TW583153B - Carbon material, production method and use thereof - Google Patents
Carbon material, production method and use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW583153B TW583153B TW091121259A TW91121259A TW583153B TW 583153 B TW583153 B TW 583153B TW 091121259 A TW091121259 A TW 091121259A TW 91121259 A TW91121259 A TW 91121259A TW 583153 B TW583153 B TW 583153B
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon
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- scope
- item
- carbon material
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- -1 polyethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 24
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical group CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylacetamide Chemical compound CCNC(C)=O PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OKAMTPRCXVGTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyoxolane Chemical compound COC1CCCO1 OKAMTPRCXVGTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELMWIVBBPAMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)N GELMWIVBBPAMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Description
583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(彳) 技術領域 本發明是關於碳材料及其製造方法,以及其用途。詳 細而言,是關於適合於二次電池用負極材料之碳材料、其 製造方法、使用該碳材料之二次電池用負極,以及二次電 池。 技術背景 隨著近年來小型攜帶式電子機器之發達,提高了對具 有高能量密度之鋰離子二次電池(以下,簡稱爲LIB )之需 求。用於LIB之負極材料是以可插入(Intercalation)鋰離 子之材料爲理由,因此石墨微粉成爲主流。 於負極材料用石墨材料之實用領域之放電容量以往爲 30◦至330mAh/g,隨著改良的進行,近年來開發出近於理 論容量372Ah/g之材料。 此放電容量是以鋰離子之可逆性之可插入量規定時, 可說是石墨結晶愈發達,所顯示之値愈高。實際上,天然 石墨比人工石墨更可得到優異之碳結晶性,成本低且放電 容量値亦高。 使用如此之石墨時,電解液必須使用碳酸乙烯酯(以 下,簡稱爲EC)系之電解液。EC是於石墨之表面上,於初 次之充電時,形成被稱爲 SEI ( Solid Electrolyte Interface) 之皮膜。由於形成此皮膜,可克服於充電時石墨結晶被破 壞之缺點。 EC雖是比較優異之有機電解液,但是有常溫下爲固體 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) 0¾ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財/i局Η工消費合作社印製
583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) ’難以操作,低溫特性亦非良好之問題。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 另一方面,碳酸丙烯酯(以下,簡稱爲PC)亦是比較 優異之有機電解液,而且於常溫下爲液體,比較容易操作 ’低溫特性亦優異。然而,因不形成SEI,如天然石墨之結 晶性優異,於表面上邊緣部份露出之石墨材料,會因充電 時引起石墨結晶之破壞,難作爲負極使用。 另外,作爲石墨系材料,已知有介穩相球碳,此材料 是因於構造上邊緣不露出於表面,即使是含有PC之電解液 ,比較不損及其性能而能使用。然而放電容量低,難以接 近理論値。 爲解決如此之問題,思考出各種方法。例如日本國特 許第 2643035 號公報(US Patent No. 5,344,726 )、特開平 4 — 370662 號公報(US Patent No. 5,401,598 )、日本國特許 第3 1 39790號公報及特開平5 — 1 21066號公報等提出,以低 結晶碳被覆石墨粒子表面之碳材料。這些碳材料因難以引 起電解液之分解,對於容量之提升或初期效率之改善是有 經濟部智慧財產局工消費合作社印製 然而,如本國特許第2643035號公報(US Patent No. 5,344,726 )中記載之技術,因於碳粒子表面以氣相法形成 碳被覆層,雖可得到較爲均勻且性能優異之材料,但是於 經濟性、量產性等之實用面上有問題。 特開平 4 — 370662 號公報(US Patent No· 5,401,598 ) 、日本國特許第3 1 39790號公報及特開平5 — 1 21066號公報 等是記載利用液相碳化之方法。這些方法對經濟性上是有 & 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29*7公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 利的,但是僅以液相之有機化合物及石墨粒子混合燒成, 易引起粒子間之熔接、凝集等,必須經再粉碎處理等之步 驟’變得複雜,並且易引起破碎面之包覆不充份等之問題 〇 日本國特許第297 6299號公報(EP 0 861 804 A1)中表 示’將碳材料浸漬於瀝青、焦油等之煤系、石油系重質油 後’以適當之有機溶劑等洗淨後,進行燒成處理之方法。 此方法雖然難以露出破碎面,但是瀝青等幾乎於常溫下爲 固體,並且含有發癌性強之有機化合物等,在安全性及操 作上有問題。 如上所述之公報中,亦有關於使用熱硬化性樹脂之記 載。然而,這些說明中使用熱硬化性樹脂時,難以除去硬 化中之氣體,伴隨而來之發泡殘留於通氣口,要作成實用 之物品是非常困難的。 因此,尋求對於電解液之限制少之鋰離子二次電池用 負極材料,以及改善其負極材料之操作性或安全性,具有 優異之經濟性、量產性之製造方法。 另一方面,使用石墨系材料爲負極活性物質時,因僅 有負極活性物質,將使導電性不足,所以常會使用導電性 賦予劑。具體上如碳黑、爐黑及氣相成長碳纖維。其中, 具有多方向分枝之氣相成長碳纖維是以氣相成長碳纖維絡 合負極活性物質,有效地提升負極全體之電傳導性。另外 ,電流之通路並不是只有負極活性物質之接觸點,認爲氣 相成長碳纖維亦成爲該通路,即使大電流流通時,具有抑 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝 、1· 經濟部智慧財/i^7a:工消費合作钍印% 583153 A7 ________B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 制放電容量降低之效果。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 於使用氣相成長碳纖維時,非以某種方法,使負極活 性物質與氣相成長碳纖維相混合,或是混練不可,至目前 爲止,曾進行乾式之單純混合(特開平5 - 174820號公報 )、或是以高剪斷性攪拌機之混合(特開平1 0 - 1 628 1 1號 公報、特開平6 - 333559號公報)等,但是發生氣相成長 碳纖維成毛球狀,無法分散於負極全體之問題。 另外,亦提出直接於負極材料粒子之表面使氣相成長 碳纖維或是碳納米管成長(特開2001 - 196064號公報), 但是步驟複雜,於大量生產時有經濟上之問題。 因此,尋求提升導電性以改善大電流負荷特性、再生 特性之鋰離子二次電池用負極材料,以及具有優異之經濟 性、量產性之該負極材料之製造方法。 發明之槪要 經濟部智慧財凌局Η工消費合作社印製 本發明之第1目的是提供以比較容易之方法,於碳材 料之表面形成具有優異之不透過性之碳皮膜層,對於電解 液之限制少之鋰離子二次電池用負極材料$ 本發明之第2目的是提供於作爲負極活性物質之碳材 料,不需另外添加導電性賦予材料,而可製成大電流負荷 特性、再生特性優異之二次電池,尤其是鋰離子二次電池 ,適用於鋰離子二次電池之負極材料,以及製造該碳材料 之方法。 本發明者等人,於作爲基材之碳質粉體(以下,稱爲 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 46、 含有如上述36至44中任一項之碳材料及粘合劑 之電極焊錫膏。 47、 如上述46之電極焊錫膏,更含有對於碳粒子而言 0.1至20質量%之氣相法碳纖維。 48、 含有如上述45之電極焊錫膏之電極。 49、 含有如上述46或47之電極焊錫膏之電極。 50、 以上述48之電極爲構成元件之二次電極。 5 1、如上述50之二次電極,其中關於使用非水電解液 及電解質之二次電池,該非水電解液爲至少一種選自碳酸 乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯及碳酸丙 烯酯之成群。 52、 以上述49之電極爲構成要素之二次電極。 53、 上述52之二次電極,其中對於使用非水電解液及 電解質之二次電池,該非水電解液爲至少一種選自碳酸乙 烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯及碳酸丙烯 酯之成群。 圖面之簡單說明 圖1是實施例7所得到之碳材料之電子顯微鏡照片( 倍率爲5000倍) 圖2是本發明之碳材料之製造之槪略說明圖。 元件對照表 1:碳材料 2:碳粒子 3:具有石墨構造之炭粒子 4、6:碳質材料5:纖維狀碳 7:含聚合物之組成物 詳細說明 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X 297公釐) --:------裝-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財凌局員工消費合作社印製 一 14 - 583153 經濟部智慧財/1^7貨工消費合作钍印製 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 碳質粉體之粒度分布係依據雷射衍射式粒度分布測定 器,其中心粒徑D50是以0.1至1〇〇// m爲宜,以5至70 //m尤佳,實質上不含有平均粒徑爲3/zm以下及/或平均 粒徑爲85//m以上之粒子之粒度金分布爲宜。 粒子小時比表面積變大,充放電反應所伴隨之副反應 之比率變大,而使充放電效率明顯地降低。相反地,粒子 變大時粒子間所形成之間隙亦變大,因此充塡密度亦降低 "另外,粒子與粒子之接觸點減少而使電流之通路減少, 明顯地降低大電流負荷特性、循環特性。進而,因爲於有 限的體積中必須收容負極電極,所以電極之厚度受到限制 ,粒子若太大時,有超過其限制之虞。在此,所謂粉體爲 「許多固體粒子之集合體,各構成固體粒子間形成以適當 之相互作用力作用之狀態」。 調整粒度分布時可使用已知之粉碎方法及分級方法。 粉碎裝置,具體上可舉例如錘碎機、joycrasher及碰撞式粉 碎機等。另外,分級方法是可以氣流分散或篩子分級。氣 流分級裝置如渦輪式分級機及turboplex等。 作爲負極活性物質之粉體碳材料必須是放電容量大, 充放電效率高,這是可以進行2000°C以上之加熱而解決之 〇 進而爲提升放電容量及充放電效率,於加熱處理前, 加入具有促進石墨化作用之硼元素等,亦可有效地進行高 結晶化。 46- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29*7公釐) 583153 A7 _B7___ 五、發明説明(17 ) 加量是以2至30質量%爲宜,以4至25質量%尤佳’以6 至1 8質量%最好。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (3)纖維狀碳 本發明中爲提升作爲負極活性物質之碳材料之導電性 ,所以使用纖維狀碳。纖維狀碳只要是包含於作爲負極活 性物質之碳材料中即可,但是以附著於碳粒子之表面爲宜 〇 本發明中所使用之纖維狀碳是要求其具有優異之導電 性及高結晶化度。另外’使用本發明之碳材料作爲電極材 料,組合於鋰離子二次電池時,爲使電流很快地流過全體 負極,纖維狀碳纖維之結晶成長方向是與纖維軸成平行且 纖維成分枝狀爲宜。 碳質粒子之表面若附著纖維狀碳時,纖維之相互連結 或因此形成微細之空間、通路,而使電解液容易滲透’相 鄰之碳質粒子間形成聯絡網,因而提升導電度。 經濟部智慧財4局a(工消費合作社印製 作爲此纖維狀碳是可使用瀝青系碳纖維、氣相成長碳 纖維等,其中以結晶隨纖維軸方向成長,纖維成分枝狀之 氣相成長纖維爲宜。 氣相成長纖維是可以例如於高溫環境下,與作爲催化 劑之遷移金屬(如鐵),吹入氣化之有機化合物所製造而 成。 氣相成長纖維可直接使用,或是以800至1500°C之熱 處理物,或是以2000至3000°C之石墨化處理物之任何1種 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) - 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(18 ) 皆可使用,但是以直接使用,或是以1500°C左右之熱處理 物爲宜。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 另外,本發明之氣相成長碳纖維之適合形態,如枝狀 纖維。更適合之形態,如包括分枝部份,纖維全體具有彼 此間相連通之中空構造之纖維。因此構成該纖維之圓筒部 份之碳層是相連續的。在此中空構造爲碳層是捲成圓筒狀 之構造,包含非完全之圓筒物、有部份切斷之物及積層2 層之碳層結合成1層之物。另外,圓筒之斷面不限於完全 圓形,包括橢圓形或多角化之纖維。另外,關於碳層之結 晶性,碳層之晶面距離d〇〇2未受到限定。順便一提,適合之 纖維爲X射線衍射法之d〇Q2爲0.3 3 9nm以下,以0.3 3 8nm以 下尤佳,結晶之C軸方向之厚度Lc爲40nm以下之纖維。 本發明之氣相成長碳纖維是纖維外徑爲2至500nm,纖 維長徑比爲10至15000之碳纖維,以纖維外徑爲50至 5 00 nm,纖維長度爲1至100//m(纖維長徑比爲2至2000 ),或是以纖維外徑爲2至50nm,纖維長度爲0.5至50 //m(纖維長徑比爲10至25000 )之纖維爲宜。 經濟部智您財凌局B(工消費合作社印災 製造氣相成長碳纖維後,進行2000°C以上之熱處理, 可進一步提升結晶化度及導電度。另外,於加熱處理前, 預先加入具有促進結晶化度作用之硼元素等,亦是有效。 另外,關於製造時進行二次以上之熱處理步驟時,會 不利於成本,所以即使將粉碎、分級後之粉體碳材料原料 及未石墨化之氣相成長碳纖維,藉由聚合物附著後,以 200(TC以上之熱處理,亦可完成本發明之碳材料。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 54 583153 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印焚 A7 ___ _B7五、發明説明(20 ) 烴及酯類等。以甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、丙酮、甲基乙基甲H 、甲苯、醋酸乙酯及醋酸丁酯等爲宜。 (5)溶媒除去及硬化 攪拌後,以除去部份或全部之溶媒爲宜。除去方法可 使用熱風乾燥及真空乾燥等之已知方法。 另外,乾燥溫度係依據使用溶媒之沸點及蒸氣壓等, 具體上是爲50°C以上,以100至1000°C爲宜,以150 g 500°C尤佳。 另外,使用酚醛樹脂爲聚合物時,乾燥溫度是以比其 硬化(聚合)激烈進行之溫度低爲宜。具體上是100°C以下 ,以80°C以下爲宜。 將溶媒揮發除去後,加熱硬化附著於基材表面之酚醛 樹脂。加熱溫度爲酚醛樹脂激烈進行硬化之100°C以上,以 150°C以上爲宜。 加熱硬化爲已知之加熱裝置幾乎都可使用。然而,製 造流程上以可連續處理之旋轉窯爐或是帶式連續爐等,以 生產性而言是適宜的。 即使可作爲緻密膜(例如,透氣率爲10_6cm2/秒)之 本發明之酚醛樹脂,雖比以往之酚醛樹脂之情形少,但是 因加熱時所產生之氣體造成之貫通孔、或是因塗布、浸漬 等造成不均一性,使得基材表面可能存在無皮膜而露出之 部份。此時,因被覆不完全,而造成電解液發生分解、性 能低下之原因。 ----23_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) f請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁j -裴· 訂 加 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(22 ) 質量%尤佳,以6至18質量%最好。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 另外,熱處理後之碳質材料之被覆厚度是以1至 lOOOOnm爲宜。以2至lOOOnm尤佳,以10至500nm最好 (6)熱處理條件 以插入(Intercalation)鋰離子等而提高充放電容量, 係期望其能提高碳材料之結晶性。碳之結晶性,一般是與 最高熱能歷史(thermal history)(表示熱處理溫度中最高之 溫度)一起提升,所以在電池性能上係以高的熱處理溫度 爲宜。以2000°C以上之熱處理爲宜,以2500°C以上尤佳, 以2800°C以上最好,特別是300(TC以上最好。 經濟部智慈財產局Μ工消費合作社印製 於最高熱能歷史之保持時間長爲佳,但是因爲被加熱 物是微粒子,只要是熱能傳送至粒子之中心部份,基本上 就能發揮足夠之性能。另外,保持時間短時,就成本而言 是適宜的。例如,平均粒徑爲20//m左右之碳質粉體,其 中心部份達到最高溫度,保持5分鐘以上,以10分鐘以上 尤佳,以30分鐘以上最好。 另外,關於天然石墨或是曾施予一次熱處理之人造石 墨等之具有發達之碳結晶之碳質粉體(基材)上,附著含 有聚合物之組成物時,附著後之附著材料本身亦需要某些 程度之熱處理。在此時,即使中心部份未達到最高溫度亦 可,只要實質上皮膜之碳材料表面之附著性、皮膜強度等 達到實用之程度即可。具體上爲50至200(TC,以80至 -----2€____ 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 經濟部智慧財4局肖工消費合作社印焚 A7 _B7_ 五、發明説明(23 ) 1500°C爲宜,以100至1200°C尤佳。 若基材碳之結晶並非十分發達時,爲使基材之碳結晶 發達時,可進行2000°C以上,以2400°C以上爲宜,以2700 °C以上尤佳,最好是290(TC以上之熱處理。 熱處理後之碳皮膜層,依據X光線衍射法(002 )面之 平均晶面距離d〇〇2係以0.3395nm以上爲宜,但是若添加具 有促進石墨化作用之硼元素等加熱時,亦可爲0.3395nm以 下,以 0.3354 至 0.3370nm 爲宜。 關於熱處理之升溫速度,已知之裝置中之最快升溫速 度及最低升溫速度之範圍內,對於性能上並無特別大的影 響。然而,因爲是粉體,無成形材料等之裂紋之問題,就 成本之觀點而言,升溫速度以快些較好。由常溫至最高到 達溫度之到達時間是以1 2小時以下爲宜,以6小時以下尤 佳,以2小時以下最好。 熱裝置是可利用埃奇森(ACHESON)爐及直接通電加熱 爐等之已知之裝置。另外,這些裝置對於成本上亦是有利 的。然而,因爲氮氣之存在使粉體抵抗降低,氧氣之氧化 使碳材料之強度降低,適合之爐內環境是以具有可保持氬 、氨等之不活性氣體之構造之爐爲宜。例如容器本身爲抽 真空後可取代氣體之批式爐或管狀爐,可控制爐內氣體環 境之批式爐或連續爐等。 提升碳材料之結晶化度之方法,因應需要可使用已知 之硼、鈹、鋁、矽及其他之石墨化催化劑。 其中,硼元素於石墨網面結晶中,可取代碳原子進入 56-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 _B7 五、發明説明(24 ) 。認爲當時是先切斷碳與碳之鍵結,而後再度鍵結之結晶 構造之再建築。因此,認爲即使石墨結晶有稍亂之部份, 經由結晶構造之再建築,可使之成爲高結晶性之粒子。所 謂於碳皮膜層中含有硼(硼元素)是部份之硼固溶後,存 在於碳表面、碳六角網面之積層體層間,或是部份硼原子 取代碳原子之狀態。 硼化合物係只要加熱能生成硼之物質即可,如可使用 硼、碳化硼、硼氧化物及有機硼氧化物等之固體、液體, 即使氣體亦可,如B單體、硼酸(H3B〇3)、硼酸鹽、氧化 硼(B2〇3)、碳化硼(B<C)及BN等。 硼化合物之添加量係依所使用之硼化合物之化學上之 特性、物理上之特性而定,無法予以限定,但是例如使用 碳化硼(B4C)時,相對於熱處理之碳粉體是0.05至10質 量%,以0.1至5質量%之範圍爲宜。 關於碳材料之粒度,於熱處理前調整碳質粉體之粒度 時,雖於熱處理後不需要再特別調整,熔接、凝集時,可 稍加分解粉碎後,再實施氣流分級等。適合的分級是以篩 子進行篩選,操作簡單所以適宜。 熱處理後之碳粒子之粒徑,其平均粒徑是以7至70 //m爲宜,以8至30/zm尤佳,以10至25/zm最好。此平 均粒徑是可以雷射衍射散亂法求得。平均粒徑小於5 // m時 ,纖維長徑比易變大,比表面積亦易變大。另外,例如製 作電池之電極時,一般是採取將碳材料以粘合劑作爲焊錫 膏,將其塗布之方法。碳材料之平均粒徑爲未滿時, --2?----- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂 經濟部智慧財產局g工消費合作社印製 583153 A7 _B7_ 五、發明説明(25 ) 因含有相當多之比5//m還小之微粉,焊錫膏之粘度上升, 亦使塗布性變差。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 另外,若混入如平均粒徑爲85// m以上之大粒子時, 電極表面之凹凸變多,亦是形成電池中所使用之分離器受 損之原因。例如實質上不含有平均粒徑爲3//m以下之粒子 及平均粒徑爲85/zm以上之粒子(5質量%以下)之粉體 ,其平均粒徑爲8至30//m。適合的是實質上不含有平均 粒徑爲3//m以下之粒子及平均粒徑爲53//m以上之粒子( 5質量%以下)之粉體,此時平均粒徑爲10至25// m。 (7)二次電池之製作 使用本發明之碳材料製作鋰離子二次電池時,可使用 已知之方法。 經濟部智慧財/i局工消費合作社印災 鋰離子電池之電極中,碳材料之比表面積是使用小的 適宜。本發明之碳材料之比表面積(BET法)爲3m2/g以下 。比表面積若超過3m2/g時,碳材料之表面活性變高,因電 解液之分解等使庫侖效率降低。另外,爲提高電池之容量 ,提高碳材料之充塡密度是重要的。因此,儘可能是近似 於球形之物爲宜。以纖維長徑比(長軸之長度/短軸之長度 )表示該粒子之形狀時,纖維長徑比爲6以下,以5以下 爲宜。纖維長徑比是可以顯微照片等求出,以雷射衍射散 亂法所算出之平均粒子徑A及以電檢知法(Coulter Counter 法)所算出之平均粒子徑B,假設粒子爲圓板,此圓板之底 面直徑爲A,體積爲4/3x ( B/2 ) 3 ;r = C時,則可算出圓板 -28- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(26 ) 之厚度T = C/ ( A/2 ) 2 7Γ。因此,可得到纖維長徑比爲A/T 〇 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 鋰離子電池之電極中,碳材料之充塡性好,容積密度 高時,則每單位體積之放電容量變高。本發明之碳材料之 出渣容積密度爲0.8g/cm3以上,以0.9g/cm3以上爲宜。出渣 容積密度之測定是,將一定量之碳材料(6.Og)放入15mm P之測定用樣品槽內,安裝於出渣裝置。落下高度爲46mm ,出渣速度爲2秒/次,使之400次自由落下後,測定其體 積。接著由其質量與體積之關係算出容積密度。 經濟部智慧財凌笱員工消費合作社印製 本發明之電極焊錫膏及電極之製作方法並無特別地限 制,以已知之製作方法亦可。電極之製作方法,將含有本 發明之碳材料、有機系之粘合劑(粘接材料)及其溶媒, 以電子導電性賦予劑(導電性物質)之粉末爲宜,一起混 煉成膏狀之合劑,將此電極焊錫膏使用於導電性基材,可 以噴霧、旋轉塗佈(Spin Coating)、刀刃塗佈(Blade Coating) 、靜電吹附、絲網印刷 (screen printing )及粉刷等進行。 其中以旋轉塗佈(Spin Coating)、刀刃塗佈(Blade Coating)、 絲網印刷 (screen printing )及粉刷之塗布方法爲宜。 關於粘合劑,只要與本發明之碳材料之屬性相合即可 ’並無特別的限制,可使用聚偏氟乙烯或聚四氟乙烯等之 氟系聚合物或SBR (苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠)等之橡膠系等之 已知之物。 關於溶媒’只要與本發明之碳材料之屬性相合,與粘 合劑之相溶性佳即可,可使用已知物,例如粘合劑爲氟系 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公楚) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(27 ) 聚合物時,則使用甲苯、N —甲基吡咯酮等,若是SBR,則 使用水等之已知物。 粘合劑之使用量,以負極碳材料爲1〇〇質量份時,以1 至30質量份爲適當的,特別以3至20質量份左右爲宜。 負極材料及粘合劑之混煉係可使用螺旋葉片式攪拌機 、螺旋式捏和機、SPARTAN-RYUZER、Loedige Mixer、行星 式混合機及萬能混合機等之已知裝置。 本發明之碳材料係可混合纖維狀碳,更進一步賦予導 電性。纖維狀碳可使用上述之物,其混合量是以0.1至20 質量%爲宜。 已列舉本發明之電極焊錫膏所使用之構成成份,只要 不損及本發明之目的,亦可添加其他成份。例如添加各種 無機微粒子時,可改善粘度控制、溶媒保持性及熱安定性 ,亦改善耐久性、安全性及信賴性。另外,某些情況下, 無機微粒子及電解質鹽、聚合物之相互作用,相反地,可 能會增加離子傳導度、移動度。 所使用之無機微粒子是可選擇非電子傳導性、電化學 上安定之物。另外,具有離子傳導性尤佳。具體上可舉例 如α、/3、7 -氧化鋁、二氧化硅等之離子傳導性或非導 電性之陶瓷微粒子。 由複合電解質之電解液保持性之提升或固體系時之強 度之觀點來看,無機微粒子係以凝集一次粒子而具有二次 粒子構造之物爲宜。具有如此構造之無機微粒子之實例, 如AER0SIL (日本AER0SIL (株)製)之二氧化硅超微粒 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝- 經濟部智慈財產苟3(工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 經濟部智您財4局員工消費合作社印災 A7 ____B7_五、發明説明(28 ) 子、氧化鋁超微粒子,以安定性及複合效率以氧化鋁超微 粒子尤佳。無機微粒子之比表面積是儘可能愈大愈好,BET 法是以5m2/g以上爲宜,以50m2/g以上尤佳。如此之無機 微粒子之大小,其平均粒徑是以〇.〇1至100/zm爲宜,以 0·01至20// m尤佳。無機微粒子之添加量過多時,產生電 極之抵抗增加、粘度增大及強度降低等之問題。因此,適 宜之添加量是,相對於粘合劑以30質量%左右以下爲宜, 以0.1至20質量%左右之範圍尤佳。 導電性基材(集電體)是可使用銅、鋁、不銹鋼、鎳 及其合金等之已知之材料。 分離器是可使用已知物,電極間因應需要介在其中之 分離器,只要是可透過離子之多孔質分離器即可,例如微 孔性之聚乙烯薄膜、微孔性之聚丙烯薄膜、聚乙烯不織布 、聚丙烯不織布、玻璃纖維混織不織布及玻璃纖維氈過濾 器等適合於使用。特別是以聚乙烯或聚丙烯性之不織布爲 宜。 本發明之鋰離子二次電池中之電解液及電解質係可使 用已知之有機電解液、無機固體電解質及高分子固體電解 質。由電傳導性之觀點而言以有機電解液爲宜。 有機電解液,例如二乙醚、二丁醚、乙二醇一甲醚、 乙二醇一乙醚、乙二醇一丁醚、二乙二醇一甲醚、二乙二 醇一乙醚、二乙二醇一丁醚、二乙二醇二甲醚及乙二醇苯 基醚等之醚類;甲醯胺、N-甲基甲醯胺、N,N—二甲基 甲醯胺、N—乙基甲醯胺、N,N—二乙基甲醯胺、N—甲基 ^- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 經濟部智慧財4局工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(29 ) 乙醯胺、N,N —二甲基乙醯胺、N —乙基乙醯胺、N,N-二乙基乙醯胺、N,N—二甲基丙醯胺、六甲基磷胺等之醯 胺類;二甲基亞碼、環丁碼等之含硫化合物;甲基乙基甲 酮、甲基異丁基甲酮等之二烷基酮;環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷 、四氫呋喃、2 —甲氧基四氫呋喃、1,2—二甲氧基乙烷、 1,2 —二乙氧基乙烷、1,2 —二丁氧基乙烷及 1,3-DIOXOLANE等之環狀醚類;碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯等之 碳酸;r 一丁內酯;N-甲基吡咯烷酮;乙腈、硝基甲烷等 之有機溶媒之溶液爲宜。其中,以碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯 酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯 、碳酸亞乙烯酯、r 一丁內酯、r —戊內酯及r —辛內酯 等之酯類、DIOXOLANE、二乙醚及二乙氧基乙烷等之醚類 、二甲基亞碼、乙腈及四氫呋喃等爲宜,以碳酸乙烯酯、 碳酸丙烯酯等之碳酸系非水溶媒尤佳。這些溶媒可以1種 或是混合2種以上使用。 這些溶媒中之溶質(電解質)是可使用鋰鹽。一般所 知之鋰鹽,如 LiCl〇4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAlCh、LiSbF6、 LiSCN、LiCl、LiCF3S〇3、LiCF3C〇2 及 LiN ( CF3S〇2) 3 等。 高分子固體電解質例如聚環氧乙烷誘導體及含有該誘 導體之聚合物、聚環氧丙烷誘導體及含有該誘導體之聚合 物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚碳酸酯誘導體及含有該誘導體之聚 合物等。 關於本發明中使用負極材料之鋰離子二次電池,使用 含鋰之遷移金屬氧化物(化學式爲LixMCh,但是Μ爲至少 «2- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝. 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(31 ) 揮發。接著刮取之,以球形磨碎機進行粉碎4小時’爲使 於加熱板上充份地進行硬化’以3 〇 〇 °c加熱之。將加熱所得 之物放入石墨坩堝中,於2900 °C下進行石墨化。石墨化後 ,依據日本學振法(碳、No36,25至34頁(1963年)) 之XRD測定結果,算出d〇〇2晶面距離(平均晶面距離)° 評價電池之方法: (1 )焊錫膏之製成 於1質量份之原料碳中加入〇·1質量份之吳羽化學製 KFpolymer — L13 20 C含有12質量%之聚偏氟乙烯PVDF之 N -甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP )溶液品),以行星式混合機混煉 成主劑原料。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印^ (2 )電極製作 主劑原料中加入NMP以調整粘度後,於高純度銅箔上 以塗膠刀塗布,實施例1至6及比較例1至9之厚度爲140 //m,實施例7至9及比較例10至13之厚度爲250 /zm。 將實施例1至6及比較例1至9之原料以120°C,2小時, 而實施例7至9及比較例10至13之原料以120°C,1小時 ,進行真空乾燥,沖孔成18mmp。進而,將沖孔後之電極 以超鋼製加壓板夾住,對於實施例1至6及比較例1至9 時,使之成爲140 // m之厚度,lx 103至l〇x l〇3kg/cm2之加 壓壓力,實施例7至9及比較例10至13時,使之成爲120 // m之厚度,lx 1〇3至3x 103kg/cm2之加壓壓力,進行加壓 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(32 ) 〇 之後,置於真空乾燥器中,以12CTC、12小時乾燥後 ,作爲評價用電池。 (3 )電池製作 如下所述製作3極電解槽。另外,以下之操作是於露 點爲- 80°C以下之乾燥氬氣環境下進行。 於聚丙烯製之附有螺紋式蓋子之電解槽(內徑約爲 18mm)中,將上述(2)所製成之附有銅箔之碳電極(正極 )及金屬鋰箔(負極),插入分離器後積層。另外,對照 用之金屬鋰亦是同樣地積層。加入電解液製成試驗用電解 槽。 (4 )電解液 使用下述之4種。 EC系1 ; 8質量份之EC (碳酸乙烯酯)及12質量份之 DEC (碳酸二乙酯)之混合物。 EC系2; 19質量份之EC (碳酸乙烯酯)及31質量份 之DMC (碳酸二甲酯)之混合物。 PC系1 ( PC濃度約30% ) ; 2質量份之PC、2質量份 之EC及3質量份之DEC之混合物。 PC系2 ( PC濃度約10% ); 1質量份之PC、4質量份 之EC及4質量份之DEC之混合物。 任何一種電解液均以LiPFe爲電解質,溶解成1莫耳/ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝- 經濟部智悲財產局a(工消費合作社印复 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 _B7 五、發明説明(33 ) 升。 (5 )充放電試驗 以電流密度爲〇.2mA/cm2 (相當於0.1C),進行定電流 低電壓充放電試驗。 充電(插入鋰於碳中)是由靜止電位(Rest Potential), 以 0.2 mA/cm2 進行 CC ( constant current :定電流)充電至 0.002V。其次是改以 0.002V 進行 CV ( constant voltage :定 電壓)充電,電流値降至25.4// A時停止充電。 放電(由碳中放出)是以〇·2 mA/cm2 (相當於0.1C ) 進行CC放電,電壓至1.5V時停止放電。 實施例1 以樹脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A中加入 12.6質量份之乙醇,攪拌使之充份溶解。於此中加入20質 量份之塊狀天然石墨(d〇〇2 = 0.3359nm,D50= 20 /zm),以 行星式混合機攪拌30分鐘。將混煉物置於真空乾燥機’於 80°C下,乾燥2小時,除去乙醇。其次’將所得到之乾燥 粉末移至加熱板上,於30分鐘內由室溫升溫至150°C ’於 150 °C下保持3小時,加熱硬化之。硬化後之粉體,以 henschel mixer30秒分解粉碎之。 將粉碎後之粉體放入石墨坩堝中,安裝於石墨爐。使 內部真空成氬氣環境下後,流入氬氣並逐漸升溫。於2900 t下保持10分鐘後冷卻。冷卻至室溫後,將所得到之石墨 ---------36- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29*7公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝- 經濟部智慧財產笱員工消費合作社印髮 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(34 ) 粉,以45 # m網目的篩子進行震動過篩,通過物(篩下品 )爲負極材料試樣。此碳材料中之碳質材料(被覆碳)之 d〇〇2爲0.3395nm以上。使用EC系1爲電池評價用電解液。 實施例2 將實施例1之試樣以PC系1之電解液進行評價。 實施例3 塗布第1層 以樹脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A中加入 12.6質量份之乙醇,攪拌使之充份溶解。於此中加入20質 量份之塊狀天然石墨(d〇〇2 = 0.33 59nm,D50 = 20 /z m),以 行星式混合機攪拌30分鐘。將混煉物置於真空乾燥機,於 80°C下,乾燥2小時,除去乙醇。其次,將所得到之乾燥 粉末移至加熱板上,於30分鐘內由室溫升溫至150°C,於 150 °C下保持3小時,加熱硬化之。硬化後之粉體,以 henschel mixer30秒分解粉碎之。 塗布第2層 以樹脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A中加入 12.6質量份之乙醇攪拌,再加入25.4質量份之分解粉碎之 粉末(20質量份之基材+ 5.4質量份之硬化樹脂漆A)以行 星式混合機攪拌30分鐘。將混煉物置於真空乾燥機,於80 t下,乾燥2小時,除去乙醇。其次,將所得到之乾燥粉 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝- 訂 經濟部智慈財產局貨工消費合作社印製 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(35 ) ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 末移至加熱板上,於30分鐘內由室溫升溫至150°C,於150 °C下保持3小時,加熱硬化之。硬化後之粉體,以henschel mixer30秒分解粉碎之。 重覆此操作至被覆第3、第4及第5層。 所得到之粉體放入石墨坩堝中,安裝於石墨爐。使內 部真空成氬氣環境下後,流入氬氣並逐漸升溫。於2900°C 下保持10分鐘後冷卻。冷卻至室溫後,將所得到之石墨粉 ,以45//m網目的篩子進行震動過篩,通過物(篩下物) 爲負極材料試樣。此碳材料中之碳質材料(被覆碳)之d〇〇2 爲0.3395nm以上。使用PC系1爲電池評價用電解液。 實施例4 經濟部智慧財/i^7a(工消費合作钍印髮 以樹脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A中加入 12.6質量份之乙醇,攪拌使之充份溶解。於此中加入20質 量份之塊狀天然石墨(d〇〇2 = 0.3 3 59nm,D50 = 20 /z m),以 行星式混合機攪拌30分鐘。將混煉物置於真空乾燥機,於 80°C下,乾燥2小時,除去乙醇。其次,將所得到之乾燥 粉末移至加熱板上,於30分鐘內由室溫升溫至150°C,於 150 °C下保持3小時,加熱硬化之。硬化後之粉體,以 henschel mixer30秒分解粉碎之。 將粉碎後之粉體放入石墨坩堝中,加入1質量部之碳 化硼(B4C)粉末,安裝於石墨爐。使內部真空成氬氣環境 下後,流入氬氣並逐漸升溫。於2900°C下保持10分鐘後冷 卻。冷卻至室溫後,將所得到之石墨粉,以45 // m網目的 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X29?公釐) ^8- 583153
A B 五、發明説明(38 ) 比較例9 比較6中,使用PC系2爲電解液。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 以上之實施例1至6及比較例1至9之評價電池之結 果如表1所不。 表1 包覆 塗布回數 樹脂濃度 B濃度 電解液 充電 放電 效率 不可逆 觀旨名 回 % % 麵 mAh/g mAh/g % mAh/g 實施例1 樹脂漆 1 8 0 EC系1 380 356 93.7 24 實施例2 樹脂漆 1 8 0 PC系1 705 2 0.2 704 實施例3 観旨漆 5 8 0 PC系1 373 340 91.4 32 實施例4 樹脂漆 1 8 4 EC系1 368 332 90.0 37 實施例5 樹脂漆 1 8 4 PC系1 368 331 89.8 38 實施例6 棚旨漆 1 8 0 PC系2 428 350 81.8 78 比較例1 Μ Ji\\ 0 0 0 EC系1 389 357 91.6 33 比較例2 姐 0 0 0 PC系1 717 3 0.4 714 比較例3 BRS727 1 8 0 PC系1 698 2 0.2 696 比較例4 BRS727 5 8 0 PC系1 596 326 54.6 271 比較例5 BLS722 1 8 0 PC系1 702 2 0.2 700 比較例6 BLS120Z 1 8 0 PC系1 687 2 0.2 685 比較例7 BRS727 1 8 0 PC系2 448 348 77.7 100 比較例8 BLS722 1 8 0 PC系2 472 341 72.4 130 比較例9 BLS120Z 1 8 0 PC系2 432 346 80.0 86 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 實施例7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 44 583153 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明(41 ) 此混合物於加熱爐內進行29〇〇 t之熱處理。將如此所得到 之熱處理物’以63//m網目的篩子進行篩選,其通過物爲 所得到成粉末狀態之碳材料。於該碳材料中與1質量%之 氣相成長碳纖維(添加4質量%之碳化硼,進行2900°C之 熱處理而石墨化之物),進行乾式混合。將此安裝於單電 解槽式之電池評價裝置,電池評價電解液是使用EC系i。 調查於大電流負荷(0.1C及i.〇C)時之電池特性。結果如 表2所示。 表2 放電容量 放電容量保持率 (mAh/g) (%) 實施例7 0.1C放電 334 92 1.0C放電 310 實施例8 0.1C放電 333 93 1.0C放電 309 比較例10 0.1C放電 325 88 1.0C放電 289 比較例11 0.1C放電 332 90 1.0C放電 300 實施例9 將天然石墨(平均粒徑(D50 = 20 /z m))中添加以樹 脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A及12.6質量份之 44- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(43 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 小時,除去乙醇。其次,將此混煉物進行300°C之熱處理後 ,移至加熱爐,使內部真空成氬氣環境下後,流入氬氣並 逐漸升溫。於2900°C下保持30分鐘後冷卻。冷卻至室溫後 ,將所得到之熱處理物,以45/z m網目的篩子進行篩選, 其通過物(篩下物)中加入3質量%之以2900°C燒成之氣相 法碳纖維,以henschel mixer混合30秒而得到粉體碳材料 〇 將此安裝於單電解槽式之電池評價裝置,電池評價電 解液是使用EC系2。 充放電條件(電流量):1至4循環之充放電均是以 0.2C,5至50循環之充放電均是以1.0C (但是,充電是 CCCV方式(以CC (定電流)由1.5V至2mV,以1C充電 ,之後改爲CV (定電壓)充電至25 // A ))進行。所得到 之循環特性之結果如表3所示。 比較例12 將天然石墨(平均粒徑(D50 = 20 //m))安裝於單電 解槽式之電池評價裝置,電池評價電解液是使用EC系2。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作钍印製 充放電條件(電流量):1至4循環之充放電均是以 0.2C,5至50循環之充放電均是以1.0C (但是,充電是 CCCV方式(以CC (定電流)由1.5V至2mV,以1C充電 ,之後改爲CV (定電壓)充電至25 // A ))進行。所得到 之循環特性之結果如表3所示。 比較例13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公董) 4& 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(44 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 將天然石墨(平均粒徑(D50 = 20 // m))中添加以樹 脂固體成份換算爲5.4質量份之樹脂漆A及12.6質量份之 乙醇,攪拌使之充份溶解。於此溶液中加入變性酚醛樹脂 ,使其固體成份成爲16質量%,以萬能混合機混煉30分鐘 。將混煉物置於真空乾燥機,於80t下,乾燥2小時,除 去乙醇。其次,將此混煉物進行300°C之熱處理後,移至加 熱爐,使內部真空成氬氣環境下後,流入氬氣並逐漸升溫 。於2900°C下保持30分鐘後冷卻。冷卻至室溫後,將所得 到之熱處理物,以45//m網目的篩子進行篩選,其通過物 (篩下物)爲本發明所得到之粉體碳材料。 將此安裝於單電解槽式之電池評價裝置,電池評價電 解液是使用EC系2。 充放電條件(電流量):1至4循環之充放電均是以 0.2C,5至50循環之充放電均是以1.0C (但是,充電是 CCCV方式(以CC (定電流)由1.5V至2mV,以1C充電 ,之後改爲CV (定電壓)充電至25/z A))進行。所得到 之循環特性之結果如表3所示。 經濟部智慧財產局Μ工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標參(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公董) 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(45 ) 夷3 1循環時放電 容量(0.2C) (mAh/g) 50循環時放電 容量(1.0C) (mAh/g) 容量保持率 (%) 實施例9 342 266 78 實施例10 340 233 68 比較例12 354 201 57 比較例13 344 108 31 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局肖工消費合作社印製 容量保持率(%) = 1循環時0.2C放電容量/50循環時i.OC 放電容量 使用本發明之碳材料之電池(實施例9、實施例10) 於50循環(施予電流負荷(1.0)之條件下)時之容量保持 率,與比較例12至13 (申請C之比較例3至4)相比爲高 ,認爲提升了循環特性。 產業上利用之可能性 使用本發明之碳材料爲電極之二次電池,以碳酸乙烯 酯爲主要之電解液,以碳酸丙烯酯爲主要之電解液以及以 碳酸乙烯酯及碳酸丙烯酯爲主要之電解液均可充放電,而 且,比傳統品之初期效率及放電容量優異。其製造方法是 具有優異之經濟性、量產性,所使用之被覆材料易於操作 ,亦改善了安全性之方法。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X;297公釐) 4& 583153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(46 ) 另外,本發明中是藉由具有附著性之聚合物,附著纖 維狀碳而成之碳材料,具有優異之導電性,由於以其作爲 電極材料(負極活性物質)之負極電極,所以可製造具有 優異之大電流負荷特性、循環特性之二次電池、鋰離子二 次電池。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局Μ工消費合作社印製 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐)
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- 583153六、申請專利範圍 -----------—____________i 第9 1 1 2 1 259號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍修ϊξ „— 勝'、…: 民國丨朽荤8¾¾择:修正 I 车 η ; 、+:一丨 1、 一種碳材料,其特徵爲,具有石墨構造之碳粒子表 面’其至少1部份包含附著有碳質材料之碳粒子以及纖維 狀碳,該碳質材料係由熱處理含有聚合物之組成物所得者 〇 2、 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳材料,其中纖維狀碳是 介由熱處理含有聚合物之組成物所得到之碳質材料而附著 於碳粒子。 3、 如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中聚合物爲包 含至少一種選自酚樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、呋喃樹脂、纖維 素樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂及環氧樹脂所成群 之聚合物。 4、 如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中包含聚合物 之組成物爲包含乾性油或其脂肪酸以及酚樹脂之組成物。 5、 如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中具有石墨構 造之碳粒子及/或碳質材料爲含有硼元素。 6、 如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中纖維狀碳係 由依據X光線衍射法(002 )面之平均晶面距離d()()2爲 0.3 3 9 5 n m以下之碳所形成。 7、 如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中纖維狀碳爲 具有內部中空構造’外徑爲2至1000nm,纖維長徑比爲1〇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2ΐ〇χ297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ,v0 乡:583153 A8 B8 C8 D8 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •、申請專利範圍 至1 5000之氣相成長碳纖維。 8、 如申請專利範圍第7項之碳材料,其中氣相成長碳 纖維爲枝狀纖維。 9、 如申請專利範圍第7項或第8項之碳材料,其中對 於具有石墨構造之碳粒子’含有0·1至20質纛%之氣相成 長碳纖維。 1 0、如申請專利範圍第2項之碳材料,其中具有石墨 構造之碳粒子之平均粒徑爲5 // m至70 // m。 1 1、如申請專利範圍第1〇項之碳材料,其中具有石g 構造之碳粒子’實質上不含有平均粒徑爲3 # m以下及/或 平均粒徑爲85 // m以上之粒子。 ’ 1 2、申請專利範圍第1項之碳材料,其中具有石墨構 造的碳粒子之表面’其至少一部份爲附著碳質材料之碳粒 子混合纖維狀碳而成,該碳質材料爲熱處理含有聚合物之. 組成物所得者。 13、如申請專利範圍第12項之碳材料,其中碳粒子^ {系 由’將含有具有石墨構造之碳粒子與乾性油或其脂肪酸Μ 及酚樹脂之組成物經熱處理後所得到之碳質材料,被胃_ 成之碳粒子。 14'如申請專利範圍第13項之碳材料,其中碳質材料 之被覆厚度爲1至10000nm。 1 5、如申請專利範圍第1 3項之碳材料,其中碳質材料 係由依據X光線衍射法(002 )面之平均晶面距離&。2 _ 0.3 395nm以上之碳所形成的。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂· 絲_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公嫠) -2- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 583153 A8 B8 C8 ----------08___ 六、申請專利範圍 1 6、如申請專利範圍第1 3項之碳材料甘士 z 丹,其中碳質材料 係由含有硼元素之碳所形成。 Π、如申請專利範圍帛16項之碳材料,其中碳質材料 係由依據X光線衍射法(002 )面之平均 J曰日面距離 d〇G2爲 〇.3395nm以下之碳所形成。 … 1 8、如申請專利範圍第π項之碳材料,其中平均晶面 距離 d〇〇2 爲 0.3354 至 0.3370nm。 19、 如申請專利範圍第13項之碳材料,其中碳粒子之 比表面積爲3m2/g以下,纖維長徑比爲6以下,出澄容積密 度爲0.8 g / c m。以上。 20、 如申請專利範圍第13項之碳材料,其中碳粒子之 平均粒徑爲8至30// m。 2 1、如申|靑專利圍弟1 3項之碳材料,t中碳粒了爲 實質上不含有平均粒徑爲3 // m以下及/或平均粒徑爲5 3 # m 以上之粒子。 22、 一種碳材料之製造方法,其特徵爲,包含將含有 聚合物的組成物附著於至少一部份的碳質粒子之表面上之 步驟,於該碳質粒子中混合纖維狀碳,介由含有聚合物之 組成物,將纖維狀碳附著於碳質粒子之步驟,接著將碳質 粒子於非氧化性環境下進行熱處理之步驟。 23、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中聚合物爲包含對於碳具有附著性之聚合物。 24、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中聚合物爲包含至少一種選自酚樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、呋 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)583153 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 喃樹脂、纖維素樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂及環 氧樹脂所成群之聚合物。 25、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中熱處理步驟爲添加硼化合物而進行。 26、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中熱處理步驟係以200(TC以上之溫度進行之燒成步驟。 27、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中碳質粒子爲石墨粒子,纖維狀碳係由依據X光線衍射法 (002 )面之平均晶面距離d()()2爲〇.3395nm以下之碳所形成 ’熱處理步驟係以50至200(TC之溫度進行。 28、 如申請專利範圍第22項之碳材料之製造方法/其 中纖維狀碳爲具有內部中空構造,外徑爲2至100〇nm,纖 維長徑比爲10至1 5000之氣相成長碳纖維。 29、 如申請專利範圍第28項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中氣相成長碳纖維爲枝狀纖維。 30、 如申請專利範圍第28項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中相對於碳質粉體,混合0.1至20質量%之氣相成長碳纖 維。 ’ 3 1、一種碳材料之製造方法,其特徵爲,包含將含有 乾性油或其脂肪酸以及酚樹脂之組成物附著於碳質粒子之 表面之步驟,將該碳質粒子於非氧化性環境下進.行熱處理 之步驟。 32、如申請專利範圍第31項之碳材料之製造方法,其 中熱處理步驟爲添加硼化合物之熱處理步驟。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 訂_ 絲- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 583153 A8 B8 C8 D8 、申請專利範圍 , 33、 如申請專利範圍第31項及第32項之碳材料之製 造方法,其中將含有乾性油或其脂肪酸以及酚樹脂之組成 物附著於碳質粒子表面之步驟,接著進行硬化附著於該碳 質粒子之該樹脂之步驟,重覆1次以上20次以下後,於非 氧化性環境下進行熱處理。 34、 如申請專利範圍第31項或第32項之碳材料之製 造方法,其中於非氧化性環境下進行熱處理之步驟係於 2 8 0 0 °C以上之溫度進行燒成之步驟。 35、 如申請專利範圍第31項或第32項之碳材料之製 造方法,其中碳質粒子爲石墨粉末,於非氧化性環境下進 行熱處理步驟係於2400°C以上之溫度進行燒成之步驟。 3 6、一種碳材料,其特徵爲,依據如申請專利範圍第 3 1項至第35項中任何一項之方法所得到。 3 7、一種碳材料,其特徵爲,含有於具有石墨構造之 碳粒子之表面上,具有由含有乾性油或其脂肪酸以及酚樹 脂之組成物所得到之碳皮膜層之碳粒子者。 38、 如申請專利範圍第36項或第37項之碳材料,其 中碳皮膜層是由依據X光線衍射法(〇 〇 2 )面之平均晶面距 離d〇〇2爲〇.339 5nm以上之碳所形成。 39、 如申請專利範圍第36項或第37項之碳材料,其 中碳皮膜層係由含有硼元素之碳所形成。 40、 如申請專利範圍第39項之碳材料,其中碳皮膜層 係由依據X光線衍射法(〇〇2 )面之平均晶面距離d^2爲 0.3395nm以下之碳所形成。 (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁} -訂 絲 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 一 t I 復 - 583153 ABCD 六、申請專利範圍 41 '如申請專利範圍帛4〇項之碳材料’其平均晶面距 離 d〇〇2 爲 0.3354 至 〇.337〇nm。 42 '如申請專利範圍第%項或第37項之碳材料,其 比表面積爲3mVg以下,纖維長徑比爲6以下,出渣容積密 度爲0.8g/cm3以上。 43、 如申請專利範圍第36項或第37項之碳材料,其 平均粒徑爲8至30// m。 44、 如申請專利範圍第36項或第37項之碳材料,其 實質上不含有平均粒徑爲3 # m以下及/或平均粒徑爲53 # m 以上之粒子。 4 5、一種電極焊鍚膏,其特徵爲,含有如申請專利範 圍第1項至第2 1項中任一項之碳材料及粘合劑。 46、 一種電極焊錫膏,其特徵爲,含有如申請專利範 圍第36項至第44項中任一項之碳材料及粘合劑。 47、 如申請專利範圍第46項之電極焊鍚膏,其中更含 有對於碳粒子而言〇· 1至20質量%之氣相法碳纖維。 4 8、一種電極,其特徵爲,含有如申請專利範圍第4 5 項之電極焊錫膏。 49、 一種電極,其特徵爲,含有如申請專利範圍第46 項或第47項之電極焊錫膏。 50、 一種二次電池,其特徵爲’以如申請專利範圍第 48項之電極爲構成元件。 5 1、如申請專利範圍第’ 50項之二次電池,其中對於使 用非水電解液及電解質之二次電池’該非水電解液爲至少 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 583153 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 一種選自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲 乙酯及碳酸丙烯酯之成群。 5 2、一種二次電池,其特徵爲,以如申請專利範圍第 49項之電極爲構成要素。 53、如申請專利範圍第52項之二次電池’其中對於使 用非水電解液及電解質之二次電池,該非水電解液爲至少 一種選自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲 乙酯及碳酸丙烯酯之成群。 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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| JP2002120322A JP4286491B2 (ja) | 2001-11-27 | 2002-04-23 | 炭素材料及びその製造方法並びにその用途 |
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- 2002-09-20 CN CN2007100891152A patent/CN101016153B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-20 WO PCT/JP2002/009672 patent/WO2003028128A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-20 US US10/490,021 patent/US20040247872A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-20 AU AU2002337497A patent/AU2002337497A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-20 CN CNB028187598A patent/CN1316650C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-20 EP EP02772869A patent/EP1442490B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-20 KR KR1020047004258A patent/KR100951388B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI487819B (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2015-06-11 | Yongyu Applied Technology Material Co Ltd | 氣相成長石墨纖維組成物與其混合物及其應用 |
| US9368252B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2016-06-14 | Yonyu Applied Technology Material Co., Ltd. | Method for forming vapor grown graphite fibers composition and mixture formed by the same and applications thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040247872A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| CN1559092A (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
| CN1316650C (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
| EP1442490B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
| WO2003028128A3 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| EP1442490A2 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| CN101016153B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
| KR100951388B1 (ko) | 2010-04-08 |
| AU2002337497A1 (en) | 2003-04-07 |
| CN101016153A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
| KR20040040473A (ko) | 2004-05-12 |
| WO2003028128A2 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
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