TW201522297A - 用於製備無異構體的前列腺素的方法和中間體 - Google Patents
用於製備無異構體的前列腺素的方法和中間體 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201522297A TW201522297A TW103122576A TW103122576A TW201522297A TW 201522297 A TW201522297 A TW 201522297A TW 103122576 A TW103122576 A TW 103122576A TW 103122576 A TW103122576 A TW 103122576A TW 201522297 A TW201522297 A TW 201522297A
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- alkyl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229940094443 oxytocics prostaglandins Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- -1 methoxythiomethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 89
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229960002368 travoprost Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
- MKPLKVHSHYCHOC-AHTXBMBWSA-N travoprost Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 MKPLKVHSHYCHOC-AHTXBMBWSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 29
- GGXICVAJURFBLW-CEYXHVGTSA-N latanoprost Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 GGXICVAJURFBLW-CEYXHVGTSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960001160 latanoprost Drugs 0.000 claims description 29
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical group CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960004458 tafluprost Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- WSNODXPBBALQOF-VEJSHDCNSA-N tafluprost Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\C(F)(F)COC1=CC=CC=C1 WSNODXPBBALQOF-VEJSHDCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XXUPXHKCPIKWLR-JHUOEJJVSA-N isopropyl unoprostone Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)CC[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(=O)OC(C)C XXUPXHKCPIKWLR-JHUOEJJVSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- 229950008081 unoprostone isopropyl Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960002470 bimatoprost Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- AQOKCDNYWBIDND-FTOWTWDKSA-N bimatoprost Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\[C@@H](O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 AQOKCDNYWBIDND-FTOWTWDKSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004953 trihalomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WWSWYXNVCBLWNZ-QIZQQNKQSA-N fluprostenol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)\C=C\[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)C[C@H]1O)C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O)OC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 WWSWYXNVCBLWNZ-QIZQQNKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007273 lactonization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960004317 unoprostone Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- TVHAZVBUYQMHBC-SNHXEXRGSA-N unoprostone Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)CC[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O TVHAZVBUYQMHBC-SNHXEXRGSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HNPFPERDNWXAGS-LZCJLJQNSA-N (e)-7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC(O)CCC1C(O)CC(O)C1C\C=C\CCCC(O)=O HNPFPERDNWXAGS-LZCJLJQNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004632 tetrahydrothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(CCCC1)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006701 (C1-C7) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQBSPSZMRYBLLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCCCCCCCCCl)(C)C Chemical compound CC(CCCCCCCCCCl)(C)C ZQBSPSZMRYBLLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WBQTXTBONIWRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)[O-] WBQTXTBONIWRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DHNDCDILJRGKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(CCCCCCCCCCl)(CC)CC Chemical compound C(C)C(CCCCCCCCCCl)(CC)CC DHNDCDILJRGKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OCLLYFSDSGMSDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC(C)C(C)(CCCCCCCC)Cl Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)C(C)(CCCCCCCC)Cl OCLLYFSDSGMSDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VJGGHXVGBSZVMZ-QIZQQNKQSA-N Cloprostenol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)\C=C\[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)C[C@H]1O)C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O)OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 VJGGHXVGBSZVMZ-QIZQQNKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIQXRQVVYTYYAZ-MTNCBHNASA-N Tafluprost free acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC\C=C/CC1C(O)CC(O)C1\C=C\C(F)(F)COC1=CC=CC=C1 KIQXRQVVYTYYAZ-MTNCBHNASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004409 cloprostenol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000686 lactone group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims 2
- GYWOIKAWJUDKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(Cl)(C)C)(CCCCCCCC)C Chemical group CC(C(Cl)(C)C)(CCCCCCCC)C GYWOIKAWJUDKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 359
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 129
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 86
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 69
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 55
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 50
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 49
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 43
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 42
- KPSZWAJWFMFMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-5-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=CCCCC(O)=O KPSZWAJWFMFMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 24
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 20
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl iodide Chemical compound CC(C)I FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 12
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- BZKFMUIJRXWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentenone Chemical compound O=C1CCC=C1 BZKFMUIJRXWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MLOSJPZSZWUDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carboxybutyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCCC(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLOSJPZSZWUDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HWLZQESIRAGTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(=O)OC2=C1 HWLZQESIRAGTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQADWIOXOXRPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dithiane Chemical compound C1CSCSC1 WQADWIOXOXRPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical compound C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Oxalate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006900 dealkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DICZUTMNXOMHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one Chemical compound C1CCC2OC(=O)CC21 DICZUTMNXOMHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940006138 antiglaucoma drug and miotics prostaglandin analogues Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002953 preparative HPLC Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KIQXRQVVYTYYAZ-VKVYFNERSA-N (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\C(F)(F)COC1=CC=CC=C1 KIQXRQVVYTYYAZ-VKVYFNERSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMLSAISZLJGWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dithiolane Chemical compound C1CSCS1 IMLSAISZLJGWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJJSZTJGFCFNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxathiolane Chemical compound C1CSCO1 WJJSZTJGFCFNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001661345 Moesziomyces antarcticus Species 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINSURQVAGNZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(C(C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1)=C1Cl)=O.Cl Chemical compound NC(C(C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1)=C1Cl)=O.Cl NINSURQVAGNZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000007073 chemical hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012351 deprotecting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004119 disulfanediyl group Chemical group *SS* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010930 lactamization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPFPERDNWXAGS-NFVOFSAMSA-N latanoprost free acid Chemical compound C([C@@H](O)CCC=1C=CC=CC=1)C[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O HNPFPERDNWXAGS-NFVOFSAMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JYMVSZGJZRQOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrobenzoyl) 4-nitrobenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JYMVSZGJZRQOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPMIAOSOTOODMY-KJAPKAAFSA-N (4r)-6-[(e)-2-[6-tert-butyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propan-2-ylpyridin-3-yl]ethenyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C1)C(=O)OC1/C=C/C=1C(C(C)C)=NC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VPMIAOSOTOODMY-KJAPKAAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZABQWJSUBWMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-methylsulfonylbutane Chemical group CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)S(C)(=O)=O VZABQWJSUBWMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTDNHYVEBIHJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1Cl PTDNHYVEBIHJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BNGPVKSKKYIJCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CN1CC[NH+](C)C1Cl BNGPVKSKKYIJCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABFPKTQEQNICFT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-chloro-1-methylpyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1Cl ABFPKTQEQNICFT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CJEAKKMNOSJYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)Cl CJEAKKMNOSJYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJBSTWJYAQXFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobutanoyl 2-chlorobutanoate Chemical compound CCC(Cl)C(=O)OC(=O)C(Cl)CC IJBSTWJYAQXFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004326 2H-pyran-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])(*)O1 0.000 description 1
- DLGUWNCNEGCFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxythiane Chemical compound COC1CCSCC1 DLGUWNCNEGCFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIYQWPDKLHFVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbenzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WIYQWPDKLHFVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQZYOCXYDKXQSI-ROQOMYSCSA-N C(/[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@H]1OC1OCCCC1)O)C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O)=C\C(F)(F)COc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(/[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@H]1OC1OCCCC1)O)C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O)=C\C(F)(F)COc1ccccc1 CQZYOCXYDKXQSI-ROQOMYSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZZUWKCNLCVPTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(C(CC)(CC)CC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound ClC(C(CC)(CC)CC)CCCCCCCC ZZUWKCNLCVPTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010030348 Open-Angle Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006859 Swern oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007239 Wittig reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BGNBJSPNSQDFIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC(=C(C(=O)OC(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])CF)=O)C=C1)CF Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC(=C(C(=O)OC(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])CF)=O)C=C1)CF BGNBJSPNSQDFIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEDZLBFUGJTJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].COCCO[AlH]OCCOC Chemical compound [Na].COCCO[AlH]OCCOC JEDZLBFUGJTJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUIAGKJNVWZBOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](=O)c1cccc(c1C(=O)OC(=O)c1c(cccc1[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)c1cccc(c1C(=O)OC(=O)c1c(cccc1[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O TUIAGKJNVWZBOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylidene(dichloro)ruthenium;tricyclohexylphosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-4-olide Chemical compound O=C1CC=CO1 RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUDOZULIAWNMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-hexenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC=C XUDOZULIAWNMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004410 intraocular pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ULWOJODHECIZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)C ULWOJODHECIZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006611 nonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;butan-1-olate Chemical group [K+].CCCC[O-] CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCNSAYQJDKJOLH-AHTXBMBWSA-N propan-2-yl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 OCNSAYQJDKJOLH-AHTXBMBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012419 sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000001585 trabecular meshwork Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by interreacting ester groups, i.e. transesterification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D313/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
- A61K31/5575—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a cyclopentane, e.g. prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C405/00—Compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having oxygen atoms directly attached to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly attached to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having oxygen atoms attached in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins ; Analogues or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C405/00—Compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having oxygen atoms directly attached to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly attached to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having oxygen atoms attached in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins ; Analogues or derivatives thereof
- C07C405/0008—Analogues having the carboxyl group in the side-chains replaced by other functional groups
- C07C405/0016—Analogues having the carboxyl group in the side-chains replaced by other functional groups containing only hydroxy, etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明提供用於製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式I-2化合物的新穎方法:
□
其中□、R2、R3和R4如說明書中所定義。本發明還提供用於製備無
異構體的前列腺素和其衍生物的新穎中間體。
Description
本發明涉及用於製備無異構體的前列腺素和其衍生物的新穎方法和中間體。
具有下式I-2的前列腺素酯類似物已用於處理開角型青光眼
其中是、或;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或
C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;且R4是C1-7-烷基,例如拉坦前列素(Latanoprost)、異丙基烏諾前列酮(Isopropyl unoprostone)、異丙基氯前列醇(Isopropyl cloprostenol)、曲伏前列素(Travoprost)和他氟前列素(Tafluprost)。已顯示式I-2前列腺素酯類似物可具有顯著大於母體化合物的降血壓潛能,這可能是由於其可更有效地穿透角膜。其通過促進葡萄膜鞏膜流出來降低眼內壓,且也可對小梁網產生一定影響。
如以下反應圖A中所示:
現有技術中(例如在WO02096898、EP1886992、EP2143712、JP2012246301、US6720438、US2008033176、WO2010097672和US7582779中)揭示的大部分式I-2前列腺素酯類似物是通過以下方式
來獲得:首先合成內酯VIII,其中是、或,或是羰
基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;且之後進行所述內酯的半還原以獲得內半縮醛VII,所述內半縮醛經歷威悌反應(Wittig reaction)以產生C5到C6構型的式IV-1順式-烯烴,然後所述烯烴轉化為式I-2前列腺素酯類似物。不論使用哪一種威悌試劑或溶劑或用於威悌反應的溫度為何,不可避免的是,將產生約2到10%式IV-1化合物的5,6-反式異構體。如果起始材料已含有痕量異構體(例如,15β-異構體或對映異構體),那麼所得式IV-1化合物將含有相應異構體。
如以下反應圖B中所示:
現有技術(例如WO02090324和US2009259058)中揭示的式I-2前列腺素酯類似物(例如拉坦前列素)的一些合成,涉及環戊烯酮VI’與ω-側鏈單元IX’共軛加成以獲得環戊酮V-2’,然後所述環戊酮經歷9-酮基還原以獲得經保護拉坦前列素IV-2’。然而,所述共軛加成無法避免痕量8β-異構體和12α-異構體的生成,也無法避免痕量9β-異構體的生成。另外,市售環戊烯酮VI’和ω-側鏈單元IX’極可能含有痕量對映異構體,且因此在反應圖B的反應中,可生成拉坦前列素的15β-異構體。此外,市售環戊烯酮VI’可含有痕量5,6-反式異構體,且因此在反應圖B的反應中,將產生拉坦前列素的5,6-反式異構體。
如以下反應圖C中所示:
WO2011008756揭示通過以下方式合成曲伏前列素:在格拉布催化劑(Grubb’s catalyst)存在下用環戊烷環進行閉環反應,並實施去保護和開環反應以獲得曲伏前列素。儘管WO2011008756提到,閉環反應可獲得在C5到C6具有“順式”構型的烯烴,但經本案發明人的研究後發現,WO2011008756中的閉環反應仍涉及一定量的5,6-反式異構體的生成。
拉坦前列素、異丙基烏諾前列酮、曲伏前列素和他氟前列素都不是固體,且其游離酸形式也不是固體。即使在反應圖A到C中顯示的所有過程中,具有所需掌性中心的中間體和所產生的烯烴都不會結晶。因而,不可能通過結晶移除異構體來純化所述前列腺素類似物或中間體。因此,幾乎不可能通過常用純化技術獲得任何呈油形式的無異構體式I-2前列腺素酯類似物。
儘管WO02096898和WO2011005505揭示通過製備型HPLC移除拉坦前列素的5,6-反式異構體和15-異構體的方法,且WO201109599揭示通過反相製備型HPLC移除拉坦前列素酸的異構體,但這些通過利用製備型HPLC移除異構體的純化方法成本高昂且不適合大量生產。
考慮到上述情況,作為活性醫藥成份或呈調配物產物形式的市售式I-2前列腺素酯類似物含有一定量的異構體,尤其是5,6-反式異構體。為了醫療安全和降低生產成本,本發明提供用於生產無異構體式I-2前列腺素酯類似物的較簡單方法,其中可在所述方法期間有效且容易地移除不需要的異構體、特別是5,6-反式異構體。
在一個方面中,本發明提供用於製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式I-2化合物的新穎方法:
其中是、或;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或
C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;且R4是C1-7-烷基。
在另一方面中,本發明提供用於製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV化合物的新穎方法:
其中是、或或羰基的保護基團;P1是羥基的保
護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;X是OH、OR4、NHR5或NR4R5,其中
R4是C1-7-烷基且R5是H或C1-7-烷基;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基取代。
在另一方面中,本發明提供用於製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式III化合物的新穎方法:
其中是、、或羰基的保護基團;P1是羥基的保
護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且
R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代。
在另一方面中,本發明提供用於製備高純度前列腺素或前列腺素類似物的新穎方法。
在另一方面中,本發明提供可用於產生高純度前列腺素或前列腺素類似物的新穎無異構體中間體以及新穎無異構體的前列腺素類似物。
式IV-1化合物的製備
式IV-1化合物
其中是、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代,所述化合物可根據反應圖1中所示的反應來製備:
如反應圖1的步驟(a)和步驟(b)中所示,式VIII內酯(其中是
、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;
是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代)以適宜還原劑(例如二異丁基氫化鋁(DIBAL))進行半還原反應,之後進行威悌反應以產生式IV-1化合物。由於使用不同溶劑、試劑、溫度等,所得對式IV-1化合物中C5-C6雙鍵的順式選擇性,將取決於威悌反應中涉及的溶劑、試劑、溫度和/或其它反應條件。然而,不管反應條件如何,不可避免的是,將產生約2-10% 5,6-反式異構體,且所述異構體是根據反應圖1製備式IV-1化合物的主要副產物。此
外,式VIII內酯(其中是)可含有痕量15β-異構體,因此將產
生根據反應圖1製備的式IV-1化合物的15β-異構體。大部分式VIII內酯是從常用市售寇里(Corey)內酯產生。市售寇里內酯含有痕量對映異構體,且從所述寇里內酯製備的式VIII內酯可含有痕量對映異構體。因而,在式IV-1化合物是根據反應圖1產生時,也將產生式IV-1化合物的伴隨對映異構體。
在反應圖1中,羥基的適宜保護基團(即P1和P2)包括(但不限於)甲氧基甲基、甲氧基硫代甲基、三級丁基硫代甲基、苯甲氧基甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、雙(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、四氫吡喃基、四氫硫代吡
喃基、4-甲氧基四氫吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫硫代吡喃基、四氫呋喃基、四氫硫代呋喃基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、三苯基甲基、烯丙基、苯甲基和經取代苯甲基。較佳地,保護基團是甲氧基甲基、甲氧基硫代甲基、三級丁基硫代甲基、苯甲氧基甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、雙(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、四氫吡喃基、四氫硫代吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫硫代吡喃基、四氫呋喃基、四氫硫代呋喃基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基或三苯基甲基。
在反應圖1中,羰基的適宜保護基團()包括(但不限於)二烷基縮酮、二芳烷基縮酮、二乙醯基縮酮、二硫代縮酮、1,3-二噁烷、1,3-二氧戊環、1,3-二噻烷、1,3-二硫戊環和1,3-氧硫戊環。羰基的較佳保護基團包括二烷基縮酮、1,3-二噁烷和1,3-二氧戊環。
或者,式IV-1化合物可根據反應圖2中所示的反應來製備:
如反應圖2的步驟(a)中所示,式V-2化合物(其中是 或或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基;且R6是C1-7-烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代)係藉由較佳地在介於-100℃到40℃範圍內的溫度下進行的衍生自式IX-1、式IX-2或式IX-3化合物的銅酸鹽的富含對映異構體的ω-側鏈單元
(其中是、、或羰基的保護基團;P2是羥基的保護基團;Y是鹵素;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;R7是C1-7-烷基)與式VI光學活性環戊烯酮(其中R6是C1-7-烷基;且P1是羥基的保護基團)的偶合反應來製備。
反應圖2的步驟(b)涉及使用選自以下的還原劑進行的酮基還原:雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氫化鋁鈉、二異丁基氫化鋁、三(三級丁氧基)氫化鋁鋰、三烷基硼氫化鋰、三烷基硼氫化鉀或三烷基硼氫化鈉或其混合物。較佳地,還原劑是三(二級丁基)硼氫化鋰(L-賽來克陶德(L-selectride))、三戊基硼氫化鋰、三(二級丁基)硼氫化鈉、三(二級丁基)硼氫化鉀或三戊基硼氫化鉀或其混合物。更佳地,還原劑是三(二級丁基)硼氫化鋰。
反應圖2的步驟(c)涉及在酶、較佳地南極假絲酵母脂肪酶(Candida antarctica lipase)、例如脂肪酶435存在下在水性相(水或緩衝液)和/或有機溶劑(例如己烷、甲苯、四氫呋喃或甲基異丁酮或其混合
物)中進行的酶促水解反應。
反應圖2的步驟(d)涉及酶促或化學水解反應、較佳地化學水解反應。例如,將式IV-3化合物溶解於醇(例如甲醇或乙醇)中,並與鹼(例如氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鋰)反應以產生式IV-1化合物。
根據反應圖2產生的式IV-1化合物將不僅伴隨步驟(a)的共軛加成反應的副產物(8-異構體和12-異構體),且伴隨步驟(b)的9-酮基還原反應的副產物(9-異構體),以及甚至起始材料中的雜質產生的異構體(5,6-反式異構體和15β-異構體)。
在反應圖2中,羥基的適宜保護基團(即,P1和P2)包括(但不限於)甲氧基甲基、甲氧基硫代甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、雙(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、四氫吡喃基、四氫硫代吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫硫代吡喃基、四氫呋喃基、四氫硫代呋喃基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、三苯基甲基、烯丙基、苯甲基、經取代苯甲基和SiRaRbRc,其中Ra、Rb和Rc各自獨立地為C1-8烷基、苯基、苯甲基、經取代苯基或經取代苯甲基。較佳地,保護基團是三甲基矽烷基、三乙基矽烷基、三級丁基二甲基矽烷基、正辛基二甲基矽烷基、甲氧基甲基、四氫呋喃基或四氫吡喃基。
在反應圖2中,羰基的適宜保護基團()包括(但不限於)二烷基縮酮、二芳烷基縮酮、二乙醯基縮酮、二硫代縮酮、1,3-二噁烷、1,3-二氧戊環、1,3-二噻烷、1,3-二硫戊環和1,3-氧硫戊環。羰基的較佳保護基團包括二烷基縮酮、1,3-二噁烷和1,3-二氧戊環。
實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式I-2前列腺素類似物的合成
在用於本文中時,術語“實質上不含5,6-反式異構體”或“實質上不含異構體”意指所述化合物不含超過0.5%的5,6-反式異構體或不含超過0.5%的5,6-反式異構體和(如果存在)15β-異構體。
根據本發明,用於合成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式I-2前列腺素類似物的新穎方法繪示於反應圖3中:
其中是、或;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;且R4是C1-7-烷基。
如反應圖3的步驟(a)中所示,式III化合物(其中是 、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;且
、R2和R3如上文針對式I-2所定義)是通過式IV-1化合物(其中
是、、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護
基團;且、R2和R3如上文所定義,其含有0到5% 5,6-反式異構體或/和其它異構體,且可根據反應圖1或反應圖2的方法來製備)的大環內酯化來製備。
大環內酯化可涉及羧基或/和羥基官能團的活化。在這個途徑中,大環內酯化包含首先用適宜試劑形成硫酯,所述適宜試劑包括(但不限於)氯硫代甲酸S-吡啶-2-基酯、2,2’-二吡啶二硫醚/三苯基膦或4-三級丁基-2-(2-(4-三級丁基-1-異丙基-1H-咪唑-2-基)二硫烷基)-1-異丙基-1H-咪唑/三苯基膦。視需要,可將催化量的胺(例如三乙胺)添加到反應中,且另外,還可添加金屬離子(例如Ag+、Hg2+或Cu2+)以加快環化速率。用於提供金屬離子的適宜來源包括AgClO4、AgBF4、AgOTf、CuBr2、CuCl2和(CF3CO2)2Hg。
或者,大環內酯化可涉及首先用適宜試劑在鹼或路易士酸(Lewis acid)存在或不存在下形成混合酸酐。用於形成混合酸酐的適宜試劑包括(但不限於)2,4,6-三氯苯甲醯氯、2-硝基-6-硝基苯甲酸酐、p-硝基氟甲基苯甲酸酐、p-硝基苯甲酸酐等。適宜鹼的實例包括4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶、吡咯烷吡啶、三乙胺、N,N-二異丙基乙胺和異丙基二乙胺。適宜路易士酸的實例包括Sc(OTf)3、TiCl4、AgClO4、三甲基氯矽烷(TMSCl)和TiCl2(OTf)。
大環內酯化還可通過使用適宜溶劑中的縮合試劑和鹼來達成。適宜縮合試劑包括(但不限於)N,N’-二環己基碳二亞胺、2-氯-1-甲基-吡啶鎓碘化物、2-氯-4,5-二氫-1,3-二甲基-1H-咪唑鎓氯化物、N,N-二苯基氯苯基亞甲基亞胺鎓氯化物、氰尿醯氯、1,3-二甲基-2-氯咪唑鎓氯化物和N,N,N,N-四甲基氯甲脒氯化物等。適宜鹼的實例包括吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)等。用於縮合反應的適宜溶劑包括二氯甲烷、四氫呋喃和1,2-二氯乙烷和其混合物。
在通過HPLC或UPLC分析所得式III化合物後,意外地發現,所得
式III化合物實質上不含5,6-反式異構體,這表明大環內酯化反應展現高順式選擇性,也就是說,主要是5,6-順式的式IV-1化合物進行大環內酯化反應,而5,6-反式的式IV-1化合物幾乎不進行大環內酯化反應。
反應圖3的步驟(b)涉及經由移除ω-側鏈處的P1或/和P2進行的去保護反應。實施所述去保護反應的條件為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所知。例如,在P1和(如果存在)P2是四氫吡喃基保護基團時,將式III大環內酯以5:1的體積比溶于適宜溶劑(例如甲醇或丙酮與水的溶劑混合物)中,用諸如氯化氫、對甲苯磺酸或對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓等去保護劑處理,且在室溫下攪拌10分鐘到10小時。用鹼(例如氫氧化銨或類似物)淬滅反應,並以常規方式實施處理程序。意外地發現,與WO2011008756(實例9,12a-12c)中揭示的化合物IIa、IIb和IIe(其各自含有一定量的5,6-反式異構體且不呈固體形式)相比,所得實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式II去保護化合物展現極佳可結晶性,例如如下文提供的實施例所證實,具有高於100℃的熔點。
式II化合物的粗產物含有衍生自式IV-1起始化合物中的雜質的少量異構體(例如15β-異構體,一對映異構體),且所述異構體可通過經由結晶純化粗產物來進一步移除。
步驟(c)與步驟(e)的組合,且或者反應圖3的步驟(d)涉及式II大環內酯的轉酯反應以形成式I-2前列腺素類似物。在步驟(d)中,轉酯包括式II化合物與選自由C1-7烷醇、C1-7烷氧化物、C1-7烷氧化物鹽或其混合物組成的群組的親核試劑直接反應,以形成含有羥基和酯基的式I-2前列腺素類似物。根據本發明的具體實施例,親核試劑選自2-丙醇、2-丙醇鈉或其混合物。
在步驟(c)和步驟(e)中,轉酯包括水解式II大環內酯以形成含有羥基和羧基的式I-1化合物,且隨後酯化式I-1化合物以獲得式I-2前列
腺素類似物。
根據本發明,所得式I-2化合物可通過以下方式進一步純化:在適宜溶劑(例如四氫呋喃(THF)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)或乙酸乙酯)中且在鹼(例如咪唑或三乙胺)存在下用式XSiRaRbRc矽烷化劑(其中X是鹵素,例如F、Cl或Br,Ra、Rb和Rc各自獨立地為C1-8烷基、苯基、苯甲基、經取代苯基或經取代苯甲基)矽烷化式I-2化合物中的所有羥基,以形成式I-2”化合物,
其中是、或;Ra、Rb和Rc各自獨立地為C1-8烷基、苯基、苯甲基、經取代苯基或經取代苯甲基;且、R2和R3如上文所定義;移除雜質;且隨後使所得化合物去矽烷化以形成具有提高純度的式I-2化合物。根據本發明的具體實施例,適合於純化反應的矽烷化劑選自由以下組成的群組:三甲基氯矽烷、三乙基氯矽烷、二甲基(辛基)氯矽烷和三級丁基二甲基氯矽烷。至於實施去矽烷化反應的條件,其可為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知的用於上文所述去保護反應的條件。
根據本發明的一些較佳具體實施例,某些習知的實質上不含異構體的前列腺素類似物可按以下方式製備:
無異構體曲伏前列素的合成
如以下反應圖中所示,無異構體曲伏前列素可從市售化合物Xa容易地產生,而無需利用色譜來分離異構體。
反應圖4的步驟(a)中的反應是保護反應。適宜保護基團的實例由T.W.格林(T.W.Greene)闡述於“有機合成中的保護基團(Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis)”,約翰威利父子公司(John Wiley & Sons,Inc.),1981中。較佳保護基團具有鹼穩定性,且可包括(但不限於)甲氧基甲基、甲氧基硫代甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、雙(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、四氫吡喃基、四氫硫代吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫硫代吡喃基、四氫呋喃基、四氫硫代呋喃基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、三苯基甲基、烯丙基和苯甲基和經取代苯甲基。用於實施保護的反應條件可為技藝中所已知的條件。例如,將式Xa內酯溶解於二氯甲烷中並向其添加催化量的對甲苯磺酸。反應混合物經受冰浴,並添加適當量的3,4-二氫-2H-吡喃,且隨後在室溫下攪拌約10分鐘到約10小時以獲得式VIIIa經保護內酯。
在反應圖4的步驟(b)中,式VIIIa內酯經受使用二異丁基氫化鋁(DIBAL)的半還原反應,以獲得式VIIa內半縮醛。反應可在介於-60℃
到-100℃、較佳地-60℃到-80℃範圍內的溫度下進行。
在反應圖4的步驟(c)中,式VIIa內半縮醛隨後經受使用從(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻和三級丁醇鉀生成的鎓內鹽(ylide)進行的威悌反應以產生含有2到4% 5,6-反式異構體的式IV-1a化合物。
反應圖4的步驟(d)是大環內酯化反應。不論大環內酯化是否經歷硫酯或混合酸酐的形成或與1,3-二環己基碳二亞胺的縮合,都可獲得IIIa化合物。
在通過UPLC分析所得式IIIa化合物後,發現不管使用何種試劑和反應條件,所獲得的所有式IIIa化合物所含有5,6-反式異構體之量,都少於0.03%或甚至少於UPLC可檢測量的量。
反應圖4的步驟(e)是去保護反應。將式IIIa大環內酯(其中P1和P2中的每一者是四氫吡喃基保護基團)溶解于適宜溶劑(例如甲醇)中,用去保護劑(例如氯化氫、對甲苯磺酸或對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓)處理,且在室溫下攪拌10分鐘到10小時。用鹼(例如碳酸氫鈉水溶液或類似物)淬滅反應,且以常規方式實施處理程序,以獲得呈固體形式的式IIa化合物。在結晶後,通過UPLC分析所得結晶化合物和結晶濾液。發現可通過結晶過程有效移除得自反應的異構體或雜質。
在反應圖4的步驟(f)中實質上不含異構體和雜質的式IIa化合物經受水解反應,以獲得無異構體曲伏前列素酸((+)-氟前列醇),其之後在反應圖4的步驟(g)中經受酯化反應以獲得無異構體曲伏前列素。
無異構體拉坦前列素的合成
如反應圖5中所示,無異構體拉坦前列素可以與反應圖4中所示相同的方式從市售化合物Xb產生。在步驟(e)中獲得的式IIb產物也展現極佳結晶性。在結晶前對式IIb粗制化合物的分析揭露,5,6-反式異構體的量已小於0.1%,其顯示威悌反應的5,6-反式異構體副產物是在大環內酯化過程期間移除。同樣地,在式IIb化合物結晶期間,可容易地移除痕量的衍生自起始化合物Xb的5,6-反式異構體和(如果存在)15β-異構體以及甚至從先前反應生成的雜質。因而,可容易地獲得高純度無異構體拉坦前列素。
純的他氟前列素的合成
如反應圖6中所示,與反應圖4和5中顯示的反應類似,步驟(a)是DIBAL還原反應,步驟(b)是威悌反應,步驟(c)是小環內酯化反應,且步驟(d)是去保護反應。在步驟(d)中獲得的式IIc化合物實質上不含5,6-反式異構體。其經受步驟(f)的水解反應和步驟(i)的酯化反應以獲得實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的他氟前列素。或者,式IIc化合物可經式R8COCl或(R8CO)2O醯化劑(其中R8是C1-7-烷基、未經取代苯基或經取代苯基,例如乙醯氯、乙酸酐、苯甲醯氯、苯甲酸酐或4-苯基苯甲醯氯)醯化為具有更佳結晶性的式IIc’化合物(其中R8是C1-7-烷基、未經取代苯基或經取代苯基),且式IIc’化合物可通過結晶純化以移除痕量異構體和(如果存在)甚至對映異構體以獲得無異構體他氟前列素。步驟(g)是水解反應,其同時打開大環內酯環並使化合物去醯化以形成無異構體他氟前列素酸。在步驟(h)中,轉酯包括使式IIc化合物與選自2-丙醇、2-丙醇鈉或其混合物的親核試劑直接反應以形成他氟前列素。
純的異丙基烏諾前列酮的合成
如反應圖7中所示,類似地,步驟(a)是DIBAL還原反應,步驟(b)是威悌反應,步驟(c)是小環內酯化反應,步驟(e)是去保護反應,步驟(f)是水解反應,且步驟(g)是酯化反應。對於異丙基烏諾前列酮的合成,使式VIIId化合物(其中是或;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團)經受步驟(a)到步驟(c)已形成式IIId大環內酯。之後,較佳地使式IIId大環內酯經受步驟(d)以選擇性移除P2並將所得羥基氧化為酮
基。例如,使式IIId大環內酯(其中是;P1是四氫吡喃基;且P2是三級丁基二甲基矽烷基)在適宜溶劑(例如THF)中與四正丁基氟化銨(TBAF)反應,以選擇性移除三級丁基二甲基矽烷基;且之後在適當氧化條件下(例如科林斯氧化(Collins oxidation)、斯文氧化(Swern oxidation)、PCC氧化、PDC氧化或TEMPO氧化,較佳地TEMPO氧化)氧化以形成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IIId’化合物。
然後式IIId’化合物在步驟(e)中經受去保護反應以移除P1,從而形成式IId’新穎結晶化合物,之後經受步驟(f)中的開環水解反應以獲得無異構體烏諾前列酮,其進一步經受步驟(g)的酯化反應以獲得無異構體異丙基烏諾前列酮。
如上文所提到的,式IIId大環內酯可經受步驟(d)以移除羰基的保護基團,從而形成式IIId’化合物。或者,式IIId大環內酯可首先經受步驟(e)以移除保護基團P1,之後經受步驟(f)的開環水解反應和步驟(g)的酯化反應,且隨後經受步驟(h)以移除羰基的保護基團,從而也獲得異丙基烏諾前列酮。或者,式IId和I-2d”化合物經受步驟(h)以移除羰基的保護基團,以獲得式IId’化合物和烏諾前列酮。
式IV前列腺素類似物的合成
根據本發明,用於合成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV前列腺素類似物的新穎方法繪示於反應圖8中:
其中是、、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-
CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代;X是OH、OR6或NR4R5,其中R4和R6是C1-7-烷基,且R5是H或C1-7-烷基:
反應圖8中顯示的步驟(a)是含有1到10% 5,6-反式異構體的式IV-1化合物的大環內酯化反應且步驟(b)是指醯胺化反應。使式III大環內酯與式HNR4R5烷基胺(其中R4是C1-7-烷基且R5是H或C1-7-烷基,例如(但不限於)乙胺)在非質子溶劑(例如(但不限於)四氫呋喃)中反應以形成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV化合物-2(其中X是NR4R5)。步驟(b)也是指轉酯反應。使式III大環內酯與選自由C1-7烷醇、C1-7烷氧化物、C1-7烷氧化物鹽或其混合物組成的群組的親核試劑反應,以形成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV-3化合物(其中X是OR6)。步驟(b)也是指水解反應。將式III大環內酯水解以形成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV-1化合物(其中X是OH)。
比馬前列素(Bimatoprost)的合成
根據本發明,無異構體比馬前列素可如反應圖9中所示來合成:
如反應圖9中所示,無異構體比馬前列素可從市售化合物Xe容易地產生。使市售化合物Xe在步驟(a)中經受保護反應,在步驟(b)中經DIBAL還原,在步驟(c)中經受威悌反應,且在步驟(d)中經受大環內酯化反應以獲得實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IIIe經保護大環內酯。反應圖9的步驟(e)代表式IIIe經保護大環內酯的醯胺化反應以按高產率形成經保護比馬前列素,且隨後經保護比馬前列素經受步驟(f)的去保護反應以獲得實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的粗制比馬前列素。無異構體比馬前列素可通過粗制比馬前列素的一次性結晶來獲得。在現有技術的方法中,含有2到3% 5,6-反式異構體的式IV-1e威悌反應產物經受酯化和醯胺化以獲得仍含有2到3% 5,6-反式異構體的粗制比馬前列素,且需要多次重結晶以按顯著較低的產率獲得無異構體比馬前列素,與之相比,本發明方法包括步驟(d)中的大環內酯化反應以使得可移除威悌反應中產生的5,6-反式異構體,且在進一步通過結晶純化後可以較高產率獲得所得比馬前列素。
式III化合物的合成
根據本發明另一方面,提供用於合成實質上不含5,6-反式異構體
的式III化合物的方法
其中是、、或羰基的保護基團;P1和P2是羥基的保護基團;是單鍵或雙鍵;R2是單鍵或C1-4-伸烷基或-CH2O-;且R3是C1-7-烷基或芳基或芳烷基,其各自未經取代或經C1-4-烷基、鹵素或三鹵甲基取代,其是通過使從反應圖1或從反應圖2獲得的式IV-1化合物大環內酯化來合成。大環內酯化以與上文所述相同的方式來實施。
式III新穎化合物
本發明還提供選自由以下組成的群組的新穎化合物:
其中是、或;且P1和P2是羥基的保護基團,其獨
立地選自由以下組成的群組:甲氧基甲基、甲氧基硫代甲基、三級丁基硫代甲基、苯甲氧基甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、雙(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、四氫吡喃基、四氫硫代吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氫硫代吡喃基、四氫呋喃基、四氫硫代呋喃基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、三苯基甲基。
新穎無異構體式II化合物
考慮到上述情況,本發明進一步提供實質上不含5,6-反式異構體和15β-異構體的選自由化合物IIa、IIb、IIc、IId和IIe組成的群組的結晶化合物:
其中是或羰基的保護基團。對於式IId化合物,本發明具
體來說提供式IId’化合物:
式IIc’新穎化合物
本發明進一步提供實質上不含5,6-反式異構體和15β-異構體的式IIc’結晶化合物
其中R8是C1-7-烷基、未經取代苯基或經取代苯基。
新穎無異構體式I-1化合物
根據本發明另一方面,實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的化合物選自由以下組成的群組:曲伏前列素游離酸、拉坦前列素游離酸、比馬前列素游離酸、他氟前列素游離酸、氟前列醇、氯前列醇和烏諾前列酮。較佳地,實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的化合物含有少於0.1%的5,6-反式異構體。
新穎無異構體式I-2前列腺素類似物
如上文所提到的,本發明方法可用於產生無異構體的前列腺素類似物。因此,本發明進一步提供選自由以下組成的群組的無異構體的前列腺素類似物:含有少於0.2%異構體的拉坦前列素、含有少於
0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的曲伏前列素、含有少於0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的他氟前列素和含有少於0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的烏諾前列酮異丙基酯,其中較佳地為含有少於0.1%異構體的拉坦前列素;含有少於0.2%異構體的曲伏前列素、含有少於0.2%異構體的他氟前列素和含有少於0.2%異構體的烏諾前列酮異丙基酯。更佳地,拉坦前列素含有少於0.1%異構體;曲伏前列素含有少於0.1%異構體,他氟前列素含有少於0.1%異構體,且烏諾前列酮異丙基酯含有少於0.1%異構體。
提供以下實例以進一步闡釋本發明,但不打算限制其範圍。不背離本發明的精神且所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可瞭解的任何修改或改變都在說明書和隨附申請專利範圍的揭示內容範圍內。
實例1到12 通過威悌反應製備曲伏前列素和其中間體
實例1
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮
在室溫下將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.35g,1.8mmol)添加到(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((R,E)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)-3-羥基丁-1-烯基)-六氫-5-羥基環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(15.0g,40.3mmol)和3,4-二氫-2H-吡喃(8.47g,100.7mmol)在THF(200mL)中的溶液中並將混合物攪拌2.5hr(TLC監測)。將碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(200mL)傾倒到反應混合物中並將混合物攪拌5分鐘。分離有機層並用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取水性
層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾出固體並在減壓下濃縮以獲得24.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供19.0g標題化合物(87.5%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.390(t,1H),7.196(d,1H),7.129(s,1H),7.029-7.097(m,1H),5.484-5.727(m,2H),4.923-5.002(m,1H),4.645-4.709(m,2H),4.443-4.490(m,1H),3.772-4.160(m,5H),3.448-3.529(m,2H),2.362-2.805(m,4H),2.078-2.202(m,2H),1.452-1.790(m,12H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.175(176.977,176.605),158.890,134.874,134.676(132.384),131.770(q),130.008(129.948),129.196(129.006),128.422,123.917(q),118.251(118.167),117.609(q),111.393(q),98.713(98.448,98.394),95.874(95.844,94.964),83.707(83.434,83.123,82.857),79.616(79.373),74.606(74.553,73.680,73.642),70.796(70.705,70.644),62.371(61.718),54.735(54.196),42.355(42.029,41.960),35.903(35.842),35.341(35.068,34.772,34.499),30.582(30.560,30.476),30.377,25.390(25.375),19.349(19.288,19.273,19.220),18.939(18.908)。
實例2
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇
將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-((3R,E)-3-((四
氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(19.0g,35.3mmol)溶解於甲苯(200mL)中,之後冷卻到-70℃,且逐滴添加DIBAL(1.0M,於己烷中,53mL,53mmol)。然後通過在-70℃下添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(10mL)淬滅反應。在室溫下將所得混合物傾倒到2M硫酸氫鈉水溶液(200mL)中並繼續攪拌30分鐘。在分離有機層後,將甲苯(200mL)添加到水性層中。在減壓下濃縮合併的有機層以獲得25.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.345(t,1H),7.468(d,1H),7.128(s,1H),7.020-7.093(m,1H),5.440-5.850(m,3H),4.414-4.920(m,5H),3.760-4.025(m,4H),3.416-3.514(m,3H),2.232-2.501(m,3H),1.848-2.211(m,3H),1.352-1.804(m,12H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 158.996,137.098,136.399(133.308),134.418(134.388,133.636,133.591),131.694(q),129.932(129.864),128.634(128.361,128.240,127.966),127.784(127.519,127.420,127.025),123.940(q),118.312(118.258,118.160),117.446(q),111.439(q),99.897(99.867),94.683,83.350(83.312,83.039,82.758),80.307(79.889,79.494),73.916(73.885,73.862,73.824),71.153(71.054,70.895,70.811),62.318(61.604,61.574),54.780(54.287,54.226,54.094),45.141(45.080,44.875,44.852),39.152(39.076,38.985),38.932(38.894,38.727,38.583),30.658(30.620,30.575,30.544),30.491(30.461,30.385),25.413(25.375,25.345,25.284),19.394(19.349,19.273,19.159),19.022(18.954,18.916,18.863)。
實例3
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-2-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-
1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
將(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(62.33g,140.6mmol)和三級丁醇鉀(31.55g,281.1mmol)在THF(500mL)中的懸浮液冷卻到-20℃並保持30min。並在-20℃下添加(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇(25.0g來自實例2的粗產物)在THF(50mL)中的溶液且將反應混合物攪拌16hr。然後添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(300mL)並在室溫下將所得懸浮液攪拌30min。在分離有機層後,通過添加2M硫酸氫鈉溶液將水性層調節到pH 6.0並用乙酸乙酯(300mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得44.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.362(t,1H),7.185(d,1H),7.145(s,1H),7.039-7.112(m,1H),5.616-5.822(m,2H),5.419-5.551(m,1H),5.300-5.364(m,1H),4.760-4.948(m,1H),4.644-4.662(m,1H),4.493-4.581(m,1H),3.772-4.162(m,5H),3.423-3.538(m,2H),2.403-2.583(m,1H),1.974-2.315(m,7H),1.410-1.957(m,17H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.797(177.577),158.996,137.879(137.538),134.950(134.562),131.785(q),129.963(129.887),129.553(129.447,129.249,129.113),128.073(127.997,127.094,127.048),125.410(q),118.213(118.099),117.526(q),111.496(q),98.675(98.546,98.144,97.939),96.375(96.337,94.501,94.410),82.014(81.916,80.959,80.610),75.160(74.948,73.893,73.870),
73.399(73.202,73.035,72.807),71.213(71.084,70.879,70.819),62.735(62.621,62.522,62.447),61.763(61.695,61.596,61.498),53.369(53.110,52.905,52.807),50.666(50.552,50.416),41.452(41.383,39.645,39.539),33.117(32.950),30.924,30.651(30.620,30.582,30.552),30.324,26.385(26.271),25.724(25.687,25.656,25.633),25.406(25.353),24.487(24.427),19.607(19.531,19.341,19.273),18.992(18.946,18.810,18.779)。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化產物樣品。在60℃下4h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取所得溶液。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素。使用THF和水中的3N HCl將粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素去保護。在25℃下1h後,添加碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液並用乙酸乙酯萃取溶液。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素。UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,粗產物含有2.8% 5,6-反式異構體。
實例4到7 從威悌反應產物製備經保護曲伏前列素1,9-內酯
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-9-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯(oxecin)-2(3H)-酮
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.369(t,1H),7.196(d,1H),7.151(s,1H),7.043-7.116(m,1H),5.543-5.790(m,2H),5.316-5.362(m,1H),5.195(m,2H),4.653-4.944(m,2H),4.524-4.553(m,1H),3.963-4.068
(m,2H),3.785-3.935(m,3H),3.446-3.508(m,2H),2.103-2.627(m,7H),1.505-1.898(m,17H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.600(173.554,173.509,173.455),159.064(159.034,158.958,158.927),136.612(136.475),133.857(133.667),131.822(q),131.633(131.375),130.069,129.948(129.887),129.158(129.059),127.420(127.291),123.917(q),118.289(118.152),117.526(q),111.420(q),99.427(99.396,99.146,98.098),95.844(95.814,94.842,94.804),81.703(81.476,78.295,78.075),74.766(74.470),73.946(73.900),71.304(71.130,70.948,70.849),62.538(62.409,62.052),61.824(61.642,61.407),44.898(44.822,44.791,44.632),39.531,37.619,36.047,30.734(30.689,30.643),30.529(30.476),26.711(26.453),25.489(25.451,25.413,25.375),19.591(19.516),19.068(19.007),18.810(18.787)。
實例4
用2,2’-二吡啶二硫醚(8.39g,38.1mmol)和三苯基膦(6.25g,23.9mmol)處理(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-2-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(22.0g來自實例3的粗產物)於THF(125mL)中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌2hr。將所得混合物加熱到80℃並保持18hr(TLC監測),之後在減壓下移除THF,並用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(100mL)稀釋殘餘物,且用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得25.0g粗制標題化合物。通過柱色譜純化粗制標題化合物以提供8.0g標題化合物(75%產率,3個步驟)。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解產物樣品。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物
並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取所得溶液。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素。使用THF和水中的3N HCl將粗制11,15-經保護曲伏前列素去保護。在25℃下1h後,添加碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液並用乙酸乙酯萃取所得溶液。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素。UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測的5,6-反式異構體。
實例5
在室溫下在氮下向(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-2-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(5.00g來自實例3的粗產物)和N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1.70g,13.2mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液中添加2,4,6-三氯苯甲醯氯(1.90g,7.8mmol)且在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1hr。將反應混合物冷卻到-15到-20℃並經10分鐘逐滴添加4-二甲基氨基吡啶(1.66g,13.6毫摩爾)於二氯甲烷(15mL)中的溶液。在-15到-16℃下將反應混合物再攪拌30分鐘。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(100mL)淬滅反應混合物。分離有機層。用二氯甲烷(50mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮以獲得8.0g粗制標題化合物。通過柱色譜純化粗制標題化合物,從而提供2.0g標題化合物。(82.4%產率,3個步驟)
產物中異構體含量的測定:
根據與實例4中所述相同的方法,粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測5,6-反式異構體。
實例6
在室溫下在氮下向(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-
2-基)氧基)-2-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(3.0g來自實例3的粗產物)和N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1.02g,7.9毫摩爾)在二氯甲烷(60mL)中的溶液中添加苯甲醯氯(0.66g,4.7毫摩爾)且在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1hr。將反應混合物冷卻到-15到-20℃並經10分鐘逐滴添加4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.97g,7.9毫摩爾)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的溶液。在-15到-16℃下將反應混合物再攪拌30分鐘。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(60mL)淬滅反應混合物。分離有機層。用二氯甲烷(50mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮以獲得5.0g粗制標題化合物。通過柱色譜純化粗制標題化合物,從而提供1.17g標題化合物。(80.3%產率,3個步驟)
產物中異構體含量的測定:
根據與實例4中所述相同的方法,粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測5,6-反式異構體。
實例7
在氮下向(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-2-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(3.0g,4.8mmole)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.03g,0.25毫摩爾)在二氯甲烷(30mL)中的溶液中。將反應混合物冷卻到0℃並經5分鐘逐滴添加N,N’-二環己基碳二亞胺(1.98g,9.6毫摩爾)在二氯甲烷(20mL)中的溶液。在室溫下將反應混合物再攪拌3hr。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(20mL)淬滅反應混合物。分離有機層。用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮以獲得5.0g粗制標題化合物。通過柱色譜純化粗制標題化合物,從而提供1.05g標題化合物(72.0%產率,3個步驟)
產物中異構體含量的測定:
根據與實例4中所述相同的方法,粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測5,6-反式異構體。
實例8
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-9-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.20g,1.1mmol)添加到(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-9-((3R,E)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(14.0g,23.0mmol)在甲醇(150mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。然後,用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(200mL)淬滅反應混合物,且在減壓下移除甲醇。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取殘餘物。分離有機層。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮以獲得15.0g粗產物。粗產物經受快速柱色譜的進一步純化以獲得8.2g呈固體形式的標題化合物。DSC分析顯示,所述固體含有兩種結晶型(mp 92到97℃和mp 113到118℃)。使固體從己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物重結晶以獲得7.3g呈單一結晶型(mp 113到118℃)的標題化合物。結晶標題化合物(mp 115到120℃)的x-射線粉末衍射圖具有以大約以下2θ度表示的特徵峰:10.7、12.1、13.4、14.5、14.8、16.0、16.6、17.7、18.4、18.5、19.4、20.5、21.0、22.0、22.4、23.3、24.6、24.7、25.1、28.9、29.9、37.9、
44.1。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.387(t,1H),7.227(d,1H),7.145(s,1H),7.080(m,1H),5.721-5.776(m,1H),5.623-5.683(m,1H),5.309-5.354(m,1H),5.222(m,2H),4.527(m,1H),3.947-4.033(m,2H),3.812-3.874(m,1H),3.510(br s,1H),3.409(br s,1H),2.561-2.635(m,1H),2.098-2.418(m,6H),1.587-1.870(m,5H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.471,158.593,135.147,131.937(q),131.534,131.147,130.099,127.276,123.856(q),118.099,117.928(q),111.446(q),75.935,71.897,70.993,56.222,44.981,40.260,36.040,26.711,26.559,25.269。
實例9
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(曲伏前列素酸)
用3N氫氧化鉀水溶液(6.8mL)處理(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-9-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(3.0g,來自實例8)在2-丙醇(25mL)中的溶液。在50℃下將此混合物攪拌2hr。冷卻反應混合物且用3N鹽酸水溶液進一步調節到pH 8.5±0.2,並在減壓下移除大部分溶劑。用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)稀釋殘餘物。在室溫下將混合物攪拌5分鐘。分開收集有機相和水性相。在室溫下用3N鹽酸水溶液將水性層調節到pH 3.0±0.2且用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得3.3
g粗制曲伏前列素酸。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化此產物的樣品。在60℃下4h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取反應物。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素。粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.343(t,1H),7.179(d,1H),7.116(s,1H),7.055(d,1H),5.631-5.704(m,2H),5.278-5.422(m,2H),4.520-4.527(m,1H),3.950-4.008(m,2H),2.034-2.361(m,8H),1.337-1.745(m,7H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 171.411,158.794,135.472,131.877(q),130.113,130.010,129.682,129.106,123.960(q),118.097,117.769(q),111.549(q),77.382,71.751,71.065,70.907,55.292,49.952,42.597,31.527,26.120,25.094,24.227。
實例10
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(曲伏前列素)
用K2CO3(0.90g,6.5mmol)和2-碘丙烷(0.74g,4.4mmol)處理粗制曲伏前列素酸(1.1g,來自實例9)在DMF(11mL)中的溶液。然後將此混合物在80℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。添加水(30mL)和乙酸乙酯(30mL)並將混合物攪拌10min。分離水性層並用乙酸乙酯
(30mL)萃取,且經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得1.0g粗制曲伏前列素。通過柱色譜純化粗制曲伏前列素且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供0.89g的曲伏前列素(78.3%產率,2個步驟)。產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體和雜質。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.337(t,1H),7.209(d,1H),7.142(s,1H),7.084(d,1H),5.647-5.744(m,2H),5.334-5.434(m,2H),4.970(heptet,1H),4.518-4.528(m,1H),4.163-4.170(m,1H),3.939-4.020(m,3H),3.294(br s,1H),3.262(br s,1H),2.588(br s,1H),2.360-2.410(m,1H),2.015-2.305(m,7H),1.760(dd,1H),1.646(quintet,2H),1.494-1.554(m,1H),1.201(d,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.511,158.656,135.420,131.857(q),130.015,129.794,128.901,123.857(q),118.038,117.748(q),111.466(q),77.710,72.649,71.992,70.840,67.672,55.748,50.176,42.824,33.970,26.565,25.450,24.802,21.771
實例11
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-雙((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-2-((R,E)-3-((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯
用K2CO3(0.90g,6.5mmol)和2-碘丙烷(0.74g,4.4mmol)處理粗制曲伏前列素酸(1.1g,來自實例9)在DMF(11mL)中的溶液。然後將此混合物在80℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。添加水(30mL)和
乙酸乙酯(30mL)並將混合物攪拌10min。分離水性層並用乙酸乙酯(30mL)萃取,且經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得1.2g粗制曲伏前列素。將粗制曲伏前列素溶解於25mL圓底燒瓶中的10mL乙酸乙酯中,之後在室溫下添加咪唑(0.82g,12mmol)。將氯代三乙基矽烷(1.6g,10.6mmol)添加到此燒瓶中並攪拌10分鐘。產生白色固體,將其過濾出來並用50mL乙酸乙酯洗滌兩次。合併所有有機溶劑並用15mL飽和NaHCO3水溶液洗滌兩次。經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層,過濾出固體並在真空下蒸發溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為1.85g(91.6%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.360(t,1H),7.181(d,1H),7.088(s,1H),7.035(d,1H),5.582-5.679(m,2H),5.396-5.458(m,1H),5.266-5.347(m,1H),4.985(heptet,1H),4.516-4.554(m,1H),4.114-4.148(m,1H),3.813-3.871(m,3H),2.385-2.450(m,1H),2.157-2.276(m,4H),2.006-2.087(m,3H),1.577-1.682(m,3H),1.395-1.457(m,1H),1.208(d,6H),0.905-0.987(m,27H),0.514-0.666(m,18H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.137,159.026,133.644,131.769(q),130.798,129.849,129.811,128.801,123.955(q),117.985,117.260(q),111.059(q),76.853,72.891,71.540,71.145,67.312,54.484,49.437,44.928,34.127,26.726,25.034,24.905,21.785,6.878,6.794,4.995,4.897,4.874
實例12
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(曲伏前列素)
將實例11的產物(0.8g)溶解於10ml丙酮和2ml水中,之後添加0.1g對甲苯磺酸一水合物。在室溫下將反應溶液攪拌1小時並濃縮直
到觀察到兩個單獨層。添加30ml乙酸乙酯以供萃取和相分離。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液和鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,且經受真空蒸發以供移除溶劑直到乾燥。通過柱色譜純化粗制曲伏前列素且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供0.44g的曲伏前列素。產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體和雜質且純度高於99.9%。
實例13到18 通過共軛加成製備曲伏前列素和其中間體
實例13
(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R)-2-((R,E)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)丁-1-烯基)-3-三乙基矽烷氧基-5-氧代環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯
將500mL三頸燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。在-70℃下將(R,E)-三乙基((4-(三丁基甲錫烷基)-1-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-3-烯-2-基)氧基)矽烷(22.53g,35.46mmol)和200mL四氫呋喃添加到反應燒瓶中,之後逐滴添加正丁基鋰(22.2mL,1.6M,在己烷中)。將氰化銅(3.18g,35.46mmol)在30mL四氫呋喃中的懸浮溶液冷卻到-10℃且之後逐滴添加甲基鋰(17.76mL,2M,在醚中)。冷卻均勻有機金屬溶液並將其添加到反應燒瓶中,同時攪拌30分鐘。然後,在-70℃下經10分鐘將(R,Z)-7-(3-三乙基矽烷氧基-5-氧代環戊-1-烯-1-基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(4.5g,含有5% 5,6-反式異構體)在15mL四氫呋喃中的溶液添加到反應混合物中。再攪拌20分鐘後,將反應混合物傾倒到9/1(v/v)飽和NH4Cl/NH4OH水溶液的混合物中以進行相分離。用乙酸乙酯萃取
水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為5.10g(59.3%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.346(t,1H),7.167(d,1H),7.068(s,1H),7.019(d,1H),5.670-5.782(m,2H),5.264-5.408(m,2H),4.956(heptet,1H),4.539-4.546(m,1H),4.033-4.087(m,1H),3.862(d,2H),2.491-2.656(m,2H),2.119-2.400(m,5H),1.999-2.049(m,3H),1.586-1.655(m,2H),1.182(d,6H),0.894-0.969(m,18H),0.528-0.652(m,12H)。
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 214.785,172.954,158.882,132.255,131.800(q),131.428,130.927,129.910,126.464,123.910(q),117.985,117.389(q),111.930(q),72.678,72.564,70.864,67.335,53.961,52.837,47.706,33.968,26.605,25.079,24.723,21.740,6.764,6.680,4.859,4.752。
實例14
(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R,E)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)丁-1-烯基)-5-二羥基-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯
將100mL三頸燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。在-70℃下將(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3-三乙基矽烷氧基-2-((R,E)-3-三乙基矽烷氧基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-羥基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(3.6g,4.95mmol)和50mL四氫呋喃添加到反應燒瓶中,之後逐滴添加
L-賽來克陶德(4.95ml,1M,在四氫呋喃中)。然後,使反應混合物升溫到室溫並用50mL飽和氯化銨水溶液淬滅。對反應混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為2.4g(66.5%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.352(t,1H),7.173(d,1H),7.082(s,1H),7.029(d,1H),5.541-5.667(m,2H),5.295-5.465(m,2H),4.975(heptet,1H),4.471-4.512(m,1H),4.101-4.135(m,1H),4.007-4.034(m,1H),3.825-3.909(m,2H),2.626-2.647(m,1H),2.295-2.368(m,2H),2.235(t,2H),2.036-2.172(m,2H),1.906-1.967(m,1H),1.799-1.834(m,1H),1.611-1.685(m,2H),1.455-1.527(m,1H),1.198(d,6H),0.902-0.973(m,18H),0.532-0.650(m,12H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.159,158.958,133.553,131.781(q),130.023,129.879,129.363,129.310,123.932(q),117.962,117.344(q),111.135(q),79.290,74.250,72.678,71.198,67.335,56.382,51.448,43.175,34.066,26.552,26.461,24.905,21.770,6.749,6.688,4.843,4.638。
比較實例15
使用共軛加成方法且不使用大環內酯化製備曲伏前列素
將實例14的產物(0.8g)溶解於10ml丙酮和2ml水中,之後添加0.1g對甲苯磺酸一水合物。在室溫下將反應溶液攪拌1小時並濃縮直到觀察到兩個單獨層。添加30ml乙酸乙酯以供萃取和相分離。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液和鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,且經受真空蒸發以供移除溶劑直到乾燥。通過柱色譜純化粗制曲伏前列素且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供0.69g的曲伏前列素。產物的UPLC(ACQUITY
UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,發現4.95% 5,6-反式異構體、0.5% 15β-異構體和一些其它異構體。
實例16到18 使用共軛加成方法且通過大環內酯化製備曲伏前列素
實例16
(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R,E)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)丁-1-烯基)-5-羥基-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
將10mL甲基異丁基酮中的(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3-((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-2-((R,E)-3-((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-羥基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(1.5g,來自實例14)和0.2g南極假絲酵母脂肪酶添加到25mL圓底燒瓶中。在室溫下將反應混合物攪拌3天。然後,過濾出脂肪酶並在真空下蒸發出溶劑以獲得1.5g粗產物。
實例17
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-9-((3R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
在室溫下在氮下向(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-3-((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-2-((R,E)-3-((三乙基矽烷基)氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-
1-烯-1-基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(1.5g,2.19毫摩爾)和N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.48g,來自實例16)在二氯甲烷(30mL)中的溶液中添加苯甲醯氯(0.30g,2.13毫摩爾),且在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1hr。將反應混合物冷卻到-15到-20℃並經5分鐘逐滴添加4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.45g,3.69毫摩爾)在二氯甲烷(5mL)中的溶液。在-15到-16℃下將反應混合物再攪拌30分鐘。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(30mL)淬滅反應混合物。分離有機層。用二氯甲烷(30mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮以獲得2.7g粗制標題化合物。通過柱色譜純化粗制標題化合物,從而提供0.9g標題化合物。(61.6%產率)。
實例18
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-9-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.20g,1.1mmol)添加到(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-9-((3R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯-1-基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(0.9g,來自實例17)在甲醇(50mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。然後,用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(20mL)淬滅反應混合物,且在減壓下移除甲醇。用乙酸乙酯萃取殘餘物。分離有機層。用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮以獲得1.1g粗產物。粗產物經受快速柱色譜的進一步純化以獲得0.7g產物。
結晶前產物的異構體含量的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解結晶前產物的樣品。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制曲伏前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素。粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,發現0.02% 5,6-反式異構體和0.01% 15β-異構體。
使產物從己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物重結晶以獲得0.5g呈單一結晶型(mp 113到118℃)的標題化合物。
結晶產物的異構體含量的測定:
結晶產物的樣品也經受與上文針對測定異構體含量所述相同的方法。獲得粗制曲伏前列素且粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,未發現5,6-反式異構體、15β-異構體或任何其它異構體。
比較實例19到23 通過格拉布催化環化製備曲伏前列素和其中間體
比較實例19
(2R,3R,4R)-2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊酮
將100mL三頸燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。在-70℃下將(R,E)-三乙基(4-(三丁基甲錫烷基)-1-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-3-烯-2-基氧基)矽烷(15.11g,23.8mmol)和20mL四氫呋喃添加到反應燒瓶
中,之後逐滴添加正丁基鋰(14.9ml,1.6M,在己烷中)。將氰化銅(2.13g,23.8mmol)在20mL四氫呋喃中的懸浮溶液冷卻到-20℃,之後逐滴添加甲基鋰(11.9ml,2M,在醚中)。冷卻均勻有機金屬溶液並將其添加到反應燒瓶中,同時攪拌60分鐘。然後,經10分鐘在-70℃下將(R)-2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)環戊-2-烯酮(3g,11.9mmol)在20mL四氫呋喃中的溶液添加到反應混合物中。再攪拌20分鐘後,將反應混合物傾倒到9/1(v/v)飽和NH4Cl/NH4OH水溶液的混合物中以進行相分離。用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經硫酸鎂乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。通過色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供2.68g標題化合物(37.7%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.376(t,1H),7.201(d,1H),7.088(s,1H),7.036(d 1H),5.691-5.753(m,3H),5.024(d,2H),4.561(s,1H),4.088-4.143(m,1H),3.877(d,2H),2.563-2.635(m,2H),2.438-2.473(m,1H),2.261-2.311(m,1H),2.070-2.200(m,2H),0.970(t,9H),0.867(s,9H),0.644(q,6H),0.052(s,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 214.838,158.867,134.874,132.369,131.982(q),131.268,129.932,123.917(q),118.031,117.370,111.010,72.929,72.625,70.788,53.528,52.609,74.501,31.736,25.671,6.802,4.866,-4.675(d)
比較實例20
(1S,2R,3R,4R)-2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊醇
將500ml三頸燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。在-70℃下將
(2R,3R,4R)-2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊酮(2.68g,4.48mmol)和30mL四氫呋喃添加到反應燒瓶中,之後逐滴添加L-賽來克陶德(4ml,1M,在四氫呋喃中)。然後,使反應混合物升溫到室溫並用30ml飽和氯化銨水溶液淬滅。對反應混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。通過色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供2.5g標題化合物(93%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.369(t,1H),7.193(d,1H),7.095(s,1H),7.038(d 1H),5.820-5.882(m,1H),5.544-5.663(m,2H),5.061(d,1H),4.965(d,1H),4.500(d,1H),4.150(s,1H),4.033(d,1H),3.841-3.918(m,2H),2.329-2.372(m,2H),2.152-2.187(m,1H),1.967-2.003(m,1H),1.798-1.834(m,1H),1.551-1.572(m,1H),0.964(t,9H),0.869(s,9H),0.630(q,6H),0.046(s,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 158.935,137.697,133.401,131.625(q),130.327,129.894,123.936(q),117.970,115.382,108.862,79.373,74.060,72.640,71.168,60.115,56.131,50.803,43.099,33.034,25.732,6.779,4.843,-4.778(d)
比較實例21
(1S,2R,3R,4R)-己-5-烯酸2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊基酯
將50ml兩頸圓底燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。將10ml DMF中的(1S,2R,3R,4R)-2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊醇(1g,1.66mmol)、0.05g(0.33mmol)DMAP、0.21g(1.83mmol)5-己烯酸和0.41g(2.00mmol)N,N'-二環己基碳二亞胺添加到反應燒瓶中。將反應混合物在40℃下加熱24小時。用10ml飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液淬滅反應。對反應混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。通過色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供1.05g標題化合物(90.52%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.379(t,1H),7.202(d,1H),7.093(s,1H),7.038(d 1H),5.643-5.824(m,4H),4.926-5.085(m,4H),4.553(d,1H),3.865-3.925(m,3H),3.203(s,1H),2.293(q,2H),2.114(s,3H),1.912(s,2H),1.675-1.760(m,3H),1.564-1.602(m,2H),0.978(t,9H),0.854(s,9H),0.655(q,6H),0.026(s,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.099,158.943,136.581,132.521,132.027,131.663(q),129.902,123.938(q),117.985,117.401,115.769,115.359,111.116,73.855,72.754,70.879,55.744,55.357,46.727,42.233,34.916,33.080,1.653,28.806,25.755,6.809,4.904,-4.599(d)
比較實例22
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-9-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將50ml兩頸圓底燒瓶直火烘乾並使其在氮下冷卻。將4ml二氯甲烷中的(1S,2R,3R,4R)-己-5-烯酸2-烯丙基-4-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-3-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)環戊基酯(0.2g,0.29mmol)和0.02g的格拉布催化劑添加到反應燒瓶中。將反應混合物在40℃下加熱18小時。經1小時用0.4ml乙胺在攪拌下淬滅反應。對反應混合物進行相分離且用乙酸乙酯和4ml飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。通過色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供30mg標題化合物(16%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.346(t,1H),7.187(d,1H),7.075(s,1H),7.023(d 1H),5.588-5.723(m,2H),5.182-5.425(m,3H),4.539(q,1H),2.189-2.557(m,4H),2.012-2.085(m,2H),1.873-1.920(m,2H),1.513-1.711(m,4H),0.960(t,9H),0.855(s,9H),0.635(q,6H),0.018(s,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.569,158.912,132.088,131.944,131.299(q),129.902,127.686,125.295(q),118.008,117.340,111.040,76.972,72.739,71.950,70.895,55.547,44.533,41.581,36.123,34.006,31.888,29.694,28.806,25.755,6.817,4.866,-4.588(d)
比較實例23
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-9-((R,E)-3-羥基-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)-9-((R,E)-3-(三乙基矽烷氧基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丁-1-烯基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(20mg,0.003mmol)和1ml TBAF(1M,在四氫呋喃中)添加到10ml圓底燒瓶中。將反應混合物攪拌2小時且用1ml飽和NaHCO3水溶液淬滅。然後,對混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。通過色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供10mg呈油形式的標題化合物。(80%產率)。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解此產物的樣品。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制曲伏前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制曲伏前列素。粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18)分析顯示,發現2.6% 5,6-反式異構體和一些其它異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.387(t,1H),7.227(d,1H),7.145(s,1H),7.080(m,1H),5.721-5.776(m,1H),5.623-5.683(m,1H),5.309-5.354(m,1H),5.222(m,2H),4.527(m,1H),3.947-4.033(m,2H),3.812-3.874(m,1H),3.510(br s,1H),3.409(br s,1H),2.561-2.635(m,1H),2.098-2.418(m,6H),1.587-1.870(m,5H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.471,158.593,135.147,131.937(q),131.534,131.147,130.099,127.276,123.856(q),118.099,117.928(q),111.446(q),75.935,71.897,70.993,56.222,44.981,40.260,36.040,26.711,26.559,25.269
實例24到30 通過威悌反應製備拉坦前列素和其中間體
實例24
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮
在室溫下將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.46g,2.4mmol)添加到(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-5-羥基-4-((R)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊基)環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(15.0g,49.3mmol)和3,4-二氫-2H-吡喃(12.4g,147.4mmol)在THF(200mL)中的溶液中並將混合物攪拌2.5hr(TLC監測)。將碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(200mL)傾倒到反應混合物中並將反應物攪拌5分鐘。分離有機層並用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾出固體且在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得26.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供22.1g標題化合物(95.0%產率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.209-7.247(m,2H),7.117-7.171(m,3H),4.892-4.925(m,1H),4.531-4.622(m,2H),3.746-4.046(m,3H),3.604-3.630(m,1H),3.397-3.454(m,2H),1.134-2.765(m,26H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ177.706(177.531,177.425,177.235),142.434(142.403,142.130,142.100),128.369,128.240,
125.811(125.689),98.797(98.607,98.152),97.742(97.681,95.692,95.624),84.185(84.155,84.094,84.071),82.887(82.705),79.813(79.677),76.360(76.314,76.086,76.011),63.562(62.948,62.454,61.877),53.277(52.943),52.086(51.623),42.985(42.894,42.484,42.416),39.000(38.924,36.670,36.609),36.093(36.040,35.546,35.508),33.019(32.875,31.751,31.615),31.895(31.258),31.417(30.491),31.334(31.296,30.749,30.719),28.867(28.556),28.677(28.343),25.428,20.517(20.434,20.024),19.402(19.371,18.954,18.916)
實例25
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇
將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(22.0g,46.6mmol)溶解於甲苯(200mL)中,之後冷卻到-70℃,且逐滴添加DIBAL(1.0M,在己烷中,60mL,60.0mmol)。然後通過在-70℃下添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(10mL)淬滅反應。在室溫下將所得混合物傾倒到200mL 2M硫酸氫鈉水溶液中並繼續攪拌30分鐘。在分離有機層後,將甲苯(200mL)添加到水性層中。在減壓下濃縮合併的有機層以獲得30.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.237-7.274(m,2H),7.133-7.205(m,3H),5.410-5.609(m,1H),4.587-4.729(m,3H),3.779-3.935(m,
3H),3.603-3.688(m,1H),3.446-3.504(m,2H),1.183-2.833(m,26H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ142.661(142.593,142.297,142.191),128.392,128.262,125.811(125.765,125.682,125.613),101.605(101.537,101.469,101.400),98.182(97.833,97.689,97.499),96.224(96.155,95.973,95.874),85.726(85.460,85.210,85.119),80.967(80.899,80.861,80.557),76.678(76.587,76.420,76.071),63.251(63.137,62.910,62.887),62.310(62.105,62.044,62.006),53.247(52.594,52.564),51.554(51.516,51.433,51.380),47.645(47.304,45.346,44.799)42.142(42.112,38.567,38.545),41.960(41.899,41.095,41.042),40.769(39.562),36.715(36.624,35.417,35.326),33.155(33.133,33.004),31.987(31.918,31.243,31.182),30.871(30.802,30.476,30.385),29.163(28.928,28.624,28.373),25.482(25.436,25.292),20.275(20.206,20.070,19.994),19.523(19.295,19.045,18.931)
實例26
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
將(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(84.0g,189.5mmol)和三級丁醇鉀(44.0g,392.1mmol)在THF(700mL)中的懸浮液冷卻到-20℃並保持30min。在-20℃下添加(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇(30g,來自實例25)在THF(50mL)中的溶液且將反應混合物攪
拌16hr。然後添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(500mL)並在室溫下將所得懸浮液攪拌30min。在分離有機層後,通過添加2M硫酸氫鈉溶液將水性層調節到pH 6.0並用乙酸乙酯(300mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得54.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.248-7.289(m,2H),7.140-7.211(m,3H),5.463-5.577(m,1H),5.314-5.388(m,1H),4.666-4.714(m,1H),4.609-4.641(m,1H),4.084-4.119(m,1H),3.913-4.054(m,2H),3.794-3.874(m,1H),3.665-3.740(m,1H),3.465-3.539(m,2H),2.555-2.834(m,2H),1.311-2.383(m,30H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.789(177.364),142.616(142.517,142.327,142.214),129.856(129.788,129.697,129.606),129.226(129.151,129.105,129.037),128.392,128.308(128.293,128.270),125.818(125.780,125.689,125.659),98.895(98.622),97.393(96.914,96.641,96.558),82.796(82.766,82.014,81.992),77.195(76.231,76.086),74.728(74.758,74.675),63.547(63.456,62.818,62.781),62.644(62.598,62.378,62.295),52.040(51.820),51.737(51.463),49.998(49.968),49.869(49.839),40.548(40.510),36.753(36.708),33.338(33.292,33.087,33.019),32.070(32.040,31.744),31.569(31.440,31.326,31.296),31.136(31.098,30.787),29.580(29.375,28.950,28.730),27.341(27.189,27.007,26.871),26.499(26.370),25.444(25.398),24.677(24.563),20.426(20.373),19.326(19.288)
實例27
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
用2,2’-二吡啶二硫醚(28.9g,131.2mmol)和三苯基膦(39.2g,149.5mmol)處理(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(52g,來自實例26)在二甲苯(250mL)中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌2hr。將所得混合物加熱到80℃並保持18hr(TLC監測),之後在減壓下移除二甲苯。用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(200mL)稀釋殘餘物並用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得80.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供17.1g標題化合物(68.0%產率,3個步驟)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.240-7.282(m,2H),7.153-7.218(m,3H),5.245-5.350(m,2H),5.102-5.117(m,1H),4.560-4.695(m,2H),3.890-3.978(m,2H),3.808-3.876(m,1H),3.632-3.715(m,1H),3.442-3.520(m,2H),2.580-2.815(m,2H),1.352-2.507(m,30H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.873(173.843,173.797,173.759),142.722(142.593,142.464,142.320),131.139(130.995),128.392(128.361),128.300(128.262),127.632(127.837,127.868),125.788(125.727,125.667,125.606),100.413(100.391,98.129,97.871),97.840(97.704,96.504,96.391),79.085(84.231,84.254),76.375(76.542,76.694),73.695(73.582),63.077(62.970,62.932,62.856),62.796(62.758,62.507,62.393),49.110,44.974(44.928,44.609,44.564),39.843,37.224(37.201),36.882(36.814),36.063,35.516(35.440),32.047(32.017,31.956),31.417(31.273),31.076
(30.985,30.780,30.711),27.129,26.681,26.552(26.506),25.497,25.428(25.406),20.176(20.100,20.047),20.024(19.850,19.561,19.493)
實例28
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-9-((R)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.34g,1.8mmol)添加到(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((3R)-5-苯基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)戊基)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(17.0g,31.4mmol)在甲醇(170mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。然後,用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(200mL)淬滅反應混合物,且在減壓下移除甲醇。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取殘餘物。分離有機層。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮以獲得16.3g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供9.2g產物(78.6%產率)。使產物從己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物結晶以獲得8.1g白色晶體(mp 114到118℃)。
結晶標題化合物的x-射線粉末衍射圖具有以大約以下2θ度表示的特徵峰:9.0、10.6、14.5、15.1、17.3、18.2、19.6、21.0、21.2、23.4、27.69、37.8、44.1。
異構體含量的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解四種樣品(結晶前產物、第一次結晶的
產物、第一次結晶的濾液和第二次結晶的產物)。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制拉坦前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制拉坦前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制拉坦前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門(Phenomenex)Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示以下結果:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.239-7.276(m,2H),7.140-7.186(m,3H),5.275-5.338(m,1H),5.190-5.243(m,1H),5.112(m,1H),3.792-3.853(m,1H),3.626(br s,1H),3.477-3.489(m,1H),3.070(br s,1H),2.737-2.810(m,2H),2.603-2.678(m,1H),1.443-2.455(m,17H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.880,142.092,131.162,128.422,128.399,127.648,125.849,77.392,74.083,71.525,52.033,46.165,40.920,39.023,36.100,34.765,32.131,27.827,27.485,26.696,25.428
實例29
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((R)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
用3N氫氧化鉀水溶液(2.7mL)處理(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-10-羥基-
9-((R)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(1.0g,實例28的第二次結晶後的產物)在10mL 2-丙醇中的溶液。在50℃下將此混合物攪拌攪拌2hr。冷卻反應混合物且用3N鹽酸水溶液進一步調節到pH 8.5±0.2。在減壓下移除大部分溶劑。用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)稀釋殘餘物。在室溫下將混合物攪拌5分鐘。分開收集有機相和水性相。在室溫下用3N鹽酸水溶液將水性層調節到pH 3.0±0.2並用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得1.3g粗制拉坦前列素酸。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化此產物的樣品。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制拉坦前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.253-7.282(m,2H),7.157-7.194(m,3H),5.455-5.506(m,1H),5.342-5.394(m,1H),4.142-4.152(m,1H),3.936(m,1H),3.664-3.711(m,1H),2.754-2.813(m,1H),2.618-2.678(m,1H),2.327(t,2H),2.241(t,2H),2.133(q,2H),1.496-1.892(m,10H),1.307-1.382(m,2H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.382,142.178,129.555,129.512,128.487,125.902,78.493,74.354,71.477,52.234,51.536,42.396,38.634,35.077,32.923,31.982,28.893,26.490,26.229,24.500
實例30
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((R)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(拉坦前列素)
用K2CO3(1.38g,1.0mmol)和2-碘丙烷(1.13g,6.6mmol)處理粗制拉坦前列素酸(1.3g,來自實例29)在DMF(13mL)中的溶液。然後將此混合物在80℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。添加水(40mL)和乙酸乙酯(40mL)並將混合物攪拌10min。分離水性層並用乙酸乙酯(40mL)萃取,且經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得1.1g粗制拉坦前列素。可通過柱色譜純化粗制拉坦前列素且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供0.7g的拉坦前列素(60.3%產率,2個步驟;產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.262-7.293(m,2H),7.165-7.206(m,3H),5.433-5.484(m,1H),5.360-5.411(m,1H),4.993(heptet,1H),4.158(m,1H),3.939(m,1H),3.659(m,1H),2.766-2.824(m,3H),2.089-2.702(m,8H),1.314-1.898(m,12H),1.221(d,6H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.476,142.072,129.590,129.322,128.393,125.806,78.788,74.709,71.292,67.651,52.895,51.883,42.490,39.046,35.793,34.033,32.108,29.631,26.898,26.613,24.913,21.819
粗制拉坦前列素還可如實例11和12中所述通過矽烷化和去矽烷化來純化。產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體或雜質。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.257-7.294(m,2H),7.172-7.190(m,3H),5.422-5.484(m,1H),5.326-5.387(m,1H),5.001(heptet,1H),4.074-4.119(m,1H),3.676-3.769(m,2H),2.578-2.733(m,2H),2.238-2.306(m,2H),2.067-2.191(m,4H),1.586-1.799(m,7H),1.501-1.552(m,2H),1.370-1.437(m,3H),1.222(d,6H),0.932-0.999(m,27H),0.546-0.645(m,18H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.197,142.692,130.122,128.953,128.293,128.278,125.606,76.238,72.352,71.768,67.297,50.264,48.162,44.230,39.121,34.484,34.241,31.728,28.062,26.764,25.846,25.041,21.823,6.991,6.885,6.870,5.177,4.972,4.942
實例31到37 製備他氟前列素和其中間體
實例31
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇
將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯基)-六氫-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(47.0g,0.11mol)溶解於甲苯(500mL)中,之後冷卻到-70℃,並逐滴添加DIBAL(1.0M,在己烷中,172mL,0.16mol)。然後通過在-70℃下添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(25mL)淬滅反應。在室溫下將所得混合物傾倒到2M硫酸氫鈉水
溶液(500mL)中並繼續攪拌30分鐘。在分離有機層後,將500mL甲苯添加到水性層。在減壓下濃縮合併的有機層以獲得48g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.266-7.316(m,2H),6.971-7.010(m,1H),6.892-6.914(m,2H),6.078-6.222(m,1H),5.736-5.912(m,1H),5.516-5.644(m,1H),4.517-4.699(m,2H),4.139-4.211(m,2H),3.725-4.064(m,2H),3.398-3.493(m,1H),3.339(br s,1H),2.337-2.554(m,2H),1.905-2.112(m,3H),1.353-1.808(m,7H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 157.963(157.895),138.050,129.576,123.617,121.826,118.220(t),114.706,101.028(100.899),99.821(95.935),83.168(83.009),80.291(79.935),69.498(t),62.401(61.665),54.386(53.733),45.733(44.951),38.932(38.818),36.693,30.613(30.461),25.337(25.315),19.485(18.779)
實例32
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
將(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(198.0g,0.45mol.)和三級丁醇鉀(102.0g,0.91mol.)在THF(1L)中的懸浮液冷卻到-20℃並保持30min,且在-20℃下添加(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇(48.0g,來自實例31)在THF(100mL)中的溶液且將反應混合物攪拌3hr。然後添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(600mL)並在室溫下將所得懸浮液
攪拌30min。在分離有機層後,通過添加2M硫酸氫鈉溶液將水性層調節到pH 6.0並用乙酸乙酯(600mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得145.0g粗制標題化合物。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化此產物的樣品。在60℃下4h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11-經保護他氟前列素。使用THF和水中的3N HCl將粗制11-經保護他氟前列素去保護。在25℃下1h後,添加碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制他氟前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,發現2.8% 5,6-反式異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.244-7.302(m,2H),6.941-6.984(m,1H),6.879-6.901(m,2H),6.085-6.187(m,1H),5.730-5.875(m,1H),5.305-5.435(m,2H),4.608-4.651(m,1H),4.034-4.195(m,3H),3.739-3.853(m,1H),3.378-3.458(m,1H),2.500-2.670(m,1H),2.226-2.331(m,4H),2.071-2.176(m,3H),1.399-1.783(m,12H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.516(177.448),157.971(157.926),138.983(dt),129.568,128.619,128.498,123.754(t),121.780(121.750),118.235(t),114.706,98.387(96.467),82.174(80.868),72.800,69.528(t),62.743(61.558),52.405,49.907,41.528,33.444,26.544,25.724,25.550,25.337,24.639,18.893
實例33
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
用2,2’-二吡啶二硫醚(90.0g,0.41mol.)和三苯基膦(123.0g,0.47mol.)處理(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-5-羥基-3-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(145.0g,來自實例32)在二甲苯(2L)中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌1hr。將所得混合物加熱到80℃並保持18hr(TLC監測),之後在減壓下移除二甲苯。用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(1.6L)稀釋殘餘物並用乙酸乙酯(1.6L)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得322.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供26.0g標題化合物(48%產率,3個步驟)。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解此產物的樣品。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11-經保護他氟前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制11-經保護他氟前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制11-經保護他氟前列素。使用THF和水中的3N HCl將粗制11-經保護他氟前列素去保護。在25℃下1h後,添加碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制他氟前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,發現0.4% 5,6-反式異構體,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,發現0.1%對映異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.257-7.306(m,2H),6.984(t,1H),
6.89(d,2H),6.061-6.157(m,1H),5.816-5.974(m,1H),5.315-5.371(m,1H),5.247-5.305(m,2H),4.589-4.632(m,1H),4.141-4.247(m,2H),3.893-4.047(m,1H),3.733-3.822(m,1H),3.374-3.456(m,1H),2.536-2.672(m,2H),2.334-2.416(m,3H),2.179-2.253(m,1H),2.051-2.108(m,1H),1.330-1.895(m,11H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.546(173.448),157.956(157.888),137.872(t),131.572,129.568,127.048,124.930(t),121.811,118.061(t),114.691,99.388(96.117),81.172(78.204),72.451(72.010),69.544(t),62.629,61.308,44.852,37.816,36.040,30.643,30.529,26.734(26.529),25.383,25.322,18.726
實例34
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-10-羥基-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(10.37g,54.5mmol)添加到(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-10-((四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(26.0g,來自實例33)在甲醇(200mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。然後,用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(300mL)淬滅反應混合物,且在減壓下移除甲醇。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取殘餘物。分離有機層。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮以獲得30.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供20.0g標題化合物(90.0%產
率)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.273-7.313(m,2H),6.976-7.018(m,1H),6.894-6.919(m,2H),6.050-6.100(m,1H),5.836-5.931(m,1H),5.305-5.373(m,1H),5.214-5.233(m,2H),4.206(t,2H),3.901-3.961(m,1H),2.536-2.612(m,1H),2.340-2.453(m,4H),2.176-2.238(m,3H),1.787-1.932(m,3H),1.620-1.723(m,2H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.463,157.880,137.492(t),131.633,129.743,127.018,125.378(t),121.902,118.023(t),114.767,76.094,72.246,69.399(t),55.843,45.649,40.594,36.040,26.734,26.582,25.322
實例35
(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4-苯基苯甲酸9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯基)-2,3,4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-十氫-2-氧代環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-10-基酯
用三乙胺(20.6g,0.20mol)、4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(0.62g,5.09mmol)和聯苯基-4-羰醯氯(33.0g,0.15mol)處理(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-10-羥基-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(20.0g,來自實例34)在THF(200mL)中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌18hr。將碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(200mL)傾倒在反應混合物中且將所得混合物攪拌5分鐘。分離有機層並用乙酸乙酯(400mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾
燥合併的有機層,過濾出固體且在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得40.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供20.0g標題化合物(69.0%產率)。使殘餘物從甲醇結晶以獲得白色結晶化合物(mp 105到109℃)。結晶標題化合物的x-射線粉末衍射圖具有以大約以下2θ度表示的特徵峰:5.0、6.2、7.6、9.5、10.1、11.5、12.6、13.7、15.2、18.0、19.4、21.2、23.1、23.6、24.4、25.7、28.0、37.9、44.1。
產物的異構體比率的測定:
使用甲醇和3N NaOH水解四種樣品(結晶前產物、第一次結晶的產物、第一次結晶的濾液和第二次結晶的產物)。在25℃下2h後,酸化混合物並用乙酸乙酯萃取。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制拉坦前列素酸。使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化粗制拉坦前列素酸。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並進行相分離,用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制拉坦前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽和Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示以下結果:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 8.055(d,2H),δ7.601(d,4H),δ7.477(t,2H),δ7.389-7.425(m,1H),7.206-7.258(m,2H),6.948(t,1H),6.832(d,2H)6.161-6.222(m,1H),5.890-5.984(m,1H),5.380-5.424(m,1H),5.321-5.371(m,2H),5.166-5.224(m,1H),4.126-4.199(m,2H),2.805-2.882(m,2H),2.394-2.507(m,3H),2.154-2.296(m,2H),1.949-1.991(m,3H),1.802-1.855(m,1H),1.647-1.769(m,1H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.401,166.042,157.833,145.780,139.924,136.440(t),131.856,130.099,129.541,128.941,128.634,128.205,127.279,127.044,126.763,125.628(t),121.738,118.000(t),114.668,77.779,72.416,69.452(t),52.811,44.997,38.404,36.040,26.818,26.666,25.444
實例36
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-3,5-二羥基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(他氟前列素酸)
用3N氫氧化鈉水溶液(80mL)處理(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4-苯基苯甲酸9-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯基)-2,3,4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-十氫-2-氧代環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-10-基酯(10.0g,來自實例35)在甲醇(60mL)和THF(160mL)中的溶液。在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌2hr。用3N鹽酸水溶液將反應混合物進一步調節到pH 8.5±0.2且在減壓下移除大部分溶劑。用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(200mL)和乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀釋殘餘物。在室溫下將混合物攪拌5分鐘。分開收集有機相和水性相。在室溫下用3N鹽酸水溶液將水性層調節到pH 3.0±0.2並用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得12g粗制他氟前列素酸。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化此產物的樣品。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制他氟前列素。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧
化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.264-7.311(m,2H),6.972-7.014(m,1H),6.897-6.926(m,2H),6.054-6.127(m,1H),5.750-5.845(m,1H),5.324-5.417(m,2H),4.149-4.218(m,3H),4.029(m,1H),2.435-2.495(m,1H),2.279-2.370(m,3H),2.014-2.194(m,4H),1.819-1.850(m,1H),1.562-1.728(m,3H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 177.972,157.926,138.547(t),129.910,129.606,128.779,123.723(t),121.826,118.167(t),114.774,77.863,73.324,69.437(t),55.532,50.393,42.788,32.935,26.377,25.694,24.427
實例37
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基丁-1-烯-1-基)-3,5-二羥基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯(他氟前列素)
用K2CO3(21.1g,0.12mol.)和2-碘丙烷(11.4g,0.08mol.)處理粗制他氟前列素酸(12.0g,來自實例36)在DMF(100mL)中的溶液。然後將此混合物在80℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。添加水(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(100mL)並將混合物攪拌10min。分離水性層且用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取,經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得14.0g粗制他氟前列素。通過柱色譜純化粗制他氟前列素且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供6.8g的他氟前列素(86%產率,2個步驟)。粗產物
的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.293(dd,2H),6.994(t,1H),6.912(d,2H),6.101(dd,1H),5.795(dt,1H),5.346-5.421(m,2H),4.994(heptet,1H),4.170-4.216(m,3H),4.019(m,1H),2.603(m,1H),2.446-2.462(m,2H),2.270-2.354(m,1H),2.256(t,2H),2.030-2.146(m,4H),1.839(d,1H),1.572-1.688(m,3H),1.220(d,6H)
13C-CMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.456,157.949,138.630(t),130.079,129.581,128.601,123.567(t),121.793,118.144(t),114.767,77.910,73.234,69.461(t),67.656,55.712,50.507,42.944,33.966,26.597,25.703,24.808,21.812,21.789
粗制他氟前列素還可如實例11和12中所述通過矽烷化和去矽烷化來純化。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體或雜質,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.257-7.304(m,2H),6.962-6.999(m,1H),6.898-6.923(m,2H),6.003-6.076(m,1H),5.757-5.852(m,1H),5.389-5.452(m,1H),5.267-5.330(m,1H),4.985(heptet,1H),4.088-4.226(m,3H),3.837-3.892(m,1H),2.495-2.519(m,1H),2.163-2.308(m,4H),1.985-2.100(m,3H),1.594-1.740(m,3H),1.461-1.512(m,1H),1.21(d,6H),10.887-0.991(m,18H),0.498-0.616(m,12H)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ 173.106,158.070,139.329(t),
129.500,129.333,129.211,124.179(t),121.644,118.152(t),114.699,76.428,71.623,69.544(t),67.312,54.469,49.323,45.087,34.112,26.704,25.049,24.859,21.793,6.847,6.688,4.988,4.745
實例38到45 製備異丙基烏諾前列酮和其中間體
實例38
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[3-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)癸基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇
將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基癸基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(29g,58.4mmol)在300ml甲苯中的溶液冷卻到-70℃且之後逐滴添加二異丁基氫化鋁(88ml,20%,在己烷中)。用10ml飽和氯化銨和150ml 2M NaHSO4淬滅反應混合物,同時攪拌30分鐘。然後,對混合物進行相分離且用甲苯萃取水性層。經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得32g粗產物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 4.972~5.616(m,1 H),4.606~4.754(m,2 H),3.501~4.057(m,4 H),1.177~2.300(m,28 H),0.826~0.952(m,12 H),0.595(m,1 H),-0.037~0.031(m,6 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 106.060(105.909,104.649,104.064,102.273),100.550(100.459,100.147,99.981),90.310(89.976,89.916,89.536,89.437,88.952,88.899),87.009(86.014,85.513,85.445,85.377,84.314),76.929(76.845,76.731,76.640,76.541,76.496,76.329),66.735(66.332,66.211,65.976),58.120(57.254,56.123,55.721,52.343,52.207,51.987,51.888,49.870,49.687,49.322,
49.186),46.734(46.688,46.620),45.474(45.277,43.994,42.954),41.671(41.565,41.474,41.079),40.707,39.584(39.546,39.493,39.371),36.244,35.273(35.181,34.885,34.825,34.627),34.225(34.195,34.104),33.716,33.307(33.223,33.079,32.973),30.331,29.891(29.800,29.724,29.640,29.602,29.352),28.206,24.320(23.591,23.500,23.356),22.490,18.521,11.386(9.518),0.053
實例39
(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)癸基)-5-羥基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
在1升圓底燒瓶中的將(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(102g,0.23mol)和三級丁醇鉀(52g,0.46mol)在THF(700mL)中的懸浮液冷卻到-20℃,並在-20℃下將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[3-(三級丁基二甲基-矽烷氧基)-癸基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)六氫-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇(32g,來自實例38)在150mL四氫呋喃中的溶液添加到燒瓶中且將反應混合物攪拌4小時。然後添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(300mL)並在室溫下將所得懸浮液攪拌30min。然後,對混合物進行相分離且用2M硫酸氫鈉溶液將水性層調節到pH 6.0,並用300mL乙酸乙酯萃取。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體並在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑以獲得61g粗產物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.238~5.449(m,2 H),4.590~4.662(m,1 H),4.067(m,1 H),3.803~3.936(m,2 H),3.403~3.531(m,2 H),1.897~2.145(m,8 H),1.227~1.859(m,26 H),0.844~0.919(m,12 H),0.529~0.568(m,1 H),0.00(m,6 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 172.165,135.337(133.272),133.044(132.923),101.506(101.400,100.808,100.717),87.441(87.312,86.401,84.815),79.289(79.213),77.004(76.860,76.769),67.114(67.061,66.575,66.477),56.298(56.222,55.964,55.941,54.476,54.431,54.385,54.332),44.988(44.927),42.870,41.550(41.512,41.466,41.428),39.766(39.667,39.667,39.607),37.959,35.274,35.569(35.181),34.233(34.217),34.043(33.876),33.747(33.663),31.849(31.758,31.538,31.485),30.992,30.346,29.853(29.807,29.732),29.193,27.098,24.077(24.024,23.614,23.533),22.612(22.566),18.543,11.401(9.518),0.038
實例40
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-[3-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)癸基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環-五[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
用2,2’-二吡啶二硫醚(36g,0.17mol)和三苯基膦(38g,0.43mol)處理(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3-(三級丁基二甲基-矽烷氧基)癸基)-5-羥基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(61g,來自實例39)在250mL二甲苯中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌1小時且將所得混合物加熱到80℃後保持18小時。然後,在減壓下移除二甲苯,並用200ml飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液稀釋殘餘物,且用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取兩次。經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫
液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為25g(75%,3個步驟)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.246~5.388(m,2 H),5.098(m,1 H),4.589(m,1 H),3.459~3.918(m,4 H),1.249~2.477(m,33 H),0.867~1.021(m,12 H),0.579(q,1 H),0.026(m,6 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 173.751(173.683),131.033,127.709(127.769),100.459(100.391,96.110,96.011),84.246(83.874,78.857,78.599),73.528,72.823(72.716,72.572,72.443),62.758(62.151,62.006),49.399,44.928(44.769,44.640,44.435),39.873(39.835),37.178(37.140),37.042(37.011),36.017,34.059(34.013),33.884(33.839),31.812,31.030,30.886,29.831(29.800),29.300,27.288(27.216),26.848(26.658,26.597),25.907,25.504(25.428,25.353,25.254,25.193),22.635,19.850(19.311,19.182),18.111,14.073,-4.409
實例41
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-(3-羥基癸基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-[3-(三級丁基二甲基矽烷氧基)癸基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環-五[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(25g,44mmol)在350mL四氫呋喃和49ml TBAF(1M,在四氫呋喃中)中的溶液添加到1升圓底燒瓶中。在50℃下將反應混合物攪拌3小時並用200ml飽和NaHCO3水溶液淬滅。然後,對混合物進
行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為15g(75%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.243~5.322(m,2 H),5.109(m,1 H),4.565~4.621(m,1 H),3.475~3.947(m,3 H),1.275~2.470(m,36 H),0.872(m,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ173.797(173.721),131.132,127.655,100.322(100.338,97.408,96.922),84.489(84.413,79.950,79.358),73.361,72.185(72.020,71.995,71.692),63.236(62.834,62.720),48.693,45.383(44.966,44.860),39.865(39.812),37.717(37.679),37.459(37.429),36.017,34.552(34.499,34.324,33.960),31.804,31.129(31.038,30.985),29.702(29.664,29.292),28.085,27.508,27.113,26.817(26.660),25.687(25.633),25.375,22.643,19.994(19.736),14.088
實例42
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-(3-氧代癸基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-[3-羥基)癸基)10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(15g,33mmol)溶解於1升圓底燒瓶中的150ml甲苯中。隨後,在0℃下將(2,2,6,6-四甲基-呱啶-1-基)氧自由基(1.05g,6.7mmol)、溴化鉀(3.96
g,33mmol)、72ml 3% NaHCO3水溶液和26ml 12% NaOCl水溶液添加到燒瓶中,之後添加300ml水和300mL乙酸乙酯。將反應混合物攪拌10分鐘。然後,對混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為14g(94%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.184~5.263(m,2 H),5.055(s,1H),4.475~4.528(m,1 H),3.413~3.3.885(m,3 H),2.609(t,1 H),1.974~2.537(m,11 H),1.474~1.817(m,13 H),1.213(m,8 H),0.813(m,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 211.400(211.020),173.653(173.546),131.124,127.526,100.330(97.013),84.762,70.502,63.031(62.781),45.141,44.738,42.924(42.879),40.169(39.994,39.843),37.285,31.615,31.129(31.114),29.193(29.163),29.026,26.969,26.620,25.580,25.444(25.406),25.337,33.834,22.544
實例43
(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-(3-氧代癸基)-10-羥基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-(3-氧代癸基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(14g,31mmol)溶解於1升圓底燒瓶中的140ml甲醇中。在室溫下將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.3g,1.6mmol)添加到此燒瓶中並保持3小時。然後,
用70ml飽和NaHCO3水溶液淬滅反應混合物且對混合物進行相分離並用乙酸乙酯萃取水性層。合併有機層並經無水MgSO4乾燥。過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物以獲得7g油化合物。在0℃下將油溶解於乙酸乙酯(35ml)中並添加正己烷(350ml),同時攪拌12h。過濾出固體並用正己烷洗滌以獲得5.6g白色結晶化合物(mp 57到60℃)。
結晶化合物的x-射線粉末衍射圖具有以大約以下2θ度表示的特徵峰:10.8、14.2、15.2、16.2、17.1、20.1、21.2、21.9、23.0、25.3、37.9、44.1。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.224~5.377(m,2 H),5.162(s,1H),3.811(q,1 H),2.559~2.652(m,2 H),2.238~2.441(m,6 H),1.911~2.226(m,4 H),1.811~1.894(m,2 H),1.481~1.722(m,7 H),1.270(m,8 H),0.872(t,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 211.863,173.569,131.261,127.458,77.513,73.999,51.820,46.249,42.977,41.072,40.298,36.093,31.653,29.193,29.057,27.394,26.696,25.542,25.421,23.842,22.590,14.058
實例44
(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-3-氧代癸基環戊基]庚-5-烯酸
在1升圓底燒瓶中將60ml 2-丙醇和8.5ml 3N氫氧化鉀水溶液中的(8aR,9R,10R,11aS,Z)-9-(3-氧代癸基)-10-羥基)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(5.5g,15mmol)回流並攪拌2小時。將混合物冷卻到室溫並用3N鹽酸水溶液調節到pH 8.5。隨後,
在減壓下移除2-丙醇並用100ml飽和NaHCO3水溶液稀釋反應物。用30mL乙酸乙酯將鹼性水溶液萃取兩次且用3N鹽酸水溶液將水性層調節到pH 3。然後,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取酸性水性層。經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層,過濾出固體並在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑以獲得6.5g粗制化合物。
產物中異構體含量的測定:
使用DMF中的K2CO3和2-碘丙烷酯化此產物的樣品。在60℃下2h後,添加水和乙酸乙酯並用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。在乾燥-濃縮萃取物後,獲得粗制異丙基烏諾前列酮。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.320~5.458(m,2 H),4.128(m,1H),3.862~3.870(m,1 H),2.540~2.652(dd,2 H),2.392(t,2 H),2.317(t,2 H),2.045~2.2826(m,8 H),1.340~1.9394(m,8 H),1.239(m,8 H),0.799~0.880(m,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 212.181,177.956,129.545,129.280,78.394,74.242,51.873,51.433,42.962,42.400,41.140,33.186,31.645,293.178,29.049,27.250,26.529,26.423,24.571,23.819,22.574,14.043
粗制異丙基烏諾前列酮還可如實例11和12中所述通過矽烷化和去矽烷化來純化。產物的使用ODS Hypersil的HPLC分析顯示,無可檢測異構體或雜質。產物的使用Chiralcel OD-H的HPLC分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.275到5.427(m,2 H),4.923到4.998(m,1H),4.027到4.055(m,1 H),3.645到3.697(m,1 H),2.014到2.533(m,12 H),1.430到1.725(m,8 H),1.173到1.232(m,14 H),0.817到0.950(m,21 H),0.499到0.570(m,12 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 211.308,173.061,129.829,129.067,76.709,71.434,67.259,49.528,48.275,44.374,42.826,40.769,34.142,31.630,29.201,29.034,26.711,26.559,25.611,24.950,23.895,22.544,21.762,13.959,6.794,4.942,4.897
實例45
(Z)-7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-(3-氧代癸基環戊基)-庚-5-烯酸異丙基酯
將(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-3-氧代癸基環-戊基]庚-5-烯酸(6.5g)溶解於250ml圓底燒瓶中的60ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中,之後添加碳酸鉀(6.2g,45mmol)和2-碘丙烷(5.1g,30mmol)。將反應混合物加熱到80℃並攪拌2小時。使混合物冷卻到室溫並過濾出固體。隨後用100mL乙酸乙酯和100ml水萃取濾液。對混合物進行相分離且經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層,過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為2.4g(37.7%,2個步驟)。粗產物的HPLC(菲羅門Luna 5μm二氧化矽)分析顯示,無可檢測異構體,且粗產物的HPLC(Chiralcel OD-H)分析顯示,無可檢測對映異構體。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 5.362~5.409(m,2 H),4.942~4.985(m,1H),4.126(m,1 H),3.851(m,1 H),1.901~3.061(m,12 H),1.181~1.778(m,
24 H),0.843(m,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 211.513,173.402,129.629,129.181,78.500,74.288,67.578,52.268,51.615,42.955,42.560,14.224,34.028,31.637,29.178,29.034,07.372,26.666,26.613,24.897,23.834,22.559,21.808,14.028
實例46到54 製備比馬前列素和其中間體
實例46
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-4-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮
在室溫下將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.3g,0.165mmol)添加到(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-5-羥基-4-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(10.0g,33.1mmol)和3,4-二氫-2H-吡喃(4.2g,49.7mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液中並將混合物攪拌2.5hr(TLC監測)。將碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(100mL)傾倒在反應混合物中並將混合物攪拌5分鐘。分離有機層並用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾出固體且在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得16.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物且之後在減壓下濃縮以提供14.0g標題化合物(89.9%產率)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.117~7.239(m,5 H),5.319~5.610(m,2 H),4.857~4.982(m,1 H),4.578~4.693(m,2 H),4.062~4.123(m,1 H),3.755~3.858(m,2 H),3.398~3.481(m.2 H),2.328~2.771(m,7 H),1.418~2.182(m,16 H)
實例47
(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-4-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-2H-環戊並[b]呋喃-2-醇
將(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-4-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]呋喃-2-酮(14.0g,來自實例46)溶解於甲苯(140mL)中,之後冷卻到-70℃,且逐滴添加DIBAL(1.0M,在己烷中,45mL)。然後通過在-70℃下添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(10mL)淬滅反應。在室溫下將所得混合物傾倒到90mL 2M硫酸氫鈉水溶液中並繼續攪拌30分鐘。在分離有機層後,將200mL甲苯添加到水性層中。在減壓下濃縮合併的有機層以獲得18.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.136~7.257(m,5 H),5.371~5.540(m,3 H),4.566~4.703(m,3 H),3.712~4.112(m,4 H),3.326~3.470(m,2 H),2.177~2.699(m,6 H),1.423~2.085(m,17 H)
實例48
7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
將(4-羧丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(52.8g,119mmol)和三級丁醇鉀(26.8g,238mmol)在THF(400mL)中的懸浮液冷卻到-20℃並保持30min。且在-20℃下添加(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-六氫-4-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-5-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)-2H-環戊並[b]呋
喃-2-醇(18g,來自實例47)在50mL THF中的溶液且將反應混合物攪拌16hr。然後添加氯化銨的飽和水溶液(200mL)並在室溫下將所得懸浮液攪拌30min。在分離有機層後,通過添加2M硫酸氫鈉溶液將水性層調節到pH 6.0並用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得32.0g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.349~7.430(m,2 H),7.041~7.155(m,3 H),5.270~5.537(m,4 H),4.620~4.688(m,2 H),3.745~4.048(m,3H),3.379~3.554(m,4 H),2.404~2.688(m,7 H),0.810~2.179(m,21 H)
實例49
(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫-9-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
用N,N-二異丙基-乙胺(12.3g,94.8mmol)和苯甲醯氯(7.9g,56.3mmol)處理7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(32g,來自實例48)在320mL二氯甲烷中的溶液。然後在室溫下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌10分鐘,之後在0℃下添加4-(二甲基氨基)-吡啶(11.9g,97.7mmol),同時攪拌10分鐘。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(300mL)淬滅所得混合物並用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮以獲得29.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供9.4g標題化合物(58.6%產率,3個步驟)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.110~7.307(m,5 H),5.185~5.508(m,5 H),4.651~4.754(m,2 H),3.837~4.148(m,4H),3.418~3.472(m,2 H),
2.186~2.750(m,9 H),1.542~2.131(m,19 H)
實例50
(5Z)-N-乙基-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯醯胺
用THF中的2M乙胺(31ml)處理(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫-9-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(3.0g,5.57mmol)在15mL四氫呋喃(THF)中的溶液。在40℃下在氮氣氛下將此混合物攪拌並加熱18小時。用50ml水稀釋混合物且用1N HCl將pH調節到6。分離各層,並用20mL乙酸乙酯將水性層萃取兩次。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層並在減壓下濃縮。然後,通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供2.4g標題化合物(73.8%產率)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.148~7.284(m,5 H),5.364~5.596(m,5 H),4.669~4.721(m,2 H),4.048~4.122(m,3 H),3.777~3.869(m,2 H),3.459(m,2 H),3.235(m,2 H),1.906~2.748(m,11 H),1.503~1.810(m,8 H),1.095(t,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 172.863,142.160,136.164,135.860,131.397(131.352),129.948(129.894),129.044(129.006),128.354,125.758,98.174(96.178),94.630(94.508),82.288(80.959),75.388(75.335),73.240(72.754),62.773(62.226),62.097(61.589),53.232(52.989),50.590(50.454),41.543,39.660,37.619(37.573),35.979,34.264,
32.123,31.607,30.802,30.635,26.711,25.656,25.557,25.451(25.368),19.683(19.531,19.478,18.08),14.885
實例51
比馬前列素
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.03g,0.17mmol)添加到(5Z)-N-乙基-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-羥基-2-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊基)庚-5-烯醯胺(2.0g,3.4mmol)在甲醇(20mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2小時。然後,用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(50mL)洗滌反應混合物。分離各層,並用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取水性層。經硫酸鎂乾燥有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。使殘餘物從己烷和乙酸乙酯結晶以獲得呈白色結晶型的比馬前列素(77.5%產率)。粗產物的UPLC(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18)分析顯示,未發現5,6-反式異構體、15β-異構體或任何其它異構體。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.153~7.279(m,5 H),5.812(m,1 H),5.319~5.610(m,4 H),4.055~4.128(m,2 H),3.910(m,1 H),3.863~3.876(m,1H),3.287~3.440(m,2 H),3.195~3.250(m,2 H),2.618~2.716(m,2 H),1.429~2.365(m,14 H),1.093(t,3 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 173.252,142.001,135.030,133.093,129.695,129.120,128.410,128.333,125.756,77.773,72.416,72.189,55.573,50.297,42.912,38.738,35.827,34.352,31.862,26.663,25.590,25.367,14.781
實例52
(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫-10-羥基-9-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮
將對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.16g,0.84mmol)添加到(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫-9-((S,E)-5-苯基-3-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)戊-1-烯基)-10-(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(9.0g,16.7mmol)在甲醇(90mL)中的攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌2hr(TLC監測)。然後,用碳酸氫鈉飽和水溶液(100mL)洗滌反應混合物。分離有機層並用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取水層。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併的有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮以獲得9.0g粗產物。通過柱色譜純化粗產物,從而提供3.5g標題化合物(56.5%產率)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.249~7.285(m,2 H),7.155~7.189(m,3H),5.613~5.671(m,1 H),5.294~5.416(m,2 H),4.040~4.135(m,2 H),3.754(q,1 H),3.657(br s,1 H),3.311(br s,1 H),2.555~2.691(m,3 H),2.319~2.398(m,3 H),2.159~2.290(m,2 H),2.094~2.111(m,2 H),1.542~1.960(m,8 H)
實例53
(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸
在50mL圓底燒瓶中將(6Z,8aR,9R,10R,11aS)-4,5,8,8a,9,10,11,11a-八氫-10-羥基-9-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊並[b]氧雜環癸四烯-2(3H)-酮(2g,5.4mmol)在20ml 2-丙醇和6.3ml 3N氫氧化鉀水溶
液中的溶液回流並攪拌2小時。將混合物冷卻到室溫並用3N鹽酸水溶液調節到pH 8.5。隨後,在減壓下移除2-丙醇並用30ml飽和NaHCO3水溶液稀釋所得混合物、用30mL乙酸乙酯將鹼性水溶液萃取兩次且用3N鹽酸水溶液將水性層調節到pH 3。然後,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取酸性水性層。經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層,過濾出固體並在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑以獲得2g粗制標題化合物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.160~7.253(m,5 H),5.327~5.589(m,4 H),4.012(m,2H),3.904(m,2 H),1.265~2.656(m,18 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 177.626,141.832,134.840,133.160,129.626,129.107,128.397,128.351,125.794,77.412,72.397,72.305,55.183,49.977,42.634,38.443,33.023,31.794,26.252,25.176,24.458
實例54
(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸甲基酯
將(5Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((S,E)-3-羥基-5-苯基戊-1-烯基)環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(2g,來自實例53)溶解於50mL圓底燒瓶中的20ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中,之後添加碳酸鉀(2.2g,16.2mmol)和碘甲烷(1.1g,8.1mmol)。將反應混合物加熱到40℃並攪拌2小時。使混合物冷卻到室溫並過濾出固體。隨後用20mL乙酸乙酯和20ml水稀釋並萃取濾液。對混合物進行相分離且經無水MgSO4乾燥有機層,過濾出固體且在真空下蒸發出有機溶劑。使用己烷與乙酸乙酯的混合物作為梯度洗脫液通過矽膠色譜純化粗產物。標題化合物的產率為1.6g(73.5%,2個步驟)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ 7.183~7.268(m,5 H),5.371~5.608(m,4 H),4.091~4.153(m,2H),3.916(m,1 H),3.639(s,3H),2.686(m,3 H),1.487~2.686(m,16 H)
13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ 177.345,141.886,135.084,133.067,129.655,129.027,128.398,128.349,125.796,77.820,72.648,72.227,55.672,51.566,50.205,42.840,38.745,33.360,31.813,26.581,25.4716,24.744
Claims (36)
- 一種製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式I-2化合物的方法,
- 如請求項1之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含水解所述大環內酯以形成含有羥基和羧酸的化合物和隨後酯化所述羧酸。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含使所述大環內酯與選自由C1-7烷醇、C1-7烷氧化物、C1-7烷氧化物鹽或其混合物組成的群組的親核試劑反應以形成含有羥基和酯基的化合物。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中所述親核試劑是2-丙醇、2-丙醇鈉或其混合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含通過以下方式純化所述式I-2化合物:用矽烷化劑矽烷化所述式I-2化合物中的所有羥基以形成式I-2”化合物,
- 如請求項5之方法,其中所述矽烷化劑是選自三甲基氯矽烷、三乙基氯矽烷、二甲基(辛基)氯矽烷和三級丁基二甲基氯矽烷。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中所述式I-2化合物是選自由拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素、他氟前列素、異丙基氯前列醇和異丙基烏諾前列酮組成的群組。
- 如請求項1之方法,其用於製備曲伏前列素:
- 如請求項8之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含水解所述式IIa化合物以形成曲伏前列素酸,和隨後酯化所述曲伏前列素酸以形成曲伏前列素。
- 如請求項1之方法,其用於製備拉坦前列素:
- 如請求項10之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含水解所述式IIb化合物以形成拉坦前列素酸,和隨後酯化所述拉坦前列素酸以形成拉坦前列素。
- 如請求項1之方法,其用於製備他氟前列素:
- 如請求項12之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含水解所述式IIc化合物以形成他氟前列素酸,和隨後酯化所述他氟前列素酸以形成他氟前列素。
- 如請求項12之方法,其進一步包含醯化所述式IIc化合物以形成式IIc’化合物
- 如請求項14之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含打開所述大環內酯環和 通過水解式IIc’化合物移除所述醯基以形成他氟前列素酸,和隨後酯化他氟前列素酸以形成他氟前列素。
- 如請求項1之方法,其用於製備異丙基烏諾前列酮:
- 如請求項16之方法,其中所述轉酯化包含水解所述式IId化合物以形成經酮基官能團保護的烏諾前列酮或烏諾前列酮,和隨後酯化所述經酮基官能團保護的烏諾前列酮或烏諾前列酮以形成經酮基官能團保護的異丙基烏諾前列酮或異丙基烏諾前列酮。
- 如請求項16之方法,其進一步包含移除所述式IIId、IId或I-2d’化合物中羰基的所述保護基團 以形成其中是的相應式IIId、IId或I-2d’化合物。
- 如請求項16之方法,其進一步包含移除其中是或的 所述式IIId化合物中的所述保護基團P2,和隨後氧化所得羥基以 形成其中是的相應式IIId化合物。
- 一種製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式IV化合物的方法,
- 如請求項20之方法,其用於製備式IV-2e的經保護比馬前列素
- 一種製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式III化合物的方法,
- 一種製備實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的式III化合物的方法,
- 一種化合物,其選自由以下組成的群組:
- 一種實質上不含5,6-反式異構體和15β-異構體的化合物,其選自由以下組成的群組:
- 如請求項25之化合物,其中R8是甲基、苯基或對苯基苯基。
- 一種化合物,其選自由以下組成的群組:實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的曲伏前列素游離酸、實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的拉坦前列素游離酸、實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的比馬前列素游離酸、實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的他氟前列素游離酸、實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的氟前列醇、實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的氯前列醇和實質上不含5,6-反式異構體的烏諾前列酮。
- 如請求項27之化合物,其含有少於0.1%的5,6-反式異構體。
- 一種不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其選自由以下組成的群組:含有少於0.2%異構體的拉坦前列素、含有少於0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的曲伏前列素、含有少於0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的他氟前列素和含有少於0.5%異構體且每一單一異構體少於0.1%的烏諾前列酮異丙基酯。
- 如請求項29之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述拉坦前列素含有少於0.1%的異構體。
- 如請求項29之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述曲伏前列素含有少於0.2%的異構體。
- 如請求項31之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述曲伏前列素含有少於0.1%的異構體。
- 如請求項29之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述他氟前列素含有少於0.2%的異構體。
- 如請求項33之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述他氟前列素含有少於0.1%的異構體。
- 如請求項29之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述烏諾前列酮異丙基酯含有少於0.2%的異構體。
- 如請求項35之不含異構體的前列腺素類似物,其中所述烏諾前列酮異丙基酯含有少於0.1%的異構體。
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