JP7208020B2 - グルカゴン誘導体、その結合体、及びそれを含む組成物、並びにその治療的用途 - Google Patents
グルカゴン誘導体、その結合体、及びそれを含む組成物、並びにその治療的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7208020B2 JP7208020B2 JP2018568310A JP2018568310A JP7208020B2 JP 7208020 B2 JP7208020 B2 JP 7208020B2 JP 2018568310 A JP2018568310 A JP 2018568310A JP 2018568310 A JP2018568310 A JP 2018568310A JP 7208020 B2 JP7208020 B2 JP 7208020B2
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- amino acid
- exendin
- glucagon
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Description
X1-X2-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-F-X23-X24-W-L-X27-X28-X29-X30(一般式(1),配列番号45)
Y-Aib-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-Y-L-X15-X16-X17-R-A-X20-X21-F-V-X24-W-L-M-N-T-X30(一般式(2),配列番号46)
Y-Aib-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-Y-L-X15-X16-X17-R-A-X20-X21-F-V-X24-W-L-M-N-T-X30(一般式(2),配列番号46)
アラニン A
アルギニン R
アスパラギン N
アスパラギン酸 D
システイン C
グルタミン酸 E
グルタミン Q
グリシン G
ヒスチジン H
イソロイシン I
ロイシン L
リシン K
メチオニン M
フェニルアラニン F
プロリン P
セリン S
トレオニン T
トリプトファン W
チロシン Y
バリン V
His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr(配列番号1)
X1-X2-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-F-X23-X24-W-L-X27-X28-X29-X30(一般式(1),配列番号45)
Y-Aib-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-Y-L-X15-X16-X17-R-A-X20-X21-F-V-X24-W-L-M-N-T-X30(一般式(2),配列番号46)
Y-Aib-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-Y-L-X15-X16-X17-R-A-X20-X21-F-V-X24-W-L-M-N-T-X30(一般式(2),配列番号46)
Y-Aib-QGTF-X7-SD-X10-S-X12-Y-L-X15-X16-X17-R-A-X20-X21-F-V-X24-W-L-M-N-T-X30(一般式(2),配列番号46)
ヒトグルカゴン受容体遺伝子のcDNA(OriGene Technologies, Inc. USA)においてORFに相当する部分を鋳型とし、EcoRI切断部位とXhoI切断部位をそれぞれ含む配列番号47及び48の正方向及び逆方向プライマーを用いたPCRを行った。
正方向プライマー(配列番号47):5‘-CAGCGACACCGACCGTCCCCCCGTACTTAAGGCC-3’
逆方向プライマー(配列番号48):5‘-CTAACCGACTCTCGGGGAAGACTGAGCTCGCC-3’
改善された物性を有するグルカゴン誘導体を開発するために、配列番号1の天然グルカゴンのアミノ酸配列を、負電荷及び正電荷を帯びたアミノ酸残基に置換することにより、表1のグルカゴン誘導体を合成した。表中の相対的in vitro活性は、実施例4の方法で測定したものである。
表1の配列において、Xと表記したアミノ酸は非天然アミノ酸であるアミノイソブチル酸(Aib)を示すものであり、アミノ酸記号の下線は下線を引いた当該アミノ酸対の側鎖間におけるラクタム環の形成を示すものであり、「-」は当該位置にアミノ酸残基がないことを示すものである。また、環形成の有無の列において、「-」は当該配列に環が形成されていないことを示すものである。
実施例2で合成したグルカゴン誘導体の改善された物性を確認するために、ExPASyサーバにおいてpI/Mwツール(非特許文献2)を用いてアミノ酸配列からpIを計算した。
実施例1で生産したヒトグルカゴン受容体を有する細胞株において、実施例2で合成したグルカゴン誘導体の活性を測定した。具体的には、前記形質転換細胞株を1週間に3回又は4回継代培養し、その後384ウェルプレートに各ウェル当たり6×103個の継代培養した細胞株を分注して24時間培養した。前述したように培養した細胞において、0.5mM IBMX(3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine)、0.1% BSA(Bovine serum albumin)、5mM HEPES(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)を含むHBSS(Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution)緩衝液に、天然グルカゴンは200nMとなるように、グルカゴン誘導体は1600nMとなるようにそれぞれ懸濁し、その後4倍ずつ10回連続希釈し、それをcAMPアッセイキット(LANCE cAMP 384 kit, PerkinElmer)に適用し、前記細胞に添加して蛍光値を測定した。測定後に、最も高い蛍光値を100%とし、そこからグルカゴン誘導体のEC50値を算出して天然グルカゴンと相互比較した。その結果を表1に示す。
両末端にそれぞれマレイミド基及びアルデヒド基を有する10kDaのPEG、すなわちマレイミド-PEG-アルデヒド(10kDa, NOF, 日本)をグルカゴン誘導体(配列番号12又は配列番号20)のシステイン残基にペグ化するために、グルカゴン誘導体とマレイミド-PEG-アルデヒドのモル比を1:1~5とし、タンパク質の濃度を3~10mg/mlとして、低温で1~3時間反応させた。ここで、反応は、50mM Tris緩衝液(pH7.5)に20~60%イソプロパノールが添加された環境下で行った。反応終了後に、前記反応液をSP sepharose HP(GE healthcare, 米国)に適用し、システインにモノペグ化されたグルカゴン誘導体を精製した。
N末端のヒスチジンのα炭素を欠失させたイミダゾ-アセチルエキセンジン-4(CAエキセンジン-4, AP, 米国)を用いて、両末端にプロピオンアルデヒド基を有する3.4kDaのPEG、すなわち3.4k PropionALD(2)PEGをCAエキセンジン-4のLysと反応させ、その後2つのLys異性体ピークのうち反応が進んでN末端異性体と明確に区分される最後の異性体ピーク(Lys27位の異性体)を分離した。次に、このペグ化されたペプチド異性体を用いてFcに連結するカップリングを行った。
カラム:SOURCE Q(XK16ml,アマシャムバイオサイエンス)
流速:2.0ml/分
勾配:A0→25%70分B(A:20mMトリス,pH7.5,B:A+1M NaCl)
カラム:SOURCE ISO(HR16ml,アマシャムバイオサイエンス)
流速:7.0ml/分
勾配:B100→0%60分B(A:20mMトリス,pH7.5,B:A+1.5M硫酸アンモニウム)
両末端にそれぞれマレイミド基及びアルデヒド基を有する10kDaのPEG、すなわちマレイミド-PEG-アルデヒド(10kDa, NOF, 日本)をグルカゴン誘導体(配列番号37)のシステイン残基にペグ化するために、グルカゴン誘導体とマレイミド-PEG-アルデヒドのモル比を1:1~5とし、タンパク質の濃度を3~10mg/mlとして、低温で1~3時間反応させた。ここで、反応は、50mM Tris緩衝液(pH7.5)に20~60%イソプロパノールが添加された環境下で行った。反応終了後に、前記反応液をSP sepharose HP(GE healthcare, 米国)に適用し、システインにモノペグ化されたグルカゴン誘導体を精製した。
肥満動物モデルに広く用いられる高脂肪食餌誘導肥満ラットをこの実験に用いた。具体的には、高脂肪食餌誘導齧歯類は、肥満治療剤の体重減少効果の前臨床評価に用いられる最も一般的な動物モデルであり、モデルの誘導は次のように行う。正常ラット又はマウスに60%が脂肪からなる飼料を4週間(ラット)又は6カ月間(マウス)供給すると、ラットにおいては投与前体重が約600g、マウスにおいては約55gに増加し、それに伴って血中脂質値も上昇するので、ヒトにおける肥満に類似した状態となる。本実験例に用いられたラットの体重も投与前に約600gであった。実験期間を通じて、ラットを個別に収容し、水に自由にアクセスできるようにした。照明は6PMから6AMまで消灯した。
肥満動物モデルに広く用いられる高脂肪食餌誘導肥満マウスをこの実験に用いた。マウスの体重は投与前に約55gであった。実験期間を通じて、マウスを7匹ずつ収容し、水に自由にアクセスできるようにした。照明は6PMから6AMまで消灯した。
肥満動物モデルに広く用いられる高脂肪食餌誘導肥満マウスをこの実験に用いた。マウスの体重は投与前に約55gであった。実験期間を通じて、マウスは7匹ずつ収容し、水に自由にアクセスできるようにした。照明は6PMから6AMまで消灯した。
SDラットを4時間絶食させ、その後低血糖症を誘発するためにインスリン0.65U/kgを皮下投与した。インスリン投与45分後に低血糖症を確認し、次いで賦形剤(2ml/kg,単回注射)(vehicle)、配列番号37持続型結合体(5.16nmol/kg,10.31nmol/kg,20.63nmol/kg,以上静脈投与)及び天然グルカゴン60nmol/kgを皮下投与し、その後血糖変化を測定した。
先天性高インスリン症治療剤としての効果評価は、インスリンポンプ装着齧歯類において行った。先天性高インスリン症疾患モデルは、インスリンポンプを齧歯類(ラット又はマウス)に手術により装着することにより誘導する。当該齧歯類は、ポンプからインスリンが継続して分泌されるので低血糖症が継続して誘発され、ヒトにおける先天性高インスリン症に類似した疾病状態となる。
Claims (14)
- (i)配列番号37、38、40、41、及び44からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む分離されたペプチドと、(ii)薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む、低血糖症の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物。
- (i)配列番号37、38、40、41、及び44からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む分離されたペプチドと、(ii)薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む、先天性高インスリン症の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物。
- (i)配列番号37、38、40、41、及び44からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む分離されたペプチドと、(ii)薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む、代謝症候群の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの代謝症候群に対する治療的活性を有する化合物又は物質をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの代謝症候群に対する治療的活性を有する化合物又は物質と組み合わせて投与される、請求項3に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記代謝症候群に対する治療的活性を有する化合物又は物質は、インスリン分泌ペプチド、GLP-1(glucagon like peptide-1)受容体アゴニスト、レプチン(Leptin)受容体アゴニスト、DPP-IV(dipeptidyl peptidase-IV)阻害剤、Y5受容体アンタゴニスト、MCH(Melanin-concentrating hormone)受容体アンタゴニスト、Y2/4受容体アゴニスト、MC3/4(Melanocortin 3/4)受容体アゴニスト、胃/膵臓リパーゼ(gastric/pancreatic lipase)阻害剤、5HT2c(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C, G protein-coupled)アゴニスト、β3A受容体アゴニスト、アミリン(Amylin)受容体アゴニスト、グレリン(Ghrelin)アンタゴニスト、グレリン受容体アンタゴニスト、PPARα(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)アゴニスト、PPARδ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta)アゴニスト、FXR(farnesoid X receptor)アゴニスト、アセチル-CoAカルボキシラーゼ阻害剤(acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor)、ペプチドYY、CCK(Cholecystokinin)、キセニン(Xenin)、グリセンチン(glicentin)、オベスタチン(obestatin)、セクレチン(secretin)、ネスファチン(nesfatin)、インスリン(insuin)及びGIP(glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide)からなる群から選択される、請求項4又は5に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記インスリン分泌ペプチドが、GLP-1、エキセンジン-3、エキセンジン-4、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記インスリン分泌ペプチドが、インスリン分泌ペプチドのN末端のヒスチジン残基がデス-アミノ-ヒスチジル、N-ジメチル-ヒスチジル、β-ヒドロキシイミダゾプロピオニル、4-イミダゾアセチル及びβ-カルボキシイミダゾプロピオニルからなる群から選択されるものに置換されたインスリン分泌ペプチド誘導体である、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記インスリン分泌ペプチドが、天然エキセンジン-4、エキセンジン-4のN末端のアミノ基が除去されたエキセンジン-4誘導体、エキセンジン-4のN末端のアミノ基がヒドロキシ基に置換されたエキセンジン-4誘導体、エキセンジン-4のN末端のアミノ基がジメチル基で修飾されたエキセンジン-4誘導体、エキセンジン-4の1番目のアミノ酸(ヒスチジン)のα炭素を欠失(deletion)させたエキセンジン-4誘導体、エキセンジン-4の12番目のアミノ酸(リシン)がセリンに置換されたエキセンジン-4誘導体、及びエキセンジン-4の12番目のアミノ酸(リシン)がアルギニンに置換されたエキセンジン-4誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記代謝症候群は、耐糖能障害、高コレステロール血症、脂質異常症、肥満、糖尿病、高血圧、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)、脂質異常症による動脈硬化、アテローム性動脈硬化症、動脈硬化症、冠状動脈心疾患(冠動脈性心疾患)及び脳卒中からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記インスリン分泌ペプチドが、前記インスリン分泌ペプチドの生体内半減期を延長できる生体適合性物質に結合された持続型結合体形態であり、前記生体適合性物質が、免疫グロブリンFc領域、高分子重合体、コレステロール、アルブミン、抗体、フィブロネクチン、トランスフェリン(Transferrin)、サッカライド、ヘパリン、及びエラスチンからなる群から選択され、前記高分子重合体が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール-プロピレングリコール共重合体、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリサッカライド、デキストラン、ポリビニルエチルエーテル、キチン、ヒアルロン酸、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- (i)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド部位、及びそれに共有結合で連結された生体適合性物質を含む結合体、並びに
(ii)エキセンジン-4の1番目のアミノ酸(ヒスチジン)のα炭素を欠失させたイミダゾアセチルエキセンジン-4部位、及びそれに共有結合で連結された生体適合性物質を含む結合体を含み、前記生体適合性物質が、免疫グロブリンFc領域、高分子重合体、コレステロール、アルブミン、抗体、フィブロネクチン、トランスフェリン(Transferrin)、サッカライド、ヘパリン、及びエラスチンからなる群から選択され、前記高分子重合体が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール-プロピレングリコール共重合体、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリサッカライド、デキストラン、ポリビニルエチルエーテル、キチン、ヒアルロン酸、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。 - 配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド部位、及びそれに共有結合で連結された生体適合性物質を含む結合体を含み、前記結合体が、エキセンジン-4の1番目のアミノ酸(ヒスチジン)のα炭素を欠失させたイミダゾアセチルエキセンジン-4部位、及びそれに共有結合で連結された生体適合性物質を含む結合体と組み合わせて投与され、前記生体適合性物質が、免疫グロブリンFc領域、高分子重合体、コレステロール、アルブミン、抗体、フィブロネクチン、トランスフェリン(Transferrin)、サッカライド、ヘパリン、及びエラスチンからなる群から選択され、前記高分子重合体が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール-プロピレングリコール共重合体、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリサッカライド、デキストラン、ポリビニルエチルエーテル、キチン、ヒアルロン酸、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド部位及びイミダゾアセチルエキセンジン-4部位は、それぞれの生体適合性物質にリンカーを介して連結されている、請求項12又は13に記載の薬学的組成物。
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