TW201505036A - 簡易清潔的電纜 - Google Patents
簡易清潔的電纜 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201505036A TW201505036A TW103109777A TW103109777A TW201505036A TW 201505036 A TW201505036 A TW 201505036A TW 103109777 A TW103109777 A TW 103109777A TW 103109777 A TW103109777 A TW 103109777A TW 201505036 A TW201505036 A TW 201505036A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/4486—Protective covering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/32—Filling or coating with impervious material
- H01B13/322—Filling or coating with impervious material the material being a liquid, jelly-like or viscous substance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種電纜，其具有導體(其具有聚合物包覆層)及非擠出式塗層(其係由基於包括聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺之液體組合物之材料製成)。本發明亦提供製備電纜之方法。
Description
本申請案主張2013年3月15日提出申請且特此以全文引用方式併入本申請案中之美國臨時申請案第61/794,611號之優先權。
本發明係關於用於上面具有塗層之電線或電纜之包覆物(絕緣體或護套)組合物，該塗層使得該電纜包覆物能夠易於清潔並擺脫污垢。
電纜，尤其在戶外使用者往往吸引並沾染黏著至電纜之污垢及污染物。此在電纜頻繁地藉由在地面上拖曳而移動時(例如船及遊艇用充電電纜)尤其如此。電纜隨時間而在其外表面上積聚污垢及污染物且變得難看，但該等污垢及污染物難以在不磨損及/或破壞包覆物之表面之情形下清潔。包覆物之磨損通常因使得電纜對污垢及污染物更有吸引力而加劇該問題。
因此，業內需要耐污垢及污染物且外表面可易於清潔而不磨損及/或損害包覆物之電纜。
根據一個實施例，電纜包括導體、聚合物包覆層及由基於液體組合物之材料製得之非擠出式塗層。液體組合物包括聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺。
根據另一實施例，製備電纜之方法包括提供已包覆包覆層之導體，利用液體組合物塗覆包覆層之外表面，及固化液體聚合物樹脂。液體組合物包括聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺。
100‧‧‧電纜
102‧‧‧導體
104‧‧‧絕緣體
106‧‧‧塗層
200‧‧‧電纜
202‧‧‧絕緣導體
204‧‧‧護套
206‧‧‧塗層
圖1係本發明之一個實施例之剖面圖。
圖2係本發明之另一實施例之剖面圖。
圖3係顯示已浸漬在模擬污垢中但尚未清潔之電纜之相片。
圖4係顯示未經塗覆之電纜與塗覆有本發明之一種組合物之電纜間之比較之相片。
圖5a至圖5c係顯示硬脂醯胺於液體塗層組合物中之不同濃度間之比較之相片。
本發明提供一種耐污垢及污染物且能夠易於清潔而不損害電纜包覆物之電纜。本發明提供一種電纜，其包括導體或電纜核心、包覆物(護套或絕緣體)及包圍包覆物之塗層。該塗層可由基於含有聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺之液體組合物之材料製得。在一個實施例中，聚合物樹脂可為胺基甲酸酯組合物。在另一實施例中，聚合物樹脂可為環氧樹脂組合物。該塗層並非擠出層，此乃因聚合物樹脂液體組合物因其黏度較低而不適於擠出。該等電纜可具有約6mm至約40mm之直徑。
本發明亦提供一種製備能夠易於清潔而不損害電纜包覆物之電纜之方法。首先可利用由聚合物材料製得之包覆層包覆導體。該包覆物在業內通常用作電纜護套及/或絕緣體層。然後，可利用由聚合物樹脂液體及脂肪酸醯胺製得之塗層尤其在外表面上塗覆包覆物。
圖1顯示本發明之一個實施例。在該實施例中，電纜100包括導體102、包覆導體102之絕緣體104及塗層106。塗層106可以使得電纜
在不損害絕緣體104下進行清潔。
圖2顯示本發明之另一實施例。在該實施例中，電纜200包括複數個絕緣導體202，該等絕緣導體可包覆護套204。護套204之外層可塗覆塗層206，從而使得電纜可以在不損害護套204下進行清潔。
在某些實施例中，導體可為光學導體或電導體。光學導體可為(例如)業內已知之光學纖維。電導體可為(例如)業內已知之銅或鋁導體。
包覆物可為業內通常使用之之任一絕緣體或護套。包覆物可具有可為橡膠或聚烯烴之聚合物基礎。聚烯烴可包括聚乙烯(例如低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯、高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE)、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHDPE)、線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、極低密度聚乙烯等)、馬來酸化聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚己烯、聚辛烯及其共聚物，及乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物，及其混合物、摻合物或摻雜物。本發明之包覆物聚合物亦可包括熱塑性彈性體(TPE)、氯丁橡膠(neoprene)、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、丁腈橡膠(nitrile butadiene rubber)/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)或其組合。用於包覆物之組合物之適宜實例可為如下者：
除基礎聚合物以外，包覆物可包括業內已知之其他添加劑，包括(但不限於)阻焰劑、填充劑、抗氧化劑、加工助劑、著色劑及穩定劑。
塗層可由基於包括聚合物樹脂及一級或二級脂肪酸醯胺之液體組合物之材料製得。由於液體組合物可具有相對低的黏度，故塗層並非係擠出的。而是，可藉由如下文所詳述之塗刷、噴霧或浸漬製程施加塗層。液體塗層材料可包括聚合物樹脂、脂肪酸醯胺及溶劑。脂肪酸醯胺可以約5%或更少之量(以液體塗層組合物之重量計)存在，在某些實施例中約0.5%至約5%。可使用(例如)業內已知之技術將脂肪酸醯胺分散於樹脂及溶劑中。該等溶劑可包括混合物或單一溶劑。適宜溶劑可包括水及/或N-甲基吡咯啶酮，以及基於水之乳液系統。液體組
合物亦可包括分散劑、抗沉降助劑、潤濕劑、UV穩定劑、熱穩定劑、表面活性劑及/或其組合。液體組合物之固體含量在一個實施例中可為約25%至約60%(以總液體組合物之重量計)，在某些實施例中為約30%至約65%，且在某些實施例中為約35%至約50%。
在一個實施例中，聚合物樹脂可為胺基甲酸酯液體組合物，且在某些實施例中為基於水之胺基甲酸酯組合物。兩部分或單一胺基甲酸酯組合物可適用於本發明。可易於使用單一部分組合物。兩部分系統通常可包括第一部分(其包括樹脂)及第二部分(其包括固化劑)。當混合兩部分時，組合物可固化以形成熱固物。可易於使用單一部分系統，此乃因無需混合成份。可簡單施加組合物而不進行任何預混合或製備。塗層可基於單一部分之基於水之胺基甲酸酯樹脂。
除聚合物樹脂以外，塗層組合物亦可包括脂肪酸醯胺，包括一級及二級脂肪酸醯胺。脂肪酸醯胺可包括脂肪酸之脂肪基團係C11至C21烷基或烯基之分子。脂肪酸醯胺之實例包括(但不限於)油醯胺、芥酸醯胺、硬脂醯胺、山萮酸醯胺、油基棕櫚醯胺、硬脂基芥酸醯胺、乙烯-雙硬脂醯胺或乙烯-雙油醯胺。在一個實施例中，脂肪酸醯胺可為乙烯-雙硬脂醯胺。
可使用業內已知之方法將包覆層施加至電纜上。通常，可將包覆層擠出至裸導體上以形成絕緣體層，或擠出至至少一個絕緣導體上以形成護套。施加包覆層之擠出方法係業內習知者。
可直接或在已製備表面後將塗層混合物施加至包覆層之外表面。該製備法可包括清潔包覆物之外表面或處理該表面，以改良塗層之黏著性。該製備法可使用肥皂及水簡單清潔，來進行電暈處理或火焰處理。可使用異丙醇擦拭包覆物，乾燥並加熱。在某些實施例中，可在加熱至約90℃至約200℃之烘箱中加熱約1秒至約1分鐘，在某些實施例中約2秒至約30秒，且在某些實施例中約3秒至約10秒。
在實施例中，可藉由噴霧法施加塗層混合物組合物。可使用10-45psi壓力之噴槍，且藉助空氣壓力進行控制。可將噴槍噴嘴置於導體之相對方向(為約90°角度)，以在導體產品上得到均勻塗層。在某些情形下，可使用兩個或更多個噴槍來得到更有效的塗層。可藉由混合物黏度、噴槍壓力及導體線路速度控制塗層厚度。在施加塗層期間，溫度可視包覆物及/或塗層之材料而定，維持在約室溫下。
另一選擇為，可藉由浸漬或塗刷將塗層施加至已包覆之電纜上。此時，可將該已包覆之電纜浸漬至液體塗層混合物中，使混合物完全塗覆導體。然後，自塗層混合物中取出電纜並固化。在塗刷時，可使用刷子或滾筒將液體塗層混合物塗刷至包覆層之外表面上。
在施加後，可讓塗層在室溫或最多320℃之升高之溫度下乾燥/固化，在某些實施例中約200℃至約320℃，且在某些實施例中約240℃至約260℃約10秒至約60分鐘，在某些實施例中約10秒至約15分鐘，且在某些實施例中約10秒至約3分鐘。可在線上及/或離線進行固化/乾燥。在某些實施例中，線上固化足以達成無黏性塗層。
可利用機器人系統自動實施塗覆製程。可在以下三個步驟中運行自動製程：1)製備包覆層之外表面；2)在包覆層之外表面上施加塗層；及3)固化塗層。塗覆製程可為分批、半分批或連續式，且對於自動化，連續塗覆製程尤其有效。連續塗覆製程之線路速度在某些實施例中可為10-750英呎/分鐘，在某些實施例中為約300-600英呎/分鐘，且在某些實施例中為約400-500英呎/分鐘。
在完全乾燥/固化後，塗層之厚度在某些實施例中可為約2密耳或更小，在某些實施例中為約1密耳或更小，且在某些實施例中為約0.5密耳或更小。乾燥/固化塗層在某些實施例中亦可含有約15%或更少之脂肪酸醯胺(以乾燥/固化塗層之重量計)，在某些實施例中約2%至約15%，且在某些實施例中約5%至約15%。該濃度可因揮發性組份在乾
燥/固化製程期間之蒸發而遠遠高於液體塗層組合物之濃度。
塗層可使得電纜易於清潔而不損害包覆層。塗層亦可使得電纜更耐污垢及污染物。
未進行進一步闡述，人們相信，熟習此項技術者可使用前述闡述及以下闡釋性實例來製備及利用本發明化合物並實踐所主張之方法。給出以下實例來闡釋本發明。應瞭解，本發明並非限於此實例中所闡述之特定條件或細節。
在測試中使用電線試樣(16AWG Wire PE 31.13.000605)以及不同的塗層組合物。
塗覆程序：將10"之一部分電線在450℉(約232℃)下加熱2分鐘，且然後藉由用海綿刷擦拭施加塗層。
固化程序：將熱搶施加2分鐘直至試樣乾燥且無黏性為止。
塗層品質檢查：在具有與電纜之直徑相同大小之心軸上實施手動彎曲。對於欲測試之電纜，必須不破裂或脫層。
測試程序：
模擬污垢組合物含有N660碳黑。將電纜浸漬至含有模擬污垢之托盤中並加以滾動以塗覆所有側。然後，自托盤移除電纜並抖落過量模擬污垢。然後，使試樣靜置10分鐘，之後清潔。清潔程序涉及將試樣電纜在流水下沖洗1min，隨後用肥皂及水洗滌。在測試程序之前及測試程序之後對電纜實施拍照。
圖3顯示在浸漬至模擬污垢之後且在清潔之前之電纜。
圖4顯示未經塗覆之電纜與經胺基甲酸酯及乙烯-雙硬脂醯胺(5%，以液體組合物之重量計)之水性液體懸浮液塗覆之電纜之清潔能力之比較。
圖5a至圖5c顯示不同濃度之硬脂醯胺(0.5%、1%、2%、5%、
10%及15%)對組合物之效應。所顯示硬脂醯胺%係以硬脂醯胺基於總水性液體塗層組合物之重量計之濃度。超過約5%，電纜之表面顯現粗糙。
已出於闡釋及闡述之目的呈現實施例及實例之上述闡述。其並非意欲詳盡無疑或限於所闡述之形式。可根據上文教示作出多種修改。已論述彼等修改之一部分且熟習此項技術者將瞭解其他修改。選擇並闡述該等實施例以闡釋各種實施例。範圍當然並不限於本文所闡述之實例或實施例，但其由可熟習此項技術者用於任一數量之應用及等效裝置中。而是，該範圍在本文中意欲由其隨附之申請專利範圍所界定。另外，對於所主張及/或闡述之任何方法，無論該方法是否結合流程圖進行闡述，人們皆應瞭解，除非上下文另有說明或需要，否則在執行方法中所實施之任一明確或隱含之步驟排序並不暗指彼等步驟必須以所呈現之順序實施，而是其可以不同順序或並行實施。
100‧‧‧電纜
102‧‧‧導體
104‧‧‧絕緣體
106‧‧‧塗層
Claims (30)
- 一種電纜，其包含：a.一或多個導體；b.聚合物包覆層；及c.由基於液體組合物之材料製得之非擠出式塗層，該液體組合物包含聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該一或多個導體包含光學導體或電導體。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該包覆層包含聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、高分子量聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、線性低密度聚乙烯、極低密度聚乙烯、馬來酸化聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚己烯、聚辛烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、熱塑性彈性體、氯丁橡膠(neoprene)、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、丁腈橡膠(nitrile butadiene rubber)/聚氯乙烯，或其共聚物或摻合物。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該聚合物樹脂包含環氧樹脂或胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該脂肪酸醯胺包含油醯胺、芥酸醯胺、硬脂醯胺、山萮酸醯胺、油基棕櫚醯胺、硬脂基芥酸醯胺、乙烯-雙硬脂醯胺或乙烯-雙油醯胺。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該非擠出式塗層具有約5密耳或更小之厚度。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該非擠出式塗層包含約5重量%或更少之該脂肪酸醯胺。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該聚合物樹脂經固化。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該聚合物包覆層係用於該電纜之絕緣體層或護套層。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該聚合物包覆層包圍該一或多個導體。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該非擠出式塗層係施加至該聚合物包覆層之外表面。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該一或個導體包含複數個絕緣導體。
- 如請求項12之電纜，其中該聚合物包覆層包圍該複數個絕緣導體。
- 如請求項1之電纜，其中該液體組合物進一步包含溶劑。
- 一種製備電纜之方法，該方法包括：a.提供一或多個已包覆聚合物包覆層之導體；b.利用液體組合物塗覆該聚合物包覆層之外表面，該液體組合物包含聚合物樹脂及脂肪酸醯胺；及c.固化該液體聚合物樹脂。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該一或多個導體包含光學導體或電導體。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層包含聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、高分子量聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、線性低密度聚乙烯、極低密度聚乙烯、馬來酸化聚丙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚己烯、聚辛烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、熱塑性彈性體、氯丁橡膠、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、丁腈橡膠/聚氯乙烯，或其共聚物或摻合物。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物樹脂包含環氧樹脂或胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該脂肪酸醯胺包含油醯胺、芥酸醯胺、硬脂醯胺、山萮酸醯胺、油基棕櫚醯胺、硬脂基芥酸醯 胺、乙烯-雙硬脂醯胺或乙烯-雙油醯胺。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該液體組合物進一步包含溶劑。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該液體組合物包含約5重量%或更少之該脂肪酸醯胺。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層外表面之塗覆法係採用噴霧、浸漬或塗刷法進行。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層外表面之塗覆法係在室溫下進行。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中在塗覆該聚合物包覆層外表面之前，先清潔該聚合物包覆層外表面，並乾燥。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該液體聚合物樹脂之固化法係在約200℃至約320℃之溫度下進行。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層外表面之塗覆法及該液體聚合物樹脂之固化法係自動化進行。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該非擠出式塗層具有約5密耳或更小之厚度。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層係用於該電纜之絕緣體層或護套層。
- 如請求項15之方法，其中該一或個導體包含複數個絕緣導體。
- 如請求項29之方法，其中該聚合物包覆層包覆該複數個絕緣導體。
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-
2014
- 2014-03-13 US US14/209,613 patent/US11011283B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-14 BR BR112015022954-9A patent/BR112015022954B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-14 WO PCT/US2014/028896 patent/WO2014144472A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-14 MX MX2015011419A patent/MX2015011419A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-14 CA CA2902208A patent/CA2902208C/en active Active
- 2014-03-14 TW TW103109777A patent/TWI560724B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-03-14 EP EP14764559.2A patent/EP2973608B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140329088A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| BR112015022954A8 (pt) | 2019-11-26 |
| WO2014144472A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
| BR112015022954A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
| EP2973608A4 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
| MX2015011419A (es) | 2016-02-03 |
| TWI560724B (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| CA2902208C (en) | 2020-05-05 |
| EP2973608A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| EP2973608B1 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
| CA2902208A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
| BR112015022954B1 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
| CL2015002451A1 (es) | 2016-01-22 |
| US11011283B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
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