TW546820B - Single transistor ferroelectric transistor structure with high-k insulator and method of fabricating same - Google Patents

Single transistor ferroelectric transistor structure with high-k insulator and method of fabricating same Download PDF

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TW546820B
TW546820B TW091105734A TW91105734A TW546820B TW 546820 B TW546820 B TW 546820B TW 091105734 A TW091105734 A TW 091105734A TW 91105734 A TW91105734 A TW 91105734A TW 546820 B TW546820 B TW 546820B
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ferroelectric
gate
item
crystal structure
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Sheng-Teng Hsu
Fengyan Zhang
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Sharp Kk
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Description

546820 A7 B7 五、發明説明0 ) 發明背景
本發明係關於一般的半導體技術及更特別的係關於金屬 -鐵電-絕緣體半導體(MFIS)電晶體結構,及製造方法。MFIS 電晶體與MF0S電晶體相似,但是並不受限於使用氧化物當 作絕緣體材料的結構。 先則,單一電晶體鐵電記憶體電晶體使用的係鐵電電極 層疊(stack) ’包括一具有一頂端電極的鐵電閘極。該裝置 可以藉由沉積一鐵電材料,再沉積一覆蓋金屬層以形成。 接著會對該層進行電漿蝕刻(plasma etched)。電漿蝕刻會 降低該鐵電閘極的鐵電特性,從而降低該記憶電晶體的可 Λ f生該鐵電材料亦需要進行鈍化(passivated)以防止氫 污染。鈍化亦可用以降低該鐵電材料與下方氧化物之間有 害的反應。 發明概要 本發明提供一鐵電電晶體結構,包括一覆蓋半導體基板 的鐵電閘極。該鐵電閘極具有一被高—k材料包圍的底部及 側邊,及一被頂端電極覆蓋的頂端。該頂端電極及該高一k 材料係用以將該鐵電電極圍住,從而降低,或消除,因為 氧氣,氫氣,或是其它污染物所造成的污染。該鐵電閘極 底部的高-k材料亦作為一閘極介電質。 亦提供一種形成本發明之鐵電閘極結構的方法。在基板 上方形成一消耗性閘極結構,然後移除該結構以產生一開 口閘極區。在該基板上會沉積一高_k絕緣體,包括該開口 閘極區。在該高-k絕緣體上沉積一鐵電材料,然後利用CMp I,_ - 4 - ^紙張尺度適财S g家標準(CNS)威格㈣χ撕公爱) 546820
進行研磨。接著在其餘的鐵電材料上形成_頂端電極。該 頂端電極及該高-k絕緣體結合之後可用以圍住並且保護該 鐵電材料。 該高-k絕緣體以Zr02、矽酸錘、卜〇、 铪、Hf-A1-0、La-A卜0、氧化鑭、Ta2〇5,或是其它 材料為佳。
Hf02、矽酸 適當的 該鐵電材料以 PGO、PZT、SBT、SB0、SBT〇、SBTN、ST〇 、BT0、BLT、⑽、YMnG3’或是其它適當的材料為佳。 該頂端電極以銥、鉑、釕、氧化銥、氧化鉑、氧化釕,或 是其它適當的材料為佳。 圖式簡單說明 圖1所示者係準備進一步處理之半導體基板的剖面圖。 圖2所示者係具有一覆蓋該介電層之消耗性層之半導體 基板的剖面圖。 圖3所不者係具有一覆蓋該介電層之消耗性閘極結構之 半導體基板的剖面圖。 ,圖4所示者係具有一被氧化物包圍之消耗性閘極結構之 半導體基板的剖面圖。 圖5所示者係將該消耗性閘極移除之後之半導體基板的 剖面圖。 圖6所不者係在沉積一高—k絕緣層之後之半導體基板的 剖面圖。 圖7所不者係在沉積一鐵電材料層之後之半導體基板的 剖面圖。
裝 訂
線 -5- 546820 A7 ____ _Β7_ 五、發明説明(3 ) 圖8所示者係在對該鐵電材料層進行化學-機械研磨之後 之半導體基板的剖面圖。 圖9所示者係在沉積一頂端電極層之後之半導體基板的 剖面圖。 圖10所示者係顯示出蝕刻之後的頂端電極之半導體基板 的剖面圖。 圖11所示者係顯示出一鈍化層及一接觸該裝置結構的金 屬之半導體基板的剖面圖。 發明詳細說明 圖1所示的係利用技藝處理狀態所製備的半導體結構10 。利用到淺溝渠絕緣(STI )以產生絕緣區12,及一位於基板 16中的主動裝置區14。雖然圖中顯示的係STI結構,但是亦 可使用LOCOS絕緣取代STI。該半導體基板最好係矽或是絕 緣體上碎(SOI)。在該基板16上會成長或是沉積一厚度介於 2 nm與20 nm之間的消耗性氧化物18。 圖2所示的係具有一沉積覆蓋該消耗性氧化物18的消耗 性層20。該消耗性層所沉積的厚度介於2〇〇 nm與400 nm之 間。該消耗性層最好係氮化矽或是多晶矽。該消耗性層最 好係可以選擇性蝕刻便可以輕易地移除而不會影響到下方 或是鄰近的材料。 圖3所示的係利用一上方光阻層(未顯示)對該消耗性層 進行成形處理,並且電漿蝕刻該消耗性層所形成的消耗性 閘極結構22。源極區24及汲極區26係形成於該消耗性閘極 結構22的附近。該源極區24及該汲極區26可以利用任何技 • 6- 本紙張尺度適财S S家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱)" -- 裝 訂
546820 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 藝處理狀態以形成,但是最好係利用離子植入。離子植入 可以經由該消耗性氧化物完成。 圖4所示的係沉積及研磨氧化物層30之後之該半導體基 板10。該氧化物層30係沉積在該消耗性閘極結構22上方及 周圍區域。該氧化物層30的沉積厚度為該氧化物的最低部 份至少與該消耗性閘極結構22—樣高。該厚度最好係該基 板16上之該消耗性閘極結構22的高度的1至2倍。在該氧化 物層30沉積之後,便會利用化學—機械研磨(CMp)進行研磨 以曝露該消耗性閘極結構22。最好的係,該CMP處理會停止 於該消耗性閘極結構22的頂端而不會移除大量的該消耗性 閘極結構22部份。 圖5所示的係將該消耗性閘極結構22及該下方消耗性氧 化物移除之後之該半導體結構10。移除該消耗性閘極結構 22及該下方消耗性氧化物之後便會留下一開口閘極區犯。 該肩耗性閘極結構2 2及該消耗性氧化物最好係利用濕式姓 刻處理進行移除。亦可以使用其它適當的蝕刻處理。 圖6所示的係在沉積一高—k絕緣體34之後之該半導體結 構1 0。該南-k絕緣體34的厚度最妤介於2 nm與1〇〇 nm之間 。該高_k絕緣體34最好係從可以降低,或消除,氧氣或氫 氣擴散的材料中選擇。該高-k絕緣體34最好係可以作為適 當閘極介電質的材料。該高絕緣體34最好係Zr02。雖然 最好使用Zr〇2,但是亦可以使用其它適當的材料,包括石夕酸锆、Zi-Al-Si-〇、Hf02、矽酸銓、Hf-Al-0、La-A1 -〇、 氧化鑭及Ta205。
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線 五、發明説明(5 可以使用各種方法沉積該高—k絕緣體34。可用的沉積方 、:=氣相沉積,包括脈衝CVD、喷濺,或是蒸發。 舉例來说’可以利用原子層沉積方式沉積Zr02,亦稱之 ::脈衝CVD”。原子層沉積方式係用以在該基板上沉積一非 以的材料層。原子層沉積方式係運用一種所熟知的化學 吸收仙的化學現象。在化學吸收作用中’氣相材料會被 吸收至使其飽和的表面中,形成一單層大部 伤慣用的沉積技術都會運用自然的吸收作用方法,其會產 生一具有一純粹統計上的表面覆蓋的多層沉積區。利用化 學吸收作用的優·點,薄膜的成長在厚度及成分中都會非常 的均勻。舉例來說,利用此方法可以利用氯化形 成該第一單層,清洗該ZrCl4系統,然後將該表面曝露於水 蒸氣(H2〇)中便可以在矽上成長Zr〇2薄膜。用以產生氧化锆 層的其它母體包括丙氧化鍅(Zr(i0pr)4)及四甲基庚二酸 锆(Zr(tmhd)4)。對特定的氣體—固體組合而言,化學吸收 作用/、會發生在非吊限定的溫度及壓力範圍中。舉例來說 ,在攝氏300度利用ZrCL及可於矽基板上沉積氧化鍅。 因為該處理會產生一單層,所以藉由添加額外的單層可以 產生較厚的氧化锆層^雖然實驗沉積證明該原子層沉積係 可行的,但是在半導體基板上製備這類特別薄,原子層沉 積的有效工具目前尚未出現。 在較慣用的CVD處理中,亦可以利用上述的母體,以及其 它的母體,沉積Zr02。 ’、 利用慣用系統的一種替代沉積技術係以喷賤目標物以放 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 546820 A7 B7 五 、發明説明(e
置一薄的高_k材料層。所使用的係高純度金屬的喷濺目標 物。會製備一晶圓並且放入一沉積反應室中。接著會將該 晶圓加熱至室溫與攝氏500度之間。接著會將氬(Ar)及氧 (02)之混合物導入該沉積反應室中。在該反應室中會產生 具有大約500W與5kW之間的喷濺功率的電漿。會打開該锆遮 板(shutter)在該晶圓上沉積锆,然後再關閉。該反應室中 的氧氣會促使該目標材料形成Zr02&且同時在該晶圓上形 成沉積。 在本發明沉積方法的另一具體實施例中,可以利用目標 物的蒸發以沉積該薄層。基本的處理約略與上述喷濺相關 的說明實質上相同,但是並不會將該目標物曝露於電漿中 ,而是會將該目標物加熱至約攝氏1,〇〇〇與2,000度之間。 如上所述,可以利用遮板控制沉積的時間長度。 圖7所示的係在沉積一鐵電材料38之後之該半導體結構 10。該鐵電材料會填塞該開口閘極區。較好的係,該鐵電 材料38的沉積厚度會大於該開口閘極區的深度。可以利用 金屬-有機化學氣相沉積(MOCVD)或是化學-溶液沉積(CSD) 處理沉積該鐵電材料38。該鐵電材料最好係從PGO、PZT、 SBT、SBO、SBTO、SBTN ' STO、BTO、BLT、LNO、ΥΜη03 中所 選取出來的。 舉例來說,PGO材料,其亦稱之為Pb5Ge3〇H,可以利用下 面較佳的方法進行沉積。可以利用金屬有機化學氣相沉積 (MOCVD)或是 RTP(快速高溫處理(Rapid Thermal Process) 退火技術沉積該PGO材料。該PGO材料可以在450°C與550°C -9 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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線 546820 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明(7 溫度之間進行沉積。
可以利用具有液體輸送系統之EMC0RE氧化物M0CVD反應 器進行該PG0材料的成長。該pG0材斜的母體如砉1所别。 母體 化學式 蒸氣壓 (mm Hg) 分解溫度(°C ) Pb(TMHD)2 Pb(CuH1902)2 180°C /0. 05 325t Ge(ET0)4 Ge(C2H50)4 b. p. 18 5. 5 °C 表1 PG0薄膜的母體特性 液態母體,例如烷氧基鍺、齒化鍺、烷基鉛,及_化鉛 ’會利用控制溫度的氣泡機(bubb ler)產生母體蒸氣。固態 母體’例如沒-二嗣酸斜,會溶解於溶劑中並且利用具有快 速蒸餾器(flash vaporizer)的液體輸送系統產生母體氣 體。表2所示的係可使用於本發明部份觀點的pG〇母體列表。 母體 化學式室溫下濕氣 蒸氣壓分解溫度 的外觀 穩定度 (mm Hg)(。(:)
GeH4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
Ge(ET0)4 Ge(0C2H5)4 無色液體敏感 i8yc
GeCl4 (C2H5)2Ge
Cl2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐) -10- 546820 A7 B7
Pb Pb(C6H5)4白色粉末 四苯 PbCTMHDhPbCCuiyU 白色粉末 230〇C 325〇C /〇· 05 180°C 325〇C /0. 05
Pb(C2H5)4
溶劑 化學式 沸點溫度( 四氫夫喃(THF) c4h80 65 - 67〇C 異丙醇 c3h7oh 97〇C 四甘醇二甲醚 Ci〇H2205 275〇C 二曱苯 c6h4(ch3)2 137-144〇C 曱笨 c6h5ch3 111°C 丁醚 [CH3(CH2)3]20 142 - 143〇C 醋酸丁酯 CH3C02(CH2)3CH3 124-126〇C 2-乙基-1~己烧 CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H6)CH2 183-186〇C OH 裝 訂 線 表3 PGO薄膜的溶劑特性 莫耳比5:3的[Pb(thd)2]及[Ge(ET0)4]可以溶解於莫耳比 8:2:1的四氫夫喃,異丙醇及四甘醇二甲醚的混合溶劑中。 該母體溶液中的Pb5Ge30u濃度為0. 1至〇. 3M/L。該溶液會由 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 546820 A7 B7 五、發明説明(g 一泵以〇· 1亳升/分鐘的速率注入至蒸餾器(15(rc )中以形 成母體氣體。該母體氣體會利用一預熱至l5〇 —17(rc的氬氣 流流入該反應器中。該沉積溫度及壓力分別為5〇(rc&5 — 1〇 Torr。該含氧(1000 —2000 SCCffl)的罩幕流(Ar 4〇〇〇 sccffl) 導入該反應器中。沉積之後,該PG0材料會在氧氣中冷卻至 室溫。利用RTP對該PG0材料進行退火。 另外,可以利用CSD處理取代M0CVD沉積該鐵電材料。其 中一種CSD處理的形式係旋塗式(Spin 〇n)方法。舉例來說 ,可以利用該旋塗式方法沉積PG0薄膜。該母體係乙烯乙二 醇乙醚溶液中的醋酸鉛及鍺、丙氧化碘。該母體會在該基 板及任何形成薄膜的覆蓋結構上旋轉。該薄膜會在攝氏5〇 至350度烘烤1至1〇分鐘並且在每次旋塗之後於攝氏4〇〇至 500度進行預退火(preannea ied)烘烤1至15分鐘以便蒸發 該溶劑並且消除該有機成分。每個旋塗層的厚度都介於 10 nm與1〇〇 nm之間。重複幾次之後,該PG〇薄膜便可以產 生所需要的厚度。該PG0薄膜會在氧氣中於攝氏500至6〇〇 度進行結晶(crystal lized)5分鐘至3小時。不需要太多的 實驗’便可以達到所需要之薄膜厚度的處理的最佳化。 圖8所示的係在對該鐵電材料進行CMP產生鐵電閘極4〇之 後之該半導體結構1〇。較理想,該CMP處理會停止於該氧化 層30的頂端。 圖9所示的係在沉積一電極層42之後之該半導體結構1〇 。該電極層42包括銥,鉑,釕,或是其它的氧化物。如圖 10所示,會對該電極層42進行成形處理及蝕刻以形成一該 -12-
546820 A7 ------—_B7 五、發明説明(1() ) ~ '—- 頂端電極44。該電極層42可以利用光阻或是硬遮罩材料, 例如,TiN、Ti〇2、TiA1〇3、Si〇2、SiN,或是其它適當的材 料,進打成形處理。該電極層可以利用電漿蝕刻或是或是 其它適當的蝕刻處理進行姓刻。 在替代的具體實施例中,可以利用鑲嵌(inlaid或 damascene)的方式形成該頂端電極44。會利用與用於形成 該鐵電閘極相同的方法形成一溝渠,其詳細說明如上所述 。接著會在該溝渠上沉積一金屬,例如銀、麵、釕,或是 其它的氧化物,並且利用CMP進行研磨以形成該頂端電極 44 〇 圖10所不的係具有一鐵電閘極結構46的該半導體結構1〇 。該鐵電閘極結構46包括一沿著底部及侧邊受到該高_k絕 緣體34保護的鐵電閘極40,其中該高—k絕緣體會形成側牆 48,及上面的頂端電極44。這可以降低,或是消除,該鐵 電閘極40中從氧或是氫擴散至該鐵電閘極4〇的污染物。在 部份的具體實施例中,使用該高一k絕緣體34便可以不需要 將該鐵電材料鈍化。 圖11所示的係利用技藝方法狀態鈍化及金屬化之後之該 半導體結構10。與該源極區24,該汲極區26,及該頂端電 極44相連的連接50會延伸穿過鈍化層52。圖中所示的該連 接50係簡化的結構。可以利用任何目前技藝的金屬化技術 ,包括銅金屬化。該金屬化包括位障層及其它與各種金屬 化技術相關的層。 雖然上述中利用沉積進行金屬化之後便會進行钱刻,但 -13- ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)~' 546820 A7 B7 五、發明説明Cm ) 是亦可以利用鑲嵌金屬化處理取代與上面該頂端電極44相 關的處理。舉例來說,對銅金屬化而言利用鑲嵌金屬化處 理係較好的方式。 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

1 · 一種鐵電電晶體結構,包括: a) —覆蓋一半導體基板的鐵電閘極;及 b) —插入於該鐵電閘極及該半導體基板之間的高噠 材料。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該半導 體基板係矽或SOI。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該鐵電 閘極係 PG0、PZT、SBT、SB0、SBT0、SBTN、ST0、BT0、 BLT 、 LN0或ΥΜη03 。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該高一k 材料係Zr02、矽酸锆、Zr-A卜Si-0、Hf02、矽酸铪、η卜A1—〇 、La-Al-0、氧化鑭或 Ta205。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該鐵電 閘極係利用化學溶液沉積(CSD)方法進行沉積。 6·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,進一步包括 相鄰於該鐵電閘極的高_k侧牆。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該高一k 侧牆包括Zr02、矽酸錘、Zr-A卜Si-0、Hf02、矽、 Hf-A1-0、La-A卜0、氧化鑭或 Ta205。 8·如申請專利範圍第6項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該高一k 側牆包括與該高-k材料相同的材料。 9·如申請專利範圍第1項之鐵電電晶體結構,進—步包括 一覆蓋該鐵電閘極的頂端電極。 10·如申請專利範圍第9項之鐵電電晶體結 π τ 1¾頂端 546820 申請專利範圍 11 電極包括銥、鉑、釕、氧化銥、氧化鉑、或是氧化釕。 一種鐵電電晶體結構,包括一具有一底部,侧邊及一覆 蓋一半導體基板之頂端的鐵電閘極,其中該鐵電閘極係 被該底部及該側邊上的高-k材料及該頂端上的頂端電 極的結合所包圍。 12 其中該半導 其中該鐵電 ST0 、 ΒΤ0 、 如申請專利範圍第11項之鐵電電晶體結構 體基板係矽或SOI。 13·如申請專利範圍第11項之鐵電電晶體結構 閘極係 PG0、PZT、SBT、SB0、SBT0、SBTN BLT、LN0或 ΥΜη03。 14·如申請專利範圍第u項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該高一^ 材料係zr〇2、碎酸結、Zr-A卜Si_〇、Hf〇2、碎酸給、Η=ι〇 、La-A卜0、氧化鑭或Ta2〇5。 15. 如申請專利範圍第u項之鐵電電晶體結構,其中該鐵電 閉極係利用化學溶液沉積(CSD)方法進行沉積。 16. 如申請專利範圍第u項之鐵電電晶趙結構,其。中該頂端 電極包括銥、鉑、釕、氧化銥、氧化鉑或氧化釕。 17. :種在基板上形成鐵電電晶體結構的方法,包括的步驟 a) 形成一覆蓋該基板的消耗性閘極結構; b) 移除該消耗性閘極結構; c) 在該基板上沉積一高—k材料;及 d) 在該高—k材料上沉積一鐵電材料。 18·如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其 # r形成該消耗性閘極 -16 本纸張尺度g家鮮(CNS)鑛格(21()><297公爱) 546820 申請專利範圍 A BCD 19· 20. 21· 22, 23. 24· 25. 26. 的進行步驟包括:. a) >儿積一消耗性閘極材料層並且進行圖案形成處理 ’以便形成一消耗性閘極; b) 形成一覆蓋該消耗性閘極的氧化物; c) 及研磨該氧化物以曝露該消耗性閘極。 如申明專利範圍第18項之方法,其中形成該消耗性閘極 材料層係氮化石夕或多晶石夕。 如申%專利範圍第18項之方法,其中該研磨步驟係使用 化學-機械研磨(CMP)的方式進行。如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,#中沉積該高—k材料的 步驟係藉由化學氣相沉積(CVD)、脈衝CVD、喷濺或是 蒸發的方式進行。 如申请專利範圍第Π項之方法,其中沉積該高料的 步驟係沉積ζΓ〇2、矽酸鍩、Zr_A1_Si_〇、Hf〇2、矽酸姶 、Hf-A1-0、La-A1-0、氧化鑭或^此。 如申凊專利範圍第17項之方法,其中沉積該鐵電材料的 步驟係藉由使用金屬-有機化學氣相沉積(M〇CVD”或是 化學溶液沉積(CSD)的方式進行。如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中沉積該鐵電材料的 步驟係積 PGO、PZT、SBT ' SBO、SBTO、SBTN、STO、 BTO 、 BLT 、 LN0或YMh03 。如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,進_步包括形成—頂端 電極的步驟。如申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中該頂端電極係銀、
-17- 546820 A B c D 六、申請專利範圍 始、氧化錶或氧化始。 27·如申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中形成該頂端電極的 步驟係藉由沉積並進行圖案形成處理一頂端電極層的 方式進行。 28.如申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中形成該頂端電極的 步驟係藉由使用一鑲嵌處理的方式進行。 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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