TW201710071A - 片狀成形體、及積層體 - Google Patents
片狀成形體、及積層體 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201710071A TW201710071A TW105123661A TW105123661A TW201710071A TW 201710071 A TW201710071 A TW 201710071A TW 105123661 A TW105123661 A TW 105123661A TW 105123661 A TW105123661 A TW 105123661A TW 201710071 A TW201710071 A TW 201710071A
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- sheet
- resin
- resin composition
- vinyl chloride
- mass
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 14
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- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Natural products CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本發明提供一種片狀成形體、以及具有該片狀成形體及發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層的積層體;該片狀成形體為對片狀物施行縫製加工而成的片狀成形體,其係在縫製加工的至少一部分使用包含含有線用樹脂之線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的線之片狀成形體,並且作為具有該片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的積層體,而能以便宜且簡易的方法來製造,設計性並不經時地受損,且在襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之際,能夠防止原料等從縫製處流出之片狀成形體。
Description
本發明關於使用於汽車儀表板等的片狀成形體及積層體。
汽車儀表板係具有發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層被設置於表皮與基材之間的構造,而該表皮係包含氯乙烯樹脂、熱塑性胺基甲酸酯樹脂、熱塑性烯烴樹脂等合成樹脂或皮革。
於汽車儀表板,為了要使設計性及商品性提升,而會有於表皮施行針趾花紋等縫製加工的情形。這樣的狀況時,於表皮背側形成發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之際,會有這樣的問題:發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層的原料等從縫製部分的孔流出至表面。由於發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層的原料等流出之處會變色的緣故,而成為了汽車儀表板外觀受損的原因。
作為防止在表皮的背側形成發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之際原料等的流出的方法,例如,專利文獻1中揭示了:為了防範發泡劑等從包含氯乙烯等塑料片之表皮材的接縫洩漏,藉由下述方法等進行接縫的密封處理:從表
皮材的背側附加密封用膠帶的方法、進行塗布接著劑並使其乾燥之交聯硬化處理的方法、於針趾為樹脂線之情形從背側加熱樹脂線而使其熔化的方法。又,專利文獻2中揭示了:藉由將上線與下線縫在熔融狀態的熱塑性樹脂材的縫製處,且使該縫製處硬化使熱塑性樹脂材、上線及下線成為一體,而將被縫在樹脂材的縫製線之外周面與樹脂材的間隙予以密封。
專利文獻1:日本特開平3-1938號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2014-19060號公報
如專利文獻1、2般,表皮材為樹脂製時,對表皮材來說,以使柔軟性等提升之目的,通常會添加塑化劑等各種添加劑。該各種成分由於會因熱等而經時地轉移至發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層,而表皮材會有經時地變色的情形。
當如專利文獻1般,對使用了密封用膠帶或接著劑的狀況時來說,有這樣的問題:由於在使用了該等材料之處,各種成分的轉移速度會變化,而該處的色調變化就會成為與該處周邊不同者,且會顯露在背側配置有膠帶或接著劑。又,如專利文獻1般,欲熔化樹脂線來進行密封的情形時,有下述這樣的問題:因表皮材同時地熔融
、分解等,而設計性受損。
另一方面,由於若依據專利文獻2記載的方法,則無密封表皮材的背側之需要,而雖不會產生如上述專利文獻1般的問題,但由於有藉由加熱裝置或經保溫的縫製針而使縫製處熔融需要,而變得需要高度的溫度管理,有製造裝置及製造步驟複雜化,且變得成本高這樣的問題。
於是,本發明是以提供一種片狀成形體、以及具有該片狀成形體及發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之積層體作為課題;該片狀成形體係能夠以便宜且簡易的方法來製造,設計性並不會經時地受損,且能夠在襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之際防止原料等從縫製處流出。
即,本發明之第1態樣為一種對片狀物施行縫製加工而成的片狀成形體,係在上述在縫製加工的至少一部分,使用包含含有線用樹脂之線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的線。
在本發明中,構成上述線用樹脂組成物的線用樹脂係較佳為以聚酯及耐綸作為主成分者。在本發明中,所謂線用樹脂「以耐綸及聚酯作為主成分」係意味著相對於線用樹脂100質量%,線用樹脂所含之耐綸成分及聚酯成分的合計為80質量%以上。
在本發明中,上述線用樹脂較佳為含有50質量%以上熔點為200℃以下的耐綸。
在本發明中,亦可於上述片狀物的至少一面熔融黏著有上述線。
在本發明中,上述片狀物亦可為以片用樹脂組成物作為主成分者。在本發明中,所謂片狀物「以片用樹脂組成物作為主成分」係意味著相對於該片狀物100質量%,而片狀物含有80質量%以上片用樹脂組成物。
在本發明中,上述片用樹脂組成物為粉體成形用樹脂組成物,且上述片狀物亦可為將上述粉體成形用樹脂組成物予以粉末凝塑成形而成者。
較佳為上述粉體成形用樹脂組成物包含選自以下群組的至少1種者,而該群組係包含含有氯乙烯樹脂的氯乙烯樹脂組成物、含有胺基甲酸酯樹脂的胺基甲酸酯樹脂組成物,以及含有烯烴樹脂的烯烴樹脂組成物。
在本發明中,較佳為上述粉體成形用樹脂組成物係上述氯乙烯樹脂組成物。
在本發明中,較佳為上述氯乙烯樹脂的平均聚合度係800~5000。
在本發明中,較佳為相對於上述氯乙烯樹脂100質量份,而上述粉體成形用樹脂組成物包含30~200質量份塑化劑。
在本發明中,較佳為上述縫製加工係使用上線及下線來施行,且上述上線及上述下線之中,至少上述下線係包含含有上述線用樹脂之上述線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的上述線。再者,此處所謂之「上線」係指,在設置了有關本發明之第1態樣的片狀成形體或有關後述本發明之第2態樣的積層體之際,被配置於設計面(從外部可見的面,以下相同。)側的線;而「下線」
係指,在設置了有關本發明之第1態樣的片狀成形體或有關後述本發明之第2態樣的積層體之際,被配置於與設計面相反側的線。
本發明之第2態樣為一種積層體,其係具有有關上述本發明之第1態樣的片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體。
有關本發明之第2態樣的積層體係可作為汽車儀表板用積層體而較佳地使用。
若依據本發明,則能夠提供一種片狀成形體、以及具有該片狀成形體及發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層的積層體,而該片狀成形體係能夠以便宜且簡易的方法來製造,設計性並不會經時地受損,並且能夠防止於襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層之際從縫製處原料等的流出。
1‧‧‧片狀成形體
2‧‧‧片狀物
3‧‧‧線
3a‧‧‧上線
3b‧‧‧下線
4‧‧‧發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體(發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層)
5‧‧‧基材
6‧‧‧凹槽
7‧‧‧縫製處
10‧‧‧積層體
第1圖係有關本發明一實施形態之積層體10的立體圖。
第2圖係有關本發明一實施形態之積層體10的縫製處的截面圖,且為沿著在第1圖以II-II表示之線的截面圖。
以下,針對本發明之實施的形態進行說明。再者,於以下顯示的形態為本發明的例示,本發明並未被限定於以下顯示的形態。又,以下顯示之圖中,有省略、或誇張一部份的構件而顯示的狀況。
<片狀成形體及積層體>
本發明片狀成形體是對片狀物施行縫製加工而成,且在縫製加工的至少一部分使用包含含有線用樹脂之線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的線。又,本發明之積層體係具有:包含該片狀成形體的表皮層,與包含發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層。
以下,針對有關本發明一實施形態的片狀成形體及積層體,一面參照第1圖、第2圖一面進行說明。
第1圖係有關本發明一實施形態之積層體10的立體圖。第2圖係沿著在第1圖以II-II表示的線之積層體10的截面圖。在第2圖則於截面圖之中,注目於包含重複構造構造的一部分,而省略其兩端部。
如於第1圖所示般,積層體10具有片狀成形體1、發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體4,及基材5按此順序來積層的構造,而該片狀成形體1係使用線3對片狀物2施行縫製加工(針趾S)而成。又,對積層體10來說,以賦予包含片狀物1的表皮材彼此係如同被縫合般的美感之目的,而沿著針趾S形成有凹槽6。如於第2圖的截面圖所示般,線3係包含上線3a及下線3b,而針趾S係藉由使用了該上線3a及下線3b的雙線連鎖縫法(lockstitch)方式來對片狀物2施行。如於第2圖所示般,在積層體10中,上線3a係構成積層體10之設計面(係指於設置了積層體之際從外部可見的面。以下相同。)的一部分,係發揮提高積層體10之設計性的作用。另一方面,下線3b通常不會從外部被看見,被配置於積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體4之側,而在積層
發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體4之際,對於防止原料等從縫製處7流出發揮主要的作用。
<片狀物>
本發明之片狀物,係作為汽車用的儀表板、扶手箱(console box)或者門飾板,或家具等住宅用內裝品等的表皮材來使用,是提高設計性或商品性的構件。
本發明中使用之片狀物的材質未被特別限定,但可舉出氯乙烯樹脂、熱塑性胺基甲酸酯樹脂、熱塑性烯烴樹脂等樹脂,或者皮革等。在片狀物為樹脂製的形態中,相對於該片狀物100質量%,片狀物中所含之片用樹脂組成物的量係較佳為80質量%以上,更佳為85質量%以上,進一步較佳為90質量%以上,特佳為100質量%。
片用樹脂組成物若能夠成形為片狀之樹脂組成物,則未被特別限定,但從成型加工性優良、石油依賴低且環境負荷小這樣的觀點來看,較佳為粉體成形用樹脂組成物,片狀物較佳為將該粉體成形用樹脂組成物予以粉末凝塑成形而獲得者。就粉體成形用樹脂組成物而言,可舉出含有氯乙烯樹脂(PVC)之氯乙烯樹脂組成物、含有胺基甲酸酯樹脂(較佳為熱塑性胺基甲酸酯樹脂(TPU))的胺基甲酸酯樹脂組成物、含有烯烴樹脂(較佳為熱塑性烯烴樹脂(TPO))烯烴樹脂組成物等;其中,較佳使用氯乙烯樹脂組成物。以下,將作為粉體成形用樹脂組成物而使用的氯乙烯樹脂組成物稱為「粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物」。
粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物所含有之氯乙烯樹脂(a),係較佳為包含平均聚合度為800~5000的氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)。構成該氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)的氯乙烯樹脂較佳為除了氯乙烯的同聚物以外,還包含含有氯乙烯單元50質量%以上,更佳為70質量%以上的共聚物。氯乙烯共聚物之共聚單體的具體例為:乙烯、丙烯等烯烴類;烯丙氯、偏二氯乙烯、氟乙烯、三氟氯乙烯等鹵化烯烴類;乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯等羧酸乙烯酯類;異丁基乙烯基醚、鯨蠟基乙烯基醚等乙烯基醚類;烯丙基-3-氯-2-氧基丙基醚、烯丙基縮水甘油基醚等烯丙基醚類;丙烯酸、馬來酸、伊康酸、丙烯酸-2-羥乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、馬來酸單甲酯、馬來酸二乙酯、馬來酸酐等不飽和羧酸、其酯或其酸酐類;丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等不飽和腈類;丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、丙烯醯胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、(甲基)丙烯醯胺基丙基三甲基氯化銨等丙烯醯胺類;烯丙胺安息香酸鹽、二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨等烯丙胺及其衍生物類等。於以上所例示之單體僅為能夠與氯乙烯共聚合之單體的一部分,可使用在近畿化學協會乙烯基小組委員會編「聚氯乙烯」日刊工業報社(1988年)第75~104頁所例示的各種單體。能夠使用該等單體的1種或2種以上。構成上述氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)之氯乙烯樹脂亦包含:在乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、氯化聚乙烯等樹脂,接枝聚合有(1)氯乙烯或者(2)氯乙烯與上述之可共聚合之單體的樹脂。
構成上述氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)的氯乙烯樹脂亦能夠藉由懸浮聚合法、乳化聚合法、溶液聚合法、塊狀聚合法等過去以來已知的任一製造法來製造。特佳為藉由懸浮聚合法所製造出的氯乙烯樹脂。
上述氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)的平均聚合度較佳為800~5000,更佳為800~3000,進一步較佳為800~2000。再者,平均聚合度是依據JIS K 6720-2所測定。
上述氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)的平均粒徑未被特別限定。該平均粒徑較佳為50μm以上500μm以下,更佳為50μm以上250μm以下,進一步較佳為100μm以上200μm以下。若氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)的平均粒徑為上述範圍,則粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物的粉體流動性提升,且將上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物予以粉體成形而成之氯乙烯樹脂成形體的平滑性會提升。再者,平均粒徑是依據JIS Z8801所規定之藉由JIS標準篩進行的篩分法所測定。
氯乙烯樹脂(a)能夠因應需要而含有氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)。氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)是作為使粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物的粉體流動性提升的防黏著劑(dusting agent)發揮功能。
構成上述氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)的氯乙烯樹脂,亦能夠藉由懸浮聚合法、乳化聚合法、溶液聚合法、塊狀聚合法等過去以來已知的任一製造法所製造。特佳為藉由乳化聚合法所製造出的氯乙烯樹脂。
構成上述氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)的氯乙烯樹
脂之較佳的平均聚合度為500~5000,更佳的該平均聚合度為600~3000,進一步較佳的平均聚合度為700~2500。再者,平均聚合度是依據JIS K 6720-2所測定。
較佳為上述氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)的平均粒徑為0.1μm以上10μm以下。這是因為粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物的粉體流動性會提升。再者,平均粒徑是依據JIS Z8825,使用例如島津製作所(股)製「SALD-2300」而藉由雷射繞射法所測定。
上述氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量%中之氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)的含量,係較佳為0~30質量%,更佳為1~30質量%,進一步較佳為5~25質量%,特佳為8~20質量%。若上述氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)的含量為上述範圍,則粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物的粉體流動性良好。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物較佳含有塑化劑。塑化劑的具體例為:偏苯三甲酸三正己酯、偏苯三甲酸三正庚酯、偏苯三甲酸三正辛酯、偏苯三甲酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、偏苯三甲酸三正壬酯、偏苯三甲酸三正癸酯、偏苯三甲酸三異癸酯、偏苯三甲酸三正十一烷基酯、偏苯三甲酸三正十二烷基酯、偏苯三甲酸三正烷基(烷基的碳數為6~12的混合)酯、偏苯三甲酸三烷基(烷基的碳數為8~10的混合)酯、偏苯三甲酸三正烷基(烷基的碳數為8~10的混合)酯等偏苯三甲酸酯;苯均四酸四正己酯、苯均四酸四正庚酯、苯均四酸四正辛酯、苯均四酸四(2-乙基己基)酯、苯均四酸四正壬酯、苯均四酸四正癸酯、苯均四酸四異癸酯、苯均四酸四正十一烷基
酯、苯均四酸四正十二烷基酯、苯均四酸四正烷基(烷基的碳數為6~12的混合)酯等苯均四酸酯塑化劑;環氧化大豆油、環氧化亞麻仁油等環氧化植物油;苯二甲酸二甲酯、苯二甲酸二乙酯、苯二甲酸二丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)苯二甲酸酯、苯二甲酸二正辛酯、苯二甲酸二異丁酯、苯二甲酸二庚酯、苯二甲酸二苯酯、苯二甲酸二異癸酯、苯二甲酸二(十三烷基)酯、苯二甲酸二(十一烷基)酯、苯二甲酸二苯甲基酯、苯二甲酸丁基苯甲基酯、苯二甲酸二壬酯、苯二甲酸二環己酯等苯二甲酸衍生物;間苯二甲酸二甲酯、二(2-乙基己基)間苯二甲酸酯、間苯二甲酸二異辛酯等間苯二甲酸衍生物;二(2-乙基己基)四氫苯二甲酸酯、四氫苯二甲酸二正辛酯、四氫苯二甲酸二異癸酯等四氫苯二甲酸衍生物;己二酸二正丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)己二酸酯、己二酸二異癸酯、己二酸二異壬酯等已二酸衍生物;二(2-乙基己基)壬二酸酯、壬二酸二異辛酯、壬二酸二正己酯等壬二酸衍生物;癸二酸二正丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)癸二酸酯、癸二酸二異癸酯、二(2-丁基辛基)癸二酸酯等癸二酸衍生物;馬來酸二正丁酯、馬來酸二甲酯、馬來酸二乙酯、二(2-乙基己基)馬來酸酯等馬來酸衍生物;延胡索酸二正丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)延胡索酸酯等延胡索酸衍生物;檸檬酸三乙酯、檸檬酸三正丁酯、檸檬酸乙醯基三乙酯、乙醯基三(2-乙基己基)檸檬酸酯等檸檬酸衍生物;伊康酸單甲酯、伊康酸單丁酯、伊康酸二甲酯、伊康酸二乙酯、伊康酸二丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)伊康酸酯等伊康酸衍生物;油酸丁酯、單油
酸甘油基酯(glyceryl monooleate)、二乙二醇單油酸酯等油酸衍生物;蓖麻油酸甲基乙醯基酯、蓖麻油酸丁基乙醯基酯、單蓖麻油酸甘油基酯、二乙二醇單蓖麻油酸酯等蓖麻油酸衍生物;硬脂酸正丁酯、二乙二醇二硬脂酸酯等硬脂酸衍生物;二乙二醇單月桂酸酯、二乙二醇二壬酸酯、新戊四醇脂肪酸酯等其他的脂肪酸衍生物;磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯、磷酸三丁氧基乙酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸甲苯酚基二苯酯(cresyl diphenyl phosphate)、磷酸三甲苯酚基酯、磷酸三(二甲苯基)酯(trixylenyl phosphate)、磷酸參(氯乙基)酯等磷酸衍生物;二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯、二丙二醇二苯甲酸酯、三乙二醇二苯甲酸酯、三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、二丁基亞甲基雙巰基乙醇酸酯等二醇衍生物;單乙酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、三丁酸甘油酯等甘油衍生物;環氧六氫苯二甲酸二異癸酯、環氧三酸甘油酯、環氧化油酸辛酯、環氧化油酸癸酯等環氧衍生物;已二酸系聚酯、癸二酸系聚酯、苯二甲酸系聚酯等聚酯系塑化劑等所謂的一次塑化劑;以及氯化石蠟、三乙二醇二辛酸酯等二醇的脂肪酸酯、環氧硬脂酸丁酯、油酸苯酯、二氫松脂酸甲酯等所謂的二次塑化劑等。可使用1種或2種以上的塑化劑。當使用二次塑化劑時,較佳為併用和其等質量以上的一次塑化劑。
上述塑化劑相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份之較佳的含量為30~200質量份,更佳的含量為60~170質量份,進一步較佳的含量為90~160質量份。若上述塑
化劑的含量在上述範圍,則上述塑化劑會被氯乙烯樹脂(a)良好地吸收,粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物的粉體成形性變得良好。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物亦可含有過氯酸處理過的水滑石作為穩定劑。過氯酸處理過的水滑石,係例如能夠藉由下述而容易地製造:將水滑石加入過氯酸的稀釋水溶液中並攪拌,其後因應需要藉由過濾、脫水或乾燥,而水滑石中的碳酸陰離子(CO3 2-)的至少一部分被過氯酸陰離子(ClO4 -)取代(過氯酸陰離子2莫耳取代碳酸陰離子每1莫耳)。上述水滑石與上述過氯酸的莫耳比可任意地設定,但一般來說相對於水滑石1莫耳,過氯酸為0.1~2莫耳。
未處理(未取代)的水滑石中之碳酸陰離子往過氯酸陰離子的取代率,較佳為50莫耳%以上,更佳為70莫耳%以上,進一步較佳85莫耳%以上。又,未處理(未取代)的水滑石中碳酸陰離子往過氯酸陰離子的取代率,較佳為95莫耳%以下。
水滑石是以通式[Mg1-xAlx(OH)2]x+[(CO3)x/2‧mH2O]x-所表示的非化學計量化合物,為具有包含帶正電的基本層[Mg1-xAlx(OH)2]x+,與带負電的中間層[(CO3)x/2‧mH2O]x-之層狀結晶構造的無機物質。於此處,x為大於0且0.33以下之範圍的數。天然的水滑石為Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3‧4H2O。有市售經合成的水滑石Mg4.5A12(OH)13CO3‧3.5H2O。合成水滑石的合成方法記載於日本特開昭61-174270號公報。
過氯酸處理過的水滑石相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份之較佳的含量為0.5~7質量份,更佳的含量為1~6質量份,進一步較佳的含量為1.5~5.5質量份。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物可含有沸石作為穩定劑。沸石係以通式Mx/n‧[(AlO2)x‧(SiO2)y]‧zH2O(式中的M為原子價n的金屬離子,x+y為每個單位晶格(unit lattice)的四面體數,z為水的莫耳數)所表示者,就該式中之M的種類而言,可舉出Na、Li、Ca、Mg、Zn等一價或二價的金屬及該等的混合型。
沸石的含量未被限定於特定的範圍。較佳的該含量係相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份,而為0.1~5質量份。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物亦可含有脂肪酸金屬鹽作為穩定劑。較佳的脂肪酸金屬鹽為一價脂肪酸金屬鹽,更佳的脂肪酸金屬鹽為碳數12以上24以下的一價脂肪酸金屬鹽,進一步較佳的脂肪酸金屬鹽為碳數15以上21以下的一價脂肪酸金屬鹽。脂肪酸金屬鹽的具體例為:硬脂酸鋰、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鋁、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鍶、硬脂酸鋇、硬脂酸鋅、月桂酸鈣、月桂酸鋇、月桂酸鋅、2-乙基己酸鋇、2-乙基己酸鋅、蓖麻油酸鋇、蓖麻油酸鋅(zinc ricinoleate)等。就構成脂肪酸金屬鹽的金屬而言,較佳為能生成多價陽離子的金屬,更佳為能生成2價陽離子的金屬,進一步較佳為能夠生成周期表第3周期~第6周期之2價陽離子的金屬,特佳為能夠生成周期表第4周期之2價陽離子的金屬。最佳的脂肪
酸金屬鹽為硬脂酸鋅。
脂肪酸金屬鹽相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份之較佳的含量為0.05~5質量份,更佳為0.1~1質量份,進一步較佳為0.1~0.5質量份。若脂肪酸金屬鹽的含量為上述範圍,則可縮小將粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物予以粉體成形而成之片狀物的色差之值。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物能夠含有氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2)以外的防黏著劑(以下,有時稱為「其他的防黏著劑」。)。其他的防黏著劑的具體例為:碳酸鈣、滑石、氧化鋁等無機微粒子;聚丙烯腈樹脂微粒子、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂微粒子、聚苯乙烯樹脂微粒子、聚乙烯樹脂微粒子、聚丙烯樹脂微粒子、聚酯樹脂微粒子、聚醯胺樹脂微粒子等有機微粒子。其中,較佳為平均粒徑為10nm以上100nm以下的無機微粒子。
其他的防黏著劑的含量未被限定於特定的範圍。該含量係較佳為相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份,而為20質量份以下,進一步較佳為10質量份以下。
上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物能夠含有:著色劑、耐衝擊性改良劑、過氯酸處理過的水滑石以外的過氯酸化合物(過氯酸鈉、過氯酸鉀等)、抗氧化劑、防黴劑、阻燃劑、抗靜電劑、填充劑、紫外線吸收劑等光穩定劑、發泡劑、β-二酮類等其他的添加劑。
著色劑的具體例為:喹吖酮系顏料、苝系顏料、多偶氮縮合顏料、異吲哚啉酮系顏料、銅酞青系顏料、鈦白、碳黑。使用1種或2種以上的顏料。喹吖酮系
顏料係以濃硫酸處理二鄰胺苯甲酸對苯酯類而獲得,顯示帶黃色的紅色到帶紅色的紫色的色相。喹吖酮系顏料的具體例為:喹吖酮紅、喹吖酮品紅、喹吖酮紫。苝系顏料係藉由苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸酐與芳香族一級胺的縮合反應所獲得,顯示從紅色到紫紅色、茶色的色相。苝系顏料的具體例為:苝紅、苝橙、苝栗色(perylene maroon)、苝朱紅(perylene vermilion)、苝棗紅(perylene Bordeaux)。多偶氮縮合顏料係偶氮色素在溶劑中被縮合而被高分子量化所獲得,顯示黃色、紅色系顏料的色相。多偶氮縮合顏料的具體例為:多偶氮紅、多偶氮黃、克勞莫夫塔爾橙(Cromophtal Orange)、克勞莫夫塔爾紅、克勞莫夫塔爾猩紅。異吲哚啉酮系顏料係藉由4,5,6,7-四氯異吲哚啉酮與芳香族一級二胺的縮合反應獲得,顯示從帶綠色的黃色到紅色、褐色的色相。異吲哚啉酮系顏料的具體例為:異吲哚啉酮黃。銅酞青系顏料係在酞青素類配位有銅的顏料,且顯示帶黃色的綠色到亮藍色的色相。銅酞青系顏料的具體例為:酞菁綠、酞菁藍。鈦白為包含二氧化鈦的白色顏料,遮蔽力大,且有銳鈦礦型與金紅石型。碳黑係以碳為主成分,並包含氧、氫、氮的黑色顏料。碳黑的具體例為:熱碳黑、乙炔黑、槽製碳黑、爐法碳黑、燈黑、骨黑。
耐衝擊性改良劑的具體例為:丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯磺化聚乙烯等。可使用1種或2種以上的耐衝擊性改良劑。耐衝擊性
改良劑係在粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物中成為微細的彈性粒子的不均勻相而分散。當上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物含有氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)時,已接枝聚合在該彈性粒子的鏈及極性基會與氯乙烯樹脂粒子(a1)相溶,且片狀物的耐衝撃性提升。
抗氧化劑的具體例為:酚系抗氧化劑、硫系抗氧化劑、磷系抗氧化劑等。
防黴劑的具體例為:脂肪族酯系防黴劑、烴系防黴劑、有機氮系防黴劑、有機氮硫系防黴劑等。
阻燃劑的具體例為:氯化石蠟等鹵素系阻燃劑;磷酸酯等磷系阻燃劑;氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁等無機氫氧化物等。
抗靜電劑的具體例為:脂肪酸鹽類、高級醇硫酸酯類、磺酸鹽類等陰離子系抗靜電劑;脂肪族胺鹽類、第四級銨鹽類的陽離子系抗靜電劑;聚氧乙烯烷基醚類、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚類等非離子系抗靜電劑等。
填充劑的具體例為:氧化矽、滑石、雲母、碳酸鈣、黏土等。
光穩定劑的具體例為:苯并三唑系、二苯甲酮系、鎳螫合物系等紫外線吸收劑;受阻胺系光穩定劑等。
發泡劑的具體例為:偶氮二甲醯胺、偶氮雙異丁腈等偶氮化合物;N,N'-二亞硝基五亞甲基四胺等亞硝基化合物;p-甲苯磺醯肼(p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide)、p,p-氧基雙(苯磺醯肼)(p,p-oxybis(benzensulfonyl hydrazide))等磺醯肼化合物等有機發泡劑;氟氯烷氣體
、碳酸氣、水、戊烷等揮發性烴化合物;內含該等之微膠囊等氣體系的發泡劑等。
β-二酮類係能夠為了更有效地抑制將上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物予以粉體成形所獲得之片狀物的初期色調的變動,而作為穩定劑使用。β-二酮類的具體例為:二苯甲醯基甲烷、硬脂醯基苯甲醯基甲烷、棕櫚醯基苯甲醯基甲烷等。該等β-二酮類可使用1種,亦可組合2種以上而使用。
β-二酮類的含量未被限定於特定的範圍。較佳的該含量係相對於氯乙烯樹脂(a)100質量份而為0.1~5質量份。
氯乙烯樹脂(a)及因應需要所添加之添加劑的混合方法未被限定。較佳的混合方法為:藉由乾摻而混合除了塑化劑及防黏著劑(氯乙烯樹脂微粒子(a2))以外的成分,然後依次混合塑化劑、防黏著劑的方法。乾摻混中,較佳為亨舍爾混合機(Henschel mixer)的使用。又,乾摻混時的溫度較佳為50~100℃,更佳為70~80℃。
本發明之片狀成形體及積層體所具備的片狀物,係較佳為將上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物予以粉體成形,更佳為將上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物予以粉末凝塑成形而獲得。粉末凝塑成形時的模具溫度較佳為200℃以上300℃以下,更佳為220℃以上280℃以下。上述片狀物可藉由下述而適宜地獲得:將上述粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物灑在上述溫度範圍的模具並放置5秒以上30秒以下,然後抖落剩餘的該組成物,進一步
放置30秒以上3分鐘以下之後,將模具冷卻至10℃以上60℃以下,並從模具脫模。再者,上述片狀物係可作為汽車用儀表板或儀表板以外的汽車內飾材料,例如門飾板等的表皮而適宜地使用。
上述片狀物的厚度未被限定於特定範圍。較佳該的厚度為100μm~3mm,進一步較佳的該厚度為500μm~2mm,特佳的該厚度為800μm~1.5mm。
<線>
在本發明中,在縫製加工的至少一部分,係使用包含含有線用樹脂之線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的線。再者,線的熔點是使用示差掃描熱卡計(DSC),以升溫速度10℃/分鐘、測定溫度範圍30~300℃、試料量2mg,在氮氣體環境下所測定,將面積最大的吸熱峰之出現溫度當作熔點。
從對線施加熱時之加熱熔融加工性的觀點來看,於本發明使用之線的熔點較佳為200℃以下,更佳為180℃以下,進一步較佳為170℃以下。另一方面,從縫製加工性與耐熱老化性的觀點來看,線的熔點較佳為30℃以上,更佳為60℃以上,進一步較佳為90℃以上。
構成於本發明使用之線的線用樹脂組成物,係較佳為以線用樹脂作為主成分。即,構成線用樹脂組成物之線用樹脂的含量係相對於線用樹脂組成物100質量%為80質量%以上,較佳為85質量%以上,更佳為90質量%以上,進一步較佳為100質量%。就線用樹脂組成物之其他的構成要素而言,在不損及本發明效果的範圍,
亦可添加成為消光劑的二氧化鈦、作為潤滑劑(lubricant)的氧化矽或氧化鋁的微粒子、作為抗氧化劑之受阻酚衍生物,以及著色顏料等其他的添加劑。就其他的添加劑的含量而言,係較佳為相對於線用樹脂組成物100質量%,而為20質量%以下。
於本發明使用之線用樹脂,若為能夠成形為線狀的樹脂,則未被特別限定,但較佳為以耐綸及聚酯作為主成分。即,構成線用樹脂之耐綸成分及聚酯成分的合計係較佳為相對於線用樹脂100質量%而為80質量%以上,更佳為85質量%以上,進一步較佳為90質量%以上,特佳為100質量%。由於線用樹脂以耐綸及聚酯作為主成分,而變得容易滿足上述線的熔點範圍,在片狀成形體襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之際,變得容易防止原料等從縫製處流出。
再者,於本發明使用之線用樹脂,可為耐綸與聚酯的混合物,亦可為耐綸與聚酯的聚合物合金(polymer alloy)。
當線用樹脂包含耐綸時,線用樹脂較佳含有熔點為200℃以下的耐綸。於線用樹脂所含之熔點為200℃以下的耐綸的含量,係較佳為相對於線用樹脂100質量%而為50質量%以上,更佳為65質量%以上,進一步較佳為80質量%以上,特佳為85質量%以上。因為於線用樹脂所含之熔點為200℃以下的耐綸的含量為上述下限值以上,而變得容易滿足上述線的熔點範圍,在片狀成形體襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之際變得易防止原料
等從縫製處流出。
又,較佳為一面滿足上述含量,並且於線用樹脂所含之耐綸的熔點為200℃以下,更佳為180℃以下,進一步較佳為170℃以下。另一方面,從縫製加工性與耐熱老化性的觀點來看,於線用樹脂所含之耐綸的熔點較佳為30℃以上,更佳為60℃以上,進一步較佳為90℃以上。
當線用樹脂包含聚酯時,於線用樹脂所含之聚酯的含量,係較佳為相對於線用樹脂100質量%而為50質量%以下,更佳為35質量%以下,進一步較佳為20質量%以下,特佳為15質量%以下。
於本發明使用之線的纖度(fineness)較佳為500dtex以上,更佳為800dtex以上,進一步較佳為900dtex以上,特佳為1000dtex以上。再者,所謂於此處稱之纖度是意味作為線的綜合纖度,而其為單紗或是包含2條以上之單紗的併線紗(paralleled yarn)或撚紗(twist yarn)皆可。由於線的纖度為上述下限值以上,而在片狀成形體襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之際,變得易防止原料等從縫製處流出。
如於第2圖例示般,當使用上線及下線來施行縫製加工時,只要至少在下線使用滿足上述條件的線即可。當僅於下線使用滿足上述條件的線時,上線的材料並未被特別限定,能夠使用迄今公知的線。
再者,從縫製加工後成形品設計性的觀點來看,較佳為上線及下線之任一者皆使用滿足上述條件的線。
若依據本發明,則由於藉由以耐綸及聚酯作
為主成分的線來進行縫製加工,而能夠在片狀成形體襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之際防止原料等從縫製處流出。因此,並非一定需要藉加熱等使線熔融黏著於片狀物,但亦可為線熔融黏著在片狀物的至少一面(至少是積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的面)。使線熔融黏著在片狀物的至少一面,並在該線熔融黏著著的面側襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體,藉此在襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之際,即便該線熔融黏著著的面側變得高壓的狀況,亦變得容易防止原料等從縫製處流出。
再者,第2圖中係例示了藉由使用有上線及下線的雙線連鎖縫法施行縫製加工的形態,但縫製加工的方法並非被限定於本形態,例如,亦可施行使用了1條線的單鏈式環縫。
<發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體>
於上述片狀成形體係有襯裡發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體。於片狀成形體積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的方法,可舉下述方法等:在分別製作了片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之後,藉由熱熔融黏著或是熱接著、或使用公知的接著劑等而貼合的方法;在片狀成形體上,使成為發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體之原料的異氰酸酯類與多元醇類等反應來進行聚合,並同時藉由公知的方法進行聚胺基甲酸酯的發泡,藉此而積層的方法。後者係由於步驟簡樸,且在獲得種種形狀之積層體時,亦能夠確實地進行片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的接著,因而較合適。再者,當藉由後者的方法,於片狀成
形體積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體時,較佳為在設計面之中,至少於縫製處(例如,第2圖的符號7)配置有覆蓋縫製處的構件。藉由至少配置有覆蓋縫製處的構件,而變得能夠進一步提高防止聚胺基甲酸酯的原料等從縫製處流出的效果。覆蓋縫製處的構件若為按著縫製處之形狀者,則未被特別限定,只要是金屬製、樹脂製、木材製等即可。
若依據本發明,則藉由使用上述片狀成形體,藉由上述例示的任一方法,而即使在積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體時,亦能夠防止接著劑或發泡聚胺基甲酸酯的原料等從縫製處流出。
<基材>
在本發明中,亦可於發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體進一步有襯裡基材。可藉由具有基材,而提高積層體的剛性。於本發明使用之基材並未被特別限定,可使用金屬製、合成樹脂性等公知的材料。積層基材的方法並未被特別限定,但可舉下述方法等:在分別製作了片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體的積層體,以及基材之後,藉由熱熔融黏著或是熱接著、或使用公知的接著劑等而貼合的方法;在片狀成形體與基材之間藉由上述公知的方法進行聚胺基甲酸酯的發泡的方法。後者係由於步驟簡樸,且在獲得種種形狀的積層體時,亦能夠確實地進行發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體與基材的接著,因而較合適。
於以下,藉著實施例進一步詳細地說明本發
明,但本發明並非被限定於實施例者。再者,於此處使用之「份」及「%」若無特別說明,則為質量基準。
<胺基甲酸酯洩漏確認評價>
如後述說明地進行,製作了於片狀物使用指定的線施行有縫製加工的片狀成形體,以及在片狀成形體積層發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體而成的積層體。計數各條件的針趾數量,以目視確認了胺基甲酸酯是從其中幾處有洩漏。於此處,所謂「胺基甲酸酯洩漏」是指從設計面的針趾部可看見胺基甲酸酯。將發生此胺基甲酸酯洩漏的針趾數量除以總針趾數量,求出胺基甲酸酯洩漏發生比例。將結果顯示於表2。
<片狀成形體、及積層體的製作>
(實施例1)
將於表1顯示之摻合成分之中除了塑化劑及防黏著劑以外的成分置入亨舍爾混合機來混合,在混合物的溫度上升到80℃的時間點添加塑化劑後,進行乾涸(dry-up)(指塑化劑被氯乙烯樹脂粒子吸收而上述混合物變成乾爽的狀態。),然後在混合物被冷卻至70℃以下的時間點,添加為防黏著劑之乳化聚合氯乙烯樹脂,調製了粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物。
將粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物灑在已加熱至250℃之附有壓紋的模具,放置以使氯乙烯樹脂成形片的厚度成為1mm之方式調整過的時間(具體而言為8~18秒)並使其熔融之後,抖落剩餘的粉體成形用氯乙烯樹脂組成物,靜置於已設定於200℃的烘箱,然後在經過了60
秒的時間點藉由水而冷卻模具,在模具溫度被冷卻至40℃的時間點,將150mm×200mm×1mm厚的氯乙烯樹脂成形片(以下,稱為為片狀物」。)從模具脫模。
對片狀物施行了縫製加工。使用的縫紉機為JUKI公司製LU-2860-7。縫製線使用了上線:大貫纖維(股)製ACE CROWN車輛用# 5(聚酯100%;熔點249℃),下線:Fujix(股)製Melter No.3(耐綸85%、聚酯15%;熔點114℃、纖度1160dtex)。以針趾間隔為3針趾/cm、速度為3.3針趾/sec來縫製了9~10cm左右的長度。將其在相同的片狀物上縫製加工2條,製作了有關實施例1之片狀成形體。
接著,在200mm×300mm×10mm的模具之下,放置250mm×340mm×2mm的鋁板,將所獲得之片狀成形體2片,以附有壓紋的面成為蓋側的方式排列在348mm×255mm×10mm之模具的蓋,並分別暫時固定,將包含丙二醇的PO‧EO嵌段加成物(羥值28、末端EO單位的含量10%、內部EO單位的含量4%)50質量份、甘油的PO‧EO嵌段加成物(羥值21、末端EO單位的含量14%)50質量份、水2.5質量份、三乙二胺的乙二醇溶液(Tosoh(股)製,商品名:「TEDA-L33」)0.2質量份、三乙醇胺1.2質量份、三乙胺0.5質量份及整泡劑(信越化學工業(股)製,商品名:「F-122」)0.5質量份的多元醇混合物,與聚亞甲基聚伸苯基聚異氰酸酯(聚合MDI),以指數成為98的比率進行混合來製作混合液,將其注入模具,並以將上述片狀成形體暫時固定有的蓋來密閉了模具。5分鐘後
,將有關實施例1之積層體從模具取出,該積層體係於包含1mm厚之片狀成形體的表皮,有9mm厚‧密度0.18g/cm3的發泡聚胺基甲酸酯及上述鋁板按這個順序襯裡的試料。
(實施例2)
除了對片狀物施行3條的縫製加工,並由施行了該縫製加工之片狀物的背面,按壓已加熱至100℃的家庭用熨斗30秒而使下線熔融黏著了以外,係與實施例1同樣地進行來製作了實施例2涉及之片狀成形體及積層體。
(比較例1)
除了使用大貫纖維(股)製ACE CROWN車輛用# 8(聚酯100%;熔點249℃)作為在縫製加工使用的下線,並對片狀物施行了3條的縫製加工以外,係與實施例1同樣地進行來製作了比較例1涉及之片狀成形體及積層體。
如於表2所示般,在實施例1、2涉及之積層體來說,在針趾部分未發生胺基甲酸酯洩漏。另一方面,在使用了熔點超過200℃的線作為下線的比較例1涉及之積層體來說,在總針趾半數以上的針趾中發生了胺基甲酸酯洩漏。
1‧‧‧片狀成形體
2‧‧‧片狀物
3‧‧‧線
3a‧‧‧上線
3b‧‧‧下線
4‧‧‧發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體(發泡聚胺基甲酸酯層)
5‧‧‧基材
7‧‧‧縫製處
10‧‧‧積層體
Claims (13)
- 一種片狀成形體,其係對片狀物施行縫製加工而成的片狀成形體,而於該縫製加工的至少一部分使用包含含有線用樹脂之線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的線。
- 如請求項1之片狀成形體,其中該線用樹脂係以聚酯及耐綸作為主成分者。
- 如請求項1或2之片狀成形體,其中該線用樹脂含有50質量%以上熔點為200℃以下的耐綸。
- 如請求項1或2之片狀成形體,其中該線係熔融黏著於該片狀物的至少一面。
- 如請求項1或2之片狀成形體,其中該片狀物係以片用樹脂組成物作為主成分者。
- 如請求項5之片狀成形體,其中該片用樹脂組成物為粉體成形用樹脂組成物,且該片狀物為將前述粉體成形用樹脂組成物予以粉末凝塑成形而成者。
- 如請求項6之片狀成形體,其中該粉體成形用樹脂組成物係包含選自包含含有氯乙烯樹脂的氯乙烯樹脂組成物、含有胺基甲酸酯樹脂的胺基甲酸酯樹脂組成物,以及含有烯烴樹脂的烯烴樹脂組成物之群組的至少1種者。
- 如請求項7之片狀成形體,其中該粉體成形用樹脂組成物為該氯乙烯樹脂組成物。
- 如請求項7或8之片狀成形體,其中該氯乙烯樹脂的平 均聚合度為800~5000。
- 如請求項7或8之片狀成形體,其中相對於該氯乙烯樹脂100質量份,該粉體成形用樹脂組成物包含30~200質量份塑化劑。
- 如請求項1或2之片狀成形體,其中該縫製加工使用上線及下線來施行,且該上線及該下線之中,至少該下線係包含含有該線用樹脂之該線用樹脂組成物且熔點為200℃以下的該線。
- 一種積層體,其係具有如請求項1或2之片狀成形體與發泡聚胺基甲酸酯成形體。
- 如請求項12之積層體,其係汽車儀表板用積層體。
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