TW201439174A - 具改良可撓性之可膨脹聚合組成物及相應製法 - Google Patents
具改良可撓性之可膨脹聚合組成物及相應製法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201439174A TW201439174A TW102146005A TW102146005A TW201439174A TW 201439174 A TW201439174 A TW 201439174A TW 102146005 A TW102146005 A TW 102146005A TW 102146005 A TW102146005 A TW 102146005A TW 201439174 A TW201439174 A TW 201439174A
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- olefin elastomer
- polyolefin
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SQMZNUYQLISRTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1CC2C=CC1(C(C)C)C2 SQMZNUYQLISRTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITDAQLHXXNAAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene Chemical compound C1CCCC2=C1C=C1C=CC=C(C)C1=C2 ITDAQLHXXNAAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/224—Surface treatment
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種聚合組成物,其包含:a)乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或共聚物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於50重量%至99重量%範圍內,b)聚烯烴或與酯之相應共聚物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內,c)接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之烯烴彈性體,其量相對於(a)+(b)之總和計算介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內,d)膨脹劑,其量相對於(a)+(b)+(c)之總和計算介於1重量%至10重量%範圍內。
Description
本發明係關於具增強可撓性之含有乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或共聚物之可膨脹聚合組成物,及用於製備該等組成物之方法。
在本專利申請案中,即使未明確聲明,本文中出現之所有操作條件亦均應視為較佳條件。
出於本發明之目的,術語「包含(comprising)」或「包括(including)」亦包括術語「由……組成(consisting of)」或「基本上由……組成(essentially consisting of)」。
出於本發明之目的,除非另外規定,否則範圍之定義始終包括極限值。
基於聚苯乙烯之膨脹發泡體為剛性的且因此不適合於封裝領域中之許多應用。此等發泡體為具有封閉氣室之發泡體且因而其低彈性在許多應用中呈現為顯著缺點,因為其不能對所封裝之物品提供針對衝擊之適當保護作用。基於聚苯乙烯之發泡體中之經模製之最終產品即使因小變形亦會發生斷裂,從而因所遭受的損害而妨礙其後續使用。
苯乙烯聚合物與聚烯烴及可能存在之相容劑之可膨脹摻合物在此項技術中已知。舉例而言,使用氫化之苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(DE 2,413,375、DE 2,413,408或DE 3,814.783)。另外,使用該等摻合物獲得之發
泡體相對於使用單獨苯乙烯聚合物製備之發泡體具有改良之機械特性,詳言之改良之彈性及在低溫下降低的脆性。另外,對於諸如芳族化合物(例如甲苯)或酯之溶劑的化學抗性優於苯乙烯聚合物發泡體之化學抗性。然而,此等摻合物之可膨脹性因其短存放期(亦即,其快速地失去膨脹劑)而為不充分的,從而使其極難以達到所需密度。
彈性發泡體之製造亦已知,其中使用經由以下製備之互穿聚合物:在水性懸浮液中在聚烯烴存在下使苯乙烯聚合,從而形成由苯乙烯聚合物及聚烯烴聚合物構成的互穿晶格(US 2004/0152795)。然而,亦在此情形下,膨脹劑快速地擴散至材料珠粒外部且因此必須在低溫下儲存。此外,其可加工性限於短時期。
WO 2008/050909描述具有核-殼結構之互穿彈性發泡體,在該結構中,在聚烯烴殼下,存在互穿聚苯乙烯-聚烯烴聚合物核。彈性及抗斷裂性優於聚苯乙烯且通常用於運輸行業中之封裝或用作汽車中之減震器。亦在此情形下,室溫下之存放期較短。
例如由聚烯烴(可膨脹互穿聚合物)構成之已知彈性發泡體與膨脹之EPS珠粒即使在少量混合時亦具有不良相容性,從而產生脆性最終產品。
US 2011/0065819描述可膨脹彈性聚合物,其包含:
- 1-45%聚烯烴
- 0-25%具有低於105℃之熔點的聚烯烴
- 0.1-9.9%苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物
- 0.1-9.89%苯乙烯-乙烯共聚物
其中分散相具有介於1至1,500nm範圍內之直徑。該產品具有最佳彈性特性、長存放期且可與標準EPS相容。然而,其難以藉助於擠壓或連續本體法(continuous mass)製備,因為用於擠壓之高溫會損害(例如藉由交
聯)苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(歸因於雙鍵)。
本發明之目標為提供可膨脹彈性聚合組成物,其可保證長存放期,具有較少膨脹劑損失及易加工性,從而達成低密度。
為此,申請人意外地發現併入接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之烯烴彈性體與聚烯烴的組合賦予所產生之聚合組成物以最佳彈性特性(緩衝作用)。
因此,本發明之一具體實例係關於一種聚合組成物,其包含:a)乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或共聚物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於50重量%至99重量%範圍內,b)聚烯烴或與酯之相應共聚物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內,c)接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之烯烴彈性體,其量相對於a)+b)之總和計算介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內,d)膨脹劑,其量相對於a)+b)+c)之總和計算介於1重量%至10重量%範圍內。
該等組成物具有最佳彈性、高抗斷裂性及減震性,以及良好剛性。此等組成物之另一優勢在於其與習知乙烯系芳族聚合物(例如EPS)之相容性,藉此其可與該等聚合物混合且容易地經加工以便獲得具有良好機械特性之最終產品。
本發明之一目標係關於一種聚合組成物,其包含:
a)乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或(共)聚合物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於50重量%至99重量%範圍內,b)聚烯烴或與酯之相應共聚物,其量相對於總體組成物計算介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內,c)接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之烯烴彈性體,其量相對於a)+b)之總和計算介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內,d)膨脹劑,其量相對於a)+b)+c)之總和計算介於1重量%至10重量%範圍內。
當組分(a)及(b)以介於10至2,000nm、較佳100至1,000nm範圍內之平均直徑分散時,膨脹劑之損失較低。具有高於2,000nm之直徑的分散體引起膨脹劑較快速損失。
本文中之術語乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或共聚物(a)指具有介於50,000至300,000、較佳70,000至220,000範圍內之重量平均分子量(Mw)之聚合產物。該等乙烯系芳族聚合物可藉由使包含50重量%至100重量%、較佳75重量%至98重量%之一或多種乙烯系芳族單體及介於0重量%至50重量%、較佳2重量%至25重量%範圍內之量的至少一種可與乙烯系芳族單體共聚合之單體(均勻地包裹於聚合物中)之單體混合物聚合而獲得。
乙烯系芳族單體可選自對應於以下通式(I)之單體:
其中R為氫或甲基,n為零或介於1至5範圍內之整數,且Y為鹵素,較佳選自氯或溴,或為具有1至4個碳原子之烷基或烷氧基。具有通式(I)之乙烯系芳族單體可選自:苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、丁基苯乙烯、二甲基苯乙烯、單氯苯乙烯、二氯苯乙烯、三氯苯乙
烯、四氯苯乙烯及五氯苯乙烯、溴苯乙烯、甲氧基-苯乙烯、乙醯氧基-苯乙烯。較佳之乙烯系芳族單體為苯乙烯及α-甲基苯乙烯。具有通式(I)之乙烯系芳族單體可單獨使用或以至多50重量%、較佳2重量%至25重量%與其他可共聚合單體呈混合物形式使用。此等單體之實例為(甲基)丙烯酸;(甲基)丙烯酸之C1-C4烷酯,諸如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸異丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯;(甲基)丙烯酸之醯胺及腈,諸如丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈;丁二烯、乙烯、二乙烯基苯、順丁烯二酸酐。較佳之可共聚合單體為丙烯腈及甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
聚烯烴(b)以介於1重量%至50重量%、較佳10重量%至30重量%範圍內之量存在,以便獲得最佳彈性但不過度降低剛性。
可用於本發明中之聚烯烴(b)為此項技術中熟知的。其可包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯之所有聚合物,以及此等單體與乙烯酯(較佳為乙酸乙烯酯(EVA))、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸己酯之共聚物。聚乙烯指具有介於0.90至0.97g/cm3範圍內之密度的任何乙烯聚合物,尤其稱作線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)者。此等聚合物在市面上以如下商標已知:例如Versalis公司之Flexirene、Exxon公司之Escorene LL1201(LLDPE)、Versalis公司之Riblene(LDPE)、Versalis之Eraclene(HDPE)。可使用其他聚烯烴,諸如丙烯、聚丁烯、聚甲基戊烯,及兩種或兩種以上α-烯烴之相應共聚物,諸如乙烯-丙烯。亦可使用乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物,諸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)。乙酸乙烯酯含量可介於0.5%直至40%、典型地10至35%範圍內。此等共聚物在市面上以其商標(例如Versalis公司之Greenflex)已知。
烯烴彈性體含有接枝於其上之乙烯系芳族聚合物。乙烯系芳族聚合物與烯烴彈性體之間的莫耳比較佳高於0.8,更佳在1與2之間。
形成上面接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之基質的烯烴彈性體為在100℃下具有介於10至150 ML-4範圍內之孟納黏度(Mooney viscosity)之橡膠共聚物。此橡膠共聚物由至少兩種不同的α單烯烴與至少另一種可共聚合單體構成,各α單烯烴具有線性烯烴鏈。此線性鏈可較佳由乙烯及丙烯構成;以下烯烴之間的其他成對組合為可能的:乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1、辛烷-1及其他烯烴。該等可共聚合單體通常為多烯,典型地為非共軛二烯。
較佳地,一種α單烯烴為乙烯連同另一種α單烯烴。
乙烯相對於另一α單烯烴之重量比通常介於20/80至80/20範圍內。
尤其較佳之共聚物為乙烯/丙烯/非共軛二烯三元共聚物,其中非共軛二烯可為環狀或無環的,諸如較佳為5-亞甲基-e-降冰片烯;5-亞乙基-2-降冰片烯;5-伸異丙基-2-降冰片烯;戊二烯-1,4;己二烯-1,4;己二烯-1,5、庚二烯-1,5;十二碳三烯-1,7,9;甲基-庚二烯-1,5;降冰片二烯-2,5;環辛二烯-1,5;二環戊二烯;四氫茚;5-甲基-四氫茚。彈性體三元共聚物中之二烯含量介於約2重量%至20重量%、較佳8重量%至18重量%單體二烯單元之範圍內。
尤其令人感興趣之分散結果使用在100℃下具有介於30至90範圍內之孟納黏度(ML-4)且碘價(iodine number)大於5、較佳為10至40之彈性體三元共聚物獲得。使用此三元共聚物獲得介於10nm至2,000nm範圍內之分散體,如先前所指示,其使膨脹劑之分散減少/減速。
乙烯系芳族聚合物在彈性體基質上之接枝反應可使用此項技術中已知之任何接枝技術進行。
烯烴彈性體可因此與一或多種乙烯系芳族單體遵循熟知聚合方法,諸如本體、懸浮或本體-懸浮方法來混合。一般而言,接枝反應可為自由基、熱、化學反應或利用輻射進行,且可利用陰離子或藉由
Friedel-Crafts起始。乙烯系芳族單體在烯烴基質上接枝之技術為熟知的且描述於例如USA專利US 3,489,822;US 3,489,821;US 3,642,950;US 3,819,765;US 3,538,190;US 3,538,191;US 3,538,192;US 3,671,608;US 3,683,050;US 3,876,727;US 4,340,669中。顯然,在接枝聚合中,並非所有乙烯系芳族單體均接枝於彈性體上;一部分單體形成自由聚合物,其與接枝聚合物以物理混合物形式存在。接枝乙烯系芳族聚合物之分子量較佳幾乎等於非接枝聚合物之分子量。為了達成如上文所提及之本發明目標,接枝相中乙烯系芳族聚合物/烯烴彈性體之莫耳比必須高於0.8,較佳為1至2。
此比率可藉由在各種量之起始劑、溶劑及/或鏈轉移劑存在下在烯烴彈性體上進行乙烯系芳族單體之接枝聚合來調節,如意大利專利1,007,901或「La Chimica e l'Industria」第47卷,第4期,1965及第59卷,第7、9、10期,1977中所述。
接枝於烯烴基質上之乙烯系芳族聚合物的分子量會影響組成物之特性;最佳分散結果使用接枝於烯烴基質上之如下乙烯系芳族聚合物獲得,該等聚合物具有高於50,000且高達500,000之分子量且較佳具有與組分(a)之乙烯系芳族聚合物幾乎相同的分子量。
接枝烯烴彈性體(c)介於0.01至40%、更佳1至30%範圍內且具有保證聚烯烴之最佳分散且因而保證長存放期之作用。
能夠併入聚合物中之任何膨脹劑(d)均可用於本發明中。較佳地,膨脹劑可為具有介於10℃至80℃、較佳20℃至60℃範圍內之沸點的液體物質。較佳膨脹劑為含有3至6個碳原子之脂族或環脂族烴,諸如正戊烷、異戊烷、環戊烷、丁烷、異丁烷或其混合物;含有1至3個碳原子之脂族烴的鹵化衍生物,諸如二氯二氟甲烷、1,2,2-三氟乙烷及1,1,2-三氟乙烷;二氧化碳。
膨脹劑以介於1重量%至10重量%、較佳4至6重量%範圍
內之可變量存在,該量相對於組分(a)+(b)+(c)計算。
在任何情形下,本發明之組成物目標均可以連續本體法,藉由擠壓,以及藉由懸浮或藉由後浸漬來製備。連續本體法技術為較佳的。本發明之另一優勢為容易藉由擠壓來製備,因為本發明之氫化彈性體在高溫下穩定。
本發明之另一目標係關於一種用於以連續本體法製備本文中所描述並主張之可膨脹組成物之方法。該方法包含以下階段:i)若聚合物及/或共聚物(a)呈顆粒形式:1.將該聚合物及/或共聚物連同介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內之量的聚烯烴(b)及介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內之量的接枝烯烴彈性體(c)加熱至高於相應熔點之溫度,以便形成呈熔融態之聚合組成物;2.隨後將膨脹劑併入呈熔融態之該聚合組成物中;ii)若聚合物及/或共聚物(a)已呈熔融態,則添加介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內之量的聚烯烴(b)、介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內之量的接枝烯烴彈性體(c)接著併入膨脹劑以便形成聚合組成物。
所有已知膨脹技術均可應用,自蒸氣膨脹至熱空氣膨脹。
本文所描述並主張之可膨脹組成物在膨脹後形成膨脹或模製之發泡體。
實施例1-製備接枝烯烴彈性體A:接枝於聚苯乙烯上之EPDM。
烯烴彈性體A具有以下組成:50重量% EPDM(在100℃下之孟納黏度為62-72 ML-4且碘指數為18)、42重量%接枝聚苯乙烯及8重量%之分子量(Mw)為273,000的自由聚苯乙烯,其中接枝相中之聚苯乙烯/彈性體莫耳比為1.14。烯烴彈性體A中之聚苯乙烯/彈性體莫耳比藉由首先移除所有雜質,因而僅留下聚苯乙烯(自由及接枝兩種)及EPDM(自由及
接枝兩種)來量測。為此,將5g烯烴彈性體A溶解於5ml甲苯中接著添加3ml丙酮至該溶液中。隨後藉由緩慢添加10 ml 2-丙醇使聚合物沈澱。接著使混合物離心,自沈澱物傾析出澄清溶劑且除去。隨後藉助於選擇性沈澱使自由聚苯乙烯與EPDM且與接枝共聚物分離。為此,將最初收集之沈澱物溶解於5ml甲苯中。接著在攪拌下緩慢添加7ml甲基乙基酮/丙酮溶液(以體積計1:1),直至已製備極精細分散液。隨後在持續攪拌下緩慢添加約15ml甲醇/甲基乙基酮/丙酮溶液(以體積計1:2:2),直至白色沈澱物之凝聚起始。使混合物離心,自沈澱物傾析出澄清上清液。上清液含有自由聚苯乙烯,其可藉助於GPC特性化。沈澱物含有自由EPDM及接枝於聚苯乙烯上之EPDM。接枝產物/橡膠比率可藉助於紅外光譜法來量測。接枝有聚苯乙烯之橡膠%藉助於統計方法使用接枝產物/橡膠比率、EPDM橡膠之分子量及聚苯乙烯之分子量來計算,假定自由聚苯乙烯及接枝之聚苯乙烯具有相同分子量。此統計方法由L.H.Tung及R.M.Wiley描述於Journal of Polymer Science,Polymer Physics,第11卷,第1413頁,1973中。
實施例2-製備接枝烯烴彈性體B:接枝於聚苯乙烯上之EPDM。
烯烴彈性體B具有以下組成:50重量% EPDM(在100℃下之孟納黏度為62-72 ML-4且碘指數為18)、28重量%接枝聚苯乙烯及22重量%之分子量(Mw)為207,000的自由聚苯乙烯,其中接枝相中之聚苯乙烯/彈性體莫耳比為1.1。
比較實施例
將89.8份乙基苯、852.8份苯乙烯、56.2份α甲基苯乙烯、0.2份二乙烯基苯(總計:1,000份)饋入攪拌反應器中。在125℃下進行反應,其中平均滯留時間為2小時。
輸出之流體組成物接著饋入第二反應器中,在該反應器中在135℃下完成反應,其中平均滯留時間為2小時。將具有72%轉化率之反應
性聚合組成物加熱至240℃隨後饋入去揮發器中以移除溶劑及殘餘單體。所得組成物具有104℃之玻璃轉化溫度、8g/10'之熔融流動指數(MFI 200℃,5kg)、200,000g/mol之分子量MW及2.8之MW/Mn比,其中MW為重量平均分子量且Mn為數量平均分子量。
由此獲得之組成物收集於加熱槽中且饋入熱交換器以降低其溫度至190℃(主流)。
將500份聚苯乙烯N2982(Versalis)及500份Flexirene CM50(由Versalis出售之LLDPE)饋入雙螺桿擠壓機中。此聚合組成物形成側流。
齒輪泵使熔融聚合組成物之壓力增加至260巴。
將600份形成聚合物測流之聚合組成物添加至400份來自熱交換器之組成物(主流)中。
藉助於靜態混合器在約190℃之溫度下完成混合。接著將65份正戊烷(75%)及異戊烷(25%)之混合物加壓且注入熔融態之聚合物中。
各成分接著藉助於靜態混合元件混合,持續7分鐘之計算平均時間(滯留)。該組成物接著分配至模具中,在該模具中該組成物經擠壓通過多個具有0.5mm直徑之孔,立即用水射流冷卻且用一系列旋轉刀片切割(根據專利申請案US 2005/0123638)。造粒壓力為5巴且選擇剪切速率以獲得具有1.2mm平均直徑之顆粒。水用作噴射液體且氮氣用作載氣。噴射之水的流動速率與聚合物本體之流動速率之間的比率為30且氮氣與聚合物本體之間的流動速率比率為20。水之溫度為40℃。
所得粒化珠粒用離心乾燥器乾燥接著包覆塗層。該塗層藉由向其中添加每1,000份乾燥之粒化珠粒3份單硬脂酸甘油酯、1份硬脂酸鋅及0.2份甘油來製備。塗層之添加劑與顆粒藉助於連續螺桿混合器混合。
一些珠粒經切割且使用電子顯微鏡加以分析以評估分散之烯烴相的直徑,該直徑經證實介於5,000至20,000nm範圍內。
該等珠粒接著在19g/l下膨脹且模製。最終產物接著引入70℃之烘箱中持續兩天:隨後收集測試樣品(100×100×50mm)以進行壓縮及撓曲測試。
一些可膨脹珠粒分成兩等份。對一份分析戊烷值,且證實其為5.9%。另一份密封於聚乙烯袋中且在23℃下保持15天。戊烷含量顯著降低(2%)。
根據方法EN 826,用Zwick I 2020張力計測試機械壓縮特徵。以5mm/min測試兩份測試樣品。在10%壓縮下之平均負載經證實為85Kpa(使測試樣品變形之壓力)。根據方法EN 12089量測之最大撓曲負載經證實為250KPa。關於此方面,參見表1。
實施例3
將89.8份乙基苯、852.8份苯乙烯、56.2份α甲基苯乙烯、0.2份二乙烯基苯(總計:1,000份)饋入攪拌反應器中。在125℃下進行反應,其中平均滯留時間為2小時。
輸出之流體組成物接著饋入第二反應器中,在該反應器中在135℃下完成反應,其中平均滯留時間為2小時。將具有72%轉化率之反應性聚合組成物加熱至240℃隨後饋入去揮發器中以移除溶劑及殘餘單體。所得組成物具有104℃之玻璃轉化溫度、8g/10'之熔融流動指數(MFI 200℃,5kg)、200,000g/mol之分子量MW及2.8之MW/Mn比率,其中MW為重量平均分子量且Mn為數量平均分子量。
由此獲得之組成物收集於加熱槽中且饋入熱交換器以降低其溫度至190℃(主流)。
將333份聚苯乙烯N2982(Versalis)、500份Flexirene CM50(由Versalis出售之LLDPE)及167份接枝烯烴苯乙烯彈性體A饋入雙螺桿擠壓機中。此聚合組成物形成側流。
齒輪泵使熔融聚合組成物之壓力增加至260巴。
將600份形成聚合物測流之聚合組成物添加至400份來自熱交換器之組成物(主流)中。
藉助於靜態混合器在約190℃之溫度下完成混合。接著將65份正戊烷(75%)及異戊烷(25%)之混合物加壓且注入呈熔融態之聚合物中。
各成分接著藉助於靜態混合元件混合,持續7分鐘之計算平均時間(滯留)。該組成物接著分配至模具中,在該模具中該組成物經擠壓通過多個具有0.5mm直徑之孔,立即用水射流冷卻且用一系列旋轉刀片切割(根據專利申請案US 2005/0123638)。粒化壓力為5巴且選擇剪切速率以獲得具有1.2mm平均直徑之顆粒。水用作噴射液體且氮氣用作載氣。噴射之水的流動速率與聚合物本體之流動速率之間的比率為30且氮氣與聚合物本體之間的流動速率比率為20。水之溫度為40℃。
所得粒化珠粒用離心乾燥器乾燥接著包覆塗層。該塗層藉由向其中添加每1,000份乾燥之粒化珠粒3份單硬脂酸甘油酯、1份硬脂酸鋅及0.2份甘油來製備。塗層之添加劑與顆粒藉助於連續螺桿混合器混合。一些珠粒經切割且使用電子顯微鏡加以分析以便評估分散之烯烴相的直徑,該直徑經證實介於900至1,200nm範圍內。
一些可膨脹珠粒分成兩等份。對一份分析戊烷值,且證實其為6.2%。另一份密封於聚乙烯袋中且在23℃下保持15天。戊烷含量經證實為5.9%。
該等珠粒接著在19g/l下膨脹且模製。最終產物接著引入70℃之烘箱中持續兩天:隨後收集測試樣品(100×100×50mm)以進行壓縮及撓曲測試。在10%壓縮下之平均負載經證實為80Kpa(使測試樣品變形之壓力)。根據方法EN 12089量測之最大撓曲負載經證實為235KPa。關於
此方面,參見表1。
實施例4
重複實施例1,用等量Greenflex HN70(由Versalis出售之含30%乙酸乙烯酯之EVA共聚物)替代聚烯烴1。一些珠粒經切割且使用電子顯微鏡加以分析以便評估分散之烯烴相的直徑,該直徑經證實介於800至1,000nm範圍內。
一些可膨脹珠粒分成兩等份。對一份分析戊烷值,且證實其為6.1%。另一份密封於聚乙烯袋中且在23℃下保持15天。戊烷含量經證實為5.8%。
該等珠粒接著在19g/l下膨脹且模製。最終產物接著引入70℃之烘箱中持續兩天:隨後收集測試樣品(100×100×50mm)以進行壓縮及撓曲測試。在10%壓縮下之平均負載經證實為78Kpa(使測試樣品變形之壓力)。根據方法EN 12089量測之最大撓曲負載經證實為230KPa。關於此方面,參見表1。
實施例5
重複實施例1,用等量接枝苯乙烯彈性體B替代接枝苯乙烯彈性體A。一些珠粒經切割且使用電子顯微鏡加以分析以便評估分散之烯烴相的直徑,該直徑經證實介於1,000至1,300nm範圍內。
一些可膨脹珠粒分成兩等份。對一份分析戊烷值,且證實其為6.2%。另一份密封於聚乙烯袋中且在23℃下保持15天。戊烷含量經證實為6.1%。
該等珠粒接著在19g/l下膨脹且模製。最終產物接著引入70℃之烘箱中持續兩天:隨後收集測試樣品(100×100×50mm)以進行壓縮及撓曲測試。在10%壓縮下之平均負載經證實為82Kpa(使測試樣品變形之壓力)。根據方法EN 12089量測之最大撓曲負載經證實為240KPa。關於
此方面,參見表1。
在表1中,樣品之密度在19-20g/l範圍內變化,聚烯烴1為LLDPE,聚烯烴2為EVA(30% VA)。
Claims (13)
- 一種聚合組成物,其包含:a)乙烯系芳族聚合物及/或共聚物,其量相對於該總體組成物計算介於50重量%至99重量%範圍內,b)聚烯烴或與酯之相應共聚物,其量相對於該總體組成物計算介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內,c)接枝有乙烯系芳族聚合物之烯烴彈性體,其量相對於(a)+(b)之總和計算介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內,d)膨脹劑,其量相對於(a)+(b)+(c)之總和計算介於1重量%至10重量%範圍內。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之聚合組成物,其中該接枝烯烴彈性體中該乙烯系芳族聚合物與該烯烴彈性體之間的莫耳比高於0.8。
- 根據申請專利範圍第2項之聚合組成物,其中該接枝烯烴彈性體中該乙烯系芳族聚合物與該烯烴彈性體之間的莫耳比介於1至2範圍內。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中組分(a)及(b)以介於10至2000nm範圍內之平均直徑分散。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中該聚烯烴以介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內之量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中該聚烯烴以介於10重量%至30重量%範圍內之量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中在該接枝烯烴彈性體(c)中,形成其之α單烯烴之一為乙烯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中該接枝烯烴彈性體(c)為彈性體三元共聚物,其在100℃下測定之孟納黏度在30至90範圍內變化且碘價高於5。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第8項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中接枝於該烯烴彈性體上之該等乙烯系芳族聚合物具有介於50,000至500,000範圍內之分子量。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中接枝於該烯烴彈性體上之該乙烯系芳族聚合物的分子量等於組分(a)之該乙烯系芳族聚合物的分子量。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第10項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中該聚烯烴為具有介於0.90至0.97g/cm3範圍內之密度的乙烯聚合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第10項中任一項之聚合組成物,其中該聚烯烴為乙烯與乙烯酯之共聚物。
- 一種用於以連續本體法(continuous mass)製備根據申請專利範圍第1項至第12項中任一項之可膨脹組成物之方法,其包含以下階段:i)若該聚合物及/或共聚物(a)呈顆粒形式:1.將該聚合物及/或共聚物連同介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內之量的聚烯烴(b)及介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內之量的接枝烯烴彈性體(c)加熱至高於相應熔點之溫度,以便形成呈熔融態之聚合組成物;2.隨後將膨脹劑併入呈熔融態之該聚合組成物中;ii)若該聚合物及/或共聚物(a)已呈熔融態,則添加介於1重量%至50重量%範圍內之量的聚烯烴(b)、介於0.01重量%至40重量%範圍內之量的接枝烯烴彈性體(c)接著併入膨脹劑以便形成聚合組成物。
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BR112015009733A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
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