TW404893B - A method for constructing a fluid jet print head, a printhead for ejecting fluid using a semiconductor substrate, and a multi-density level mask - Google Patents

A method for constructing a fluid jet print head, a printhead for ejecting fluid using a semiconductor substrate, and a multi-density level mask Download PDF

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Publication number
TW404893B
TW404893B TW087117510A TW87117510A TW404893B TW 404893 B TW404893 B TW 404893B TW 087117510 A TW087117510 A TW 087117510A TW 87117510 A TW87117510 A TW 87117510A TW 404893 B TW404893 B TW 404893B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
fluid
orifice
layer
slow
semiconductor substrate
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TW087117510A
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English (en)
Inventor
Chien-Hua Chen
Donald E Wenzel
Qin Liu
Naoto Kawamura
Richard W Seaver
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Hewlett Packard Co
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Publication of TW404893B publication Critical patent/TW404893B/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1637Manufacturing processes molding
    • B41J2/1639Manufacturing processes molding sacrificial molding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14032Structure of the pressure chamber
    • B41J2/1404Geometrical characteristics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14072Electrical connections, e.g. details on electrodes, connecting the chip to the outside...
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/1408Structure dealing with thermal variations, e.g. cooling device, thermal coefficients of materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14088Structure of heating means
    • B41J2/14112Resistive element
    • B41J2/14129Layer structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/1433Structure of nozzle plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1601Production of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/1603Production of bubble jet print heads of the front shooter type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/162Manufacturing of the nozzle plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626Manufacturing processes etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626Manufacturing processes etching
    • B41J2/1628Manufacturing processes etching dry etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626Manufacturing processes etching
    • B41J2/1629Manufacturing processes etching wet etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1631Manufacturing processes photolithography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/16Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1645Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by spincoating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14387Front shooter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14475Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads characterised by nozzle shapes or number of orifices per chamber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Description

A7 B7
;> 十 ')\ U -Ί. 消 A 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明背景 概略而言本發明係關於熱喷墨式列印。特別本發明係 關於1ί吏用直接成像技術製造包含環氧樹脂,聚醯亞胺或其 他負片作用光阻材料之精密聚合物孔口之裝置及方法。 熱喷墨式印表機典.型具有一印字頭安裝於—,卡 S係跨越經由印表機餵進的紙張或其他媒體寬度來回移動 。印字頭包括面對紙張之孔口(也稱作喷嘴)陣列。墨水( 或其他流體)填裝槽對孔口餵以來自貯槽墨水源之墨水。 個別施加至可定址能量散逸元件(如電阻器)之能量加熱孔 口内部墨水使墨水起泡,如此將墨水由孔口朝向紙張喷出 。業界人士了解其他移轉能量給墨水或流體之方法仍屬於 本發明之精趙、範圍及原理。因墨水被排出,氣泡塌陷, 來自貯槽之額外墨水填裝槽道,允許重複喷射墨水。 目前喷墨式印字頭之設計於製造上、工作壽命及導引 墨水至紙張之正確度上有問題。目前生產的印字頭包括經 由基材之墨水進給長槽,障壁介面(障壁介面導引至電阻 器及界定發射腔室容積。障壁介面材料為厚的感光材料層 疊至基材,經曝光、顯像及固化),及孔口板[孔口板為發 射腔室之出口路徑,其係由障壁介面界定β孔口板典型以 鎳(Νι)電成形然後塗布金(Au),鈀(Pd)或其他防蝕性貴金 屬。孔口板厚度及孔口直徑係控制成允許潑射時可重複射 出墨滴]。製造過程中,對正孔口板至帶有障壁介面材料 之基材要求特殊精密度及以特殊黏著劑黏接。若孔口板翹 曲或若黏合劑無法正確黏結孔口板至障壁介面則導致墨 本紙張尺度適用中)¾阀家樣毕(rNS ) Λί<規格(2Κ)χ297公漦) ". iT1-^ (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
V 404893 : 五、發明説明(2 ) 滴彈道之控制不佳及印字頭之產量或壽命降低。若印字頭 之對正不正確或孔口板有凹窩(平面不均勻),則墨水將偏 離正確彈道射出,列印成品之影像品質下降。因孔口板於 習知構造印字頭為分開配件,故防止製作過程中翹曲或捲 曲所需厚度要求孔口高度(相對於孔口板厚度)比熱效能所 需更高。通常單一孔口板係附接於含有許多印字頭之半導 體晶圓上之單一印字頭模塊。希望有一種方法可使孔口板 一次跨越完整半導體晶圓設置而提高生產力及確保孔口設 置之正確性。 噴射腔至内部墨水填裝孔口至孔口板外緣。如此孔口 之墨水高度增加造成的另一問題為需要更多能量來射出墨 水。此外高品質光學列印要求更高解析度因而要求更小墨 滴。因此需要可製造更多的孔口板。此外,隨著各墨滴射 出之墨水量變小,於印字頭需要更多孔口來於印字頭以固 定列印速度一次通過列印媒體時產生預定圊樣。為了防止 印子頭因孔口數目增加,過熱,每孔口使用的能量數量須 減低。 此外過去印字頭的壽命足夠◊印字頭為拋棄式筆之部 件,s亥筆係於墨水供給源耗完後更換。但使用者對品質的 期待需要有低成本、長工作壽命之印字頭且有多年之永久 性,本發明有助於滿足此種期待。 卜 發明概述 敘述一種於半導體基材產生成形孔口之方法及採用成 形孔口之裝置。第一層材料施加於半導體基材,然後第二 i紙张尺度@iii巾關料牌(ΓνΤ7λ4^& ( 2]〇x A7 B7 404893 五、發明説明(3 ) ~ 層材料施加於第一層材料上。然後孔口影像轉印至第一層 材料,流體孔影像轉印至第二層材料。第二層材料之孔口 影像1所在部分隨後連同第一層材料之流體孔所在部分一起 顯像而界定一孔口於基材。 孔口腔室容積係由孔口影像形狀及第二層材料厚度界 定。流體孔腔室容積係由流體孔影像形狀及第一層材料厚 度界定。 圖式之簡單說明 第1A圖示例說明較佳具體例之單一孔口之頂視圖。 第1B圖為孔口之等角橫剖面圖示例說明基本結構。 第2A至2H圖示例說明本具體例產生原位孔口之製程 步驟。切除視圖為第1A圖之AA透視圖。 第3 A圖為印字頭之頂視圖顯示多個孔口。 第3B圖為第3 A圖所示印字頭之底視圖。 第4圖顯示利用印字頭之列印卡匣,其可採用本發明 之印字頭。 第5圖顯示使用具有印字頭之列印卡匣之印表機機構 ’其可採用本發明之印字頭。 第6 A圖示例說明用以形成本發明之替代具體例之光 罩圖樣。 第6B圖示例說明可使用本發明之較倖具體例之光罩 圖樣。 第7A圖示例說明本發明之較佳具體例之頂視圖。 第7B圖示例說明本發明之較佳具體例之側視圖,顯 本紙张尺度@;种®哪料{"(’NS ) Μ现格(2丨〇><297公梦) —Μ— - i^i nn i - - I ϋ 1—I (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 金04893 —___________________五、發明説明(4 ) 示用於界定再進入孔口之關聯尺寸。 第8圖為線圖表示基於較佳具體例之再進入孔口之高 度比。填裝時間與過射之設計折衷。 第9A至9G圖示例說明形成原位孔口之單層版本之製 程步驟》 第10A至10G圖示例說明形成用於本發明之較佳具體 例之多密度階光罩之製程之結果。 較佳及替代具體例之細節說明 本發明係關於新穎聚合物孔口製法其產生可光成像層 於基材上之多層材料夾置物,且無需鎳孔口板或障壁介面 材料。各可光成像層對特定能量密度具有不同交聯速率。 此外’本發明涵蓋使用可光成像層之設計凹凸部,該層產 生頂蓋形再進入(導引向内)側錄(profile)孔口。頂蓋孔口 可藉改變製程參數修整而最配合墨滴喷射特性。頂蓋設計 凹凸部於直壁或線性推拔架構提供若干優點。頂蓋形再進 入孔口腔室其喷射流體滴,易由流體孔腔室及孔口腔室界 定《各腔室之面積及形狀如看進孔口内部檢視,係使用有 圖樣之光罩或光罩集合界定。光罩允許基於孔口層厚度或 高度控制入口直徑、出口直徑及喷射腔室容積。孔口腔室 高度及流體孔腔室高度分別控制而允許最佳製程穩定性及 設計彈性。藉由控制孔口腔室及流體孔腔室之形狀、面積 及高度,設計者可控制墨滴大小、墨滴形狀及阻尼回吹影 響(喷射墨水之氣泡部分係於墨滴射出方向之反向脹大), 及再填充速度至某種程度(墨水填裝整個頂蓋孔口結構所 A7 (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· V11 脉
• I I II
lit— ^HJ 本紙张尺度诚jfl中闯闽象標中.((’NS ) Λ4規格(2丨0X29*7公赞) 404893 A7 ------一__ B7 五、發明説明(S ) 一"~ * 需時間)此外頂蓋凹凸部允許流體進給長槽其輸送流體 至孔口可設置成進一步遠離能量散逸元件,該元件係用於 喷射抓體而減少氣泡進入流體供給路握之機率,如此產生 阻斷。 直接成像聚合物孔口,常包含二或多層負片作用光阻 材料具有略微不同之溶解速率。溶解速率係基於各層之具 有不同分子量、物理組成或光學密度之不同材料。使用二 層之範例方法中’需要5⑼毫焦/平方厘米電子能強度用於 交聯之緩慢光阻施用於基材。流體噴射式印字頭中,此 基材包含半導體材料,其具有一堆薄膜層係施用於其表面 僅需100毫焦/平方厘米電子能強度用於交聯之,,快速,,光 阻係施用於慢光阻層上。固化後基材光阻層透過光罩暴露 於至少500毫焦/平方厘米之極高強度而界定流體孔腔室。 強度夠高而可交聯頂層及底層。然後基材光阻層透過具有 低密度電子能1〇〇毫焦/平方厘米之另一光罩曝光而界定孔 口腔室。要緊地,第二次曝光強度須夠低,故位於孔口開 口下方之緩慢光阻之底孔口層未被交聯。 聚合物材料為1C業界眾所周知可於薄膜凹凸部上平面 化。實驗資料顯示孔口板凹凸部變化可徹底維持於i微米 範圍内。此種特點對於提供一致液體彈道而言相當重要。 此外存在有多種具有負片作用光阻性(質之不同聚合物 料。聚合物料範例有聚醯亞胺,環氧樹脂,聚苯并哼唑類 ,苯并環丁烯及溶膠凝膠類《業界人士了解存在有其他負 片作用光阻聚合物料且仍屬本發明之精髓及範圍。藉由添 氺紙張尺度適用中國囤家標肀(CNS ) Λ4现格(2丨0X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) —裝.
:、1T 404893 ΑΊ Β7 五、發明説明(6 ) 加光染料(如橙色3號約2%重量比)至透明聚合物料,可由 不含染料或含小量染料之快速光阻變成緩慢光阻。另一具 體例係以薄層染料塗布一層聚合物料。替代方法係製造慢 光阻包含混合具有不同分子量,不同波長吸收特性,不同 顯影速率之聚合物及使用顏料。業界人士了解存在有其他 * 方法可減慢聚合物之感光度且仍屬本發明之精髓及範圍。 第1A圖示例說明使用本發明之較佳具體例之單一孔 口(也稱作喷嘴或孔)之頂視圖。頂孔口層34包含快速交聯 聚合物如可光成像環氧樹脂(如IBM開發的SU8)或可光成 像聚合物(如業界熟知之OCG)。頂孔口層34用於界定孔口 42之開口形狀與高度。遮掩於孔口層内部者為流體進給長 槽30及流體孔43。流體如墨水經由流體進給長槽30流經流 體孔43且被能量散逸元件32加熱形成流艎蒸氣氣泡,其被 迫由孔口 42射出其餘流體。視線AA顯示後文各圖剖面圖 之觀察方向。 第1B圖為第1A圖所示全積體熱(FIT)流體喷射印字頭 之單一孔口之等角剖面圖。底孔口層35施用於一疊薄膜層 50頂上,薄膜層已經經由各層加工並合併於半導體基材20 表面上。孔口例如直徑16微米之孔口42,長42微米之流體 孔43,寬20微米之流體孔43,厚6微米之頂孔口層34及厚6 微米之底孔口層35。半導體基材係於已經丨施加薄膜層50堆 疊後蝕刻獲得流體進給槽44,及供給流體給流體進給長槽 30(圖中未顯示)。流體進給長槽3〇係界定於薄膜層50之堆 查内。 本紙張尺度適川中國囤家標卒((:NS ) Λ4規格(210X297公釐) (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) $. J-se 404893 五、發明説明(7 ) (#先閱讀背而之注意事項再填寫本頁) 第2A至2H圖示例說明用於本發明之替代具體例之多 種製程步驟。第2A圖示例說明已經加工處理而合併薄膜 層50堆疊之半導體基材20,其包括能量散逸元件32。薄膜 層50堆疊已經經過處理使流體進給長槽3〇延伸貫穿其整個 厚度。 * 第2B圖示例說明半導體基材20,包含緩慢交聯聚合 物之底孔口層35已經施用於薄膜層50堆疊頂上。緩慢交聯 聚合物係使用習知旋塗士具如Karl Suss KG製造之工具施 用。旋塗工具關聯的旋塗法可形成平坦面,原因在於緩慢 交聯聚合物35填補流體進給長槽30及薄膜層50堆疊表面。 旋塗方法之一例係使用旋塗工具設定為7〇 rpm,加速1 〇〇 rpm/秒及展開時間20秒而將一層光阻展開於半導體晶圓上 。然後晶圓以100 rpm/秒減速及休息1〇秒而由旋轉中停止 。晶圓係以加速速率3 00 rpm/秒歷30秒而以1060 rpm旋轉 而使光阻展開於整個晶圓面上。替代之聚合物施用法包括 輥塗,簾塗,擠壓塗布,喷塗及浸塗。業界人士了解其他 方法可施用聚合物層於基材且仍屬本發明之精髓及範圍。 緩慢交聯聚合物係經由將光染料(如燈色3號約2%重量比) 混合入可光成像聚醯亞胺或可光成像環氧樹脂透明聚合物 料製造。藉由添加染料,所需電磁能量大於不含染料之混 合材料交聯該材料所需電磁能。 i 第2C圖示例說明施用包含快速交聯聚合物之頂孔口 層34於底孔口 35之結果。 第2D圖示例說明電磁輻射施加於頂孔口層34及底孔 本紙张尺度適州中國國家標率((、NS ) Λ4規格(2丨〇X 297公釐) 404893 : 五、發明説明(8 ) 口 35之強力強度。電磁輻射供給之能必須可充分㈣頂孔 口層34及暴露出之底孔口層35(於第2D圖亦即则顯示為 區)。範例具體例中,&步驟係使用SVG Micraiign 工具設定於300毫焦,焦點偏位+9微米進行。此步驟界定 流體孔43於孔口之形狀及面積。 氟 第2E圖示例說明製程之次一步驟,其中電磁能12之 較低強度施用於頂孔口層3 4及底孔口層3 5。此步称所耗總 月&量(藉由限制暴露強度或時間或二者的組合)僅足夠交聯 頂孔口層34之快速交聯聚合物。範例具體例中此步驟係使 用SVG Micralign工具設定於6〇 3毫焦,焦距偏移+3微米 進行。此步驟可界定孔口開口 42之形狀及面積。 第2F圖示例說明較佳具體例之曝光過程。替代使用 二光罩’一者如第2D圖界定流體孔及一者如第2E圖界定 孔口開口 42,本例僅使用單一光罩。此種方法於使用二個 別光罩時可減少可能的對正錯誤。此光罩包含每孔口開口 (參考第6A及6B圖)形成多密度階光罩之三個分開密度區 。一區主要對電磁能非不透明。第二區對電磁能不透明。 第三區完全對電磁能不透明。 第一區可使電磁能11之強強度通過光罩而完全交聯及 界定其中不含可光成像材料待被去除的孔口層。頂孔口層 34及底孔口層35經交聯而防止於顯像時被、去除。第二區設 計為僅允許較低強度電磁能12貫穿而交聯頂孔口層34,同 時留下第二區下方之底孔口層35之材料未交聯。第三區( 全然不透明)係用於界定孔口開口 42之形狀及面積。因不 本紙張尺度適州中囤啤家標牟(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X 297公釐) _ A7 ____ 五、發明説明(9 ) 允許電磁能通過第三區,故光罩之不透明第三區下方之交 聯聚合物不會曝光,因此於稍後顯像時將被去除。 第2G圖示例說明顯影製程步驟,此處於頂孔口層34 及底孔口層35之材料包括流體進給長槽30之材料被去除。 範例製程係使用7110 Solitec顯影工具於NMP@ 1 krpm顯影 70秒’及於IPA&NMP@1 krpm混合物顯影8秒,以IPA@1 krpm清洗10秒及以2krpm離心60秒。 第2H圖示例說明於氫氧化四甲基銨(tmaH)背側蝕刻 法(參考U. Schnakenburg, W_ Benecke及P Lange,石夕微機制 之TMAHW蝕刻劑,第六屆國際固態感測器及作動器之技 術文摘(Tranducers,91),美國加州舊金山^“年6月24-28 曰815-818頁)進行後之結果,形成流體進給槽44其開口於 流體進給長槽30而允許流體進入流體孔腔室43及最终射出 孔口開口42之外。 第3 A圖表示印字頭60之範例,其包含於頂孔口層34 及底孔口層35之多個孔口開口 42。孔口層施用於薄膜層50 之堆疊上,該堆疊已經加工於半導體基材2〇上方。 第3B示例說明印字頭60之反側而顯示流體進給槽44 及流體進給長槽30。 第4示例說明使用印字頭60之列印卡匣ι〇〇之範例具體 例。此種列印卡匣類似惠普公司出售之HP51626A。印字 頭60黏合於軟性電路106,其耦合來自電接點1〇2之控制信 號至印字頭60。流體容納於流體貯槽104其包含流體輸送 總成’含有海綿108及豎管(圖中未顯示)。流體存放於海 本紙张尺廋洎州中國四家標肀(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X297公f ) ------;---d------訂------Μ (誚先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 12 404893 B7五、發明説明(10) 綿108及經豎管輸送至印字頭60 » 第5圖示例說明液體喷射記錄裝置2〇〇之範例,其類似 惠普1公司喷墨式印表機340(C 2655A)但使用第4圖之列印 卡匣100。媒體230(例如紙張)由媒體盤21 〇取出並順著其 長度方向利用機械進給律i構260輸送通過列印卡昆1 列 印卡匣100係沿載具總成上之媒體230之寬度方向輸送。媒 體進給機構260及載具總成240共同形成輸送媒體230之輸 送總成。當媒體230已經記錄後則射出至媒體輸出盤22〇。 第6A圖示例說明單一多密度階光罩14〇 ;其係用於本 發明之替代具體例形成孔口開口 42。不透明區142用於界 定孔口開口 42之形狀及面積》部分不透明區144用於界定 流體孔之形狀及面積。非不透明區146大致對電磁能透明 ,光罩之此區界定頂孔口層34及底孔口層35其將交聯而於 顯影時不會被去除。不透明區142之形狀匹配部分透明區 144之幾何形狀而可獲得最佳顯影過程。 第6B圖示例說明單一多密度階15〇之較佳具體例,其 中透明區152之幾何形狀係與部分透明區154之幾何形狀不 同。本技術因直接成像方法故允許分開界定流體孔形狀及 孔口開口形狀。本技術允許最佳設計流體孔而允許快速再 填裝速率,氣泡回吹百分比及印字頭上多數孔口之最高密 度。當流體滴由孔口射出時,墨滴具有主丨體形狀及拖尾, 其組合構成墨滴容積。直接成像法可使孔口開口 42獲得最 佳設計而提供流體之適當射出容積,射出流體之尾設計及 存在於孔口之流體形狀,故允許流體於飛行至媒體之飛行 I I HI .HI I — I I I I —訂 I I I n I 』 (請先閱讀背而之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺廋適州屮因國家標枣((’NS )八4規格(21〇>< 297公楚) sJ04893___B7 五、發明説明(ίΐ) ' 路徑上最少崩潰。非不透明區丨56主要可透過電磁能,此 區光罩界定頂孔口層34及底孔口層35其將被交聯而於顯影 時不(會被去除之該區域。本具體例中,範例光罩具有對非 不透明區156之透射率大致loo%,對部分不透明區154之 透射率大致20%及對不透明區152之透射率大致〇〇/0。 癱 流體進給長槽30可有不同形狀,因此可設置成更為遠 離能量散逸元件3 2而減少氣泡回吹時被吞下的可能,如此 限制空氣經由孔口注入。 此外由於可控制底孔口層35及上孔口層34之厚度,故 可控制流體孔及孔口開口之個別形狀而可完成孔口架構之 一般設計。 第7A圖示例說明較佳孔口架構之頂視圖。孔口開口 174為圓形,流體孔172為矩形。第7B圖示例說明通過第7A 圖之BB透視圖之孔口側視圖。頂孔口層ι68具有頂孔口高 度162,其連同孔口開口 174之面積決定孔口腔室176之容 積。底孔口層170具有底孔口高度164,其連同流體孔172 之面積決定流體孔腔室180之容積。總孔口高度166為頂孔 口高度162與底孔口高度164之和。底孔口高度164對頂孔 口高度162之比可定義關鍵參數亦即高度比,其中: 孔口高度=底孔口高度/頂孔口高度 高度比可控制射出墨滴之過射容積、過射容積係與墨 滴之拖尾長度有關,及控制再填裝時間,此乃流體射出後 孔口再填裝流體所需時間。 第8圖為線圖示例說明範例孔口直徑16微米及流體孔 本紙张尺度適州中國E1家標% ( CNS ) Λ4%# ( 210X297^ ) ~~Λ~' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· -了 . -δ
i A .十少if枣¾於合 ^τ·ί,.ι1,!,',·ί' •^04893 A7 ..______B7 五、發明説明(12) 長度42微米及寬度20微米之高度比相對於再填裝時間及高 度比相對於過射容積之影響。使用此線圖可使印字頭設計 者選1 擇適合預定射出墨滴形狀之層厚度。 第9A至9E圖示例說明本發明之替代具體例之步驟, 其使用緩慢交聯聚合物料之低度曝光及過度曝光電磁能作 Λ 為形成各層之方法。 第9 Α圖示例說明加工後之半導體基材2〇其上施加一 堆薄膜層50 ’基材含有能量散逸元件32及流體進給長槽3〇 〇 第9B圖示例說明於薄膜層5 〇堆叠上之一層緩慢交聯 材料34層之施用及流體進給長槽3〇之填裝。 第9C圖示例說明緩慢交聯聚合物34層以低劑量電磁 能12曝光而界定孔口開口。曝光劑量恰足夠使緩慢交聯聚 合物層曝光不足而交聯至預定深度。範例曝光劑量為6〇 3 毫焦。 第9D圖示例說明緩慢交聯聚合物34層以高劑量曝光 而足夠過度曝光及交聯全部緩慢交聯聚合物34層,但流體 孔腔室除外。範例曝光為300毫焦。 第9E圖示例說明第9C及9D圖使用之替代製程步驟, 使用具有多密度階之單一光罩允許不同劑量電磁能曝光於 緩慢交聯聚合物34層。此種技術提供孔口(開口 42與流體孔 腔室43之精密對正同時又減少製程步驟數目。 第9F圖示例說明顯影過程,其中非交聯材料由流體 孔腔室及孔口腔室去除。孔口腔室由於緩慢交聯聚合物34 本紙张尺度適川中阄囤家標率((、NS ) Λ4规格(210X297公楚) I n - n n n I (請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、_l〇4893 B7_ 五、發明説明(13) ~ 層深度之材料較少交聯,故略微有重入推拔,原因在於染 料或其他混合的材料於電磁能滲透時衰減電磁能之故。 1第9G圖示例說明於背側tmah蝕刻過程形成流體進給 槽44其開口於流體進給長槽30之結果。 第10A至1OE圖示例說明用於生產多密度階光罩之製 * 程步驟結果,該光罩用於單一光罩製法而製造孔口層之孔 隙。 第10A圖示例說明石英基材200,該基材對用於曝光 形成孔口層之可光成像聚合物使用的電磁能為透明。石英 基材200須具有適當光學品質。 第10B圖示例說明有一層半透明介電材料21〇施加於 其上之石英基材200。此種材料之例為氡化亞鐵(pe〇2)。 半透明介電材料210層上施加一層不透明材料220,例如鉻 。氧化亞鐵及鉻可使用習知e-束蒸發器沉積。一層負片作 用光阻層施用於不透明材料220層上,暴露於電磁能及顯 影留下光阻區230,其界定流體孔腔室之形狀及尺寸。 第10C圖示例說明已經經過習知方式蝕刻後之石英基 材200之結果。當不透明材料220包含鉻時,範例蝕刻法為 標準KTI鉻蝕刻浴》石英基材200接受另一次習知蝕刻過 程而去除形成半透明層212之半透明介電材料210 »當氧化 亞鐵用於半透明介電材料210時,钱刻方味之例為使用sf6 或〇?4電漿之電漿蝕刻。然後去除其餘光阻230。 第10D圖中另一層光阻施加於石英基材2〇〇,曝光而 界定孔口開口形狀及面積,然後顯影而形成孔口圖樣240 本紙张尺度適扣中國國家樣專(('NS ) Μ規格(210X297公f ) I I I - ,,— 辦衣 I I I I —訂 I I I (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^-,,1部十次掠"^只-"消贽合竹^'.w 404893_ B7__ 五、發明説明(14) 〇 第10E圖示例說明石英基材200於蝕刻加工去除不透 明層匕22後之結果,此處孔口圖樣240未設置因而形成不透 明層之孔口開口圖樣224。對於不透明材料為鉻,蝕刻方 法例為濕式化學蝕刻,故半透明介電層212於蝕刻過程未 受攻擊。 直接成像聚合物孔口方法簡單、價廉且使用現有設備 及可與目前熱流體喷墨技術相容。提供設計上的彈性與緊 密孔口尺寸控制俾允許獨立控制孔口及流體孔幾何形狀。 多密度階光罩設計可使用單次曝光而獲得孔口與流體孔之 特有對正因而改良產率及一致性。 雖然顯示不同的重入孔口形狀,但使用前述技術也可 獲得其他重入形狀且屬於本發明之精髓及範圍。 本發明可解決清晰照相製版印刷要求的更精密解析度 ,更緊密控制流體喷墨方向及更小的液滴容積的需求。此 外本發明可簡化印字頭的製造,降低生產成本,獲得高容 積操作速率及提高印字頭的產品品質、可信度及一致性。 本發明之較佳具體例及其替代例驗證可產生獨特孔口形狀 而解決有關印字頭喷出之流體性質不同的其他問題或利用 此專不同性質。 C韵先閱讀背面之注^^項再填寫本頁} 裝· 404893_B7 五、發明説明(15) 元件標號對照 bo 半導體基材 30 流體進給長槽 32 能量散逸元件 34 頂孔口層 35 底孔口層 42 孔口 43 流體孔 44 流體進給槽 60 印字頭 100 列印卡匣 102 電接點 106 軟性電路 108 海綿 140 多密度階光罩 142 不透明區 144 部分不透明區 146 非不透明區 150 多密度階光罩 152 不透明區 154 部分不透明區 156 非不透明區 162 頂孔口高度 164 底孔口南度 168 頂孔口層 170 底孔口層 172 流體孔 174 孔口開口 176 孔口腔室 180 流體孔腔室 200 液體喷射記錄裝置 210 媒體盤 230 媒體 240 載具總成 260 媒體進給機構 200 石英基材 210 半透明介電材料 212 半透明介電層 220 不透叼材料 222 不透明層 224 不透明層孔口開口圖樣 230 光阻區 240 孔口圖樣 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適州中國®家標肀((’NS ) Λ4规格(210X297公f ) 18

Claims (1)

  1. A8 B8 C8 D8 經濟部中央標準局男工消費合作社印製 申請專利範圍 ι· 一種製造流體喷射印字頭之方法,該印字頭具有一半 導體流體(20)其具有第一面及第二面且有複數流體進 給長槽(30)延伸貫穿半導體基材(2〇)並耦合至第二面上 之複數流體進給槽(44),該方法包含下列步驟: 施加一層緩慢交聯材料(34)層於半導體基材(2〇)之 第一面上; 轉印孔口影像(42)及流體孔影像(43)至該被施用的 緩慢交聯材料(34)層上;及 顯影緩慢交聯材料(34)層之該等部分,以及被轉 印之孔口影像(42)所在位置而定位個別孔口開口及被 轉印之流體孔影像(43)所在位置而定位個別流體孔開 α 〇 2. 如申請專利範圍策丄項之方法,其中施用緩慢交聯材料 (34)之步驟進一步包含由可光成像聚合物及光學染料 分立層’可光成像聚合物與光學染料混合物,及可光 成像聚合物組成之組中選擇緩慢交聯材料(34)之步驟 〇 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中施用緩慢交聯材料 (34)之步驟進一步包含由可光成像環氧樹脂及光學染 料分立層,可光成像環氧樹脂與光學染料混合物,及 可光成像環氧樹脂組成之組中選擇緩慢交聯材料(34) 之步驟。 4. 如申請專利範圍第丄項之方法,其中施用緩慢交聯材料 (34)之步驟進一步包含使用8至34微米厚度之緩慢交聯 I I I I I I I 裝— n ^ n n n I I— I'w (讀先聞讀背面之注f項再填寫本頁) 19 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A8404893 1 D8六、申請專利範圍 材料(34)使用層之步驟。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該轉印孔口影像(42) 及流體孔影像(43)之步驟進一步包含透過多密度階光 罩使用電磁能曝光缓慢交聯材料(34)。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該轉印孔口影像(42) 及流體孔影像(43)之步^進一步包含: 曝光緩慢交聯材料(34)至附有圖樣的高劑量附有 圖樣電磁能,及 曝光緩慢交聯材料(34)至附有圖樣的低劑量附有 圖樣電磁能。 7. —種使用半導體基材喷射流體之印字頭,其包含: 一半導體基材(20)具有第一面及第二面; 一堆疊薄膜層(50)固定於半導體基材(20)之第一面 ,該堆疊薄膜層(50)進一步包含一能量散逸元件(32), 及該堆疊薄膜層(50)界定流體進給長槽(30); 一層緩慢交聯材料(34)層具有孔口(42)界定於其中 ,緩慢交聯材料(34)係施用於薄膜層(50)堆疊上,孔口 (42)係位於能量散逸元件(32)上方,及該層緩慢交聯材 料(34)具有流體孔(43)界定於其中,流體孔(43)係定位 於流體進給長槽(30)上方;及 一流體進給槽(44)係界定於半導體基材(20)之第二 面上且開口入流體進給長槽(30)。 8. —種多密度階光罩,其包含: 一透明石英基材(200); (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公嫠) -20 - 4〇4893 A8 B8 C8 D8 請專利範圍 9 —層附有圖樣的半透明介電材料(212)施用於透明 石英基材(200)上;及 —層附有圖樣的不透明材料(224)施用於附有圖樣 之半透明介電材料(212)上。 如申請專利範圍第8項之多密度階光罩,其中該層附有 圖樣的半透明介電材料^ 12)係對365至436毫微米之光 波長範圍為半透明。 1〇.如申請專利範圍第8項之多密度階光罩,其中該層附有 圖樣的半透明介電材料(212)為氧化亞鐵(Fe02)。 I-I-I ----<--訂 V * (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 準 標 家 國 國 中 用 適 度 -尺 I張 ,紙 本
TW087117510A 1998-03-02 1998-10-22 A method for constructing a fluid jet print head, a printhead for ejecting fluid using a semiconductor substrate, and a multi-density level mask TW404893B (en)

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US20020145644A1 (en) 2002-10-10
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CN1227790A (zh) 1999-09-08
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EP1595703A2 (en) 2005-11-16
CN1142856C (zh) 2004-03-24
EP0940257B1 (en) 2005-12-21
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US6162589A (en) 2000-12-19
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RU2221701C2 (ru) 2004-01-20
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KR100563356B1 (ko) 2006-03-22
KR19990077489A (ko) 1999-10-25

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