TWI222146B - Phase-change memory, electronic device using phase-change material and method for processing a semiconductor - Google Patents

Phase-change memory, electronic device using phase-change material and method for processing a semiconductor Download PDF

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TWI222146B
TWI222146B TW091121364A TW91121364A TWI222146B TW I222146 B TWI222146 B TW I222146B TW 091121364 A TW091121364 A TW 091121364A TW 91121364 A TW91121364 A TW 91121364A TW I222146 B TWI222146 B TW I222146B
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memory
layer
interface layer
carbon
phase change
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TW091121364A
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Daniel Xu
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Intel Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10BELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0004Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising amorphous/crystalline phase transition cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/011Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/20Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
    • H10N70/231Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/821Device geometry
    • H10N70/826Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/841Electrodes
    • H10N70/8413Electrodes adapted for resistive heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/881Switching materials
    • H10N70/882Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
    • H10N70/8828Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Memories (AREA)

Description

五、發明說明(1 ) 背景 概略而言本發明係有關使用相變材料之記憶體。 相變材料具有至少二不同態。該等不同態稱做為非晶 態與結晶態。可選擇性引發二態間的變遷過渡。由於非晶 態通常比結晶態具有較高電阻,故可區別二態。非晶態涉 及較為脫序之原子結構,而結晶態涉及較為有序之原子結 構。概略而言,可利用任一種相變材料;但於若干具體實 施例中,以薄膜硫化合金材料特別適宜。 相變化可以可逆方式誘生。因此,記憶體可由非晶態 改成結晶態且於隨後再反向變化為非晶態,或反之亦然。 實際上’各個記憶體單元可被視為可程式規劃電阻器,該 可权式規劃電阻器於較高電阻態與較低電阻態間可逆變 化0 某些情況下,記憶體單元可有更多態。換言之,由於 各個態可藉其電阻區別,故有多個電阻決定態則將允許於 單一單元儲存多個資料位元。 已知多種相變合金。通常硫屬合金含有一或多種選自 週期表第VI族之元素。一組特別適合的合金為GeSbTe合 金0 相變材料可於界定貫穿電介質材料之通道或孔口内部 形成。相變材料可耦合至通道任一端的電接點。 相變化可經由加熱相變材料誘發。於相變式記憶體之 若干具體實施例中,電流係經由下電極施加,下電極有足 夠電阻率或其它特性來加熱相變材料、且誘生適當相變 五、發明說明(2 ) 化。若干具體實施例中,下電極可產生約為600°C之溫度。 使用既有電極排列之一項問題為溫度愈高者,材料之 電阻率愈低。如此,當下電極被加熱俾便誘生相變化時, 下電極的電阻逐漸降低,因而產生的熱量減少。 如此·,需要有一種可控制方式來即使於升高溫度時、 於相變化材料附近提供足夠電阻。 圖式之簡要說明 第1圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例大為放大之剖面 園, 第2圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,第1圖所示宗旨 製造之早期階段之大為放大之剖面圖; 第3圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,第2圖所示具體 實施例於隨後製造階段之大為放大之剖面圖; 第4圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,第3圖所示具體 實施例於隨後製造階段之大為放大之剖面圖; 第5圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,第4圖所示具體 實施例於隨後製造階段之大為放大之剖面圖; 第6圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,隨後製造階段之 大為放大之别面圖; 第7圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例,又一隨後製造階 段之大為放大之剖面圖;以及 第8圖為根據本發明之一具體實施例之系統之示意圖。 詳細說明 參照第1圖,記憶體單元10包括相變材料層24。相變材 五、發明說明(3) 料層24可夾置於上電極26與下電極14間。一具體實施例 中’下電極14為矽化鈷。但下電極14可為任一種導電材料。 同理,上電極26可為任一種導電材料。 下電極14可界定一半導體基板12上方。於下電極14上 方’於包括相變材料層24該區外側可為絕緣材料16,例如 以二氧化矽或氮化矽做為絕緣材料16之二範例。基板12之 嵌入字線(圖中未顯示)可經由下電極14,施加信號之電流 至相變材料24。 含碳界面層20位於相變材料層24與絕緣體16間。一具 體實施例中,圓柱形侧壁間隔體22可界限於管形孔口内 部’該孔口係由含碳界面材料2〇及相變材料層24所覆蓋。 本發明之一具體實施例中,含碳界面層2〇可由碳化矽 製成。碳化矽於其單晶形式為寬帶隙半導體,帶有矽原子 及石厌原子之父替六角形平面。碳化石夕於工作時可加熱至6〇〇 °C,且有電阻率不會隨著溫度的升高顯著走低。因此,碳 化矽可極為有效用於加熱相變材料層24。再度,希望加熱 相變材料層24俾誘生相變材料層24介於非晶態與結晶態間 之變化。 界面層20不會隨著溫度的升高而導電率增加至如同其 它可資利用材料如矽化鈷的導電率之相等程度。於高溫之 電阻率降低,造成習知材料做為相變材料層24之加熱電極 較為不理想。於相對咼溫時,例如6〇〇它時,其它材料之電 阻率降低,而界面層20做為加熱器來誘生相變化之功效並 未顯著降低。 五、發明說明(4 ) 碳化矽由於屬於寬帶隙材料,故於較高溫時較不容易 喪失其電阻率。其它寬帶隙材料包括氮化鎵及氮化鋁。其 它可用於本發明之具體實施例做為界面層20之含碳材料包 括濺鍍碳及鑽石。 界面層2 0於碳化矽之情況下例如可藉化學氣相沉積而 沉積,及殄鑽石或碳之情況下可藉濺鍍沉積。也可採用其 它層形成技術。 某些具體實施例中,希望攙雜界面層20來提高其導電 率。某些具體實施例中,例如未經攙雜之碳化矽之電阻率 過高,結果導致電極14及26之溫度過高、或跨電極之壓降 過大。如此,例如離子植入可用來使用p_型或N-型雜質攙 雜界面層20俾改良界面層於退火後之導電率。 本發明之某些具體實施例中,可設置一層(圖中未顯示) 來改善相f材料層24與含碳界面層20間之黏著性。適當黏 著促進層包括導電材料,包括例如鈦、氮化鈦、及鎢等為 例說明。 參照第2圖,一具體實施例中,半導體基板12可以下電 極14覆蓋。然後下電極14由絕緣體16以及成形貫穿絕緣體 16之適當孔口 18覆蓋。 結果所得之結構例如使用化學氣相沉積而沉積含碳界 面層20,如第3圖所示。隨後於若干具體實施例中,含碳界 面層20接聋離子植入(如第4圖所示)俾提高其連續性以及 降低其退火後之電阻率。 如第5圖所示,間隔體材料22可沉積於界面層2〇上方。 五、發明說明(5 ) 於一具體實施例中,間隔體材料22為化學氣相沉積之氧化 物。氧化物材料隨後接受各相異性姓刻而形成筒形側壁間 隔體22(如第6圖所示)於孔口 18。 轉向參照第7圖,一具體實施例中,相變材料層24成形 於孔口 18内部,特別成形於由侧壁間隔體22所界限區域, 因而相變材料層24接觸界面層20。上電極26可沉積於相變 材料24上方。然後,電極26及相變材料24可經圖案化及餘 刻而形成第1圖所示結構。 經由使用含碳界面層20,相變材料加熱器之電阻率實 質上提南’同時改良加熱器於高溫之加熱效率。加熱器有 效包括下電極14與含碳界面層20之串聯組合。但串聯電阻 組合係由具有較高電阻之元素所主控,某些具體實施例 中’該種較高電阻元素為含碳界面層20。結果,層2〇與14 之串聯組合電阻係由界面層2〇之電阻所主控。 參照第8圖’第1圖所示記憶體單元可複製而形成包括 大量記憶體單元之記憶體陣列。該記憶體可用做為寬廣多 種以處理器為主之系統,例如第8圖所示系統4〇。例如,記 憶體可用於多種個人電腦產品,如膝上型產品或桌面型產 品或飼服器做為系統記憶體或其它記憶體。同理,記憶體 可用於多種以處理器為主之電器設施。同理,可用做為以 處理器為主之電話包括蜂巢式行動電話之記憶體。 通常’就降低成本及/或提高性能而言,相變記憶體可 有利地用於多個具體實施例。參照第8圖,根據前述原理製 成之記憶體48可做為系統記憶體。記憶體48可耦合至介面 五、發明說明(6 ) 44(舉例),介面44又耦合於處理器42、顯示器46與匯流排 50。此種具體實施例之匯流排5〇係耦合至介面52,而介面 52又麵合至另一匯流排54。 匯流排54可耦合至基本輸入/輸出系統(BI〇s)記憶體 62,以及耦合至串列輸入/輸出(SI〇)裝置56。SI〇裝置56例 如可耦合至滑鼠58及鍵盤60。當然,第8圖所示架構僅為可 包括使用相變材料之記憶體48之多種可能架構之一例。 雖然已經就有限數目之具體實施例說明本發明,但熟 諳技藝人士 了解可做出多種修改及變化。隨附之申請專利 範圍預期涵蓋落入本發明之精髓及範圍内之全部此等修改 及變化。 元件標號對照 1〇.··記憶體單元 14…下電極 18···孔口 22...間隔體 2 6…上電極 42··.處理器 46...顯示器 50,54...匯流排 58…滑鼠 62…基本輸出入系統記憶體 12…半導體基板 16···絕緣材料 20···含碳界面層 24…相變材料層 40…以處理器為主之系統 44 ’ 52···介面 48…記憶體 56…串列輸出入裝置 60…鍵盤

Claims (1)

1222146 六、申請專利範圍 第091121364號專利申請案申請專利範圍修正本 修正日期·· 93年02月MS L 一種用於加工半導體之方法,其特徵在於: 形成-含碳界面層於一半導體上;以及 形成一相變材料於該含碳界面層上方。 2·如申凊專利範圍第旧之方法,其中形成含碳界面層於 半導體上包括形成該界面層於成形於半導體上方之導 電層上方。 3 ·如申凊專利範圍第1頊 貝之方法’其中形成含碳界面層包 括形成一層包括寬帶隙半導體材料層。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3頊 ^ , y ^ A 、之方法’其中形成含碳界面層包 括形成碳化矽層。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4頊 .^ 乐4貞之方法,其進一步包括攙雜該碳 化碎層。 6·如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其進-步包括使用離子 植入援雜該碳化秒層。 7·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,包括形成-孔口貫穿絕 緣體’沉積該含礙界面層於該半導體上方以及孔口内 部。 8.如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,包括沉積相變材料於孔 口内之含碳界面層上方。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,包括形成一側壁間隔體 介於該界面層與相變材料間。 10·如申請專利範圍第㈣之方法,其中形成相變材料包括 10 夂、申請專利範圍 沉積硫屬化物層於該界面層上方。 u·一種相變式記憶體,其特徵在於·· 一表面; 一含碳界面層於該表面上方;以及 一相變材料於該含碳界面層上方。 12 ·如申請專利範圍第i!項之記憶體,#中該表面包括一導 電層於一半導體基板上方。 13·如申請專利範圍第U項之記憶體,其中該含碳界面層包 括一種寬帶隙半導體材料。 μ.如申請專利範圍第13項之記憶體,其中該含碳界面層包 括碳化硬。 15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之記憶體,其中該碳化矽層係攙 雜導電類型決定性雜質。 16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之記憶體,包括一絕緣體設置於 該表面上方,一孔口成形貫穿該絕緣體,該含碳界面層 係形成於孔口内部於該表面上方。 Π·如申請專利範圍第16項之記憶體,其中該相變材料係形 成於含碳界面層上且形成於孔口内。 18.如申請專利範圍第17項之記憶體,包括一側壁間隔體於 該孔口。 19·如申請專利範圍第18項之記憶體,其中該側壁間隔體係 位於界面層與絕緣體間。 20.如申請專利範圍第η項之記憶體,其中該相變材料包括 一種硫屬化物材料。 A、申請專利範圍 •一種使用相變材料之電子裝置,其特徵在於·· 一表面; 一含碳界面層於該表面上方;以及 一相變材料於該含碳界面層上方。 士申吻專利feu第21項之裝置,其中該電子裝置為儲存 裝置。 如申明專利範圍第22項之裝置,其中該儲存裝置屬於電 腦之一部份。 24·如申請專利範圍第23項之裝置,包括一處理器、一介面 以及一匯流排耦合至該儲存裝置。 25· 一種相變式記憶體,其特徵在於: 一半導體基板; 一碳化矽層設置於該基板上方;以及 一相變材料於該碳化矽層上方。 26. 如申請專利範圍第25項之記憶體,包括一導電層介於該 半導體基板與該碳化矽層間。 27. 如申請專利範圍第26項之記憶體,包括一絕緣體於該導 電層上方,該絕緣體有一個孔口界限於其中,以及該相 變材料及碳化矽層係形成於孔口内。 28·如申請專利範圍第25項之記憶體,其中該碳化矽層係經 攙雜。 2 9.如申請專利範圍第2 8項之記憶體,其中該相變材料包括 硫屬化物。 3 0 ·如申請專利範圍第2 9項之記憶體,包括一側壁間隔體介 1222146 六、申請專利範圍 於該相變材料與該碳化矽層。 13
TW091121364A 2001-10-11 2002-09-18 Phase-change memory, electronic device using phase-change material and method for processing a semiconductor TWI222146B (en)

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KR100558149B1 (ko) 2006-03-10
US20030164515A1 (en) 2003-09-04
WO2003038831A1 (en) 2003-05-08
KR20040044882A (ko) 2004-05-31
US6566700B2 (en) 2003-05-20
CN100470666C (zh) 2009-03-18
US20030073295A1 (en) 2003-04-17
US6869841B2 (en) 2005-03-22
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CN1610950A (zh) 2005-04-27
DE10297198T5 (de) 2004-08-12

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