TW444056B - Lubricant for cold working of metallic material - Google Patents

Lubricant for cold working of metallic material Download PDF

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Publication number
TW444056B
TW444056B TW088109556A TW88109556A TW444056B TW 444056 B TW444056 B TW 444056B TW 088109556 A TW088109556 A TW 088109556A TW 88109556 A TW88109556 A TW 88109556A TW 444056 B TW444056 B TW 444056B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
lubricant
weight
water
resin
film
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TW088109556A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yasuo Imai
Hideji Nagata
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Nihon Parkerizing
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Publication of TW444056B publication Critical patent/TW444056B/zh

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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M2201/02Water
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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    • C10M2201/042Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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    • C10M2201/066Molybdenum sulfide
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Description

4 44 0 5 6 r 八1 _B7___ 五、發明說明(I ) 本發明係有關潤滑性優之鋼鐵、鈦、鋁等金屬材料之 塑性加工用潤滑劑者。更詳而言,本發明係有關塑性加工 時,藉由噴霧或浸漬塗佈於被加工物後立即乾燥之簡單步 驟形成具優異潤滑性薄膜的塑性加工金屬材料用之潤滑劑 0 通常塑性加工金屬材料時爲減少被加工材料與工具間 之金屬接觸而產生之摩擦,防止膠著摩損或擦損爲目的均 使用液狀或固體狀潤滑劑。所用潤滑劑係依使用方法之不 同大體上可分爲二種。其一係物理性附著於金屬表面之潤 滑劑,另一係藉由化學反應在金屬表面生成載體薄膜後使 滑劑附著之潤滑劑。前者之潤滑劑係以礦油、植物油或合 成油爲基油,添加耐特壓添加劑,有附著於金屬表面可直 接進行塑性加工之類型者,或使金屬皂、石墨或二硫化鉬 等固體潤滑劑與黏合劑成份一起分散於水,附著於金屬 表面後使其乾燥進行塑性加工之類型等。此等潤滑劑可以 採用塗佈或浸漬之使用方法所以極簡便,還具有幾乎不需 液體管理等有利處,常被使用於比較輕之塑性加工。另外 ,後者之潤滑劑的處理係被稱爲化學形成薄膜處理者,藉 由化學反應在金屬表面生成具有做爲載體性質之磷酸鹽薄 膜後,以硬脂酸鈉或硬脂酸鈣等反應皂或非反應皂做爲滑 劑施予處理。此種類型者係具有做爲載體之化學形成薄膜 與做爲滑劑之金屬皂所成二層構造,具有極佳之耐膠者摩 損性。所以在拉製線、拉製管、鍛造等塑性加工領域被廣 爲使用。 本纸張尺度適用中國固家標準(CN'S)..V1規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂.--------線 沒译^"^):"4 苟3'工办烹今'"^.-'.57,·. 4 44 05 6 a: ____B7__ 五、發明說明θ ) 惟磷酸鹽處理係一種化學反應,所以必須有複雜之液 體管理,又要在所形成化學薄膜上塗佈滑劑,包含水洗或 酸洗在內時必須具備多次之處理步驟。又自處理時所用之 水洗水或化學形成薄膜會產生大量廢液,並且做爲控制化 學反應必須加熱,必須花費大筆設備投資或作業上費用。 爲解決此等問題,代替花費較多之磷酸鹽處理,曾有 人努力開發上述物理方法提高潤滑膜之性能,期能提高至 同等於化學形成處理之程度。經過努力之結果被提案出使 用油系之潤滑劑或水系之潤滑劑的方法。油系潤滑劑有特 公平4- 1 7 9 8號公報揭示之「在配合氯化石蠟、磷酸 酯等耐特壓添加劑與異丁烯一正丁烯共聚物與動植物油等 之潤滑油中,配合金屬皂或固體潤滑劑之冷加工用潤滑劑 」。惟此等既使爲高性能潤滑劑,與化學形成薄膜處理後 反應皂潤滑處理之潤滑法相比較,在加工性上仍有問題, 又,因使用耐特壓添加劑,加工時會有產生臭氣之缺點。 又,水系潤滑劑時,有直接以濕式使用者,有做爲乾 式薄膜使用者,直接以濕式使用之水系潤滑劑係如上述油 系潤滑劑直接澆注於工具或加工材料使用者,做爲乾式薄 膜使用之水系潤滑劑係如上述化學形成薄膜一樣在處理槽 浸漬處理後,於乾燥步驟中使水份蒸發,得到固體薄膜者 •前者有特公昭5 8_ 3 0 3 5 8號公報中揭示之「以碳 酸氫鹽(固體)爲主成份,在其中加入少量之分散劑與界 面活性劑與固體潤滑劑所成金屬管的冷或熱加工用潤滑劑 」,惟仍無法達到代替化學形成薄膜廣泛地被採用的地步 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂·--------線· 衣?氏張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 * 297公楚) -5- 444 05 6 A7 ____B7__ 五、發明說明(?) 。又’後者有特開昭5 2 _ 2 0 9 6 7號公報揭示之「以 水溶性高分子或其水性乳膠爲基材,配合固體潤滑劑與形 成化學薄膜用劑所成的潤滑劑組成物」等,惟仍無法得到 更優於化學形成薄膜者。 本發明係爲解決上述之以往技術所擁有問題而開發者 ’做爲塑性加工用潤滑劑提供不必藉由磷酸鹽形成底質薄 膜’以水系,藉由浸漬或噴霧使其附著後乾燥之簡便步驟 ’即可得不遜於磷酸處理法所得潤滑性的金屬材料塑性加 工用潤滑劑組成物。 本發明人等係爲解決上述課題,經再三深入硏討的結 果’發現將金屬浸漬於含合成樹脂與水溶性無機鹽的水溶 液或水分散液經乾燥時,即可得緊貼性極佳之強靭薄膜。 另外又發現在此水溶液或水分散液中含有滑劑或固體潤滑 劑等時,可使所得薄膜具有極優異之潤滑性能,遂而完成 本發明。 即,本發明係一種金屬材料的塑性加工用潤滑劑組成 物,其特徵爲含有(A )合成樹脂、(B )水溶性無機鹽 及水、(B)/(A)(固體成份重量比)爲0.25/ 1〜9/1,合成樹脂係被溶解或被分散者。 本發明之金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物係以再含 有1〜2 0重量%至少一種選自金屬皂、蠟、聚四氟化乙 烯及油所成群之滑劑成份爲宜。上述水溶性無機鹽係以至 少一種選自硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、釩酸鹽及鎢酸鹽所 成群爲宜。上述合成樹脂係以至少一種選自聚乙烯醇、聚 衣纸張尺度適用f ®國家標準(CNS).-VI規格(2丨0 X 297公笼) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ---------訂-------- .線· 4 44 05 6 A7 ___B7__ 五、發明說明(4 ) 乙铺哦略院嗣、丙稀酸樹脂、乙酸乙嫌樹脂、環氧樹脂、 胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂及酹系樹脂所成群爲宜。本發明組成物 中成份(A )與成份(B )之較佳組合係成份(A )爲胺 基甲酸乙酯樹脂、成份(B )爲硼酸鹽之組合。換言之, 本發明組成物之較佳實施形態係以固體成份而言,含有 ◦ · 3〜10 . 0重量%成份(A)之胺基甲酸乙酯,以 及含有1 . 0〜10 . 0重量%成份(B)之硼酸鹽,再 含有滑劑的上述金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物。本發 明組成物中更以含1〜2 0重量%至少一種選自二硫化鉬 、石墨、聚四氟化乙烯、氮化硼、雲母及氟化石墨所成群 之固體潤滑劑爲宜=又,本發明組成物中以再含有0 . 5 〜5重量%至少一種選自硫系耐特壓添加劑,有機鉬系耐 特壓添加劑、磷系耐特壓添加劑及氯系耐特壓添加劑所成 群之耐特性添加劑爲宜。 以下更詳細說明本發明。本發明之金屬材料塑性加工 用潤滑劑組成物中所用(A )合成樹脂係只要耐於塑性加 工可形成具有緊貼性及薄膜強度之薄膜者,即不必特別限 定’例如可用聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸系樹脂 、乙酸乙烯樹脂、環氧樹脂、胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂及酚系樹 脂。使用之樹脂可爲水溶性或水分散性之任一,視其使用 之目的選擇爲宜。例如塑性加工後必須脫膜時以水溶性合 成樹脂,必須耐水性時可選擇水分散性合成樹脂。 本發明中使用之合成樹脂係溶解或分散於本發明組成 物中者。爲使其分散’可視其需要用公知之界面活性劑。 ^7:-------- ;呔设&度適用中S 0家標準(CNS)/U規格(210 X 297公Η ) Ή~- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^---- tr---------線- A7 B7 444056 五、發明說明θ ) 聚乙烯醇係水解聚乙酸乙烯被製造者’惟除完全水解 之物以外只水解5 0 %以上者亦可使用。本發明中之聚乙 烯醇係包含5 0莫耳%以乙烯醇單位與乙烯單位所成之共 聚物。聚乙烯醇之分子量係以凝膠滲透層析測定時最好爲 3〇0 〜2000。 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮係聚合Ν -乙烯_ 2 -吡咯烷酮所得 者。以凝膠滲透層析測定聚乙烯吡咯烷酮時之分子量以 500〜100◦者爲宜。 丙烯酸系樹脂係至少聚合一種丙烯酸系單體所得者。 丙烯酸系單體有丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙 酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸異丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯 、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2 —乙基己酯、丙烯酸 辛酯等(甲基)丙烯酸Ci〜Cs烷基酯:丙烯酸甲氧甲酯 、丙烯酸甲氧乙酯、丙烯酸乙氧甲酯、丙烯酸乙氧乙酯、 丙烯酸甲氧丁基等(甲基)丙烯酸低級烷氧基低級烷基酯 ;(甲基)丙烯酸2 —羥乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3 -羥丙 酯等(甲基)丙烯酸羥基低級烷基酯;丙烯醯胺、甲基丙 烯醯胺;N -羥甲基丙烯醯胺,羥甲基曱基丙烯醯胺 、N - 丁氧基甲基丙烯醯胺、N - 丁氧甲基甲基丙烯醯胺 等N -不取代或具有取代(尤其低級烷氧基取代)羥甲基 之(甲基)丙烯醯胺;丙烯酸膦醯氧基甲酯、丙烯酸膦醯 氧基乙醋、丙嫌酸膦醯氧基丙醋、甲基丙嫌酸膦酿氧基甲 酯、甲基丙烯酸膦醯氧基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸膦酿氧基丙醋 等(甲基)丙烯酸膦醯氧基低級烷基酯:丙烯腈;丙嫌酸 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線· \ &濟部哲-"^產苟負工"費合-"^:!,;'-1入 本紙張又度適用中®國家標準(CNS).‘V丨規格(210 X 297公$ > ^8-
AT 444056 _B7____— 五、發明說明@ ) 、甲基丙烯酸等。本發明中之丙烯酸系樹脂亦包含至少一 種如上述之丙烯酸系單體與至少一種苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯 、乙酸乙烯、氯化乙烯、乙烯等其他乙烯性單體之共聚物 ,且含有3 0莫耳%以上丙烯酸系單體單位者。丙烯酸系 樹脂之分子量係以凝膠滲透層析測定時爲1 0 0 0〜 1 ,00〇,0◦0,尤其以 100,0◦0 〜 600,0◦0 爲宜。 乙酸乙烯樹脂係聚合乙酸乙烯所得者。本發明中乙酸 乙烯樹脂亦包括聚乙酸乙烯樹脂中被水解之乙酸乙烯單位 未達5 0%者。另外,本發明中之乙酸乙烯樹脂還包含乙 酸乙烯與乙烯之共聚物(乙酸乙烯單位5 0莫耳%以上) 者。乙酸乙烯樹脂之分子量係以凝膠滲透層析測定時以 200〜2000爲宜。 環氧樹脂係使雙酚類|尤其雙酚A ( 2,2 —雙( 4 羥苯基)丙烷)與環氧氯丙烷反應所得之雙酚型環 氧樹脂,尤其可爲以下式所示雙酚A型環氧樹脂。除此外 還有例如環氧丙醚化酚-酚醛淸漆樹脂之酚性羥基所得酚 醛淸漆型環氧樹脂,芳香族羧酸之環氧丙酯,以過酸環氧 化乙烯性不飽和化合物之雙鍵所得過酸環氧型等。另外還 可爲在如上述之環氧樹脂的樹脂架構上加成環氧乙烷或環 氧丙烷者,亦可爲多元醇之環氧丙醚型等。此等中以使用 雙酚A型環氧樹脂爲最佳。環氧樹脂之分子量係以凝膠溱 透層析測定時以3 5 0〜5 0 0 0爲宜。 (请先閱請背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^衣--------訂---------線_ 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x297公釐) ;4 4〇56 A7 B7 五、發明說明f 011 ch3 ch2-
o-ch3 —ch-cii2-.o
O-CHf 0 胺基 之合成樹 氰酸酯基, 多元醇進 聚醚聚醇 次乙基二 甲酸乙酯樹 脂、胺基甲 的聚異氰酸 行聚加成反 。聚酯聚醇 脂係具 酸乙酯 酯化合 應所得 有例如 醇、 2 -丙二 醇、1 ,2 — 丁 二醇、1
經濟部^'ι_、:3ί·4笱員工消费合泎;i"S 、3 -甲 、丙三醇 酸、癸二 四氫鈦酸 應所得末 又, 乙基二醇 基戊二醇、 等低分子量 酸、苯二酸 、橋亞甲基 端具有羥基 聚醚聚醇可 、:L ,2 — 、1,2 - 丁 二醇, 3 —甲基戊二醇、己 基丙院、丙二醇等低 /或環氧丙烷高加成 己二醇 之多元 、異苯 四氫酞 的聚酯 爲例如 丙—醇 1 3 二醇、 分子量 物、聚 有胺酯結合 樹脂通常可 物與具有二 者。該多元 乙二醇、雙 醇、1,3 3 - 丁二醇 、氫化雙酚 醇,與琥珀 二酸、對苯 酸、六氫酞 化合物。 乙二醇、雙 鍵(N Η 用具有二 個以上活 醇可爲聚 乙烯基乙 C 0 0 ) 個以上異 性氫基之 酯聚醇及 二醇、三 —丙二醇、新戊二 、1 ,4 _ 丁二醇 A、三羥甲基丙烷 酸、戊二酸、己二 二酸、苯三甲酸、 酸等多鹽基酸相反 乙烯乙二醇.三次 丙二醇、新戊二醇 —丁 二醇、1 雙酚A、氫 之多元醇或 乙二醇、聚 ----------^-------- 訂-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 線- 丁二醇、 化雙酚A、三羥甲 此等之環氧乙烷及 丙二醇、聚乙烯/ 本紙張及度適用中國國家標準(CN'S)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐) ΤΤΪΡ 4 4 4 0 5 6 A7 ____________B7___ 五、發明說明@ ) 丙二醇等聚醚聚醇、聚己內酯聚醇 '聚烯烴聚醇、聚丁二 烯聚醇等。 又,聚異氰酸酯有脂肪族 '脂環式及芳香族異氰酸酯 、具體言有四亞甲基二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、 賴胺酸二異氰酸酯、氫化次二甲苯基二異氰酸酯、1 ,4 一環己基二異氰酸酯、4 ’ 4 > —二環己基甲烷二異氰酸 酯、2,4 - _二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯、異佛酮二異氰 酸醋、3 , 3 — _二甲氧基一 4 ’ 4 雙苯基二異氰酸 酯、1 ,5 —萘二異氰酸酯、1 ’ 5 —四氫萘二異氰酸酯 、2,4 —甲苯二異氰酸酯、2 ,6 —甲苯二異氰酸酯、 4,4 _二苯甲院二異氰酸酯、2,4 —二苯基甲院 二異氰酸酯、苯基二異氰酸酯、次二甲苯基二異氰酸醋、 四甲基次二甲苯基二異氰酸酯等。 胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂之分子量係以凝膠滲透層析測定時 以500〜500,000爲宜》 酚樹脂係至少一種酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚等酚類與甲醛 反應所得者,可爲酚醛淸漆型樹脂,可溶酚醛型樹脂之任 一。使用酚醛淸漆型樹脂時必須共存做爲硬化劑之六亞甲 基四胺等。酚樹脂薄膜係於後述之乾燥步驟中硬化。酚樹 脂之分子量並不特別限制。 此等各種合成樹脂當然亦可使用市販者,通常合成樹 脂爲水溶性時可做爲水溶液取得,合成樹脂爲水不涪性時 ,可成爲使用後述分散滑劑所用之界面活性劑一樣的界面 活性劑分散於水之分散液予以取得。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂'--------線. 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x 297公坌) A7 B7 444056 五、發明說明p ) 其次,水溶性無機鹽(B )係經由乾燥與合成樹脂一 起生成爲薄膜者,爲使薄膜具硬度與強度而添加者。所以 所選出之水溶性無機鹽必須可均一地溶解於溶液中,乾燥 時均勻地與合成樹脂析出|具有可提高薄膜強度之性質° 這種性質之水溶性無機鹽以使用至少一種選自硫酸鹽、_ 酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、釩酸鹽及鎢酸鹽所成群爲宜。可爲例如硫 酸鈉、硫酸鉀、硼酸鈉(四硼酸鈉等)、硼酸鉀(四硼酸 鉀等)、硼酸銨(四硼酸銨等)、鉬酸銨、鉬酸鈉、鎢酸 鈉、釩酸鈉等。此等可單獨使用,亦可組合二種以上使用 〇 本發明中之合成樹脂(A)與水溶性無機鹽(B )的 重量比(固體成份重量比)(B ) / ( A )必須爲 0 · 25/1〜9/1。該重量比爲0 · 25/1以下時 薄膜之硬度不足,金屬材料上會產生擦損或膠著摩損。又 ,該重量比爲9 / 1以上時則會降低薄膜之緊貼性及符合 性,加工時薄膜易脫落降低潤滑性。上述(B ) / ( A ) 重量比係較佳爲0 . 3 / 1〜8 / 1 ,更佳係〇 . 5 / 1 〜7 / 1。 所形成薄膜的性質可調節水溶性或水分散性合成樹脂 與水溶性無機鹽之重量比,視加工或滑動部位所受負擔大 小決定最適當之重量比。即水溶性無機鹽之比率多時可提 昇薄膜硬度,提高耐加重性能,惟會降低薄膜之緊密性。 例如塑性加工爲封閉鍛造之類,加工條件嚴苛之情況 時以添加較多量水溶性無機鹽爲宜,具體言,合成樹脂( (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線. 經濟部智慧財產咼員工消费合泎江印及 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)AO見格(210 X 297公釐〉 4 44 0 5 6 B7 五、發明說明〇◦) A )與水溶性無機鹽(b )之重量比(固體成分重量比) (B) /(A)係以 1 . 5/1 〜9/1 爲宜,以 2/1 〜8/1爲較適宜,更以2/1〜7/1爲最適宜。又如 薄板之壓製加工時最好有較佳薄膜之追隨性,所以水溶性 無機鹽的比率最好較少,其重量比以〇.25/1〜2/ 1爲宜,更以〇.3/1〜2/1爲最佳。 合成樹脂及水溶性無機鹽之配合量係兩者之合計(固 體成份合計)最好爲本組成物之1〜2 0重量%,以1〜 1 5重量%爲宜,更以3〜1 0重量%爲最適宜。 適用本發明之金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物於金 屬表面上’若塑性加工爲一階段的塑性加工時,上述成份 (A ) ' ( B )及水所成組成物可以再視其需要含有滑劑
成份,固體潤滑劑及/或耐特壓添加劑,將其適用於金屬 材料較爲適宜,若塑性加工爲多階段之塑性加工(例如拉 製或鍛造時之多段加工)時係塗佈上述成份(A)、 ( B )及水所組成物於金屬材料,以乾燥後生成之薄膜做爲載 體,再於每一加工階段視其需要在其上塗佈滑劑成份、固 體潤滑劑及/或耐特壓添加劑(例如撒下去)進行塑性加 工較爲適宜。 所以本發明之金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物係尤 其供予金屬材料之一階段塑性加工時,或多階段加工時, 可視其需要再含有滑劑成份、固體潤滑劑及/或耐特壓添 加劑較爲適宜。 上述成份中滑劑成份係通常以含於該組成物中爲宜。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線-^ 木纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x 297公釐) -13 - 444 05 6 B7 五、發明說明01 ) 該滑劑成份以在水溶液中安定,且不會降低薄膜強度者爲 宜,此種可爲金屬皂、蠟、聚四氟化乙烯及油。具體言, 金屬皂可爲硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鋁、硬脂酸鋇、硬脂酸鋰、 硬脂酸鋅等,蠟可爲聚乙烯蠟、聚丙烯蠟、巴西棕櫚蠟、 蜜蠟、石蠟等、聚四氟化乙烯可爲例如聚合度100萬〜 1000萬左右之聚四氟化乙烯。又,油可用植物油、礦 物油、合成油等,例如植物油有棕櫚油、Μ麻油、菜仔油 等、礦物油有機油、渦輪油、錠子油等,合成油有酯油、 聚矽氧油等。 此等可成爲水分散液或水乳膠之形態與其他成份混合 〜使其含於本組成物 在本發明組成物中滑劑係通常被分散或乳化者。 滑劑之配合量係1〜20重量%,以1〜1 0重量% 爲宜,更以2〜7重量%爲更佳。配合量爲1重量%以下 時薄膜受到之摩擦增加,易發生膠著摩損,1 0重量%以 上時則會降低薄膜之緊密性。上述含成份(A )、成份( B )、滑劑及水之本發明組成物的較佳實施形態係含有以 固體成份爲0.3〜10.0重量%(A)胺基甲酸乙酯 樹脂、1.0〜10·0重量%(B)硼酸鹽、滑劑及水 、(B ) / ( A )(固體成份重量比)爲0.25/1〜 9 / 1的金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物。胺基甲酸乙 酯樹脂爲0 . 3重童%以上係爲防止降低薄膜之緊密性而 考量之較佳數値、1 0 . 0重量%以下係由防止降低薄膜 硬度,防其發生膠著摩損之觀點而言爲較佳數値。又,硼
λ纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(C^S)A4規格(210 x 297公g ) - H (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^--------訂—--------線 444056 A7 B7 五、發明說明(>2 ) 酸爲1 . 〇重量%以上係由防止薄膜之硬度變弱導致在金 屬材料發生膠著摩損的觀點而言爲較佳數値、10·0重 量%以下係由可防止薄膜緊密性或薄膜之延展性降低’導 致加工時薄膜易於脫落,爲此降低其潤滑性的觀點而言爲 較佳數値。 此實施形態中滑劑之種類及其配合量均可與上述一樣 0 加工條件較嚴苛之塑性加工時,本發明組成物中以再 含固體潤滑劑爲宜。這時所用固體潤滑劑係以可安定地存 在於薄膜中,在較重之負荷重量下亦有助於潤滑者爲宜。 這種可爲石墨、二硫化鉬、氮化硼、氟化石墨、雲母等。 該固體潤滑劑之配合量係以1〜2 0重量%爲宜。更 以1〜1 0重量%爲宜,最佳係1〜5重量%。配合量爲 1重量%以下時恐有耐膠著摩損性不足之虞,2 0重量% 以上時則恐怕會降低緊密性,並不適宜。 加工條件更嚴苛之塑性加工係最好在上述組成物中再 含有耐特壓添加劑爲宜。這時做爲耐特壓添加劑係以在薄 膜中安定,藉由加工可在工具與金屬之接觸面發揮耐特壓 效果者爲宜。這種耐特壓添加劑可爲硫化烯烴、硫化酯、 亞硫酸酯、硫代羧酸酯、氯化脂肪酸、磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯 、二硫代胺基甲酸鉬(Mo DTC)、二硫代磷酸鉬( MoDTP)、二硫代磷酸鋅(ZnDTP)等硫系耐特 壓添加劑,有機鉬系耐特壓添加劑、磷系耐特壓添加劑及 氯系耐特壓添加劑。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS)A·!規格(210 X 297公釐> -15 - -----------^--------訂---------線,\ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經-部智慧时產笱員工消费合泎让印賢 4 44056 at _B7_五、發明說明03 ) 該耐特壓添加劑之配合量係以0 . 5〜5重量%爲宜 ,更以1〜3重量%爲最佳。配合量未達0.5重量%時 會有耐特壓效果不足之虞,5重量%以上時則有薄膜緊密 性降低之虞》 爲使合成樹脂、滑劑、固體潤滑劑及/或耐特壓添加 劑分散或乳化用而需要界面活性劑時,界面活性劑可用非 離子性界面活性劑.陰離子性界面活性劑、兩性界面活性 劑及陽離子性界面活性劑中之任一。非離子性界面活性劑 並不特別限制,惟可用聚氧化乙烯烷基醚、聚氧化烯(乙 烯及/或丙烯)烷苯基醚、聚乙二醇(或環氧乙烷)與高 級脂肪酸(例如碳數1 2〜1 8 )所構成之聚氧乙烯烷基 酯、山梨糖醇酐與聚乙二醇與高級脂肪酸(例c i 2〜C ^ 8 )所構成之聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐烷基酯等。陰離子性界 面活性劑並不特別限制,惟可用脂肪酸鹽、硫酸酯鹽、磺 酸鹽、磷酸酯鹽、二硫代磷酸酯鹽等。兩性界面活性劑亦 不特別限制,惟可用例如胺基酸型及甜菜鹼型羧酸鹽、硫 酸酯鹽、磺酸鹽、磷酸酯鹽等。陽離子性界面活性劑亦不 特別限制,可用例如脂肪族胺鹽、第四級銨鹽等。此等界 面活性劑可分別單獨或組合二種以上使用。 本發明之潤滑劑組成物的製造方法係只要所製造之潤 滑劑組成物能滿足上述條件即不特別限制。例如可在水溶 性無機鹽之水溶液中加入水溶性或水分散性合成樹脂,充 分攪拌後,使用任意成份之滑劑、固體潤滑劑及/或耐特 壓添加劑,再視其需要使用界面活性劑及水,使其爲分散 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^------ 訂----- 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ^16- A7 d 44 Ο 5 6 B7_____ 五、發明說明(14 ) 液或乳化液後,經添加、攪拌以製造。 本發明之潤滑劑組成物可做爲冷塑性加工(拉製、拉 製管、鍛造等)鐵或鋼 '銅或銅合金、鋁或鋁合金、鈦或 鈦合金等金屬材料時做爲潤滑劑使用。金屬材料之形狀不 限於棒狀材料或塊狀材料等材料,還可供經熱鍛造後之造 形物(齒輪、軸)等之加工用,所以不特別限制。 塗佈本發明潤滑劑組成物之前,爲得到更佳之結果依 序施予水洗、酸洗(除去金屬材料之氧化垢,提高薄膜之 緊密性使用鹽酸等施行)、水洗等預處理,淸潔其表面爲 最適宜。若未附著有氧化垢時亦可省去酸洗—水洗步驟。 此等預處理可依常法施行。 本發明之潤滑劑組成物可依浸漬、噴霧、澆塗等常法 塗佈於金屬材料。塗佈係只要潤滑劑組成物可充份地被覆 於金屬表面,至於塗佈時間並不特別限制。塗佈後潤滑劑 組成物必須予以乾燥。乾燥時雖可放置於常溫,但通常於 6 0〜1 5 0°C進行1 0〜6 0分鐘較爲適宜。 塗佈本發明組成物經乾燥後之薄膜重量係就防止膠著 摩損觀點而言,以1 g /m 2以上爲宜,又,就成本上言以 3 0 g/m2以下爲宜,以5〜2 0 g/m2爲更佳,最佳 係8〜15g/m2。 本發明之潤滑機作應係藉由水溶性或水分散性合成樹 脂與水溶性無機鹽之複合薄膜而得以發揮者。即根據推測 應爲混合水溶性或水分散性樹脂與水溶性無機鹽之水溶液 附著於金屬表面,然後還有使其乾燥之步驟,首先水會蒸 本纸張又度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂·------ 線_ Λ7 B7 444056 五、發明說明(15 ) 發,水溶液之濃度上昇,開始析出水溶性無機鹽之結晶。 然後水會再蒸發’提昇合成樹脂之濃度使其慢慢析出而緊 密粘附於金屬表面。這時因已有無機鹽結晶析出,所以水 溶性或水分散性合成樹脂可成爲均勻地分散於水溶性無機 鹽結晶之薄膜》因此應爲合成樹脂與無機鹽一起均勻地析 出’而可形成兼具有合成樹脂之柔軟性與緊密性,無機鹽 之硬度與強度的薄膜者。 在此與比較例一起舉本發明之實施例,具體說明本發 明與其效果。 實施例1〜3,比較例1〜2 以表1所示比率調製潤滑劑組成物。溶解水溶性無機 鹽於水後,溶解酚樹脂充份地攪拌予以調製。在此潤滑劑 組成物中浸漬包登(Bowden )摩擦試驗片(材質:S P C 鋼板、15〇mmx7 5mmxl .〇mm) 30 秒鐘後 ,於1 0 0°C乾燥3 0分鐘。對於經乾燥之全面薄膜撒上 硬脂酸鈣粉末(曰本油脂公司製)後,供作包登摩擦試驗 片。 又,塗佈包登摩擦試驗潤滑劑組成物之前,對試驗片 施予以下之(1 )〜(2)預處理步驟。熱風乾燥。 (1 )驗脫脂(日本Parkerlizing公司製,精細洗劑 436〇,濃度20g/《,濃度60°C,浸漬10分鐘 )° (2 )水洗 以常溫之自來水噴洗。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 * 297公釐〉 (請先闓讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一衣--------訂---------線· 444 05 6 B7 五、發明說明06 ) 薄膜重量(g / m 2 )由潤滑劑組成物塗佈前後之重量 差計算出。包登摩擦試驗係以試驗負荷重5 k g,試驗溫 度爲室溫’試驗鋼球5 m m 0,測定摩擦係數與膠著摩損 次數(摩擦係數係達到〇 · 2 5爲止時之滑動次數)。平 均摩擦係數係測定膠著摩損次數X h次數的前後1 〇次平均 數。 實施例4〜7,比較例3〜6 依表2所示比率調製潤滑劑組成物。溶解水溶性無機 鹽於水後’溶解胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂、聚乙烯醇、酚樹脂或 丙烯酸酯樹脂充分攪拌。再添加表2所示添加劑1 (滑劑 )(聚乙烯蠟分散液、硬脂酸鈣分散液、聚四氟化乙烯或 棕櫚油分散液)經攪拌成潤滑劑組成物。在此潤滑劑組成 物中浸漬3 0秒包登摩擦試片(材料:S P C鋼板、 15〇mmx75mmxl . 〇mm)後,於 l〇〇°c 乾 燥3 0分鐘’供予包登摩擦試驗。包登摩擦試驗及包登試 驗片之預處理係如實施例1〜3 —樣進行。 後方冲孔試片係浸漬於潤滑劑組成物3 0秒後,於 1 0 0 °C烘箱放置3 0分鐘,完全乾燥後供予試驗。 又,後方冲孔試驗片係在塗佈潤滑劑組成物之前,對 試驗片施予以下預處理步驟(1 )〜(4 )後熱風乾燥。 (1 )鹼脫脂:(用曰本Parkelizing公司製精細洗劑 4 3 6 0,濃度2 0 g / < ,溫度6 0 °C,浸漬 1 0分鐘)。 本紙張尺度適用中囤國家標準(CNS)A4視格(210 X 297公芨) -19 - (請先閱讀背面之注t事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線· 444056 A7 B7 五、發明說明(17 ) (2 )水洗:以常溫自來水噴洗3 0秒。 (3)酸洗:鹽酸,濃度17.5重量%,溫度室溫 ,浸漬時間1 0分鐘。 (4 )水洗:以常溫之自來水噴洗3 0秒。 供予後方冲孔試驗之材料係市販之S 4 5 C球狀化退 火材料,試驗片之形狀係直徑3. 0 m m 0,以2 m m單位 將高度改至16〜40mm者(13水準)。 後方冲孔試驗係用2 0 0噸曲柄壓機,裝配模型,在 外周圍被固定之圓柱狀試驗片上,以減面率可成爲5 0% 之直徑冲壓機自上方冲壓穿孔,得杯狀成形物的方法。這 時濟壓之下死點(1 〇 w e r d e a d ρ 〇 i n t )係調節爲試驗片底部 所殘留之部份可成爲1 0 m m =後方冲孔試驗係自高度較 低之試驗片依序進行加工,試驗至加工面發生傷痕爲止。 評估係以內面無傷痕之試驗片的杯內高度做爲良好冲孔深 度表示。 模型:S K D 11 冲壓機:HAP40,螺頭直徑2 1 . 2 lmm0 試驗片:S 4 5 C,球狀化退火材料 冲孔深度:16、 20、 24、 28、 32、 36、 40、44、48、52、56、6 0 m m ° 加工速度:3 0冲程/分鐘 將後方冲孔試驗示於圖1。 比較例7 本紙張尺度適用中®囷家標準(CNSMJ規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^—— —訂---------線 14 4 0 5 6 A7 ____B7____ 五、發明說明(18 ) 與實施例4〜1 0 —樣之試驗片,依表2所示條件對 後方冲孔試驗片施予化學形成處理及反應型皂潤滑劑處理 ,所得試驗片係與實施例4〜1 〇 —樣供予包登摩擦試驗 及後方冲孔試驗。 實施例1 8〜3 4 以表3所示比率調製潤滑劑組成物。即,依實施例4 〜1 0 —樣操作後,預先混合添加劑Β (二硫化鉬、石墨 、氮化硼、氟化石墨、硫化植物油、Μ 〇 D T C、 MoDTP、 ZnDTP或亞磷酸酯)與2重量%界面活 性劑(非離子系)與水,然後添加入。 薄膜處理,包登摩擦試驗及後方冲孔試驗係與實施例 4〜1 0 —樣進行。 將以上試驗結果示於表1〜表3 »由表1〜表3可知 ,使用本發明之金屬材料塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物之實施 例1〜3 4係以簡便之作業即可發揮極優之潤滑性。另一 方面,本發明之範圍以外,無法滿足構成條件的比較例1 〜6係無法同時滿足優異之潤滑性與簡便之作業性者。又 ,比較例7之磷酸鹽薄膜雖可示與本發明同等之潤滑性, 但步驟太多,無法用簡便之設備。 又,表1〜表3中使用之各成份係如下所示者° 酚樹脂:胺基化酚-酚醛淸漆使其水溶化者(分子量 500 〜6〇〇〇) 胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂:將分子量1 0 〇 〇之聚乙二醇與 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^.-------訂---------線. 本紙張尺度適用中a囤家標準(CNS)A4規樁(210 X 297公釐〉 -TT- rL - - K· tr .vr L· T.' I t 4 44 0 5 6 A7 ______B7___ 五、發明說明) 六亞甲基二異氰酸酯予以聚合加成者(分子量5 0 0 ◦〇 以上) 丙烯酸樹脂:分子量i 5萬以上之丙烯酸、甲基丙燦 酸酯、丙烯酸正丁酯之共聚物。使用界面活性劑:聚氧化 乙烯烷苯基醚 PVA :聚乙烯醇(分子量1 〇〇〇) PE蠟(聚乙烯乳膠蠟):乳化聚合乙烯以製造(分 子量 16000 〜20000) PTFE (聚四氟化乙烯蠟):住友3—M製 StCa分散液(硬脂酸鈣分散液):中京油脂製 棕櫚油乳膠:以聚氧化烯烷苯基醚分散棕櫚油 硫化植物油:日本油脂製 亞磷酸酯:堺化學製 添加劑2 (固體潤滑劑或耐特壓添加劑)係均以聚氧 化烯烷苯基醚分散。 又,各成份之重量%係表示成份本身之重量%。因此 例如水分散液係不包含使用之水或分散用之界面活性劑在 內者。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS>A·!規格(210 x 297公爱) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
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M 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNTS)A4規格(2】0 x 297公爱) -24- 4 44 0 5 6
At _Β7 五、發明說明Ρ ) 試驗結果 後方冲孔 良好沖孔 深度(mm) 寸 ^r 寸 〇〇 〇〇 〇〇 '«cr ΰ〇 寸 包登 膠著摩損 次數 OJ S CO »·〇 〇〇 寸 oj CO O〇 L〇 寸 CO Γ— CO 〇〇 ΓΟ OJ v-j CN s -' 〇1 寸 平均摩擦 係數 0.12 | 0.17 0.16 5 1—0.14 I 0,15 5 0.16 ,0.17 0.16 0.12 ο 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.08 薄腿 (g/m2) ot ―: 〇〇 1 i CN 〇〇 ,11.7 Γ-; C^i 〇 cK 〇 C-Ί CO ο --- 水溶性無 機鹽/合 成樹脂 3.00 1 6.00 3.00 7.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1 6.00 ,6.00 ! 6.00 — 一 — 一 ι— 4 — 添加劑2 重量% CO CM OJ eg ι-Η ι-Η i—H i—1 οα CM CM cxi 〇〇 CXI CM rH 1-H 成份 二硫化鉬i 石墨 Z CQ 氟化石墨 硫化油脂 Mo DTCl Mo DTP | LZnDTP」 ι二硫化鉬 二硫化鉬 二硫化鉬 石墨 二硫化鉬 氮化硼 亞磷酸酯 Mo DTC Z n D T P 添加劑1(滑劑) -1 重量% CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO CO 成份」 PE蠟 PE蠟」 P E蠟 P E蠟 PE蠟 | PE 蠟 I I PE蠟 1 1 P E蠟 丨P E蠟 p E蠟 PE蠟 P E蠟 P E蠟 PE蠟1 P E蠟 P E撤 P E蠟 合成樹脂 Μ _ 1-{ 1-―1 I-H 1—1 r-1 >~i rH 1-\ r-H CO CO CO CQ CO co 成份 酚樹脂 酚樹脂 P VA P VA P VA P VA P VA 丙烯酸樹脂 丙烯酸樹脂 1丙烯酸樹脂 丙烯酸樹脂 !胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂 i胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂 胺基甲酸乙酯校ifl旨 1胺基甲酸乙酯樹月旨1 胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂 胺蕋甲酸乙酯樹脂 水溶性無機鹽 重量% ty~i C^\ CN \〇 \D cn cn cn m 鎢酸鈉 鎢酸鈉| 鎢酸鈉 鎢酸鈉 鎢酸鈉 鎢酸鈉 鎢酸鈉 鉬酸鈉 @硼酸舺 釩酸鉀 硫酸鉀 四硼酸鈉 !四硼酸鈉 四硼酸鈉 $硼酸鈉 四硼酸鈉 四删酸鈉 〇〇 2 a Ρί CO W 闺匡 -25^ ri--------γ —— —訂---------線-V (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼iCNS)A4規格(210 x 297公餐)
89. 9. iS A7 B7 五、發明說明f3 ) 〔發明之效果〕 由以上說明可知,使用本發明之金屬材料塑性加工用 潤滑劑組成物時可用簡便之處理即可生成具有極優之潤滑 性的薄膜。又,無廢棄物,所以作業環境極佳。 〔圖面之簡單說明〕 第1圖表示使用本發明之塑性加工用潤滑劑組成物施 行後方冲孔試驗之槪要。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國困家標準<CNS)A4规格(210 X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. A8 B8 C8 D8
    補充 Hr 第88 1 095 56號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍修正本 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 有(A ) (A )( 合成樹脂 2 . 潤滑劑, 屬皂、蠟 3 . 性加工用 自硫酸鹽 4 . 潤滑劑* 聚乙烯吡 、胺基甲 5 滑劑,其 份(A ) %成份( 6 . 潤滑劑, 屬皂、蠟 一種金屬 合成樹脂 固體成份 爲溶解或 如申請專 其中含有 、聚四氟 如申請專 潤滑劑, 、硼酸鹽 如申請專 其中合成 咯烷酮、 酸乙酯樹 如申請專 中含有0 的胺基甲 B )之硼 如申請專 其中含有 、四氟化 材料之 ,(B 重量比 分散於 利範圍 1〜2 化乙烯 利範圍 其中水 、鉬酸 利範圍 樹脂爲 丙烯酸 脂及酚 利範圍 .3〜 酸乙酯 酸鹽, 利範圍 1〜2 乙烯及 塑性加工用 )水溶性無 )爲 0 2 其中者。 第1項之金 〇重量% 及油做爲滑 第1項或第 溶性無機鹽 鹽、釩酸鹽 第1項之金 一種或二種 樹脂、乙酸 系樹脂者。 第1項金屬 1 0 0 重 樹脂,及1 再含有滑劑 第5項之金 0重量% — 油做爲滑劑 民國8 潤滑劑 機鹽及5/1 屬材料 種或二 劑者。 2項之 爲一種 及鎢酸 屬材料 以上選 乙烯樹 材料之 量%固 .0〜 者。 屬材料 種或二 者。 9年9月修正 ,其特徵爲含 水、(B ) / 〜9 / 1,且 之塑性加工用 種以上選自金 金屬材料之塑 或二種以上選 鹽所成群。 之塑性加工用 自聚乙烯醇、 脂、環氧樹脂 塑性加工用潤 體成份做爲成 1 0 . 0重量 之塑性加工用 種以上選自金 ;----->丨| t請先¾讀背而之注意事項真填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度逋Λ中困國家搞率(CNS > A4洗格(2丨0X297公釐) 經濟部智惡財產局員工消費合作社印製 Λ ^ A A8 4 44 05 6 b* D8 六、申請專利範圍 7 ♦如申請專利範圍第1項之金屬材料之塑性加工用 潤滑劑’其中含有1〜2 0重量% —種或二種以上選自二 硫化鉬、石墨、氮化硼,雲母及氟化石墨做爲固體潤滑劑 者。 8 如申請專利範圍第1項之金屬材料之塑性加工用 潤滑劑,其中含有0.5〜5重量%—種或二種以上選自 硫系耐特壓添加劑、有機鉬系耐特壓添加劑、磷系耐特壓 添加劑及氯系耐特壓添加劑做爲耐特壓添加劑者。 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家梂率(CNS > A4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I)
    -2 -
TW088109556A 1998-06-09 1999-06-08 Lubricant for cold working of metallic material TW444056B (en)

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