TW202027994A - 人工皮革基材、其製造方法及絨毛狀人工皮革 - Google Patents
人工皮革基材、其製造方法及絨毛狀人工皮革 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202027994A TW202027994A TW108129415A TW108129415A TW202027994A TW 202027994 A TW202027994 A TW 202027994A TW 108129415 A TW108129415 A TW 108129415A TW 108129415 A TW108129415 A TW 108129415A TW 202027994 A TW202027994 A TW 202027994A
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06N3/004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using flocked webs or pile fabrics upon which a resin is applied; Teasing, raising web before resin application
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Abstract
一種人工皮革基材,其包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布、及被賦予至不織布的內部之高分子彈性體,而前述纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮纖維且為0.6dtex以上之長纖維,纖維(B)係小於0.6dtex的極細纖維。
Description
本發明關於伸縮性(stretchability)優異之人工皮革基材及絨毛狀人工皮革。
以往,已知將在不織布之內部賦予有高分子彈性體的人工皮革基材之表面起絨處理成麂皮狀或磨砂革(nubuck)狀之絨毛狀人工皮革、或在人工皮革基材之表面積層有聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂層之全粒面人工皮革。這樣的人工皮革,係廣泛使用作為衣料、鞋子、家具、汽車椅座、雜貨製品等之材料。作為這樣的人工皮革,近年來從衣料用途中的穿著感、材料用途中的成形加工性以及縫製的容易性或裁縫等之觀點來看,要求伸縮性,即藉由拉伸而伸長之性質優異的人工皮革。
下述專利文獻1揭示一種全粒面人工皮革,其係包含由平均單纖維直徑為0.1~10μm的極細纖維及經多孔化的彈性聚合物所構成之基材層、與形成在基材層的至少單面上之樹脂層的全粒面人工皮革,其中基材層具有由極細纖維所成之纖維束互相纏結之構造,於基材層接觸樹脂層之側的面的垂直於厚度方向之剖面中,基材的極細纖維具有捲縮。而且,專利文獻1揭示這樣的全粒面人工皮革係保持為高剝離強力與伸縮性之指標的高伸長率與高伸長回復率。
又,下述專利文獻2揭示一種伸縮性優異之人工皮革,其係以包含單纖維纖度1.1dtex以下的極細纖維之纖維交纏體與高分子彈性體所構成且表面經起絨之人工皮革,其中極細纖維係具有0.05~0.40(dl/g)的固有黏度差之2種類的聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯被互相並列型地複合成之潛在捲縮展現性聚酯複合纖維。
另外,下述專利文獻3揭示一種伸縮性優異之片狀物,其特徵為由包含下述紗之編織物與平均單纖維纖度為0.001dtex以上0.5dtex以下之極細纖維構成,且含有自乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯而成,而該紗係包含由具有固有黏度(IV)差之2種類以上的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系聚合物所形成之並列型或偏心芯鞘型的複合纖維而成者。
還有,下述專利文獻4揭示一種伸縮性優異之片狀物,係具有伸縮性的人工皮革,其於以JIS L 1096(1999)8.14.1 A法中記載之方法所測定之縱向的強力伸度曲線中,(1)伸度5%的強力F5%
為0.1~10N/2.5cm,(2)於伸度20%的強力F20%
與上述F5%
之關係中,F20%
/F5%
為5以上。
又,下述專利文獻5雖然不是關於人工皮革之技術,但是揭示一種複層不織布,於由纖維末端存在的短纖維構成之短纖維層與以纖維末端幾乎不存在的長絲纖維為主成分之長絲纖維主成分層經交纏一體化而成之複層不織布中,短纖維的纖維末端係具有下述纖維末端:為短纖維互相交纏的狀態之交纏纖維末端、浸透且交纏於長絲纖維主成分層之交纏纖維末端、及貫穿長絲纖維主成分層而為從長絲纖維主成分層之面露出的狀態之露出纖維末端。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
專利文獻1:日本特開2018-003181號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2003-286663號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2009-7730號公報
專利文獻4:日本特開2013-194327號公報
專利文獻5:日本特開2017-193794號公報
[發明欲解決之課題]
以往,有提案伸縮性優異之人工皮革。但是難以均衡地保持高的伸縮性、高的機械特性與起絨時的絨毛感。
本發明之課題在於提供用以得到均衡地具備高的伸縮性、高的機械特性與起絨時的絨毛感之人工皮革的人工皮革基材、其製造方法以及使用該人工皮革基材所得之絨毛狀人工皮革。
[用以解決課題之手段]
本發明之一局面係一種人工皮革基材,其包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布及被賦予至不織布的內部之高分子彈性體,而纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮纖維,且為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維,纖維(B)係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維。還有,以下平均纖度亦僅稱為纖度。
為由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),係展現強的捲曲(crimp)。由這樣的捲縮纖維所形成之不織布係變蓬鬆。又,具有強的捲曲之捲縮纖維係使人工皮革基材展現優異的伸縮性。另外,長纖維的纖維(A)係難以脫散,不易使伸縮性降低。
還有,使用僅由捲縮纖維所形成之不織布時,難以得到能兼顧機械特性與優異的伸縮性之人工皮革基材。例如,只有纖維(A)的不織布,若其纖維的纏結度過高,則機械特性變高,但是伸縮性降低,若纏結度過低,則伸縮性變高,但機械特性降低。如此地使用僅由捲縮纖維所形成之不織布時,得不到能兼備了高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之人工皮革基材。
另一方面,如上述,如藉由使為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B)、與為捲縮纖維且為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維的捲縮纖維之纖維(A)纏結而形成的不織布,則可得到兼備了高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之人工皮革基材。藉由使用為具有強的捲曲的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),而因該捲曲而纖維(A)與纖維(B)變得容易纏結。其結果,會實現兼備了高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之人工皮革基材。又,為極細纖維之纖維(B),係藉由使人工皮革基材之表面的纖維成為緻密,而賦予優異的絨毛外觀。再者,於使為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)與為極細纖維之纖維(B)纏結而成的不織布中,纖維(B)亦具有將為在重複伸長時逐漸地紗會伸展到極限而容易變得難以返回的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),停留在一定的伸展範圍之作用。
從保持高的伸縮性之點來看,纖維(A)係平均彎曲率較佳為10%以上,進一步較佳為15%以上。特佳為纖維(A)之平均彎曲率為15%以上,且纖維(B)之平均彎曲率小於15%。
又,從梳理機通過性優異之點來看,纖維(B)較佳為平均纖維長度小於100mm的短纖維。
另外,從容易得到平均彎曲率高的捲縮纖維之點來看,纖維(A)較佳為2種樹脂的固有黏度之差為0.05(dl/g)以上之並列型纖維或偏芯芯鞘型纖維。
還有,就形成纖維(A)之2種樹脂而言,較佳為聚酯。
又,從得到高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之平衡更優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,纖維(A)與纖維(B)之摻合比例((A)/(B))較佳為10/90~90/10。
另外,從得到具有高的伸縮性之人工皮革基材之點來看,較佳為附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之時的平均伸長率係10%以上。
還有,於使包含捲縮纖維的不織布含有了高分子彈性體之伸縮性優異的人工皮革中,有所謂在重複伸長時逐漸地紗會伸展到極限而變難以返回之問題。即,使用了包含捲縮纖維的不織布之人工皮革,係難以使進行重複伸長之後的高的伸縮性持續。又,例如專利文獻1中所示,於使不織布中含有了大量的多孔化彈性聚合物時,可藉由彈性聚合物的回復力,而即使在重複進行了伸長之後,也使高的伸縮性持續。然而,基於可削減溶劑使用量而使不織布含有了大量的水系聚胺基甲酸酯時,會變硬如橡膠,有伸縮性降低之傾向。
人工皮革基材,係特佳為高分子彈性體為水系聚胺基甲酸酯,水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%,厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2
。這樣的人工皮革基材,係即使重複伸長後也不易使伸縮性降低。
可藉由水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%,而不使人工皮革基材變硬如橡膠,適度地拘束纖維而保持伸縮性。而且,使纖維(A)與纖維(B)充分地纏結,而將厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積調整至300~1000μm2
,使每一個的空隙成為適度的大小,藉此可得到即使在重複伸長後,也具備一定以上的伸長率與伸長回復率之伸縮性優異的人工皮革基材。
又,本發明之另一局面係一種絨毛狀人工皮革,其包含上述任一之人工皮革基材,該基材之一面被起絨處理。這樣的絨毛狀人工皮革係伸縮性與機械特性之平衡優異,且可具有擁有緻密的絨毛之絨毛面。
另外,本發明之其它一局面係一種人工皮革基材之製造方法,其係上述人工皮革基材之製造方法,至少具備以下步驟:準備用以形成纖維(A)之包含由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之0.6dtex以上的長纖維之捲縮型纖維(A1)的第1纖維網之步驟;準備用以形成纖維(B)之極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)的第2纖維網之步驟;於第1纖維網的至少1面,積層前述第2纖維網而形成積層網之步驟;形成使形成堆疊網的前述捲縮型纖維(A1)與極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)經纏結處理而成的纏結纖維片之步驟;使纏結纖維片熱收縮而形成熱收縮纖維片之步驟;藉由對於形成熱收縮纖維片的極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)進行極細纖維化處理,而使為捲縮型纖維(A1)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布形成之步驟;及將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至熱收縮纖維片或不織布之步驟。還有,捲縮型纖維係將為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)形成的纖維,包含在網(web)化的時間點具有捲縮的顯在捲縮型纖維、及在網化的時間點不展現捲縮而藉由以後的步驟之熱處理而捲縮的潛在捲縮型纖維。藉由這樣的方法,可得到如上述之兼備了高的伸縮性、高的機械特性與起絨時的優異絨毛感之人工皮革基材。
還有,從得到高的伸縮性與機械特性之平衡優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,積層網較佳為在第1纖維網之兩面積層有第2纖維網之積層體。
又,含浸賦予高分子彈性體之步驟,較佳為藉由使熱收縮纖維片或不織布含浸聚胺基甲酸酯水系乳液之後,予以乾燥而使水系聚胺基甲酸酯生成之步驟。藉由使熱收縮纖維片或不織布含浸聚胺基甲酸酯水系乳液之後,予以乾燥而使非海綿狀聚胺基甲酸酯生成,而可削減溶劑使用量。還有,水系聚胺基甲酸酯容易拘束纖維,當摻合比例過高時,伸縮性變得容易降低。因此,就水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例而言,較佳為小於20%。另一方面,使溶劑系聚胺基甲酸酯含浸而使海綿狀聚胺基甲酸酯生成時,可對人工皮革基材中賦予彈性高的高分子彈性體。而且,溶劑系聚胺基甲酸酯由於難以強地拘束纖維,故即使含有20%以上,也容易得到兼備了高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之人工皮革基材。
又,從容易得到即使重複伸長後,也不使伸縮性過度降低之人工皮革基材之點來看,較佳為製造一種人工皮革基材,其中捲縮型纖維(A1)為以紡絲牽伸(spinning draft)400以上所紡絲之平均纖度0.6dtex以上的捲縮型纖維,水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%,厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2
。
[發明之效果]
依照本發明,可得到一種人工皮革基材,其均衡地具備高的伸縮性、機械特性與起絨時的絨毛感。
[用以實施發明的形態]
本實施形態之人工皮革基材,係包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布及被賦予至不織布的內部之高分子彈性體,而纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮纖維,且為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度(以下,亦僅稱纖度)之長纖維,纖維(B)係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維。
以下,按著製造方法之一例,詳細說明本實施形態之人工皮革基材。
上述人工皮革基材,係例如可藉由至少具備如以下之各步驟的製造方法進行製造。
步驟(1):準備包含捲縮型纖維(A1)的第1纖維網之步驟,該捲縮型纖維(A1)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之0.6dtex以上的長纖維。
步驟(2):準備用以形成為小於0.6dtex的極細纖維之纖維(B)之極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)的第2纖維網之步驟。
步驟(3):於第1纖維網的至少1面,積層第2纖維網而形成積層網之步驟。
步驟(4):形成纏結纖維片之步驟,該纏結纖維片係使形成積層網的捲縮型纖維(A1)與極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)經纏結處理而成者。
步驟(5):使纏結纖維片熱收縮而形成熱收縮纖維片之步驟。
步驟(6):藉由對於形成熱收縮纖維片的極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)進行極細纖維化處理,而使為捲縮型纖維(A1)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布形成之步驟。
步驟(7):將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至熱收縮纖維片或不織布之步驟。
(1)第1纖維網之準備步驟
於本實施形態之人工皮革基材之製造中,製造包含捲縮型纖維(A1)之第1纖維網,該捲縮型纖維(A1)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維。
作為第1纖維網之製造方法,例如可舉出使用所謂的紡黏法而將捲縮型纖維(A1)使用熔融紡絲法來紡絲,不將其切割而捕集在網狀物(net)上,形成連續纖維的長纖維之網(web)之方法;或將捲縮型纖維(A1)使用熔融紡絲法來紡絲,延伸了之後,進而視需要地賦予捲縮,使經切割成平均纖維長度100mm以上的原棉通過梳理機進行網化之類的方法。捲縮型纖維(A1)係將為由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成的捲縮纖維之纖維(A)形成的纖維,可為在被網化之時間點具有捲縮的顯在捲縮型纖維,也可為在網化之時間點不展現捲縮而藉由後續步驟的熱處理而捲縮的潛在捲縮型纖維。此等之中,從機械特性容易更提升之點來看,較佳為使用紡黏法來形成連續纖維的長纖維之網之方法。還有,使經切割的原棉通過梳理機而進行網化之類的方法,係有難以通過梳理機之傾向。
捲縮型纖維(A1)係長纖維。本實施形態中的長纖維係平均纖維長度為100mm以上,較佳為200mm以上,進一步較佳為藉由紡黏法所製造的連續地被紡絲之例如數公尺、進而為數百公尺、尤其為數公里以上之纖維長度的連續纖維。藉由捲縮型纖維(A1)為長纖維,而捲縮型纖維不易脫散,展現高的伸縮性。當纖維(A)為平均纖維長度小於100mm之短纖維時,纖維(A)容易脫散,人工皮革基材之伸縮性變得容易降低。於本實施形態中,作為代表例而針對使用紡黏法來製造第1纖維網之方法詳細地進行說明。
作為用以形成由不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮型纖維(A1)的樹脂,例如可舉出對苯二甲酸單元與乙二醇單元之共聚物的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、對苯二甲酸單元與1,4-丁二醇單元之共聚物的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)、聚酯彈性體等之聚酯系樹脂,或彼等之改質體等改質聚酯系樹脂,或聚醯胺6、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺610、芳香族聚醯胺、聚醯胺彈性體等之聚醯胺系樹脂,或彼等之改質體等改質聚醯胺系樹脂。於此等之中,從容易得到能展現高的捲曲之纖維之點來看,較佳為聚酯系樹脂。
還有,所謂的改質體,就是意指以調整樹脂的固有黏度或熔點或結晶性為目的,而將主要的聚合物形成單元之一部分以其它少量的單體單元所取代之聚合物。例如,作為將聚酯改質之少量的單體單元,例如可舉出間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、5-鈉磺基間苯二甲酸等之非對稱型芳香族羧酸,或己二酸等之脂肪族二羧酸,或乙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、環己烷二甲醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等之二醇類等。可藉由將此等之單體單元導入聚酯,而調整聚酯之固有黏度或熔點或結晶性。
作為由不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮型纖維(A1),可舉出並列型纖維或具有偏心芯鞘型的剖面之偏心芯鞘型纖維。並列型纖維係以在熔融紡絲時將互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂沿著纖維的長度方向貼合之方式所形成的纖維。又,偏心芯鞘型纖維係在熔融紡絲時,於互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂之中,具有將一個樹脂當作芯部且將另一個樹脂當作鞘部之具有芯鞘型剖面的纖維,於芯鞘型剖面中芯部係從中心偏移而非對稱地配置之纖維。這樣的捲縮型纖維係在紡絲後或藉由其後的熱處理,展現強的捲曲。
作為形成捲縮型纖維的2種樹脂之組合,可因應所欲展現的伸縮性之程度或因應了用途之不織布的纏結狀態的要求而適宜選擇。具體而言,例如PET與PBT、PET與PET、PBT與PBT、PBT與PTT等,因應要求特性而適宜選擇。還有,此等之至少任一者亦可為改質體。於此等之中,PET與PBT之組合,從藉由纖維(A)展現強的捲曲,容易得到伸縮性優異的人工皮革基材之點來看為較佳。
就2種樹脂的固有黏度之差而言,從纖維(A)展現有助於伸縮性的展現之強捲曲之點來看,較佳為0.05dl/g以上,進一步較佳為0.1~0.6dl/g者。於固有黏度之差過小時,難以展現強的捲曲,於固有黏度之差過大時,從噴嘴吐出後,由於在噴嘴面的斜向變激烈,故有熔融紡絲性降低之傾向。
又,就不同固有黏度的2種樹脂之固有黏度而言,從熔融紡絲性、機械特性優異之點來看,固有黏度高的樹脂之固有黏度較佳為0.6~1.2dl/g,進一步較佳為0.62~1.1dl/g。
就2種樹脂中之高黏度的樹脂之比例而言,從容易展現強捲縮之點來看,較佳為30~70質量%,進一步較佳為40~60質量%。
又,於2種樹脂之各自中,亦可視需要而使其含有有機粒子、無機粒子、難燃劑或抗靜電劑等之添加劑。
第1纖維網可藉由紡黏法進行製造,該紡黏法係如使由排列有2種樹脂的熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭之各個噴嘴孔所吐出之熔融的2種樹脂接觸,進而使其從紡絲噴嘴以指定的吐出速度連續地吐出,使用高速氣流而一邊冷卻一邊延伸,使其堆積在輸送帶狀的移動式網狀物上。又,被堆積於網狀物上的長纖維之網,亦可為了賦予形態安定性而進行熱壓。
熔融紡絲條件係沒有特別的限定,但例如,從可得到展現高捲曲之纖維(A),且可得到容易維持重複伸長後的伸縮性之人工皮革基材之點來看,較佳為如以下的條件之情況。
可舉出例如,將從紡絲噴嘴1孔所吐出的熔融樹脂之吐出速度當作A(g/min),將樹脂的熔融密度當作B(g/cm3
),將1孔的面積當作C(mm2
),將紡絲速度當作D(m/min)時,以被設定為藉由以下之式所算出的紡絲牽伸成為400以上,進一步成為400~1600,尤其成為700~1600之範圍的條件,來進行熔融紡絲。
・紡絲牽伸=D/(A/B/C)
捲縮型纖維(A1)及為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)的平均纖度為0.6dtex以上,較佳為0.6~2.5dtex,進一步較佳為0.6~2dtex,特佳為0.6~1.5dtex。捲縮型纖維(A1)及為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)的平均纖度小於0.6dtex時,纏結變不充分而機械特性變得容易降低。
藉由這樣的方法,而可得到第1纖維網,其包含由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之纖度0.6dtex以上的長纖維之捲縮型纖維(A1)。捲縮型纖維(A1),係在此步驟中為捲縮纖維的顯在捲縮纖維,或為藉由後續的熱處理而展現捲縮的潛在捲縮纖維之纖維,為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維。
(2)第2纖維網之準備步驟
準備用以形成為小於0.6dtex的極細纖維的纖維(B)之包含極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)的第2纖維網。
作為第2纖維網之製造方法,例如可舉出如使用熔融紡絲法將極細纖維產生型纖維予以紡絲、延伸之後,進一步視需要而賦予捲曲,使經切割的原棉通過梳理機進行網化之方法,或使用紡黏法,而將極細纖維產生型纖維使用熔融紡絲法予以紡絲,並不切斷其而捕集至網狀物上來形成連續纖維的長纖維之網之方法。極細纖維產生型纖維可為短纖維,也可為長纖維,但從梳理機通過性優異,且容易得到機械特性與起絨時的絨毛感特別優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,特佳為短纖維網。於本實施形態中,作為代表例,而針對製造短纖維網之情況詳細地說明。
極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)為下述之纖維:藉由對於紡絲後的纖維施予化學的後處理或物理的後處理,而使纖度小的極細纖維形成。作為具體例,例如可舉出海島型複合纖維或剝離分割型複合纖維等。海島型複合纖維為下述之複合纖維:於纖維剖面中,在成為基質(matrix)的海成分樹脂中,成為與海成分樹脂不同種類之疇域(domain)的島成分樹脂被分散,且藉由去除海成分樹脂,而使以島成分樹脂為主體之纖維束狀的極細纖維產生。又,剝離分割型複合纖維為下述之複合纖維:於纖維外周有複數之不同樹脂被交替配置而形成花瓣形狀或堆疊形狀,且利用物理性處理而各樹脂會剝離,藉此而被分割而形成束狀的極細纖維。由於如藉由海島型複合纖維,則在內部保持空隙的極細纖維之纖維束被形成,故可容易得到柔軟的人工皮革基材,且可容易得到高的機械特性。於本實施形態中,作為代表例,而針對使用海島型複合纖維來形成極細纖維之情況詳細地說明。
海島型複合纖維係包含至少2種類的聚合物之多成分系複合纖維,藉由在之後的適當階段萃取或分解海成分來去除,而形成包含島成分之纖維束狀的極細纖維。
作為海島型複合纖維的島成分之熱塑性樹脂的具體例,例如可舉出PET、PBT、PTT、聚酯彈性體等之聚酯系樹脂;聚醯胺6、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺610、芳香族聚醯胺、聚醯胺彈性體等之聚醯胺系樹脂;丙烯酸樹脂;烯烴樹脂等。此等亦可為改質體。又,此等係可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
另一方面,作為海成分之熱塑性樹脂的具體例,例如可舉出聚乙烯醇系樹脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物等。於此等之中,從容易因濕熱處理或熱水處理而收縮之點來看,較佳為具有水溶性的聚乙烯醇系樹脂,特佳為乙烯改質聚乙烯醇樹脂。
就海島型複合纖維的海成分與島成分之質量比例而言,較佳為海成分:島成分=5:95~80:20之範圍。
海島型複合纖維之網,具體而言,可舉出如使用以指定的圖案配置了許多噴嘴孔之複合紡絲用噴絲頭,使用熔融紡絲法將海島型複合纖維予以紡絲,且延伸了以後,進而視需要而賦予捲曲,使經切割的原棉通過梳理機來進行網化之方法。又,亦可視需要,為了對海島型複合纖維之網賦予形態安定性而進行熱壓。
纖維(B)是由海島型複合纖維所形成之情形,例如較佳為5~200條,進一步較佳為10~50條,特佳為10~30條的極細纖維來形成纖維束。
網中的極細纖維產生型纖維(B1),係藉由於之後被極細纖維化處理,而被轉換成為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B)。
纖維(B)之平均纖維長度係沒有特別的限定,可為小於100mm的短纖維,也可為100mm以上,尤其200mm以上,特別地可為藉由紡黏法從紡絲連續地被製造到網為止,可為例如數公尺,尤其數百公尺,特別是數公里以上的纖維長度。當纖維(B)為平均纖維長度小於100mm的短纖維時,從梳理機通過性優異之點來看,較佳為40~75mm。又,從得到機械特性更優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,纖維(B)較佳為在紡絲後進行了延伸者。
(3)於第1纖維網的至少1面積層了第2纖維網之形成的積層網之步驟
接著,重疊第1纖維網與第2纖維網而進行積層,藉此形成積層網。
作為積層網之製造方法,例如可舉出以第2纖維網被配置於第1纖維網之至少一面,較佳於兩面之方式,使用交叉鋪疊機而堆疊4~100片左右之交叉鋪疊。又,只要不損害本發明之效果,亦可視需要而堆疊梭織物、針織物、其它的不織布等。
還有,於交叉鋪疊之際,為了防止在針扎時針被折斷或損傷,較佳為對於所使用的纖維之表面或纖維網之表面,賦予防針折斷的油劑或抗靜電劑等。
第1纖維網與第2纖維網之比例係沒有特別的限定,但於最終所得之不織布中,纖維(A)與為極細纖維之纖維(B)的比例((A)/(B))係較佳為如成為10/90~90/10,進一步較佳為如成為15/85~85/15之比例。
(4)使積層網的捲縮型纖維(A1)與極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)纏結而形成纏結纖維片之步驟
接著,藉由使形成積層網的第1纖維網之捲縮型纖維(A1)與第2纖維網之極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)纏結,而形成纏結纖維片。纏結纖維片係藉由使用針扎或高壓水流處理等眾所周知之不織布製造方法,對於積層網施予纏結處理而形成。於本實施形態中,作為代表例,而針對藉由針扎的纏結處理詳細地進行說明。
將防針折斷的油劑、抗靜電油劑、纏結提升油劑等之聚矽氧系油劑或礦物油系油劑賦予至積層網。然後,藉由針扎進行使捲縮型纖維(A1)與極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)三次元地纏結之纏結處理。
於針扎處理中,例如於至少1個以上的鈎貫穿之條件下,從單面或兩面同時或交替地進行針扎。穿刺密度亦取決於積層網的單位面積重量或纖維密度等,但從纖維被適度地纏結而維持高的伸縮性,且亦維持高的機械特性之點來看,較佳為1000~3000支/cm2
,進一步較佳為1200~2500支/cm2
。
由極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)所形成之為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B),係有助於兼顧所得之人工皮革基材之高的機械特性與高的伸縮性。
使用了不含為極細纖維之纖維(B)而僅含為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)的積層網時,難以兼顧高的機械特性與高的伸縮性。具體而言,於使用了僅含纖維(A)的積層網之情況,當在機械特性不足時欲提高穿刺密度而更拘束纖維來使機械強度提升之情形,伸縮性會降低,且即使欲提高穿刺密度也會發生斷線,而有無法充分使機械強度提升之傾向。又,當在伸縮性不足時欲降低穿刺密度而緩和纖維的拘束來提高伸縮性之情形,機械特性會降低。於本實施形態之人工皮革基材之製造中,使用了包含纖維(B)與纖維(A)的積層網時,可兼顧人工皮革基材之高的機械特性與高的伸縮性。
就如此所製造之積層網的纖維(A1)與極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)纏結而成之纏結纖維片的單位面積重量而言,係沒有特別的限定,但從能得到兼備了高的機械特性與高的伸縮性之人工皮革基材,且亦得到適度的步驟通過性之點來看,較佳為100~1000g/m2
,進一步較佳為200~900g/m2
。
(5)使纏結纖維片熱收縮而形成熱收縮纖維片之步驟
接著,藉由使纏結纖維片熱收縮,而提高纏結纖維片的纖維密度及纏結程度,同時使纖維(A1)展現捲曲,或增強已經展現的捲曲。作為熱收縮處理之具體例,例如可舉出使纏結纖維片連續地接觸水蒸氣之方法;或將水賦予至纏結纖維片後,以加熱空氣或紅外線等的電磁波加熱水之方法等。又,以藉由熱收縮處理,而將經緻密化的纏結纖維片進一步緻密化並同時將形態固定化、或將表面平滑化作為目的,亦可視需要而進一步進行熱壓處理。
就熱收縮處理步驟中的纏結纖維片之單位面積重量的變化而言,相較於熱收縮處理前的單位面積重量,較佳為1.1倍(質量比)以上,進一步較佳為1.3倍以上,且較佳為2倍以下,進一步較佳為1.6倍以下
就如此所製造之熱收縮纖維片的單位面積重量而言,係沒有特別的限定,但從能得到機械特性與伸縮性之平衡優異的人工皮革基材,得到適度的步驟通過性之點來看,較佳為200~2000g/m2
,進一步較佳為400~1800g/m2
。
(6)藉由對於形成熱收縮纖維片的極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)進行極細纖維化處理,而使為捲縮型纖維(A1)與具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布形成之步驟
於本步驟中,係藉由將熱收縮纖維片中的極細纖維產生型纖維予以極細纖維化處理而使不織布形成,該不織布係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之0.6dtex以上的長纖維之捲縮型纖維(A1)與為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B)的纏結體。在本實施形態,作為代表例,而針對極細纖維產生型纖維為海島型複合纖維之情況詳細地說明。
藉由從熱收縮纖維片所包含的海島型複合纖維中,以水或溶劑等萃取或分解去除海成分,而轉換成纖維束狀的極細纖維,藉此而為纏結體之不織布被形成,該不織布係捲縮型纖維(A1)與為極細纖維之纖維(B)的纏結體。例如,在於海成分中使用了水溶性的聚乙烯醇系樹脂之海島型複合纖維的情況中,係藉由以水、鹼性水溶液、酸性水溶液等進行熱水加熱處理,而海成分之水溶性的聚乙烯醇系樹脂被去除。
為極細纖維之纖維(B),係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維,較佳為具有0.01~0.55dtex,進一步較佳為具有0.05~0.5dtex的平均纖度。為這樣的極細纖維之纖維(B),係在將人工皮革基材之表面起絨時,使細的纖維之絨毛感展現。
又,為由海島型複合纖維所形成的極細纖維之纖維(B),例如較佳為5~200條,進一步較佳為10~50條,特佳為10~30條的極細纖維形成纖維束而存在。藉由纖維(B)作為極細纖維的纖維束而存在,而展現更高的機械強度。
為如此所形成之捲縮型纖維(A1)與纖維(B)的纏結體之織布的單位面積重量,係沒有特別的限定,但例如較佳為100~1000g/m2
,進一步較佳為200~600g/m2
。
(7)將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至熱收縮纖維片或不織布之步驟
於人工皮革基材之製造中,為了將形態安定性賦予至人工皮革基材,且提高充實感,而將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至步驟(5)所得之熱收縮纖維片或步驟(6)所得之不織布。將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至步驟(5)所得之熱收縮纖維片時,從在賦予高分子彈性體後,為了在步驟(6)中對於極細纖維產生型纖維進行極細纖維化處理,所形成的極細纖維之纖維(B)不被高分子彈性體所拘束,得到伸縮性更高的人工皮革基材之點來看為較佳。
作為高分子彈性體之具體例,例如可舉出聚胺基甲酸酯、丙烯酸系彈性體、聚醯胺彈性體等之聚醯胺系彈性體、聚酯彈性體等之聚酯系彈性體、聚苯乙烯系彈性體、聚烯烴系彈性體等。
從得到形態安定性及充實感優異,同時伸縮性亦優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,相對於和為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布的合計量,高分子彈性體之含有比例較佳為5~50質量%,進一步較佳為5~40質量%,特佳為10~30質量%。高分子彈性體之含有比例過低時,會有形態安定性降低、或因纖維容易脫散而伸縮性降低之傾向。又,於高分子彈性體之含有比例過高時,會有變成似橡膠的手感、或伸縮性降低之傾向。另外,相對於和為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布的合計量,高分子彈性體之含有比例為8~15質量%時,係重複伸長後的伸長回復率特別優異。
於高分子彈性體之中,從柔軟性與充實感優異之點來看,聚胺基甲酸酯為較佳。作為聚胺基甲酸酯的性質形狀,可舉出作為水系乳液所調製的水系聚胺基甲酸酯、或溶解於包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)的溶劑中而作為溶液所調製的溶劑系聚胺基甲酸酯。
作為含浸賦予高分子彈性體之方法,可舉出使熱收縮纖維片或不織布含浸溶劑系聚胺基甲酸酯後,藉由濕式凝固,而賦予海綿狀聚胺基甲酸酯的方法。使用了這樣的方法時,可將彈性優異的高分子彈性體賦予至人工皮革基材中。還有,溶劑系聚胺基甲酸酯由於難以強地拘束纖維,例如即使含有20%以上,也容易得到兼備了高的伸縮性與高的機械特性之人工皮革基材。
又,作為濕式凝固高分子彈性體之方法,亦可舉出使熱收縮纖維片或不織布含浸聚胺基甲酸酯水系乳液之後,藉由予以乾燥而賦予水系聚胺基甲酸酯之方法。使用了這樣的方法時,可削減溶劑使用量。還有,水系聚胺基甲酸酯係容易拘束纖維,於過度提高摻合比例時伸縮性容易降低。因此,就水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例而言,較佳為小於20%。
於本實施形態之人工皮革基材之製造中,雖然沒有限定,但是從能以較短時間處理,並因可儘量減少不需要的張力而得到高的伸縮性,且對於環境的負荷小之點來看,特佳為水系聚胺基甲酸酯。
水系聚胺基甲酸酯,係被調製作為水系乳液或水系懸浮液。又,水系聚胺基甲酸酯以使耐水性、耐磨耗性及耐水解性提升為目的,亦可被交聯。用以使水系聚胺基甲酸酯交聯的交聯劑,可為對於水系聚胺基甲酸酯作為第3成分添加的外部交聯劑,或亦可為在水系聚胺基甲酸酯的分子構造內預先導入成為交聯構造的反應點之內部交聯劑。作為交聯劑,可舉出具有異氰酸酯基、唑啉基、碳二亞胺基、環氧基、三聚氰胺樹脂及矽醇基等之化合物。
藉由水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例相對於和為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布的合計量為8~15質量%,而可得到形態安定性及充實感優異,同時重複伸長後之伸長回復率亦優異的人工皮革基材。於水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例小於8質量%時,會有形態安定性降低、或因纖維容易脫散而重複伸長後之伸長回復率降低之傾向。又,水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例過高時,有變成似橡膠的手感之傾向。
作為將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至熱收縮纖維片或不織布之方法,例如當使用水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液時,較佳使用浸漬夾壓法,其係於被水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液所充滿的浴中浸熱收縮纖維片或不織布後,進行1次或複數次所謂以加壓輥等擠壓使其成為指定的含浸狀態之處理。又,作為其它方法,亦可使用棒塗法、刀塗法、輥塗法、缺角輪塗布法、噴塗法等。
可藉由將水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液或懸浮液含浸至熱收縮纖維片或不織布,且利用使水系聚胺基甲酸酯乾燥凝固之乾式法來使其凝固,而將水系聚胺基甲酸酯含浸賦予至熱收縮纖維片或不織布。再者,為了使凝固後的水系聚胺基甲酸酯交聯,亦較佳為於乾燥後進一步熱處理而進行熟化(cure)處理。
於高分子彈性體中,亦可視需要而含有碳黑等的顏料、染料、防黴劑及抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑及光安定劑等之耐光劑、難燃劑、浸透劑或滑劑、二氧化矽或氧化鈦等之防黏連劑、撥水劑、黏度調整劑、抗靜電劑等之界面活性劑、聚矽氧等之消泡劑、纖維素等之填充劑、及凝固調整劑、及二氧化矽或氧化鈦等之無機粒子等。
藉由如以上之步驟而可得到人工皮革基材。所得之人工皮革基材係藉由在乾燥後,在垂直於厚度方向的方向中被切割成複數片、或被研磨而進行厚度調節或調整表面狀態而完成。再者,亦可形成人工皮革基材的至少一面經起絨處理之絨毛面或全粒面狀的樹脂層。從進行起絨處理所形成的絨毛面之絨毛感優異之點來看,本實施形態之人工皮革基材係特佳為被用於製造至少一面被起絨處理的絨毛狀人工皮革。
於起絨處理中,藉由使用砂紙等打磨處理人工皮革基材之表層來進行起絨處理,而可得到麂皮狀或磨砂革狀之手感。又,除了起絨處理之外,亦可視需要而施予搓揉柔軟化處理、抗密封之梳刷處理、防污處理、親水化處理、滑劑處理、柔軟劑處理、抗氧化劑處理、紫外線吸收劑處理、螢光劑處理、難燃劑處理等之完成處理。
如此所得之人工皮革基材,較佳為進一步被染色。染色係按照纖維的種類,適宜選擇以分散染料、反應染料、酸性染料、金屬錯鹽染料、硫化染料、硫化甕染料等為主體的染料,使用軋染機、捲染機、液流染色機、繩狀染色機等之纖維染色中通常使用的眾所周知之染色機來進行。例如,於極細纖維為聚酯系極細纖維時,較佳為使用分散染料,藉由高溫高壓染色進行染色。
藉由如上述的本實施形態之製造方法所得之人工皮革基材或使用其之人工皮革,係包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布,及被賦予至不織布的內部之高分子彈性體的人工皮革基材,其中纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮纖維,且為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維,纖維(B)係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維。
本實施形態所得之人工皮革基材或使用其之人工皮革,係至少纖維(A)強地捲縮,藉由強的捲縮而發揮伸縮性。此處所謂的捲縮纖維,意指如後述所測定的平均彎曲率為10%以上之纖維。從發揮高的伸縮性之點來看,纖維(A)之捲縮,係平均彎曲率較佳為14%以上,特佳為15%以上,進一步較佳為20%以上。
又,纖維(B)較佳為弱捲縮的極細纖維。此處所謂的弱捲縮,意指如後述所測定的平均彎曲率小於14%,再者小於13.5%,尤其小於11%。於人工皮革基材中,係藉由纖維(B)與纖維(A)纏結一體化,而使纖維(A)之伸展停留在一定之範圍中。
藉由本實施形態所得之人工皮革基材,可得到均衡地具備伸縮性、機械特性與起絨時的絨毛感之人工皮革。就人工皮革基材或使用其之人工皮革的伸縮性而言,附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之時的平均伸長率,從成為伸縮性優異的人工皮革基材或人工皮革之點來看,較佳為10%以上,進一步較佳為15%以上,特佳為20%以上。再者,附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之時的平均伸長率,係意指相當於沿著生產線的方向之方向的縱向及正交於縱向的橫向之伸長率的平均。
又,就人工皮革基材或使用其之人工皮革的伸縮性而言,從保持異向性少的伸縮性之點來看,較佳為附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之時的縱向及橫向之伸長率皆為10%以上之情況係。
另外,就本實施形態之人工皮革基材而言,於從尤其即使重複伸長後,也得到具備一定以上的伸長率與伸長回復率之伸縮性優異的人工皮革基材之點來看,較佳為下述之人工皮革基材之情況,即人工皮革基材包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布及被賦予至不織布的內部之水系聚胺基甲酸酯,而纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之平均彎曲率為15%以上之捲縮纖維,且為具有0.6~2.5dtex的平均纖度之長纖維,纖維(B)係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維,水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%,厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2
。
於使為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)與為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B)纏結而成的不織布中,為極細纖維之纖維(B),係具有將為在重複伸長時逐漸地紗會伸展到極限而容易變得難以返回的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),停留在一定的伸展範圍之作用。然而,當纖維(A)與纖維(B)之纏結狀態不充分時,會有為極細纖維之纖維(B)將為捲縮纖維之纖維(A)的活動停留在一定的伸展範圍之作用降低的傾向。若藉由使用為平均彎曲率為15%以上的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),則因其捲曲而變得容易使纖維(A)與纖維(B)充分地纏結。又,由於捲縮纖維為長纖維,而難以脫散,伸縮性不易降低。另外,為極細纖維之纖維(B),係藉由使外觀的狀態成為緻密,而賦予優異的絨毛外觀。再者,藉由水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%,而使人工皮革基材不似橡膠地過硬且適度地拘束纖維,保持伸縮性。而且,藉由使纖維(A)與纖維(B)充分地纏結,將厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積調整至300~1000μm2
,使每一個的空隙成為適度的大小,而可得到即使在重複伸長後,也具備一定以上的伸長率與伸長回復率之伸縮性優異的人工皮革基材。
厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積較佳為300~1000μm2
,進一步較佳為350~950μm2
,特佳為400~900μm2
。此處,所謂厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積,係如後述所算出的厚度方向之每一個空隙的面積之平均。藉由空隙之平均面積為這樣的範圍,而變蓬鬆,即使包含為容易變粗之平均彎曲率高的捲縮纖維之纖維(A),也以空隙小的方式被纏結。空隙之平均面積超過1000μm2
時,由於為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布的纏結不充分且空隙多,而會有重複伸長後的伸縮性之持續性變低的傾向。又,空隙之平均面積小於300μm2
時,由於為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布的纏結過強、或水系聚胺基甲酸酯過多而纖維變難以活動,故有伸縮性降低之傾向。
這樣的人工皮革基材係重複伸長後的伸縮性之持續性優異。具體而言,例如可實現如後述所測定之20次伸長後的平均伸長率為18%以上,平均伸長回復率為55%以上,更且20次伸長後的平均伸長率為20%以上,平均伸長回復率為60%以上之人工皮革基材。
就本實施形態所得之人工皮革基材或人工皮革的表觀密度而言,從得到機械特性與高伸縮性特別優異的人工皮革之點來看,較佳為0.20~0.7g/cm3
,進一步較佳為0.25~0.5g/cm3
。
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例更具體地說明本發明。還有,本發明之範圍完全不受實施例所限定。
首先,在以下說明本實施例所用之評價方法。
〈平均纖度〉
平均纖度係如以下地測定。以3000倍拍攝人工皮革基材之剖面的掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM)照片。然後,從SEM照片中任意地選出10個纖維的剖面,測定剖面積,算出其剖面積之平均值。然後,使用各樹脂之密度,將剖面積之平均值換算成平均纖度。還有,於SEM照片中,將並列型的聚酯纖維當作纖維(A),將其以外者當作纖維(B)來區分而測定。
〈固有黏度〉
使用苯酚/四氯乙烷(體積比1/1)混合溶劑作為溶劑,在30℃使用烏氏(Ubbelohde)型黏度計(林製作所製HRK-3型)進行測定。
〈平均彎曲率〉
將人工皮革基材之厚度方向的中央部分切片之後,以100倍之倍率將下層側表面進行電子顯微鏡觀察。然後,如圖1所示,測定從纖維1之彎曲部中的100μm的長度之弦起畫垂線到相交的纖維為止之距離A,用以下之式算出彎曲率。然後,將在任意的10處所測定的彎曲率之平均當作平均彎曲率。
平均彎曲率(%)=A(μm)/100(μm)×100
〈聚胺基甲酸酯比例〉
測定所積層的纖維(A1)與纖維(B1)之單位面積重量,從其合計單位面積重量W(g/m2
)與其中的纖維(A)與纖維(B)之各比例,算出纖維(A)與纖維(B)之單位面積重量X(g/m2
)。接著,將水系聚胺基甲酸酯液濃度當作Y(%),將含浸至不織布時的吸液率當作Z(%)時,由以下之式求出水系聚胺基甲酸酯之比例。
水系聚胺基甲酸酯比例(%)=
[W×Z/100×Y/100]/[W×Z/100×Y/100+X]×100
〈表觀密度〉
依據JIS L1913,測定厚度(mm)及單位面積重量(g/cm2
),從此等之值算出表觀密度(g/cm3
)。
〈伸長率及伸長回復率〉
伸長率表示以恒定負荷伸展時之伸長率。又,伸長回復率表示以恒定負荷進行伸展,去除負荷後之回復率。將人工皮革基材切出為2.5cm寬,於長度5cm間設下3cm間隔的基準線,測定附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之後的基準線伸長的長度L1,用以下之式測定伸長率。
・伸長率(%)=[L1(cm)-3(cm)]/3(cm)×100
又,負荷釋放5分鐘後,測定基準線間之長度L2,用以下之式測定伸長回復率。
・伸長回復率(%)=[L1(cm)-L2(cm)]/[L1(cm)-3(cm)]/ ×100
〈絨毛感〉
藉由目視及觸感,用以下之基準判定所得之絨毛狀人工皮革的外觀。
A:纖維具有細地散開之均勻的長度,為柔軟光滑的觸感之絨毛面。
B:纖維具有粗地散開之不均勻的長度,為粗觸感且無光亮的絨毛感。
〈手感〉
折彎所得之絨毛狀人工皮革,用以下之基準判定韌性或柔軟性之觸感。
A:為具有充實感,不會輕易折斷,且柔軟性優異的手感。
B:符合缺乏充實感、會輕易折斷、硬之任1個以上的手感。
〈伸縮感〉
拉伸所得之絨毛狀人工皮革,用以下之基準判定當時的力之程度或返回容易度之觸感。
A:以弱的力容易伸長,且釋放力之後的伸長之返回快。
B:符合於以下的任一者:以弱的力難以伸長,且釋放力之後的伸長之返回慢;或以弱的力容易伸長,但釋放力之後的伸長之返回慢;或以弱的力難以伸長,且釋放力後的伸長之返回快。
〈撕裂強力〉
從人工皮革之原材,切出10cm×橫4cm的試驗片。然後,在試驗片的短邊之中央,切出平行於長邊的5cm之切縫。然後,使用拉伸試驗機,以夾具之夾頭夾住各切片,以10cm/min之拉伸速度測定s-s曲線。針對原材之縱向與垂直於縱向之橫向,測定各試驗片3個,分別求出平均值。
[實施例1]
使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.585(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭來吐出,調整噴射器(ejector)壓力使紡絲速度成為4000m/min,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,得到包含平均纖度1.5dtex的並列型聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
另一方面,將水溶性熱塑性聚乙烯醇系樹脂(PVA;海成分)與改質度6莫耳%的間苯二甲酸改質聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(島成分),以海成分/島成分成為50/50(質量比)之方式,在260℃從熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭(島數:12島/纖維)吐出,以紡絲速度800m/min進行紡絲。接著,延伸而得到平均纖度7.7dtex的纖維後,賦予捲縮。將所得之捲縮後纖維切割成51mm,通過梳理機而得到第2纖維網。
接著,將所得之網以第2纖維網/第1纖維網/第2纖維網=1/2/1之重量比進行積層,形成堆疊網。然後,對於堆疊網使用1鈎之針而以1840P/cm2
之穿刺密度進行針扎處理,藉此形成單位面積重量220g/m2
之纏結纖維片。
接著,於110℃、23.5%RH之條件下蒸汽處理纏結纖維片。然後,於90~110℃之烘箱中使其乾燥後,進一步在115℃熱壓,藉此得到單位面積重量312g/m2
、表觀密度0.52g/cm3
、厚度0.60mm之經熱收縮處理的熱收縮纖維片。
接著,使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率(pick up)50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分18%)。還有,水系聚胺基甲酸酯係聚碳酸酯系無黃變聚胺基甲酸酯。再者,於乳液中,係相對於100質量份的聚胺基甲酸酯,而添加4.9質量份的碳二亞胺系交聯劑與6.4質量份的硫酸銨,且進行調整使聚胺基甲酸酯的固體成分成為10%。然後,將含浸有乳液的熱收縮纖維片在115℃、25%RH環境下乾燥處理,進一步在150℃下乾燥處理。
然後,將賦予有聚胺基甲酸酯的熱收縮纖維片,藉由夾壓處理及一邊進行高壓水流處理一邊在95℃的熱水中浸漬10分鐘,而溶解去除PVA,形成平均纖度0.3dtex的PET之極細纖維。然後,藉由進行乾燥而得到人工皮革基材。
然後,對於人工皮革基材之背面使用♯120紙,對於主面使用♯240、♯320紙來研磨兩面,藉此將成形成有絨毛面之人工皮革基材完成。然後,對於形成有絨毛面的人工皮革基材,使用分散染料而在120℃下進行高壓染色,藉此得到具有麂皮狀的絨毛面之絨毛狀人工皮革。所得之絨毛狀人工皮革係單位面積重量240g/m2
、表觀密度0.282g/cm3
、厚度0.85mm。
然後,依照上述評價方法,評價絨毛狀人工皮革之各種特性。下述表1中顯示以上之結果。
[表1]
實施例編號 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 比較例1 | 比較例2 | 比較例3 | 比較例4 | ||
纖維(A) | 纖度 | dtex | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.32 | 1.5 |
纖維長 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | ||
樹脂I | 樹脂種類 | PBT | PET | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | - | PBT | |
黏度(dl/g) | 1.025 | 0.775 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | - | 1.025 | ||
樹脂II | 樹脂種類 | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | |
黏度(dl/g) | 0.585 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.585 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.615 | 0.585 | ||
黏度差 | (dl/g) | 0.44 | 0.255 | 0.505 | 0.44 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | - | 0.44 | |
樹脂I/II 比率 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 0/100 | 50/50 | ||
彎曲率 | (%) | 16.7 | 25.7 | 20.3 | 15.5 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 18.3 | 9.4 | 4.2 | 14.7 | |
纖維(B) | 纖度 | (dtex) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | - | - | 0.6 |
纖維長 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 長纖維 | 短纖維 | - | - | - | 短纖維 | ||
(A)/(B) | 67/33 | 67/33 | 67/33 | 67/33 | 67/33 | 67/33 | 100/0 | 100/0 | 100/0 | 67/33 | ||
針扎數 | (P/cm2 ) | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 2760 | 3680 | 1840 | |
水系聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例 | (質量%) | 10 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 11 | |
表觀密度 | (g/cm3 ) | 0.282 | 0.370 | 0.238 | 0.290 | 0.327 | 0.290 | 0.163 | 0.284 | 0.387 | 0.283 | |
伸長率 | 縱 | (%) | 16.3 | 33.7 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 16.0 | 12.3 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 16.1 |
橫 | (%) | 23.3 | 63.8 | 29.2 | 21.0 | 17.0 | 21.0 | 27.5 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 22.0 | |
平均(%) | 19.8 | 48.8 | 20.8 | 18.4 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 19.9 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 19.1 | ||
伸長回復率 | 縱 | (%) | 65.7 | 62.6 | 91.3 | 67.0 | 81.0 | 85.2 | 65.6 | 77.2 | 64.9 | 67.2 |
橫 | (%) | 66.0 | 65.2 | 81.2 | 66.5 | 84.1 | 84.8 | 62.4 | 76.2 | 59.0 | 67.3 | |
絨毛感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | B | B | ||
手感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | A | ||
撕裂強力 | 縱 | (kg) | 3.5 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 3.8 |
橫 | (kg) | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 4.3 |
[實施例2]
除了如表1所示,於實施例1中,使用固有黏度[η]=0.775(dl/g)的PET代替固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的PBT,使用固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的PET代替固有黏度[η]=0.585(dl/g)的PET以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[實施例3]
除了如表1所示,於實施例1中,使用固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的PET代替固有黏度[η]=0.585(dl/g)的PET,還有變更水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[實施例4]
除了如表1所示,於實施例1中,以形成平均纖度0.5dtex的PET之極細纖維來代替形成平均纖度0.3dtex的PET之極細纖維,且進一步變更水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[實施例5]
除了將實施例3之第2纖維網變更為如以下地進行所製造之第2纖維網,且變更為如表1所示的長纖維之極細纖維以外,係與實施例1同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
(第2纖維網之製造)
將水溶性熱塑性聚乙烯醇系樹脂(PVA;海成分)與改質度6莫耳%的間苯二甲酸改質聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(島成分),以海成分/島成分成為25/25(質量比)之方式,在260℃從熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭(島數:12島/纖維)吐出,以紡絲速度成為3500m/min之方式調整噴射器壓力,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,得到包含長纖維之平均纖度3.0dtex的海島型複合纖維之第2纖維網。
[實施例6]
除了如表1所示,於實施例3中,使用包含平均纖度0.6dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網來代替包含平均纖度1.5dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[比較例1]
除了如表1所示,於實施例2,使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的PBT代替固有黏度[η]=0.775(dl/g)的PET,且以僅以第1纖維網形成相同的單位面積重量之堆疊網來代替以第2纖維網/第1纖維網/第2纖維網=1/2/1之重量比積層而形成堆疊網,且進一步變更水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[比較例2]
除了如表1所示,於比較例1中,進行了以2760扎/cm2
針扎來代替以1840扎/cm2
針扎堆疊網等變更以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[比較例3]
除了如表1所示,於實施例1中,使用包含由固有黏度[η]=0.615(dl/g)的PET所成的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網代替包含平均纖度1.5dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網,且以3680扎/cm2
針扎來代替以1840扎/cm2
針扎堆疊網,且進一步變更水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
[比較例4]
除了如表1所示,於實施例1中,以形成平均纖度0.6dtex的PET之纖維來代替形成平均纖度0.3dtex的PET之極細纖維以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表1中顯示結果。
如參照表1,則本發明之實施例1~6所得之絨毛狀人工皮革,皆具有顯示伸長率在縱向及橫向都是10%以上及平均伸長率10%以上之伸縮性,撕裂強力亦縱向及橫向皆顯示3kg以上,而且絨毛感亦優異。另一方面,不含有為具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度的極細纖維之纖維(B)的比較例1的絨毛狀人工皮革,雖然顯示伸長率在縱向及橫向都是10%以上及平均伸長率10%以上,但是撕裂強力低。而且,於以比較例1之絨毛狀人工皮革為基礎,為了使撕裂強力提升而提高穿刺密度而提高了纏結度之比較例2所得之絨毛狀人工皮革的情況,雖然撕裂強力提升,但伸縮性降低。又,相對於實施例1,提高了纖維(B)的纖度之比較例4所得之絨毛狀人工皮革係絨毛感差。
[實施例7]
以50/50之比率使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從1孔的面積C為0.08mm2
之熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭,以0.25(g/min)的吐出速度A吐出。還有,此時樹脂的熔融密度B為1.21(g/cm3
)。然後,調整噴射器壓力使紡絲速度D成為3987m/min,以紡絲牽伸成為1544之方式紡絲而將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,藉此得到包含平均纖度0.63dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
另一方面,將水溶性熱塑性聚乙烯醇系樹脂(PVA;海成分)與改質度6莫耳%的間苯二甲酸改質聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(島成分)在260℃從熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭(島數:12島/纖維)吐出,使海成分/島成分成為50/50(質量比),以紡絲速度800m/min進行紡絲。接著,延伸而得到平均纖度7.7dtex的纖維之後,賦予捲縮。將所得之捲縮後纖維切割成51mm,通過梳理機而得到第2纖維網。
接著,將所得之網以第2纖維網/第1纖維網/第2纖維網=1/2/1之質量比進行積層,形成積層網。然後,對於堆疊網使用1鈎之針,以1840P/cm2
之穿刺密度進行針扎處理,藉此形成單位面積重量410g/m2
之纏結纖維片。
接著,於110℃、23.5%RH之條件下蒸汽處理纏結纖維片。然後,於90~110℃之烘箱中使其乾燥之後,進一步在115℃熱壓,藉此得到單位面積重量511g/m2
、表觀密度0.63g/cm3
、厚度0.81mm之經熱收縮處理的熱收縮纖維片。
接著,使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%)。水系聚胺基甲酸酯係聚碳酸酯系無黃變聚胺基甲酸酯。又,係使用相對於100質量份的水系聚胺基甲酸酯而摻合1.5質量份的碳二亞胺系交聯劑與7.5質量份的硫酸銨,且調整為水系聚胺基甲酸酯的固體成分成為10%的乳液。然後,將含浸有乳液的熱收縮纖維片在115℃、25%RH環境下乾燥處理,更在150℃下乾燥處理。
然後,將賦予有聚胺基甲酸酯的熱收縮纖維片,藉由夾壓處理及一邊進行高壓水流處理一邊在95℃的熱水中浸漬10分鐘,而溶解去除PVA,形成平均纖度0.3dtex的PET之極細纖維。然後,藉由進行乾燥而得到人工皮革基材。
然後,對於人工皮革基材之背面使用♯120紙,對於主面使用♯240、♯320紙來研磨兩面,藉此將成形成有絨毛面之人工皮革基材完成。然後,對於形成有絨毛面的人工皮革基材使用分散染料,在120℃下進行高壓染色,藉此得到具有麂皮狀的絨毛面之絨毛狀人工皮革。所得之絨毛狀人工皮革係單位面積重量352g/m2
、表觀密度0.314g/cm3
、厚度1.12mm。
又,聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例為10質量%。
然後,依照上述評價方法,評價絨毛狀人工皮革之各種特性。還有,「捲縮型纖維(A1)之紡絲牽伸」係如以下地算出。
〈捲縮型纖維(A1)之紡絲牽伸〉
於捲縮型纖維(A1)的熔融紡絲之際,將由紡絲噴嘴1孔所吐出的聚合物之吐出速度設為A(g/min),將聚合物之熔融密度設為B(g/cm3
),將1孔的面積設為C(mm2
),將紡絲速度當作D(m/min),而藉由以下之式算出紡絲牽伸。
・紡絲牽伸=D/(A/B/C×104
)
還有,樹脂之熔融密度B(g/cm3
)係將熔融紡絲時分別吐出不同固有黏度的2種樹脂時之吐出體積(cc/rpm)當作E1、E2,將吐出彼等時的各齒輪泵之旋轉數(rpm)分別當作F1與F2,測定所吐出的1分鐘之聚合物吐出量(g/min)G1與G2,由以下之式算出。
・熔融密度(g/cm3
)=G1/E1/F1×G1/(G1+G2)+G2/E2/F2× G2/(G1+G2)
又,「厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積」係如以下地評價。
〈厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積〉
厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積係如以下地進行而測定。
以40倍之倍率,用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察人工皮革基材之厚度方向的剖面之全層,且拍攝其影像。然後,對於所得之影像,使用影像解析軟體Popimaging(Digital being kids. Co製),以動態閾值法將影像二值化。然後,以image pro premier(日本ROPER公司製)讀入經二值化的影像,以計數工具抽出面積為5點(dot)以上的空隙部。計測係在平均選擇的3處之剖面進行。然後,測定經計測工具抽出的各空隙部之面積,而求出平均值。圖2中顯示實施例1所得之影像的一例。黑的地方分別為空隙部。
又,「伸長率及伸長回復率」、「手感」及「伸縮感」係分別取得重複「伸長率及伸長回復率」的操作時之第1次及第20次之結果。
於下述表2中顯示以上之結果。
[表2]
實施例編號 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||
纖維(A) | 纖度 | dtex | 0.63 | 1.18 | 2.42 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
纖維長 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | ||
樹脂I | 樹脂種類 | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | PBT | |
黏度(dl/g) | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | ||
樹脂II | 樹脂種類 | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | |
黏度(dl/g) | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | ||
黏度差 | (dl/g) | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | |
樹脂I/II比率 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | ||
紡絲牽伸 | 1544 | 768 | 400 | 1544 | 1544 | 1544 | 768 | 768 | ||
彎曲率 | (%) | 26.7 | 22.1 | 15.9 | 24.0 | 26.7 | 38.0 | 18.5 | 21.3 | |
纖維(B) | 纖度 | (dtex) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
纖維長 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | ||
彎曲率 | (%) | 9.5 | 10 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.0 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 13.1 | |
纖維(A)/纖維(B) | 68/32 | 68/32 | 68/32 | 68/32 | 81/19 | 42/58 | 68/32 | 68/32 | ||
針扎數 | (P/cm2 ) | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | |
水系聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例 | (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8.5 | 13 | |
表觀密度 | (g/cm3 ) | 0.314 | 0.313 | 0.331 | 0.320 | 0.267 | 0.286 | 0.269 | 0.336 | |
空隙平均面積 | (μm2 ) | 615.4 | 900.0 | 756.4 | 610.5 | 864.0 | 728.2 | 668.5 | 585.0 | |
伸長率 | 縱 | (%) | 7.8 | 18.3 | 10.2 | 8.3 | 11.4 | 12.6 | 20.3 | 8.7 |
橫 | (%) | 16.1 | 24.3 | 14.1 | 18.2 | 27.3 | 24.9 | 34.3 | 23.1 | |
平均 | (%) | 12.0 | 21.3 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 27.3 | 15.9 | |
伸長回復率 | 縱 | (%) | 89.3 | 78.8 | 80.8 | 88.2 | 90.3 | 79.8 | 72.9 | 95.4 |
橫 | (%) | 88.6 | 76.7 | 64.0 | 87.1 | 81 | 67.9 | 66.5 | 78.9 | |
平均 | (%) | 89.0 | 77.8 | 72.4 | 87.7 | 85.7 | 73.9 | 69.7 | 87.2 | |
重複伸長第20次之伸長率 | 縱 | (%) | 14.0 | 21.1 | 17.1 | 14.5 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 23.5 | 12.5 |
橫 | (%) | 23.3 | 30.6 | 21.6 | 22 | 34.4 | 30.9 | 44.7 | 29.5 | |
平均 | (%) | 18.7 | 25.9 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 25.4 | 24.0 | 34.1 | 21.0 | |
重複伸長第20次之伸長回復率 | 縱 | (%) | 65.8 | 67.6 | 58.7 | 66.0 | 71.3 | 66.1 | 56.2 | 80.0 |
橫 | (%) | 68.3 | 57.1 | 60.1 | 67.5 | 58.3 | 47.0 | 54.0 | 67.3 | |
平均 | (%) | 67.1 | 62.4 | 59.4 | 66.8 | 64.8 | 56.5 | 55.1 | 73.7 | |
手感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
絨毛感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
伸縮感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
20次重複伸長後之手感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
20次重複伸長後之伸縮感 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
撕裂強力 | 縱 | (kg) | 7.3 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 6.7 |
橫 | (kg) | 4.6 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
[實施例8]
除了於實施例7中,使用如以下地製造的第1纖維網以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
以50/50之比率使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從1孔的面積C為0.08mm2
之熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭,以0.51(g/min)的吐出速度A吐出。然後,調整噴射器壓力使紡絲速度D成為4048m/min,且以紡絲牽伸成為768之方式紡絲,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,藉此得到包含平均纖度1.18dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例9]
除了於實施例7中,使用如以下地製造的第1纖維網以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
以50/50之比率使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從1孔的面積C為0.08mm2
之熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭,以1.0(g/min)的吐出速度A吐出。然後,調整噴射器壓力使紡絲速度D成為4132m/min,且以紡絲牽伸成為400之方式紡絲,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,藉此得到包含平均纖度2.42dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例10]
除了於實施例7中,使用如以下地製造的第2纖維網,而以形成平均纖度0.5dtex的PET之極細纖維來取代形成平均纖度0.3dtex的PET之極細纖維以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
將水溶性熱塑性聚乙烯醇系樹脂(PVA;海成分)與改質度6莫耳%的間苯二甲酸改質聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(島成分)在260℃從熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭(島數:12島/纖維)吐出,使海成分/島成分成為50/50(質量比),以紡絲速度800m/min進行紡絲。接著,延伸而得到平均纖度11.8dtex的纖維,賦予捲縮。將所得之捲縮後纖維切割成51mm,通過梳理機而得到第2纖維網。
於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例11]
除了於實施例7中,將以第2纖維網/第1纖維網/第2纖維網=1/2/1之質量比積層而形成積層網,利用以1/8.5/1之質量比積層而得到積層網來代替以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例12]
除了於實施例7中,將以第2纖維網/第1纖維網/第2纖維網=1/2/1之質量比積層而形成積層網,利用以0.7/1/0.7之質量比積層而得到積層網來代替以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例13]
除了於實施例8中,將使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%),利用以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分11%)來代替,將聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為8.5質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例14]
除了於實施例8中,將使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%),利用以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分18.8%)來代替,將聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為13質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表2中顯示結果。
[實施例15]
除了於實施例13,使用如以下所製造的第1纖維網以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
以50/50之比率使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從1孔的面積C為0.08mm2
之熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭,以1.0(g/min)的吐出速度A吐出。然後,調整噴射器壓力使紡絲速度D成為4065m/min,且以紡絲牽伸成為393之方式紡絲,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,藉此得到包含平均纖度2.46dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
於下述表3中顯示結果。
[表3]
實施例編號 | 15 | 比較例5 | 比較例6 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
纖維(A) | 纖度 | dtex | 2.46 | 1.4 | 1.32 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
纖維長 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | 長纖維 | ||
樹脂I | 樹脂種類 | PBT | PBT | - | PBT | PBT | PBT | |
黏度(dl/g) | 1.025 | 1.025 | - | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.025 | ||
樹脂II | 樹脂種類 | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | PET | |
黏度(dl/g) | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.615 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | ||
黏度差 | (dl/g) | 0.505 | 0.505 | - | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.505 | |
樹脂I/II比率 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 0/100 | 50/50 | 50/50 | 50/50 | ||
紡絲牽伸 | 393 | 691 | 733 | 768 | 768 | 768 | ||
彎曲率 | (%) | 13.1 | 18.3 | 4.2 | 18.2 | 18.5 | 20.3 | |
纖維(B) | 纖度 | (dtex) | 0.3 | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
纖維長 | 短纖維 | - | - | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | 短纖維 | ||
彎曲率 | (%) | 12.3 | - | - | 7.7 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
(A)/(B) | 68/32 | 100/0 | 100/0 | 68/32 | 68/32 | 68/32 | ||
針扎數 | (P/cm2 ) | 1840 | 1840 | 3680 | 1840 | 1840 | 1840 | |
水系聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例 | (%) | 10 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7.5 | 16 | |
表觀密度 | (g/cm3 ) | 0.33 | 0.163 | 0.387 | 0.221 | 0.269 | 0.356 | |
空隙平均面積 | (μm2 ) | 1011.4 | 1332.8 | 839.8 | 898.9 | 668.5 | 478.5 | |
伸長率 | 縱 | (%) | 9.9 | 12.3 | 4.5 | 21.1 | 20.3 | 5.5 |
橫 | (%) | 17.6 | 27.5 | 5.4 | 38.1 | 34.3 | 17.3 | |
平均 | (%) | 13.8 | 19.9 | 5.0 | 29.6 | 27.3 | 11.4 | |
伸長回復率 | 縱 | (%) | 67.6 | 65.6 | 64.9 | 72.8 | 72.9 | 93.9 |
橫 | (%) | 56.4 | 62.4 | 59.0 | 52.5 | 66.5 | 80.9 | |
平均 | (%) | 62.0 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 62.7 | 69.7 | 87.4 | |
重複伸長第20次之伸長率 | 縱 | (%) | 15.1 | 54.6 | 8.1 | 26.2 | 23.5 | 7.2 |
橫 | (%) | 23.4 | 53.8 | 7.2 | 55.2 | 44.7 | 20.7 | |
平均 | (%) | 19.3 | 54.2 | 7.7 | 40.7 | 34.1 | 14.0 | |
重複伸長第20次之伸長回復率 | 縱 | (%) | 50.4 | 37.3 | 38.8 | 46.8 | 53.2 | 81.1 |
橫 | (%) | 51.9 | 38.1 | 48.1 | 37.0 | 52.0 | 70.0 | |
平均 | (%) | 51.2 | 37.7 | 43.5 | 41.9 | 52.6 | 75.6 | |
手感 | A | A | B | A | A | A | ||
絨毛感 | A | B | B | A | A | A | ||
伸縮感 | A | A | B | B | B | B | ||
20次重複伸長後之手感 | A | A | B | A | A | A | ||
20次重複伸長後之伸縮感 | B | B | B | B | B | B | ||
撕裂強力 | 縱 | (kg) | 9.6 | 2.0 | 6.6 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 |
橫 | (kg) | 8.2 | 1.7 | 7.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 6.2 |
[比較例5]
除了於實施例7中,僅以如以下地製造的第1纖維網形成積層網,進一步將水系聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為6質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。
以50/50之比率使用固有黏度[η]=1.025(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)與固有黏度[η]=0.52(dl/g)的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),在275℃從1孔的面積C為0.08mm2
之熔融複合紡絲用噴絲頭,以0.51(g/min)的吐出速度A吐出。然後,調整噴射器壓力使紡絲速度D成為3643m/min,且以紡絲牽伸成為691之方式紡絲,將長纖維捕集在網狀物上,藉此得到包含平均纖度1.4dtex之並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網。
於表3中顯示結果。
[比較例6]
除了於實施例7中,以使用包含平均纖度1.32dtex之正規型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網來代替包含並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網,而僅以第1纖維網形成積層網,且進一步將水系聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為6質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表3中顯示結果。
[實施例16]
除了於實施例8中,將使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%),利用以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分6.6%)來代替,且將聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為5質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表3中顯示結果。
[實施例17]
除了於實施例8中,將使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%),利用以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10.2%)來代替,且將聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為7.5質量%來代替10質量%的以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表3中顯示結果。
[實施例18]
除了於實施例8中,將使熱收縮纖維片以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分10%),利用以吸液率50%含浸水系聚胺基甲酸酯的乳液(固體成分24%)來代替,且將聚胺基甲酸酯含有比例變更為16質量%來代替10質量%以外,係同樣地進行而得到絨毛狀人工皮革,進行評價。於表3中顯示結果。
如參照表2,則厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2
之實施例7~14所得之絨毛狀人工皮革,係皆在重複伸長後具有回復力高的伸縮性,即使重複伸長後也維持高的伸縮性。另一方面,如參照表3,則纖維(A)之平均彎曲率稍低,以紡絲牽伸393所製造的實施例15之人工皮革,係厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積超過1000μm2
,重複伸長後之伸長回復率稍低。又,僅以第1纖維網形成積層網之比較例5,亦厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積超過1000μm2
,重複伸長後之伸長回復率低,撕裂強力亦低。另外,以使用包含平均纖度1.32dtex之正規型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網來代替包含並列型的聚酯纖維之第1纖維網,而僅以第1纖維網形成有積層網之比較例6,係伸縮性低。還有,聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為5%之實施例16,係重複伸長後之伸長回復率低。聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為7.5%之實施例17,亦重複伸長後之伸長回復率低,聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為16%之實施例18係伸長率低。
1:纖維
圖1係說明平均彎曲率之說明圖。
圖2係說明厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積之說明圖。
無。
Claims (15)
- 一種人工皮革基材,其包含為纖維(A)與纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布、及被賦予至前述不織布的內部之高分子彈性體; 該纖維(A)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之捲縮纖維,且為具有0.6dtex以上的平均纖度之長纖維, 該纖維(B)係具有小於0.6dtex的平均纖度之極細纖維。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(A)係平均彎曲率為10%以上。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(A)係平均彎曲率為15%以上。
- 如請求項3之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(B)係平均彎曲率小於15%。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(B)係平均纖維長度小於100mm的短纖維。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(A)係該2種樹脂的該固有黏度之差為0.05(dl/g)以上之並列型纖維或偏芯芯鞘型纖維。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該2種樹脂係聚酯。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該纖維(A)與該纖維(B)之摻合比例((A)/(B))為10/90~90/10。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其係附加了5分鐘的負荷1kg之時的平均伸長率為10%以上。
- 如請求項1之人工皮革基材,其中該高分子彈性體係水系聚胺基甲酸酯, 該水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%, 厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2 。
- 一種絨毛狀人工皮革,其特徵為包含如請求項1之人工皮革基材,該基材之一面被起絨處理。
- 一種人工皮革基材之製造方法,其係如請求項1之人工皮革基材之製造方法,至少具備以下步驟: 準備用以形成該纖維(A)之包含捲縮型纖維(A1)的第1纖維網之步驟,該捲縮型纖維(A1)係由互相不同固有黏度的2種樹脂所形成之0.6dtex以上的長纖維; 準備用以形成該纖維(B)之極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)的第2纖維網之步驟; 於該第1纖維網的至少1面,積層該第2纖維網而形成積層網之步驟; 形成纏結纖維片之步驟,該纏結纖維片係使形成該堆疊網的該捲縮型纖維(A1)與該極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)經纏結處理而成; 使該纏結纖維片熱收縮而形成熱收縮纖維片之步驟; 藉由對於形成該熱收縮纖維片的該極細纖維產生型纖維(B1)進行極細纖維化處理,而使為該捲縮型纖維(A1)與該纖維(B)的纏結體之不織布形成之步驟;及 將高分子彈性體含浸賦予至該熱收縮纖維片或該不織布之步驟。
- 如請求項12之人工皮革基材之製造方法,其中該積層網係在該第1纖維網之兩面積層有該第2纖維網之積層體。
- 如請求項12之人工皮革基材之製造方法,其中含浸賦予該高分子彈性體之步驟,係在使聚胺基甲酸酯水系乳液含浸至該熱收縮纖維片或該不織布之後,藉由予以乾燥而使水系聚胺基甲酸酯生成之步驟。
- 如請求項14之人工皮革基材之製造方法,其係製造該水系聚胺基甲酸酯之含有比例為8~15質量%且厚度方向的剖面之空隙的平均面積為300~1000μm2 之人工皮革基材, 其中,該捲縮型纖維(A1)係以紡絲牽伸400以上所紡絲的纖度0.6dtex以上之捲縮型纖維。
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