TW201416087A - 包含調酸素衍生物之治療高血脂症的組成物 - Google Patents
包含調酸素衍生物之治療高血脂症的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201416087A TW201416087A TW102126623A TW102126623A TW201416087A TW 201416087 A TW201416087 A TW 201416087A TW 102126623 A TW102126623 A TW 102126623A TW 102126623 A TW102126623 A TW 102126623A TW 201416087 A TW201416087 A TW 201416087A
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Abstract
本發明係有關於一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之組成物,其包含作為活性成份之調酸素衍生物。相較於天然調酸素,調酸素衍生物具有活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體之高度能力,且對於因高脂肪飲食所增加之血液總膽固醇、低密度膽固醇與三酸甘油酯濃度具有降低之效果,並具有增加高密度膽固醇濃度與高密度膽固醇/低密度膽固醇比例之效果。因此,調酸素衍生物可有效用於治療高血脂症與相關疾病。
Description
本發明係有關於一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之組成物,其包含作為活性成份之調酸素衍生物,並有關於一種使用該組成物治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之方法。
近年來,在韓國,由於經濟成長及飲食習慣西化之故,自食物攝取脂肪逐漸增加,並且因缺乏運動所引起之代謝疾病,如:高血脂症、糖尿病、高血壓、動脈硬化與脂肪肝疾病亦增加。
高血脂症係指與血液中脂質(如:游離膽固醇、膽固醇酯、磷脂與三酸甘油酯)濃度增加有關之病症。高血脂症可以三種型態出現:(1)高膽固醇血症,(2)高三酸甘油酯血症,與(3)混合型高血脂症(高膽固醇血症與高三酸甘油酯血症)。高血脂症通常分為原發性高血脂症與續發性高血脂症。原發性高血脂症通常係由基因缺陷引起,而續發性高血脂症則由多種疾病症狀、藥物與飲食習慣引起。此外,高血脂症之原發性與續發性原因之組合亦會引起高血脂症。高血脂症之診斷標準通常採用總膽固醇濃度220
mg/dl或更高,及三酸甘油酯濃度150mg/dl或更高。
天然發生在哺乳動物之膽固醇有各種不同形式。已知低密度(LDL)膽固醇對健康有害,且已知LDL膽固醇增加會提高心臟疾病風險(Assman et al.,Am.J.Card,1996)。此外,高密度(HDL)膽固醇被視為好的膽固醇,且係健康所必需,因為其可預防動脈粥狀硬化症,等等。
雖然高血脂症本身並無顯示特定症狀,但血中過量脂質黏附在血管壁上,而縮小血管大小,且因發炎反應引起動脈粥狀硬化症。因此,可能發生冠心病、腦血管疾病、周邊血管阻塞,等等(E.Falk et al.,Circulation,1995)。此外,過量血脂堆積在肝組織中,因而造成脂肪肝疾病。脂肪肝係指肝重量中脂肪比例超過5%之病症。脂肪肝不僅可因過量攝取脂肪引起,亦可能因攝取酒精引起。
目前用於降低血脂濃度之方法包括飲食療法、運動療法與藥物療法。然而,飲食療法或運動療法難於嚴格控制與執行,且其治療效果亦有限。
目前發展用於降低脂質濃度之藥物包括膽酸結合樹脂、降膽固醇藥物(如:在膽固醇生物合成作用中重要之HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑)、降三酸甘油酯藥物(如:纖維酸衍生物與菸鹼酸),等等。然而,此等藥物據報導具有副作用,如:肝毒性、胃腸疾病與致癌作用。因此極需要發展可用於治療高血脂症與相關疾病(例如:動脈粥狀硬化症與脂肪肝疾病)同時副作用較低之藥物。
作為此等候選藥物,調酸素(oxyntomodulin)最近已受到重視。調酸素係由前升糖素(pre-glucagon)產生,且為一種可結
合至類升糖素肽-1(GLP-1)與升糖素受體二者以執行雙重功能之肽。基於此等特性,已針對各種不同目的研究調酸素,包括治療肥胖症、高血脂症與脂肪肝疾病。然而,調酸素之問題在於其應該以高劑量投與,由於其活體內半衰期短,且其活性不足以用於治療肥胖症、高血脂症與脂肪肝疾病。
因此,本發明者已開發一種調酸素衍生物,其具有高於天然調酸素之活性,且已發現在誘發高血脂症之倉鼠模式中,調酸素衍生物會降低血液脂質之含量與比例,表示該衍生物可有效用於治療高血脂症,藉以完成本發明。
本發明之目的為提供一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症之組成物,其含有作為活性成份之調酸素衍生物。
本發明另一個目的為提供一種治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症之方法,該方法包括對個體投與調酸素衍生物之步驟。
本發明另一個目的為提供一種調酸素衍生物之用途,係用於製備預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症之藥物。
為達成上述目的,本發明之一態樣係提供一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症之組成物,其包含作為活性成份之調酸素衍生物。
本文所採用術語「調酸素」係指由前升糖素(其係升糖素前體)產生之肽。本發明中,調酸素意指包括天然調酸素與其前體、類似物(衍生物)、片段與變異體。調酸素較佳具有序列編號:1(HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA)的胺基酸序列。
本文所採用術語「調酸素變異體」為具有其中一個或多個胺基酸殘基不同於天然調酸素胺基酸序列之殘基且具有活化GLP-1與升糖素受體功能之肽。調酸素變異體可由天然調酸素之部分胺基酸經過取代、增加、刪除、修飾或其組合任一種製備。
本文所採用術語「調酸素衍生物」係指由天然調酸素之部分胺基酸經過增加、刪除或取代所製備之肽、肽衍生物或肽模擬物,且相較於天然調酸素之活化程度,其可以高度活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體二者。
本文所採用術語「調酸素片段」係指在天然調酸素胺基末端或羧基末端具有增加或刪除一個或多個胺基酸之片段,其中所增加之胺基酸亦可為非天然存在的胺基酸(例如:D-型胺基酸)。此等胺基酸具有活體內調節血糖濃度之功能。
製備調酸素變異體、衍生物與片段之方法可單獨或組合使用。舉例而言,本發明包括具有一個或多個不同於天然肽之胺基酸的胺基酸且N-端胺基酸殘基已脫胺基化,並具有同時活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體二者功能之肽。
本文所提及之胺基酸係依據IUPAC-IUB之命名規則縮寫如下:丙胺酸 A 精胺酸 R
本發明中,調酸素衍生物包括任何藉由序列編號:1之胺基酸序列中之胺基酸取代、增加、刪除或轉譯後修飾(例如:甲基化、醯化、泛素化(ubiquitination)或分子內共價鍵結)所製備且可活化升糖素與GLP-1受體二者之肽。當要取代或增加胺基酸時,不僅可使用人類蛋白質中常見之20種胺基酸,亦可使用非典型或非天然存在胺基酸。非典型胺基酸之商品來源包括Sigma-Aldrich、ChemPep Inc.與Genzyme Pharmaceuticals。可由商品供應商(舉例而言:American Peptide Company或Bachem(美國)或Anygen(韓國))合成及購買包括此等胺基酸與非典型肽序列之肽。
在本發明特定具體實施例中,本發明之調酸素衍生物為一種包括下式1之胺基酸序列之新穎肽:[式1]R1-X1-X2-GTFTSD-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-X22-X23-X24-R2
其中R1為組胺酸、脫胺基-組胺醯基、二甲基-組胺醯基(N-二甲基-組胺醯基)、β-羥基咪唑丙醯基、4-咪唑乙醯基、β-羧基咪唑丙醯基或酪胺酸;X1為Aib(胺基異丁酸)、d-丙胺酸、甘胺酸、Sar(N-甲基甘胺酸)、絲胺酸、或d-絲胺酸;X2為麩胺酸或麩醯胺;X3為白胺酸或酪胺酸;X4為絲胺酸或丙胺酸;X5為離胺酸或精胺酸;X6為麩醯胺或酪胺酸;X7為白胺酸或甲硫胺酸;X8為天冬胺酸或麩胺酸;X9為麩胺酸、絲胺酸、α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;X10為麩醯胺、麩胺酸、離胺酸、精胺酸、絲胺酸或經刪除;X11為丙胺酸、精胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X12為丙胺酸、精胺酸、絲胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X13為離胺酸、麩醯胺、精胺酸或α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;X14為天冬胺酸、麩胺酸或白胺酸或經刪除;X15為苯丙胺酸或經刪除;X16為異白胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X17為丙胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、離胺酸、麩醯胺或α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;X18為色胺酸或經刪除;
X19為丙胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、絲胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X20為丙胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、麩醯胺或精胺酸或經刪除;X21為天冬醯胺酸或經刪除;X22為丙胺酸、甘胺酸或蘇胺酸或經刪除;X23為半胱胺酸或離胺酸或經刪除;X24為具有由丙胺酸、甘胺酸與絲胺酸之組合所組成之2至10個胺基酸之肽,或經刪除;及R2為KRNRNNIA(序列編號:35)、GPSSGAPPPS(序列編號:36)、GPSSGAPPPSK(序列編號:37)、HSQGTFTSDYSKYLD(序列編號:38)、HSQGTFTSDYSRYLDK(序列編號:39)、HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVK(序列編號:40)或經刪除(如果式1之胺基酸序列與序列編號:1之胺基酸序列相同時排除)。
為了提高野生型調酸素對升糖素受體與GLP-1受體之活性,本發明之調酸素衍生物可經4-咪唑乙醯基取代(其係藉由刪除在序列編號:1之胺基酸序列位置1之組胺酸的α碳所獲得)、經脫胺基-組胺醯基取代(其係藉由刪除N端胺基所獲得)、經二甲基-組胺醯基(N-二甲基-組胺醯基)取代(其係由兩個甲基修飾N端胺基所獲得)、經β-羥基咪唑丙醯基取代(其係由羥基取代N端胺基所獲得)、或經β-羧基咪唑丙醯基取代(其係由羧基取代N端胺基所獲得)。此外,GLP-1受體-結合區可被加強疏水性與離子鍵或其組合之胺基酸取代。部分調酸素序列可經GLP-1或促胰島素分泌素(Exendin)-4之胺基酸序列取代,以提高GLP-1受體之活
性。
再者,部分調酸素序列可經加強α螺旋之序列取代。較佳地,式1胺基酸序列之位置10、14、16、20、24與28之胺基酸可經已知穩定α螺旋之下列所組成群組之胺基酸或胺基酸衍生物取代:Tyr(4-Me)、Phe、Phe(4-Me)、Phe(4-Cl)、Phe(4-CN)、Phe(4-NO2)、Phe(4-NH2)、Phg、Pal、Nal、Ala(2-噻吩基)與Ala(苯并噻吩基),且對欲插入之α螺旋穩定胺基酸或胺基酸衍生物之類型與數量並無限制。
較佳地,胺基酸序列之位置10與14、12與16、16與20、20與24、及24與28之胺基酸亦可經麩胺酸或離胺酸取代,以形成環,且對欲插入之環數量並無限制。最佳地,調酸素衍生物可具有選自下式1至6間之胺基酸序列。
在一特定具體實施例中,本發明之調酸素衍生物為包括下式2之胺基酸序列之新穎肽,其係由促胰島素分泌素或GLP-1之胺基酸序列取代調酸素之胺基酸序列所獲得。
[式2]R1-A-R3
另一特定具體實施例中,本發明之調酸素衍生物為包括下式3胺基酸序列之新穎肽,其係由調酸素之部分胺基酸序列透過適當胺基酸連接子連接至促胰島素分泌素或GLP-1之部分胺基酸序列而製備:[式3]R1-B-C-R4
再另一項特定具體實施例中,本發明之調酸素衍生
物為包括下式4之胺基酸序列之新穎肽,其中調酸素之部分胺基酸序列被可加強對GLP-1受體之結合親和力之胺基酸取代,舉例而言,利用疏水性交互作用結合GLP-1受體之位置26之Leu被疏水性殘基Ile或Val取代。
[式4]R1-SQGTFTSDYSKYLD-D1-D2-D3-D4-D5-LFVQW-D6-D7-N-D8-R3
再另一特定具體實施例中,本發明之調酸素衍生物為包括下式5之胺基酸序列之新穎肽,其中天然調酸素之部分胺基酸序列經刪除、增加或被其他胺基酸取代,用以提高天然調酸素對活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體的能力:[式5]R1-E1-QGTFTSDYSKYLD-E2-E3-RA-E4-E5-FV-E6-WLMNT-E7-R5
式2至5中,R1係如式1中所描述;A係選自下列所組成群組:SQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT(序列編號:41)、SQGTFTSDYSKYLDEEAVRLFIEWLMNT(序列編號:42)、SQGTFTSDYSKYLDERRAQDFVAWLKNT(序列編號:43)、GQGTFTSDYSRYLEEEAVRLFIEWLKNG(序列編號:44)、GQGTFTSDYSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNG(序列編號:45),GEGTFTSDLSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWAA(序列編號:46)、與SQGTFTSDYSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWLMNG(序列編號:47);B係選自下列所組成群組:SQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT(序列編號:41)、SQGTFTSDYSKYLDEEAVRLFIEWLMNT(序列編號:42)、
SQGTFTSDYSKYLDERRAQDFVAWLKNT(序列編號:43)、GQGTFTSDYSRYLEEEAVRLFIEWLKNG(序列編號:44)、GQGTFTSDYSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNG(序列編號:45)、GEGTFTSDLSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWAA(序列編號:46)、SQGTFTSDYSRQMEEEAVRLFIEWLMNG(序列編號:47)、GEGTFTSDLSRQMEEEAVRLFIEW(序列編號:48)、與SQGTFTSDYSRYLD(序列編號:49);C為具有由丙胺酸、甘胺酸與絲胺酸之組合所組成之2至10個胺基酸之肽;D1為絲胺酸、麩胺酸或精胺酸;D2為精胺酸、麩胺酸或絲胺酸;D3為精胺酸、丙胺酸或纈胺酸;D4為精胺酸、纈胺酸或絲胺酸;D5為麩醯胺、精胺酸或離胺酸;D6為異白胺酸、纈胺酸或絲胺酸;D7為甲硫胺酸、精胺酸或麩醯胺;D8為蘇胺酸、甘胺酸或丙胺酸;E1為絲胺酸、Aib、Sar、d-丙胺酸或d-絲胺酸;E2為絲胺酸或麩胺酸;E3為精胺酸或離胺酸;E4為麩醯胺或離胺酸;E5為天冬胺酸或麩胺酸;E6為麩醯胺、半胱胺酸或離胺酸;E7為半胱胺酸或離胺酸或經刪除;
R3為KRNRNNIA(序列編號:35)、GPSSGAPPPS(序列編號:36)或GPSSGAPPPSK(序列編號:37);R4為HSQGTFTSDYSKYLD(序列編號:38)、HSQGTFTSDYSRYLDK(序列編號:39)或HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVK(序列編號:40);及R5為KRNRNNIA(序列編號:35)、GPSSGAPPPS(序列編號:36)或GPSSGAPPPSK(序列編號:37)或經刪除(如果式2至5之胺基酸序列與序列編號:1之胺基基序列相同時排除)。
較佳地,本發明之調酸素衍生物可為下式6之新穎肽:[式6]R1-X1-X2-GTFTSD-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-X22-X23-X24-R2
其中R1為組胺酸、脫胺基-組胺醯基、4-咪唑乙醯基或酪胺酸;X1為Aib(胺基異丁酸)、甘胺酸、絲胺酸或d-絲胺酸;X2為麩胺酸或麩醯胺;X3為白胺酸或酪胺酸;X4為絲胺酸或丙胺酸;X5為離胺酸或精胺酸;X6為麩醯胺或酪胺酸;X7為白胺酸或甲硫胺酸;X8為天冬胺酸或麩胺酸;X9為麩胺酸或α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;
X10為麩醯胺、麩胺酸、離胺酸或精胺酸或經刪除;X11為丙胺酸或精胺酸或經刪除;X12為丙胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X13為離胺酸、麩醯胺、精胺酸或α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;X14為天冬胺酸、麩胺酸或白胺酸或經刪除;X15為苯丙胺酸或經刪除;X16為異白胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X17為丙胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺或α-甲基-麩胺酸或經刪除;X18為色胺酸或經刪除;X19為丙胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸或纈胺酸或經刪除;X20為丙胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸或精胺酸或經刪除;X21為天冬醯胺酸或經刪除;X22為蘇胺酸或經刪除;X23為半胱胺酸、離胺酸或經刪除;X24為具有由甘胺酸所組成之2至10個胺基酸之肽或經刪除;及R2為KRNRNNIA(序列編號:35)、GPSSGAPPPS(序列編號:36)、GPSSGAPPPSK(序列編號:37)、HSQGTFTSDYSKYLD(序列編號:38)、HSQGTFTSDYSRYLDK(序列編號:39)或HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVK(序列編號:40)或經刪除(如果式6之胺基酸序列與序列編號:1之胺基酸序列相同時排除)。
更佳地,本發明之調酸素衍生物可選自由序列編號:2至34之肽所組成群組。甚至更佳地,本發明之調酸素衍生
物可為實施例2-1之表1中所述之調酸素衍生物。
本發明之實施例中,分別製備具有序列編號:2至34之胺基酸序列之調酸素衍生物,且發現該等調酸素衍生物顯示比天然調酸素優異之GLP-1受體與升糖素受體活性(實施例2)。換言之,由上述結果可見,本發明之調酸素衍生物藉由活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體而對高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症呈現優異之治療效果。
本發明之調酸素衍生物係以包含各種聚合物之共軛物形式存在,用以改良衍生物之治療效果與活體內半衰期。
本發明之共軛物顯示比天然調酸素增加之效果持續時間,且長效性共軛物包括由天然調酸素之胺基酸經過修飾、取代、增加或刪除所製備之調酸素;與生物降解性聚合物(如:聚乙二醇(PEG))共軛之調酸素;與多醣(如:白蛋白、抗體、彈性蛋白、纖維黏連蛋白或幾丁質)或與長效性蛋白質(如:免疫球蛋白片段)共軛之調酸素;與具有活體內結合至白蛋白能力之脂肪酸共軛之調酸素;或包覆在生物可降解之奈米粒子中之調酸素;且用於本發明之長效性共軛物類型並無限制。
較佳地,該共軛物為其中具有選自序列編號:2至34所組成群組之胺基酸序列之調酸素衍生物經由非肽基聚合物連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區之共軛物。
免疫球蛋白Fc區為一種於活體內被代謝之生物可降解多肽,因此可安全用作為藥物之載劑。相較於完整的免疫球蛋白分子,免疫球蛋白Fc區具有低分子量,因此就製備、純化與生產共軛物方面是有利的。此外,由於抗體(展現高度非均質性之
Fab部分)間之胺基酸序列不同,因此可大幅增加物質之均質性,且亦可減少誘發血液抗原性之可能性。
本文所採用術語「免疫球蛋白Fc區」係指包含免疫球蛋白之重鏈恆定區2(CH2)及重鏈恆定區3(CH3)(排除重鏈及輕鏈變異區)、免疫球蛋白之重鏈恆定區1(CH1)及輕鏈恆定區1(CL1)之蛋白質。其可進一步包括重鏈恆定區之鉸鏈區(hinge region)。此外,本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區可為包含部分或所有重鏈恆定區1(CH1)及/或輕鏈恆定區1(CL1)(除了重鏈及輕鏈變異區之外)的擴增Fc區,只要其具有實質上相等或優於天然蛋白質之功效即可。此外,免疫球蛋白Fc區可為具有刪除部分對應於CH2及/或CH3之相當長胺基酸序列之區域。具體而言,本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區可包含1)CH1功能域、CH2功能域、CH3功能域與CH4功能域,2)CH1功能域與CH2功能域,3)CH1功能域與CH3功能域,4)CH2功能域與CH3功能域,5)一個或多個功能域與免疫球蛋白鉸鏈區(或部分鉸鏈區)之組合,或6)重鏈恆定區與輕鏈恆定區之各功能域之二聚體。
本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區包括天然胺基酸序列與其序列衍生物(突變體)。本文所採用術語「胺基酸序列衍生物」係指由於天然胺基酸序列之一個或多個胺基酸殘基之刪除、插入、非保留性或保留性取代或其組合而不同於天然胺基酸序列之序列。舉例而言,在IgG Fc之情況中,已知對結合性具有重要性之位置214至238、297至299、318至322、或327至331之胺基酸殘基可作為修飾之合適位點。
此外,可能有其他各種衍生物,包括其中具有刪除
可以形成雙硫鍵之區域者,或具有在天然Fc之N-端刪除某些胺基酸殘基或在天然Fc之N-端加入甲硫胺酸殘基者。此外,為了去除效應物(effector)功能,可在補體結合位點(如:C1q-結合位點及ADCC(抗體依賴性細胞介導之細胞毒性)位點發生刪除。製備此等免疫球蛋白Fc區之序列衍生物之技術揭示於國際專利公開案第WO 97/34631號與第WO 96/32478號。
一般不會改變蛋白質或肽活性之蛋白質與肽中胺基酸替換為技術領域中已知者(H.Neurath、R.L.Hill,The Proteins,Academic Press,New York,1979)。最常發生之替換為沿雙向之Ala/Ser、Val/Ile、Asp/Glu、Thr/Ser、Ala/Gly、Ala/Thr、Ser/Asn、Ala/Val、Ser/Gly、Thy/Phe、Ala/Pro、Lys/Arg、Asp/Asn、Leu/Ile、Leu/Val、Ala/Glu與Asp/Gly。此外,若需要時,Fc區可經由磷酸化、硫酸化、丙烯酸化、糖基化、甲基化、法呢基化(farnesylation)、乙醯基化、醯胺化等方式修飾。
上述Fc衍生物顯示與本發明Fc區相同之生物活性或具有對熱、pH,等增強之結構安定性。
此外,此Fc區可得自從人類及其他動物(包括牛、山羊、豬、小鼠、兔子、倉鼠、大鼠及天竺鼠)單離之天然型,或可為得自轉形動物細胞或微生物之重組體或其衍生物。本文中,Fc區可得自天然免疫球蛋白,其係從活的人類或動物生物體單離出完整免疫球蛋白,並以蛋白酶處理。當以木瓜酵素處理完整免疫球蛋白時,其可切成Fab及Fc區,且當以胃蛋白酶處理完整免疫球蛋白時,其可切成pF’c及F(ab)2片段。可採用尺寸篩除層析法等單離出Fc或pF’c。較佳地,自人類衍生之Fc區為得自微
生物之重組免疫球蛋白Fc區。
此外,本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區可呈具有天然糖鏈之形式、或相較於天然型有增加或減少糖鏈之形式,或可呈去糖基化之形式。免疫球蛋白Fc糖鏈之增加、減少或移除可藉由習知方法(如:化學法、酵素法與使用微生物之基因工程法)予以達成。自Fc移除糖鏈所獲得之Fc區顯示顯著降低與第一補體成分C1之C1q部分之結合親和力,並降低或喪失抗體依賴性細胞介導之細胞毒性或補體依賴性細胞毒性,因此不會在活體內誘發不必要之免疫反應。基於此點,呈去糖基化或非糖基化型之免疫球蛋白Fc區可能更適合在本發明目的中作為藥物載劑。
本文所採用術語「去糖基化」係指自酵素Fc區去除糖部分,且術語「非糖基化」係指於原核細胞生物(較佳為大腸桿菌(E.coli))所製造之未糖基化Fc區。
同時,免疫球蛋白Fc區可衍生自人類或其他動物,包括牛、山羊、豬、小鼠、兔子、倉鼠、大鼠及天竺鼠,並以來自人類較佳。
此外,免疫球蛋白Fc區可衍生自IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE、IgM,或其組合或其雜合體(hydrid)。較佳係衍生自IgG或IgM,其係人類血液中含量最豐富之蛋白質,且最佳係衍生自IgG(已知其加強配體結合性蛋白質之半衰期)。
本文所採用術語「組合」係指將編碼相同來源之單鏈免疫球蛋白Fc區之多肽連接至不同來源之單鏈多肽,以形成二聚體或多聚體。具體而言,二聚體或多聚體可由兩個或更多個選自IgG Fc、IgA Fc、IgM Fc、IgD Fc與IgE Fc片段所組成群組之片
段形成。
本文所採用術語「雜合體(hydrid)」係指相對應於不同來源之二個或更多個免疫球蛋白Fc片段之序列存在於單鏈免疫球蛋白Fc區。本發明中,可能有各種形式之雜合體。換言之,可能有由1至4個選自IgG Fc、IgM Fc、IgA Fc、IgE Fc與IgD Fc之CH1、CH2、CH3與CH4所組成群組之功能域所構成之雜合體,且其可能包括鉸鏈。
同時,IgG亦可再分成IgG1、IgG2、IgG3與IgG4,而於本發明中,亦可能為此等子類之組合或雜合體。較佳地,IgG為IgG2與IgG4之子類,且最佳地,其為以實質上缺乏效應物功能(如:補體依賴性細胞毒性(CDC))之IgG4之Fc區。
換言之,本發明中用作為藥物載劑之最佳免疫球蛋白Fc區為衍生自人類IgG4之Fc區。衍生自人類之Fc區優於衍生自非人類之Fc區,該衍生自非人類之Fc區可在人體中作為抗原並引起不期望之免疫反應,如:產生針對抗原之新抗體。
本文所採用術語「非肽基聚合物」係指包括兩個或更多個重覆單元藉由任何共價鍵替代肽鍵而彼此連接之生物可相容性聚合物。本發明中,非肽基聚合物可與非肽基連接子互換使用。
可用於本發明之非肽基聚合物可選自下列所組成群組:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多醣、聚葡醣、聚乙烯基乙基醚、生物可降解性聚合物(如:PLA(聚(乳酸))與PLGA(聚乳酸-乙醇酸))、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸與其組合。較佳者,非肽基聚合物為聚乙
二醇。此外,該技術領域中已知之其衍生物及藉由該技術領域中已知方法所輕易製備之衍生物均包括在本發明之範圍中。
藉由習知框內融合法(inframe fusion)所製得之融合蛋白質中所使用之肽連接子具有許多缺點,該缺點在於其容易在活體內被蛋白酶分解,因此無法如預期獲得藉由載劑以增加活性藥物之血清半衰期之充分效果。然而,本發明中,可使用對蛋白酶具有抗性之聚合物來維持肽之血清半衰期(類似於載劑)。因此,任何非肽基聚合物只要具有上述功能(亦即聚合物對活體內蛋白酶具有抗性)之聚合物均可用於本發明中而並無限制。該非肽基聚合物具有分子量在1至100kDa之範圍內,較佳為1至20kDa。本發明之非肽基聚合物(其係連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區)可為一種聚合物或為不同聚合物之組合。
用於本發明之非肽基聚合物可具有能夠鍵結至免疫球蛋白Fc區及蛋白質藥物之反應性基團。在非肽基聚合物兩端之反應性基團較佳係選自下列所組成群組:反應性醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、馬來醯亞胺基與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物。
琥珀醯亞胺衍生物可為丙酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯、羥基琥珀醯亞胺基、琥珀醯亞胺基羧甲基或碳酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯。尤其是,當非肽基聚合物之兩端具有反應性醛基時,可使非特異性反應降至最低,並使生理活性多肽與免疫球蛋白可分別有效地鍵結至該非肽基聚合物之一端與另一端。藉由醛鍵之還原性烷基化反應所產生之最終產物遠比藉由醯胺鍵連接者更穩定。醛反應性基團在低pH下選擇性鍵結至N-端,且可在高pH(如:pH 9.0)下與離胺酸殘基形成共價鍵。
在非肽基聚合物兩端之反應性基團可相同或相異。舉例而言,非肽基聚合物可在一端具有馬來醯亞胺基,及在另一端具有醛基、丙醛基或丁醛基。當使用在其兩端均具有反應性羥基之聚乙二醇作為非肽基聚合物時,該羥基可藉由已知之化學反應活化成各種反應性基團,或可使用具有商業上可獲得之經修飾之反應性基團之聚乙二醇來製備本發明之長效性共軛物。
本發明之共軛物可為其中在非肽基聚合物之一端與另一端分別連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區之胺基或硫醇基與調酸素衍生物者。
本發明之非肽基聚合物之兩端具有可連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區或蛋白質藥物之官能基。該等官能基可為醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、馬來醯亞胺基與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物(亦即丙酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯、羥基琥珀醯亞胺基、琥珀醯亞胺基羧甲基或碳酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯),但不限於此。
在連接子(其為非肽基聚合物)之兩端之反應性基團可相同或相異。舉例而言,非肽基聚合物可在一端具有馬來醯亞胺基,及在另一端具有醛基、丙醛基或丁醛基。舉例而言,當非肽基聚合物在一端具有反應性醛基且在另一端具有反應性馬來醯亞胺基時,可使非特異性反應降至最低,而生理活性多肽與免疫球蛋白可有效地鍵結至非肽基聚合物的兩端。。根據本發明之具體實施例,共軛物係由調酸素或其衍生物經由使用非肽基聚合物PEG(其係僅包括丙醛基或同時包括馬來醯亞胺基與醛基)之共價鍵連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區所合成。
本發明之醫藥組成物可用於預防或治療高血脂症、
脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症。
本文所採用術語「預防」係指抑制或延緩目標疾病發展之所有作用。本文中所採用術語「預防」係指投與本發明之調酸素衍生物來抑制或延緩高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症的發展,此等病症顯示血液總膽固醇與低密度膽固醇濃度上升及高密度膽固醇濃度下降。
本文所採用術語「處理」係指減輕、改善或緩解疾病所發展症狀之所有作用。本文所採用術語「處理」係指投與本發明之調酸素衍生物來減輕、改善或緩解高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症,此等病症顯示血液總膽固醇與低密度膽固醇濃度上升及高密度膽固醇濃度下降。
本文所採用術語「高血脂症」係指血液中與脂質(如:游離膽固醇、膽固醇酯、磷脂與三酸甘油酯)濃度異常升高有關之病症。雖然高血脂症本身並無特定症狀,但血中過量脂質會黏附在血管壁上,而縮小血管大小,且因發炎反應引起動脈粥狀硬化症。因此,可能發生冠心病、腦血管疾病、周邊血管阻塞,等等。
因此,本發明之醫藥組成物不僅可用於治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈粥狀硬化症,而且可治療冠心病、腦血管疾病或周邊血管阻塞。
本文所採用術語「脂肪肝疾病」係指脂肪佔肝臟重量之比例超過5%之病症。本發明中,脂肪肝疾病包括非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)、酒精性脂肪肝疾病、營養性脂肪肝疾病、饑餓性脂肪肝疾病、肥胖性脂肪肝疾病、糖尿病性脂肪肝疾病或脂
肪性肝炎。非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係指包括原發性與續發性非酒精性脂肪肝疾病,但較佳可為原發性高血脂症、糖尿病或肥胖症所引起之非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。
此外,本發明中,非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係指包括單純脂肪變性、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、與肝纖維化及因此等疾病進展所引起之肝硬化。
動脈粥狀硬化症係指其中因膽固醇沉積在血管內皮中且內皮細胞增生而形成動脈粥狀(atheroma)瘤之血管疾病。
在本發明之一實施例中,長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物係藉由將調酸素衍生物使用聚乙二醇經由共價鍵連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區而製備,且將所製備之共軛物投與至已藉由攝取高脂肪飲食而誘發高血脂症之倉鼠動物模式。因此相較於誘發高血脂症之動物模式,以根據本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物投與之組顯示顯著降低之血液三酸甘油酯濃度(第1圖)、顯著降低之血液總膽固醇濃度(第2圖)、與顯著降低之血液低密度(LDL)膽固醇濃度。此外,相較於誘發高血脂症之動物模式,已觀察到以根據本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物投與之組顯示顯著提高之血液高密度(HDL)膽固醇濃度(第4圖)與顯著提高之血液HDL-膽固醇/LDL-膽固醇比例(第5圖)。
再者,相較於VICTOZA®(其係市售長效性GLP-1類似物),可見根據本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物顯示降低之血液總膽固醇濃度(第6圖)與降低之血液LDL-膽固醇與三酸甘油酯濃度(第7圖)。此外,相較於投與VICTOZA®,可見投與本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物顯示提高之血液HDL-膽固醇濃
度與HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例(第8圖與第9圖)。尤其是,序列編號:25之肽與Fc之長效性共軛物顯示比VICTOZA®顯著提高之血液HDL濃度與HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例。
換言之,根據本發明之調酸素衍生物降低血液脂質濃度,且因此可用作為治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之藥劑。此外,相較於天然調酸素,本發明之共軛物具有活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體之優異能力,並在活體內顯示延長之血液半衰期,因此其活性可在活體內維持一段較長的時間。
本發明之調酸素衍生物可增加調節涉及脂肪之脂質分解酵素活性之因子(蛋白質激酶C-ζ或PKC-ζ)之活性,且增加涉及脂肪之脂質分解的因子(Glut2)之表現,因而治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化,但本發明之範圍不受上述作用機轉限制。
本發明之醫藥組成物可進一步包含對高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化展現預防或治療效果之藥劑。具體而言,本發明之組成物可進一步包含已知用作為治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之藥劑,用以投與組合本發明之衍生物之藥劑。
因此,本發明之組成物可單獨投與或與其他藥物組合投與,以預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化。
本文所採用術語「投與」意指以任何適當方法將給定物質導入患者體內。本發明之衍生物可藉由任何常用途徑投與,只要其可以到達目標組織即可。具體而言,本發明之衍生物可經腹膜內、靜脈內、肌內、皮下、皮內、口服、局部、鼻內、肺內或直腸內投與,但不限於此。然而,由於肽在經口投與時會被消化,因此口服組成物較佳係經調配,讓活性成份經包覆或加
以保護防止其在胃中降解。本發明之組成物較佳係呈注射形式投與。此外,本發明之醫藥組成物可使用任何可傳送活性成份至目標細胞之系統投與。
包含本發明之調酸素衍生物之醫藥組成物可進一步包含醫藥上可接受之載劑。經口投與時,醫藥上可接受之載劑包括黏合劑、潤滑劑、崩解劑、賦形劑、增溶劑、分散劑、安定劑、懸浮劑、著色劑、與調味劑。針對注射製劑,醫藥上可接受之載劑包括緩衝劑、防腐劑、鎮痛劑、增溶劑、等張劑、與安定劑。針對局部投與,醫藥上可接受之載劑包括基劑、賦形劑、潤滑劑與防腐劑。
本發明之醫藥組成物可使用上述醫藥上可接受之載劑而調配成各種劑型。舉例而言:針對口服投與,醫藥組成物可調配成錠劑、口含錠、膠囊、酏劑、懸浮液、糖漿或粉片等。針對注射製劑,醫藥組成物可調配成單劑量劑型之安瓿或多劑量容器。該醫藥組成物亦可調配成溶液、懸浮液、錠劑、丸劑、膠囊與長效製劑。
同時,針對適用於該調配物之載劑、賦形劑與稀釋劑之實施例包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、麥芽糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯膠、海藻酸鹽、明膠、磷酸鈣、矽酸鈣、纖維素、甲基纖維素、微晶纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羥基苯甲酸甲酯、羥基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸鎂與礦物油。此外,本發明之醫藥組成物可進一步包括填充劑、抗凝結劑、潤滑劑、保濕劑、香料和防腐劑等。
本發明之醫藥組成物之劑量係依據活性成份種類及
各種因素(如:欲治療之疾病、投與途徑、患者年齡、性別與體重、及疾病嚴重性)決定。
本發明之醫藥組成物具有長的活體內半衰期與優異效力,因此可以顯著減少醫藥組成物之投與數量與頻率。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供一種治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之方法,該方法包括對個體投與本發明之調酸素衍生物之步驟。
上述調酸素、高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病與動脈硬化係如上述所說明。
本文所採用術語「個體」係指疑似具有高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化者。具體而言,該術語係指具有上述疾病或有發展出上述疾病風險之哺乳類動物,包括人類、大鼠與家畜。此外,該個體可為以本發明之調酸素衍生物治療之任何個體。
本發明之治療方法可包括投與醫藥有效量之包含共軛物之醫藥組成物。組成物之總每日劑量可由醫師透過適當醫學判斷來決定,並投與一次或數次組成物。然而,基於本發明之目的,針對任何特定患者之組成物之特定治療有效劑量可隨醫學領域中已知之各種因素變化,包括所要達成反應之種類與程度、是否併用其他藥劑之具體組成物、患者之年齡、體重、健康狀態、性別與飲食、投與時間與途徑、組成物之分泌速率、治療期間、與本發明組成物組合或併用之其他藥物,及醫學領域上已知之其他因素。
再另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於製備調酸素衍生物共軛物之方法。
製備方法可包括下列步驟:(1)將具有反應性醛基、馬來醯亞胺基或琥珀醯亞胺基之非肽基聚合物共價連接至調酸素衍生物肽之胺或硫醇基;(2)從步驟(1)之反應混合物中分離出具有共價鍵結至胺基末端以外位置的非肽基聚合物之調酸素衍生物肽;與(3)將免疫球蛋白Fc區共價連接至已連接之非肽基聚合物之另一端,藉以產生包含在非肽基聚合物之一端與另一端分別連接免疫球蛋白Fc區與調酸素衍生物肽之肽共軛物。
更具體而言,製備方法可包括:(1)將在其一端與另一端分別具有反應性醛基與反應性馬來醯亞胺基之非肽基聚合物共價連接至調酸素衍生物之半胱胺酸殘基;(2)從步驟(1)之反應混合物中分離出具有共價連接至半胱胺酸殘基的非肽基聚合物之調酸素衍生物;與(3)將免疫球蛋白Fc區共價連接至已連接之非肽基聚合物之另一端,藉以產生包含在非肽基聚合物之一端與另一端分別連接免疫球蛋白Fc區與調酸素衍生物肽之肽共軛物。
再另一態樣中,本發明提供一種調酸素衍生物之用途,係用於製備預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化的藥物。
本發明之調酸素衍生物比天然調酸素具有高度活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體之能力,並展現降低因高脂肪飲食所提高之血液總膽固醇、低密度膽固醇與三酸甘油酯濃度之效果,及提高高密度膽固醇濃度與高密度膽固醇/低密度膽固醇比例之效果。因此,本發明之調酸素衍生物可有效用於治療高血脂症與相關疾病。
第1圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液三酸甘油酯濃度變化之圖(#:表示相較於一般飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著提高(p<0.001);*:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內(p<0.001)顯著降低(p<0.001)。
第2圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液總膽固醇濃度變化之圖(#:表示相較於一般飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著提高(p<0.001);*:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.001)。
第3圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液LDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(#:表示相較於一般飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著提高(p<0.001);*:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.001)。
第4圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液HDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(*:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.01)。
第5圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液HDL/LDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(*:顯示相較於高脂肪飲食組於95%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.05)。
第6圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與VICTOZA®或長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液總膽固醇濃度變化之圖(***:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.001)。
第7圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與VICTOZA®或長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液LDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(***:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.001)。
第8圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與VICTOZA®或長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液HDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(*:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於95%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.05)。
第9圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與VICTOZA®或長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液HDL/LDL-膽固醇濃度變化之圖(**:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.01)。
第10圖係顯示藉由對高脂肪飲食所誘發之高血脂症倉鼠投與VICTOZA®或長效性調酸素衍生物所造成的血液三酸甘油酯濃度變化之圖(***:表示相較於高脂肪飲食組於99.9%可信區間內顯著降低(p<0.001)。
下文中,本發明將參考下列實施例更詳細說明。然而,咸了解此等實施例僅供說明用,且無意限制本發明範圍。
實施例1:活體外活化之細胞株產生
實施例1-1:對GLP-1顯示cAMP反應之細胞株產生
使用相應於人類GLP-1受體基因之cDNA(OriGene Technologies,Inc.USA)之ORF(開放讀碼框)的部分作為模板,及使用分別包括HindIII裂解位點與EcoRI裂解位點之反向與正向引子進行PCR,因而得到PCR產物。
正向引子:5'-CCCGGCCCCCGCGGCCGCTATTCGAAATAC-3'(序列編號:50)
反向引子:5'-GAACGGTCCGGAGGACGTCGACTCTTAAGATAG-3'(序列編號:51)
轉殖該PCR產物至已知之動物細胞表現載體x0GC/dhfr中,因而構建成重組載體x0GC/GLP-1R。
將重組載體x0GC/GLP-1R,利用轉染胺(lipofectamine)(Invitrogen,USA)導入於CHO DG44細胞株中(培養在DMEM/F12(10% FBS)培養基),以獲得轉形體。將該轉形體培養於包含1mg/mL G418與10nM胺甲蝶呤(methotraxate)之選擇性培養基中,且從中選取單株細胞株。然後,最後自單株細胞株中選取對GLP-1顯示良好濃度依賴性cAMP反應之細胞株。
實施例1-2:對升糖素顯示cAMP反應之細胞株產生
使用相應於人類升糖素受體基因之cDNA(OriGene Technologies,Inc.USA)之ORF(開放讀碼框)的部分作為模板,及使用分別包括EcoRI裂解位點與XhoI裂解位點之反向與正向引子進行PCR,因而得到PCR產物。
正向引子:5'-CAGCGACACCGACCGTCCCCCCGTACTTAAGGCC-3'(序列編號:52)
反向引子:5'-CTAACCGACTCTCGGGGAAGACTGAGCTCGCC-3'(序列編號:53)
轉殖該PCR產物至已知之動物細胞表現載體x0GC/dhfr中,因而構建重組載體x0GC/GCGR。
將重組載體x0GC/GCGR,利用轉染胺(Invitrogen,USA)導入CHO DG44細胞株(培養於DMEM/F12(10% FBS)培養基中)中以獲得轉形體。將該轉形體培養於包含1mg/mL G418與10nM胺甲蝶呤之選擇性培養基中,自其中選取單株細胞株。然後,最後自單株細胞株中選取對升糖素顯示良好濃度依賴性cAMP反應之細胞株。
實施例2:調酸素衍生物之活體外活性
實施例2-1:調酸素衍生物之合成
為了測定調酸素衍生物之活體外活性,合成具有下表1所示胺基酸序列之調酸素衍生物。
上表1中,由粗字體表示之胺基酸係指形成環,由X表示之胺基酸係指非天然胺基酸之α-甲基-麩胺酸。此外,CA表示4-咪唑乙醯基,DA表示脫胺基-組胺醯基,Aib表示胺基異丁酸,及(d)S表示d-絲胺酸。
實施例2-2:調酸素衍生物之活體外活性測定法
為了測定抗肥胖症肽之效果,採用實施例1-1與1-2製備之轉形體測定活體外細胞活性。
各該轉形體係經過轉形以便在CHO(中國倉鼠卵巢)中表現人類GLP-1受體基因與升糖素受體基因各者,且適合測定GLP-1與升糖素活性。因此,使用各轉形體測定各調酸素衍生物之活性。
具體而言,每週繼代培養各轉形體2次或3次,並以1 X 105個細胞/孔之密度將該細胞分配至96孔盤之各孔中且培養24小時。
所培養之細胞以KRB緩衝液洗滌,懸浮於含1mM IBMX之40ml KRB緩衝液中,然後於室溫下靜置5分鐘。取各調酸素與
調酸素衍生物(序列編號:2至6、8、10-13、17、18、23至25、27、28與32至34)從1000nM經過5倍連續稀釋至0.02nM,各取40mL稀釋液加至細胞中,於37℃及CO2培養箱中培養1小時。然後添加20mL細胞溶解緩衝液以溶解細胞,使用cAMP分析套組(Molecular Device,USA)測定各細胞溶解物中cAMP濃度。由測定結果計算EC50值,並相互比較(表2)。
如上表2所示,相較於序列編號1之調酸素,調酸素衍生物顯示優異之活體外GLP-1與升糖素活性。
已知調酸素藉由活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體而具有治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之功效。相較於天然調酸素,根
據本發明之調酸素衍生物具有活化GLP-1受體與升糖素受體之優異活性,因此可用於替代天然調酸素,治療高血脂症及與高血脂症有關之脂肪肝疾病與動脈硬化。
實施例3:包含調酸素衍生物(序列編號:23)與免疫球蛋白Fc之共軛物(免疫球蛋白Fc-共軛之調酸素衍生物23)之製備
為了以MAL-10K-ALD PEG(日本NOF)在序列編號:24之調酸素衍生物之位置24的半胱胺酸殘基上進行聚乙二醇化(pegylate),使調酸素衍生物(序列編號:23)與MAL-10K-ALD PEG依1:3莫耳比,在蛋白質濃度3mg/ml下,於室溫彼此反應3小時。於含有1M胍之50mM Tris緩衝液(pH 8.0)中進行反應。反應完成後,使用SOURCE S,依據下列條件純化該反應溶液,因而得到在半胱胺酸上單聚乙二醇化之調酸素:管柱:SOURCE S,流速:2.0ml/min,梯度:A 0→100% 50min B(A:20mM檸檬酸鈉,pH 3.0+45%乙醇,B:A+1M KCl))。
然後,使經純化之單聚乙二醇化調酸素衍生物(序列編號:23)與免疫球蛋白Fc依1:5之莫耳比,在蛋白質濃度20mg/ml下,於4℃下彼此反應16小時。該反應係在含有20mM SCB作為還原劑之100mM磷酸鉀緩衝液(pH 6.0)中進行。反應完成後,在下列條件下純化該反應溶液,因而得到包含該調酸素衍生物(序列編號:23)與免疫球蛋白之共軛物:管柱:SOURCE 15Q,流速:2.0ml/min,梯度:A 0→4% 1min,B→20% 80min B(A:20mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,B:A+1M NaCl));SOURCE ISO管柱:SOURCE ISO,流速:2.0ml/min,梯度:B 0→100% 100min A(A:20mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,B:A+1.1M AS)。
實施例4:包含調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25)與免疫球蛋白Fc之共軛物(免疫球蛋白Fc-共軛之調酸素衍生物25)之製備
為了以MAL-10K-ALD PEG在序列編號:25之調酸素衍生物之位置30之半胱胺酸殘基上進行聚乙二醇化,使調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25)與MAL-10K-ALD PEG以1:3莫耳比,在蛋白質濃度3mg/ml下,於室溫彼此反應3小時。於含1M胍之50mM Tris緩衝液(pH 8.0)中進行反應。反應完成後,使用SOURCE S,在下列條件下純化該反應溶液,因而得到在半胱胺酸上單聚乙二醇化之調酸素:管柱:SOURCE S,流速:2.0ml/min,流速:A 0→100% 50min B(A:20mM檸檬酸鈉,pH 3.0+45%乙醇,B:A+1M KCl)。
然後,使純化之單聚乙二醇化調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25)與免疫球蛋白Fc以1:5之莫耳比,在蛋白質濃度20mg/ml下,於4℃彼此反應16小時。該反應係在含有20mM SCB作為還原劑之100mM磷酸鉀緩衝液(pH 6.0)中進行。反應完成後,在下列條件下純化該反應溶液,因而得到包含該調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25)與免疫球蛋白之共軛物:SOURCE 15Q管柱:SOURCE 15Q,流速:2.0ml/min,流速:A 0→4% 1min B→20% 80min B(A:20mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,B:A+1M NaCl);與Source ISO管柱:SOURCE ISO,流速:2.0ml/min,流速:B 0→100% 100min A(A:20mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,B:A+1.1M AS)。
實施例5:長效性調酸素於高血脂症模式倉鼠中脂質降低之效果
實施例5-1:試驗動物分組
自Vital River China購得8週齡雄性倉鼠(Golden Syrian倉鼠,
120-130g)。已知倉鼠不同於其他囓齒類,顯示與人類類似之血脂型態,且對高脂肪飲食敏感。使動物攝取經殺菌之高脂肪飲食(Purina 5001,含11.5%玉米油,11.5%椰子油,0.5%膽固醇,與0.25%脫氧膽酸鹽;Dyets,Bethlehem,PA)或標準囓齒類飲食(低脂肪,2018;Harlan Teklad,Madison,WI)。使正常飲食組攝取經過濾與UV殺菌之自來水,而高脂肪飲食組則攝取含10%果糖之水。將該動物保持在符合GLP標準及在12小時光照/12小時黑暗週期下(照光:早上6點至晚上6點)之飼育箱中,且所有實驗程序均依據動物實驗之標準規範進行。在誘發高血脂症3週後開始投與藥物,且將該動物分成4組(n=6),如下表3所示。
具體而言,第1組(正常組)以正常飼料餵食,並經皮下投與5ml/kg杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline)(DPBS,Sigma)一週一次或一週多次。
第2組(誘發高血脂症組)以高脂肪飲食餵食,以誘發高血脂症,然後經皮下投與5ml/kg杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(DPBS,Sigma),一週一次或一週多次。
第3組(誘發高血脂症組+投與3.25nmol/kg之序列編號:25-Fc
共軛物組)以高脂肪飲食餵食,以誘發高血脂症,然後以5ml/kg之注射劑量投與3.25nmol/kg之序列編號:25-Fc共軛物(實施例4製備之)一週一次。
第4組(誘發高血脂症組+投與8.96nmol/kg之序列編號:23-Fc共軛物組)以高脂肪飲食餵食,以誘發高血脂症,然後以5ml/kg之注射劑量投與8.96nmol/kg之序列編號:23-Fc共軛物(實施例3製備之)一週一次。
每組(n=6)投與生理食鹽水或藥物2週,然後分析降低脂質濃度之效果。
實施例5-2:長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物對降低脂質濃度效果之分析
為了檢測長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物於倉鼠中降低脂質濃度之效果,進行下列實驗。
自接受或不接受投與實施例5-1所述之長效性調酸素衍生物之倉鼠收集血液,且使用HITACHI 7020分析血液脂質濃度。分析結果示於第1至5圖。
第1圖至第5圖顯示血液三酸甘油酯濃度之變化(第1圖)、血液總膽固醇濃度之變化(第2圖)、LDL-膽固醇濃度之變化(第3圖)、血液HDL-膽固醇濃度之變化(第4圖)與血液HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例之變化(第5圖)。所得結果經統計分析,並計算平均值與平均值之標準偏差。在驗證組間(n=6)之顯著性時,將數據採用鄧氏(Dunnett's)單向ANOVA試驗法進行統計處理,p<0.05之數值則視為具有統計顯著性。
具體而言,在血液三酸甘油酯濃度之測定結果中可見,於以
高脂肪飲食餵食倉鼠之情況下,三酸甘油酯濃度會顯著上升,但當投與長效性調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)給倉鼠時,三酸甘油酯濃度則顯著下降(第1圖)。
在血液總膽固醇濃度之測定結果中可見,以高脂肪飲食餵食倉鼠之情況下,血液總膽固醇濃度會顯著上升,但當投與長效性調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)給倉鼠時,血液總膽固醇濃度則顯著下降(第2圖)。
在血液LDL-膽固醇濃度之測定結果中可見,以高脂肪飲食餵食倉鼠之情況下,血液LDL-膽固醇濃度會顯著上升,但當投與長效性調酸素衍生物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)給倉鼠時,血液LDL-膽固醇濃度則顯著下降(第3圖)。
在血液HDL-膽固醇濃度之測定結果中,相較於高脂肪飲食倉鼠組,投與序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物組顯示顯著增加之血液HDL-膽固醇濃度(第4圖)。
在血液HDL/LDL-膽固醇濃度之測定結果中可見,相較於高脂肪飲食倉鼠組,投與序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物組顯示顯著增加之血液HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例(第5圖)。
由上述結果可見,包含藉由PEG將免疫球蛋白Fc區共價連接至調酸素衍生物之本發明調酸素衍生物共軛物防止血液三酸甘油酯與低密度(LDL)膽固醇堆積,因此可有效用於治療高血脂症或相關之脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化。
實施例6:已知長效性GLP-1類似物與長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物之效果分析
VICTOZA®為長效性類升糖素肽-1GLP-1類似物,為目前市面
上作為治療糖尿病之藥劑,且已知具有治療肥胖症與增加HDL膽固醇濃度之效果。
比較調酸素衍生物共軛物與已知VICTOZA®間降低脂質濃度之效果。
如實施例5所述,將倉鼠分成正常倉鼠組與餵食高脂肪飲食倉鼠組。正常倉鼠組經皮下投與5ml/kg之DPBS一週一次或一週多次。將餵食高脂肪飲食倉鼠組分成經皮下投與5ml/kg之DPBS一週一次或一週多次組、經皮下投與35.5nmol/kg之VICTOZA®一週一次或一週多次組、經皮下投與3.25nmol/kg之序列編號:25-Fc共軛物組、及經皮下投與8.96nmol/kg之序列編號:23-Fc共軛物組,並分析該組之血脂濃度。
由結果可見,相較於投與市售VICTOZA®,投與本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)顯示降低之血液總膽固醇濃度(第6圖)與降低之血液LDL-膽固醇濃度(第7圖)。
此外,可發現相較於投與VICTOZA®,投與本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)顯示提高之血液HDL-膽固醇濃度與HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例(第8圖與第9圖)。尤其是,該長效性序列編號:25-Fc共軛物比VICTOZA®顯示顯著提高之血液HDL-膽固醇濃度與HDL/LDL-膽固醇比例。
此外,相較於VICTOZA®,投與本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物(序列編號:25-Fc共軛物或序列編號:23-Fc共軛物)顯示降低之血液三酸甘油酯濃度。
由上述結果可見,本發明之長效性調酸素衍生物共軛物展現降脂質效果,其效果等於或高於已知VICTOZA®的效果,因此該共軛物可有效用作為治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之藥劑。
<110> 韓美藥品股份有限公司(HANMI PHARM.CO.,LTD.)
<120> 包含調酸素衍生物之治療高血脂症的組成物
(COMPOSITION FOR TREATING HYPERLIPIDEMIA COMPRISING OXYNTOMODULIN
DERIVATIVE)
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<220>
<221> 變異體
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<223> 引子
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Claims (12)
- 一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之組成物,其包含作為活性成份之調酸素衍生物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組成物,其中該調酸素衍生物具有選自序列編號:2至34所組成群組之胺基酸序列。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組成物,其中該調酸素衍生物係呈連接至選自免疫球蛋白片段、抗體、彈性蛋白、白蛋白與纖維黏連蛋白所組成群組之一者之共軛物形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之組成物,其中該共軛物係其中具有選自序列編號:2至34所組成群組之胺基酸序列之調酸素衍生物經由非肽基聚合物連接至免疫球蛋白Fc區之共軛物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之組成物,其中該非肽基聚合物係選自下列所組成群組:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多醣、聚葡醣、聚乙烯基乙基醚、PLA(聚乳酸)、PLGA(聚乳酸-乙醇酸)、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸、及其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之組成物,其中該非肽基聚合物之一端與另一端分別連接至該免疫球蛋白Fc區之胺基或硫醇基及該調酸素衍生物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組成物,進一步包含對高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化顯示預防或治療效果之藥劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組成物,其中該脂肪肝疾病為非酒精性脂肪肝疾病、酒精性脂肪肝疾病、營養性脂肪肝疾病、飢餓性脂肪肝疾病、肥胖性脂肪肝疾病、糖尿病性脂肪肝疾病 或脂肪性肝炎。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之組成物,其中該非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係由高血脂症、糖尿病或肥胖症引起。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之組成物,其中該非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係選自下列所組成群組:單純脂肪變性、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝纖維化與肝硬化。
- 一種預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化之方法,其包括對個體投與調酸素衍生物之步驟。
- 一種調酸素衍生物之用途,係用於製備預防或治療高血脂症、脂肪肝疾病或動脈硬化的藥物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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??10-2012-0081475 | 2012-07-25 | ||
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TWI645856B (zh) * | 2012-11-06 | 2019-01-01 | 韓美藥品股份有限公司 | 治療糖尿病或糖胖症之包括調酸素類似物之組成物 |
TWI802396B (zh) * | 2014-09-16 | 2023-05-11 | 南韓商韓美藥品股份有限公司 | 長效glp-1/高血糖素受體雙促效劑治療非酒精性脂肝疾病之用途 |
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