的酸性離子交換樹脂接觸。 本發明的目的是提供另一種方涂來回收金屬價値,特別 是從鍺催化氫醯化反應中回收鍺的價値。 本發明的另一個目的是提供另一種方法從金屬價値键結 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) " ~ 1229069
其上的離子交換樹脂中回收該金屬價値。 因此,本發明提供一種方法從反應產物流中回收金屬價 値,包含的步驟爲: a) 將反應產物流與鹼性離子交換樹脂接觸,使得至少一部 分的金屬以金屬物種鍵結於樹脂上; b) 燒結包含該金屬物種的鹼性離子交換掛脂,產生含金屬 及/或金屬氧化物的灰份;且 Ο從灰伦之殘餘物中分離該金屬及/或氧化物。 在本發明的第二個觀點中,我們提供從金屬物種键結其 上之離子交換樹脂中回收金屬價値的方法,包含燒結該樹 月曰,產生含金屬及/或金屬氧化物的灰份;並且從灰份之殘 餘物中分離該金屬及/或氧化物。 本發明之方法特別用於從氫醯化反應產物流中回收鍺或 銘價値。因此較佳的金屬包括鍺及鈷。 在本發明的另一個進一步觀點中,我們提供一種氫醯化 的製程,包含: a) 將烯烴與一氧化碳及氫在超室溫及壓力下、均相铑觸媒 存在下,以形成包含該鍺觸媒的反應產物流;並且 b) 土少邯分的反應產物流與驗性離子交換樹脂接觸, 使得在此至少一部分的鍺鍵結到樹脂上。 均相鍺觸媒較佳地是未經配位的铑化合物。較佳地,該 反應產物流在氫醯化步驟及與樹脂接觸之間的中間體步驟 ,疋不以氨或胺化合物處理。我們已經發現:在用來從反 應產物流中移除大部分金屬價値的習知技藝方法中所敘述 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1229069 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 發明之經過樹脂管柱的壓力降是從0.2至0.5巴。經過新鮮管 柱之壓力降通常是低於接近廢棄之管柱,可能是因爲在管 柱中的沉降及/或在管柱的微粒捕捉。 離子交換樹脂在較高溫下更快速地吸附鍺,並且因此吸 附製程通常會在室溫以上進行。然而,在氫醯化反應之趁 產物流中的鍺物種在大氣壓、溫度高於約120°C下爲不穩定 的。實際上,在吸附速度及穩定性之間是在從20至100。〇的 溫度下達-到平衡,特別是·在70至80°C爲最適當。當不同的 反應產物流被處理時,最佳溫度可不同於此,並且用於吸 附的條件必須根據被處理流的天性來選擇。 以離子交換樹脂萃取之鍺的形式不是如英國專利丨3 2 1275 所敘述之氫化羰基物種,而此錯合物需要高出氫及/或一氧 化碳之邵分分壓許多而呈現相當大的濃度(相對於鍺所存在 的總量),如:J.L. Vidal & W.E.Walker在 Inorg. Chem. 1981 249-254頁中所述。隨上述所註之溫度而增加的吸附速度 指出:在樹脂上所形成之物種的有限活化能。不限於理論 ,我們由此推論:該吸附製程不是簡單的離子交換製程。 出現了:铑以曝露於大氣壓而可被交換的物種而存在於反 應產物流^中,推想是藉著氧化並且所得之铑的氧化形式不被 離子夂換樹脂有效地萃取。因此,高度偏好在從中萃取铑之 觔’避兄曝路该反應產物流於大氣壓、或氧化的其他來源下 。實際上,來自氫醯化反應之反應產物流不故意曝露於大氣 壓下’直到任何後續之氫化反應產生醇產物之後。 在一般工業操作上,許多離子交換管柱是被在連結一起 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1229069
’:得產物流可被導到幾個管柱之一或多個當中,而廢棄 7 “王可攸使用中被移除,並且準備以再使用之新鮮樹脂 :w補。雖然於此所需要之管線及閥門不可避免地爲相當複 /雖,其爲本發明超越英國專利1321275的主要優點之一,該 專利的操作不.在高壓下進行。 ^ ,們已經發現:特別方便的安排是具有三個管柱及相關 的官線及閥門,使得任何兩個管柱可以流動率聯連結,並 且所餘的-管柱被分離。在.此類的操作中,第一及第:管柱 ^ 並且♦駟使用,同時第三個被單離並移除♦棄樹 脂且以新鮮樹脂置換。各管柱的尺寸及容量-般的選擇是 使得-個管柱能從反應產物流中萃取錄,在幾天並且較佳 爲大於兩週的期間内產生輸出濃度接近零,例如:低於0.5 ppm:並且通常是約〇1 ppm。因此實際上,各管柱的尺寸 及谷里及所堤官柱的數目是取決於要被處理之含錄產物产 的份量。管柱之不同數目及安排可較佳地取決於想要從f 回收鍺之製程的經濟評估。 ,在本發明觀點之方法的操作實例中,第一及第二管柱被 ,作f到上游管柱被廢棄,使得相當濃度的錄價値被通過 弟-官柱中。在此點,第三管柱被連結到第二管柱的下游 ,且移除第-管柱並置換樹脂,並且重覆該方法,而能夠 有基本上爲連續的鍺萃取。使用兩個管柱串聯意爲上游管 柱可用於近完全的容量’同時下游管柱仍相當新鮮。在第 -管柱吸附姥到接近其全部容量時,第二管柱維持相當的 新鮮,並且能夠吸附在從第一管柱流入之產物流中的:乎 • 11 - 本紙張尺度適用中S g家標準(CNS) A4規格(21GX297公董)~" ----- —_ 1229069 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 所有鍺。需要移除及從經單離之管柱中置換廢樹脂的時間 一般是比管柱的實際壽命短許多,使得不難以安排基本上 爲連續的操作。 樹脂容易燃燒,並且較佳地是控制燒結的方式,以避免 來自該製程顆粒的未控制釋出。因此,樹脂較佳地被乾燥 ,通常是在流動的空氣中並且在溫度範圍100-500°C下。乾 燥的製程必須小心地完成,避免濺出而造成樹脂的損失。 然後該樹-脂可在從約500至600°C下被引燃,並且然後含金 屬樹脂的燒結在從約600至約850°C的溫度下進行,例如: 高至約800°C。該樹脂一般是負載於淺盤中,而產生對空氣 的最大曝露並且促進燃燒。當燒結完成時,設備被容許冷 卻並且灰份被收集來準備用於所要金屬的分離,並且若想 要,後續再轉化成觸媒形式。 當一般鹼性離子交換樹脂是以含芳香環的聚合物-如:苯 乙晞-爲基礎,適當的商業規模焚化爐較佳地包括第二燃燒 階段,以確保來自起始焚化的煙霧被燃燒。因此,適當的 焚化爐包括在其中燃燒樹脂的主要燃燒室。空氣被吹經此 室中,並且油或氣引燃之加熱器被用來引發燃燒,且升高 溫度到燃燒的溫度。來自主要燃燒室的排出氣體,然後可 以油或氣引燃之加熱器通過維持在約800°C的第二燃燒室。 適當設備的實例爲伊凡斯通用(Evans Universal)之 ”Maximaster” II焚化爐。 殘餘的灰份包含經回收之金屬價値,例如:铑或鈷,以 及如:來自反應器工處自身的其他無機物質,如:金屬性 -12 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1229069 A7
物種;或來自交換樹脂的其他殘餘物。經回收之金屬物 一般以金屬或氧化物存在於灰份中,或最可能是含兩者= 混合物。從灰份中分離經回收之金屬化合物的方法是對^ 知金屬加工技藝者爲已熟知的,並且會取決於金屬的天 及需要被回收的形式。 、存在於灰份中的金屬-例如:鍺或鈷-可被純化,並且從其 被起初被傳遞的轉化回觸媒或另外成爲該金屬的其他:^ 。在較佳-的方法中,料鈷氧化物被轉化成鍺或鈷化 ,其爲烯烴之氫醯化反應的活性觸媒。例如:當該金屬爲 铑並且其需要被再用於氫醯化反應時,其可以水溶性Η。及 氯處理該灰份而自灰份中分離,可選擇地是在還原轉化Μ 氧化物成Rh金屬的步驟之後,以產生^^口3,其在若需要之 純化後,T與金屬幾酸鹽.例如:納鹽-反應,而轉化成爲缔 烴可溶之羧酸鹽,例如··硬脂酸鍺。經沉澱的鍺羧酸鹽然 後可被落解於烯烴進料中,再用做觸媒。使用此回收技術 ,我們已經成功地轉化大於9〇%的铑進料給氫醯化反應再使 用做觸媒。 實際上,方便地由專門金屬加工操作員使用特用於貴重 金屬工業的技術來進行從灰份中回收金屬。 實例爲·自燒結離子交換樹脂所回收的鍺氧化物,可以 已知的方法在進一步加工爲所要之鍺化合物或金屬之前, 被轉化爲鍺”海綿”,即:高度多孔形式的鍺。 下列的實例説明本發明。所有的份數及百分比是以重量 計,除非另述之。 -13- 本紙張·尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(21〇X 297公复)
裝 訂
1229069 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 實例1 铑萃取管柱被設置如下。鹼性離子交換樹脂-安伯利斯 (Amberlyst)A21,以乾燥的甲醇洗滌,以移除水份並且在氮 氣流中乾燥。22.5毫升的乾燥樹脂(約6克)被置於垂直乾燥 破璃管柱中,配有由恆溫控制之水浴供應的外層水夾套, 且具有内徑6毫米,並維持在|力爲絕對2吋水壓(約5毫巴) 的乾燥氮氣壓下。 在鍺存-在做爲均相觸媒·下,由混合庚烯進料之氫醯化反 應所製備的醛反應產物並且包含約80% C8醛,所餘主要爲 未反應烯烴及石蠟副產物,被用來做爲萃取管柱的進料。 趁反應產物在萃取管柱的進口被預熱到8〇°C。管柱的溫度 以經由水夾套通過80。(:的水而被維持在80°C。開始該管柱 ’ ★亥反應產物流被向上流地進料到官柱中,以擴張床約5 〇 體積%,並且移除氣泡。然後萃取是向下流地進行,保持在 管柱中的液體高度在樹脂的頂部之上,以維持該樹脂在被 淹沒的狀況。酸產物流的流速是約每小時45 〇亳升。萃取連 續了 27天的期間,並且在進入及輸出流的铑濃度間隔性地 被監測。結果發表於下表1中。
-14- t ® Μ
1229069 A7 B7
表1中的資料顯示:铑的有效萃取被維持至少丨5天的時門 。在操作27天之後,自管柱移除之樹脂的铑含量爲 克,相當於每100毫升乾樹脂中有4.5克的铑(每公斤樹脂= 160克)。樹脂之相當長壽命能使操作爲上所通述的多^管 柱-特別是三個管柱,而被相當簡單地實施。 實例2 從來自(:^至匕4烯烴氫醯化反應之醛反應流中所萃取的铑 價値,是-使用鍺爲均相觸媒來進行。所用之萃取管柱被— 般性地敘述於實例1中,但是爲較大的尺寸:内徑13毫米, 並且使用樹脂進料87毫升(約24克)。到萃取管柱的進料包本 來自連績合成谷器的約95% Cu·”酸。進料在除氣容哭中被 減到室壓,並且以排除空氣泵到萃取管柱中。管柱的溫度 被控制在70°C,並且流速爲808毫升.小時·ι。萃取連續丨丨天 ,在該期間到管柱之進料流的鍺濃度在2.9及4.7 ppm之間變 化,並且在出口流的濃度被整個維持在O.i ppm。 實例3 以混合庚烯進料之氫醯化反應所製備的醛反應產物在姥 及鈷做爲均相觸媒的存在下,並且包含約80% <:8趁,所餘 主要爲未反應烯烴及石蠟副產物,被用來做爲如實例丨所 述之萃取管柱的進料。萃取溫度爲8 0°C。姥的濃度從5 ppm 被減少到〇. 15 ppm。姑的濃度從15 ppm被減少到4 ppm。 f例4 存在於廢棄鹼性離子交換樹脂中的鍺,是在類似於實例」 及2所敘述的條件下所產生的,藉著在燒油之兩室燒結器[ -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(21〇 x 297公爱)
裝 訂
1229069 A7 B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 伊凡斯通用(Evans Universal) ”Maximaster” II]中燒結該樹 脂。該樹脂以甲醇洗滌,以移除殘餘的醛,並且然後以水 洗滌,移除甲醇。濕樹脂(10公斤)被分散於尺寸爲300毫米 X 850毫米χ75毫米的鋼盤上,並且置於該燒結器的主要燃燒 室中。起初,該樹脂在空氣流(90立方公尺/小時)中加熱到 500°C 35分鐘而被乾燥。在乾燥期間,近距離觀察顯示: 沒有藉著”噴出”或熱衝擊從盤中而有樹脂的損失。然後溫 度升高到-580°C超過15分鐘,並且引燃該樹脂。再經15分鐘 之後,在主要燃燒室中的溫度達到800 °C,並且維持在 700〜800°C再45分鐘,以完成該燒結。在燒結期間,在第二 燃燒室的溫度在70立方公尺/小時之空氣流下被維持在約 800°C,以燃燒來自主要燃燒室的分解產物。當燒結完成時 ,灰份被容許冷卻。該灰份包含65%姥,爲金屬加金屬氧化 物、以及微量的其他金屬(如:鐵)和其氧化物。 然後該灰份以HC1及氯處理,產生水性三氯化铑。催化用 的铑是與硬脂酸鈉溶液反應而得的。硬脂酸铑從溶液中沉 澱,並被分離,且溶解於晞烴進料中,形成母液溶液,在 進一步氫醯化反應中用做觸媒。 -16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- ;i2 :!1976號專利申請案 ^青專利範圍替換本(93年8月) 六、申請專利範圍1· 一種氫醒化反應之方法,包含的步驟為: a) 將晞fe與一氧化碳及氫在超室溫及壓力下,在包含铑 或姑或鍺及鉛之混合物之均相觸媒存在下,以形成包 含該鍺及/或鈷觸媒的反應產物流;並且 b) 在不超過5巴表壓(bar gauge)的壓力及不超過12〇 的 溫度下’將至少一部分的反應產物流與鹼性離子交換 樹脂接觸’使得在此至少一部分的铑及/或鈷鍵結到 樹脂上。 2如申請專利範圍第1項之氫醯化反應的方法,包含的步驟 為: c) 燒結包含經鍵結之鍺及/或姑物種的該鹼性離子交換 樹脂’產生含铑及/或鈷為金屬及/或金屬氧化物的灰份 , d) 從灰份之殘餘物中分離該金屬及/或氧化物;且 e) 可選擇地,轉化該經分離的金屬及/或氧化物成為在 步驟(a)中可用做均相觸媒的形式。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之氫醯化反應的方法,進一步包含 接著與驗性離子叉換樹脂接觸之後,將反應產物流通過 氫化反應步驟及/或分離步驟。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項氫醯化反應之方法,其中該反應產 物流與驗性離子交換樹脂是在不超過2巴表壓的壓力下接 觸。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項氫醯化反應之方法,其中該反應產 物流在與鹼性離子交換樹脂之前被脫氣(degassed)。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A B c D 1229069 六、申請專利範圍 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項氫醯化反應之方法,其中至少雨個 離子又換管柱被連接在一起,此方式使反應產物流被導 到一或多個該管柱中,並且至少一個管柱可從反應產物 流之流動中單離。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項氫醯化反應之方法,其中至少兩個 離子交換管柱被連接在一起,使其串聯地操作。 8. 如申請專利範圍第2項氫醯化反應之方法,其中在燒結之 前’該樹脂在100至50(TC之間的溫度下被乾燥。 -2 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公爱) " " ---.
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WO2004071456A2 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-26 | Plus Chemicals, B.V. | Process for preparing simvastatin having controlled ranges of simvastatin dimer content |
DE10357718A1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2005-07-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tricyclodecandialdehyd |
AR054096A1 (es) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-06-06 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Recuperacion de metales nobles de corrientes de proceso acuosas y proceso de preparacion de n-(fosfonometil)-glicina |
US7902398B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2011-03-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Method and apparatus for carbonylation with reduced catalyst loss |
DE102009001230A1 (de) | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abtrennung und teilweiser Rückführung von Übergangsmetallen bzw. deren katalytisch wirksamen Komplexverbindungen aus Prozessströmen |
KR101224503B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-09 | 2013-02-04 | (주)알티아이엔지니어링 | 백금족 금속 함유 산업폐기물로부터 백금족 금속을 회수하는 방법 |
TWI709566B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2020-11-11 | 美商陶氏科技投資公司 | 用於製造有機磷化合物的方法 |
KR101668727B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-10-25 | 한국원자력연구원 | 방사성 핵종을 포함하는 폐이온 교환수지 처리방법 및 장치 |
CN111439875B (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-05-31 | 东莞市逸轩环保科技有限公司 | 一种电镀铑钌清洗废水的铑钌资源化回收及水回用工艺 |
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US5312996A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-05-17 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Hydroformylation process for producing 1,6-hexanedials |
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NO20031007D0 (no) | 2003-03-04 |
BR0113685A (pt) | 2003-07-15 |
CZ303102B6 (cs) | 2012-04-04 |
NO20031007L (no) | 2003-05-02 |
BR0113685B1 (pt) | 2012-07-24 |
ZA200301323B (en) | 2004-02-05 |
WO2002020451A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
DE60114647T2 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
KR100741261B1 (ko) | 2007-07-19 |
KR20030036749A (ko) | 2003-05-09 |
CA2422477A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
NO328970B1 (no) | 2010-07-05 |
ATE308498T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
GB0021715D0 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
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EP1315693B1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
PL360580A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
AU2001282315A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
CZ2003619A3 (cs) | 2003-06-18 |
US20040102658A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
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CN1252021C (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
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