TW201342175A - 同時感測配置 - Google Patents

同時感測配置 Download PDF

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TW201342175A
TW201342175A TW102100040A TW102100040A TW201342175A TW 201342175 A TW201342175 A TW 201342175A TW 102100040 A TW102100040 A TW 102100040A TW 102100040 A TW102100040 A TW 102100040A TW 201342175 A TW201342175 A TW 201342175A
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sensing
touch
lines
signal
driving
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TWI522873B (zh
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Steven Porter Hotelling
John Greer Elias
Kapil Vinod Sakariya
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Apple Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/325—Power saving in peripheral device
    • G06F1/3262—Power saving in digitizer or tablet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/325—Power saving in peripheral device
    • G06F1/3265—Power saving in display device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
    • G06F3/041661—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving using detection at multiple resolutions, e.g. coarse and fine scanning; using detection within a limited area, e.g. object tracking window
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/047—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using sets of wires, e.g. crossed wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04101—2.5D-digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface and also measures the distance of the input means within a short range in the Z direction, possibly with a separate measurement setup
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04104—Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)

Abstract

本發明揭示一種多觸控型觸控感測裝置及方法。該等觸控感測裝置可包括多個感測點，每一感測點位於一驅動線與一感測線之一交越。在一些具體實施例中，可以藉由具有唯一特徵(諸如相位或頻率)的驅動信號來同時或接近同時地刺激多個驅動線。一感測信號可出現於每一感測線上，可藉由在對應於該等受刺激的驅動線與該感測線之感測點處存在之一觸控量而將該感測信號與該等驅動信號相關。藉由使用基於該等唯一驅動信號之處理技術，可以從該感測信號擷取對應於每一感測點之一觸控量。可以將該等觸控感測方法及裝置併入用於諸如桌上型電腦、平板型電腦、筆記型電腦及手持式電腦、個人數位助理、媒體播放器及行動電話之各種電子裝置之介面。

Description

同時感測配置
近來，用於電子裝置及電腦系統的基於觸控及/或近接之輸入系統越來越令人感興趣，其能夠同時辨識多個觸控及/或懸浮事件。此等系統中有許多系統，例如該些基於互電容或特定的光學感測配置之系統，用於向複數個感測點施加週期性刺激波形並偵測可以藉由存在於該感測點處的觸控及/或近接數量而與該週期性刺激波形相關之感測波形。在一些具體實施例中，此等系統向在該等感測點處耦合至感測線之驅動線施加週期性刺激波形。一般地，採取一次一線之方式向此等驅動線施加刺激波形。由於裝置一般包括複數個此等驅動線，因此依序驅動每一驅動線。
依據本發明之一具體實施例，提供一種從一觸控敏感表面導出觸控資訊之方法。該觸控敏感裝置可包括複數個感測點。每一感測點可位於一驅動線與一感測線之一交越或其附近。例如，該方法可包括藉由一或多個唯一驅動信號來同時(或實質上同時)刺激複數個該等驅動線。例如，該等信號可具有預定的相位及/或頻率關係。該方法可進一步包括感測在該等感測線的至少一線上之一感測信號。該感測信號可藉由一或多個物件對位於該複數個驅動線與該至少一感測線的交越處或其附近之一或多個感測點之觸控或近接而與該等驅動信號相關。該方法還可包括(例如)從該感測信號導出觸控資訊。可 藉由從該感測信號導出複數個值，例如藉由在一或多個時間週期求該感測信號積分並從該複數個值之一數學組合導出觸控資訊，來從該感測信號導出觸控。
在另一具體實施例中，本發明可以係關於一種多觸控感測裝置。該觸控感測裝置可包括(例如)一觸控敏感表面，其具有位於驅動線與感測線之一交越處的複數個感測點。該觸控感測裝置還可以包括經組態用以同時向複數個該等驅動線施加唯一驅動信號之驅動電路。例如，該等信號可具有預定的相位及/或頻率關係。該觸控感測裝置還可包括經組態用以偵測在至少一感測線中的一感測信號並針對該等感測點之一或多個點從此感測信號導出觸控資訊之感測電路。此一觸控感測裝置可以係基於(例如)自電容或互電容。
在另一具體實施例中，本發明可關於一種如上所述併入一觸控感測配置或實施一觸控感測方法之電子裝置或電腦系統。該電子裝置可以採取各種形式，包括(例如)桌上型電腦、平板型電腦、筆記型電腦、手持式電腦、個人數位助理、媒體播放器或行動電話。亦可以採用其他外型尺寸。
在另一具體實施例中，本發明可以係關於一種從一觸控敏感表面導出觸控資訊之方法。該方法可包括執行對該觸控敏感表面之一區域之一粗略掃描以決定在該第一區域內是否存在一觸控。若存在一觸控，則可執行對該區域之精細掃描以決定關於存在於該區域內的一或多個觸控之更精確的資料。若不存在一觸控，則可以省略精細掃描，而可以開始進行對另一區域之一粗略掃描。藉由消除不必要的精細掃描，可以由此節省時間及電力。
100‧‧‧多觸控感測配置
101‧‧‧觸控敏感表面/多觸控感測器
102‧‧‧感測點、座標或節點
103‧‧‧電容感測電路
104‧‧‧驅動電路
105a‧‧‧導電迹線/驅動線
105b‧‧‧導電迹線/感測線
106‧‧‧處理器
107‧‧‧電腦系統
201‧‧‧接觸修補區
202‧‧‧節點
300‧‧‧互電容電路
301‧‧‧電壓源
302‧‧‧寄生電容
501‧‧‧觸控敏感表面
502‧‧‧節點
504‧‧‧驅動電路
505a‧‧‧驅動列/驅動線
505b‧‧‧感測線
701‧‧‧第一群組脈衝
702‧‧‧第二群組脈衝
703‧‧‧第三群組脈衝
704‧‧‧第四群組脈衝
705‧‧‧所感測波形
801‧‧‧波形
802‧‧‧波形
806‧‧‧波形
807‧‧‧波形
901‧‧‧週期性波形
902‧‧‧週期性波形
903‧‧‧週期性波形
904‧‧‧週期性波形
1001‧‧‧桌上型電腦
1002‧‧‧筆記型電腦
1003‧‧‧平板型電腦
1004‧‧‧手持式電腦
1005‧‧‧個人數位助理
1006‧‧‧媒體播放器
1007‧‧‧行動電話
1201‧‧‧時序信號
1201a‧‧‧時序信號
1201b‧‧‧時序信號
藉由參考以上結合附圖所作的說明，可更好地理解本發明之上述及其他態樣，其中： 圖1解說依據本發明之一具體實施例用作針對一電腦系統之一輸入裝置的一多觸控感測裝置。
圖2解說依據本發明之一具體實施例對應於與一多觸控表面的複數個感測點近接之一物件的複數個接觸修補區。
圖3解說可用於本發明之一具體實施例之互電容感測電路之一簡化示意圖。
圖4解說依據本發明之一具體實施例用以操作一多觸控感測裝置之一程序。
圖5解說依據本發明之一具體實施例之一多觸控感測裝置。
圖6解說依據本發明之一具體實施例用以執行多線刺激之一程序。
圖7解說依據先前技術之一單一線刺激配置。
圖8解說依據本發明之一具體實施例之一兩線同時刺激配置。
圖9解說依據本發明之一具體實施例之一四線同時刺激配置。
圖10解說可依據本發明之一具體實施例而使用的各種電子裝置及電腦系統外型尺寸。
圖11解說依據本發明之一具體實施例之一基於頻率的四線同時刺激配置。
圖12A至12E一般解說依據本發明之一具體實施例針對刺激窗口之各種替代例。
可以藉由如圖1所示之一多觸控感測配置來實現對多個同時或接近同時觸控事件之辨識。多觸控感測配置100可同時、接近同時、於不同時間或者在一時間週期偵測及監視橫跨觸控敏感表面101之多個觸控屬性(包括，例如，識別、位置、速度、尺寸、形狀及量值)。觸控敏感表面101可以提供實質上彼此不相關地發揮功能並代表在一觸 控敏感表面上的不同點之複數個感測點、座標或節點102。感測點102可以係定位於一柵格或一像素陣列中，而各感測點能夠同時產生一信號。可將感測點102視為將觸控敏感表面101映射進一座標系統，例如一笛卡爾(Cartesian)或極座標系統。
一觸控敏感表面可以(例如)採取一平板型或一觸控螢幕之形式。為產生一觸控螢幕，可以藉由一實質上透明的導電媒體(例如氧化銦錫(ITO))來形成電容感測點及其他相關聯的電結構。可以改變感測點102之數目及組態。感測點102之數目一般係由所需的解析度及敏感度決定。在觸控螢幕應用中，感測點102之數目還可由該觸控螢幕之所需透明度決定。
使用一多觸控感測配置，如下面更詳細說明之配置，在多觸控感測器101的節點102處產生之信號可用於在一特定時刻產生該等觸控之一影像。例如，與觸控敏感表面101接觸或近接之每一物件(例如，手指、尖筆等)可以產生接觸修補區201，如圖2所示。接觸修補區201之每一區可覆蓋數個節點102。所覆蓋的節點202可以偵測該物件，而其餘節點102不可以偵測該物件。因此，可以形成該觸控表面平面之一像素化影像(其可稱為一觸控影像、一多觸控影像或一近接影像)。可以將針對每一接觸修補區201之信號聚集在一起。每一接觸修補區201可包括依據每一點處的觸控量之高與低點。接觸修補區201之形狀以及該影像內的高與低點可用於區分彼此緊密近接之接觸修補區201。此外，可以將當前影像與先前影像相比較，以決定該等物件如何可以隨時間移動，以及因此將在一主機裝置中執行什麼對應動作。
可以結合此等感測配置使用許多不同感測技術，包括電阻、電容、光學等。在基於電容之感測配置中，隨著一物件接近觸控敏感表面101，在該物件與近接該物件的感測點102之間形成一小電容。 藉由偵測在該等感測點102的每一點處由此小電容引起的電容變化，以及藉由標注該等感測點之位置，一感測電路103可以偵測及監視多個觸控。該等電容感測節點可以係基於自電容或互電容。
在自電容系統中，相對於某一參考(例如，接地)來測量一感測點之"自"電容。感測點102可以係空間分離的電極。此等電極係藉由導電述線105a(驅動線)及105b(感測線)而耦合至驅動電路104及感測電路103。在某些自電容具體實施例中，可以將一至每一電極之單一導電述線兼用作一驅動與感測線。
在互電容系統中，可以測量介於一第一電極與一第二電極之間的"互"電容。在互電容感測配置中，可以藉由圖案化導體(其形成空間分離的線)之交越而形成該等感測點。例如，可以在一第一層上形成驅動線105a而可以在一第二層上形成感測線105b，使得該等驅動與感測線在感測點102處彼此交越或"交叉"。該等不同層可以係不同的基板、同一基板之不同側或者藉由某一介電分離之一基板的同一側。由於該等驅動與感測線係分離，因此在每一"交叉點"存在一電容耦合節點。
該等驅動與感測線之配置方式可以改變。例如，在一笛卡爾座標系統(如所示)中，該等驅動線可以係形成為水平列，而該等感測線可以係形成為垂直行(或反之亦然)，從而形成可視為具有不同x與y座標之複數個節點。或者，在一極座標系統中，該等感測線可以係複數個同心圓，而該等驅動線係徑向延伸的線(或反之亦然)，從而形成可視為具有不同的r與角座標之複數個節點。在任一情況下，驅動線105a可以係連接至驅動電路104，而感測線105b可以係連接至感測電路103。
在操作期間，向每一驅動線105a施加一驅動信號(例如，一週期性電壓)。在受驅動時，施壓於驅動線105a上的電荷可以透過節點102 電容耦合至交叉的感測線105b。此可以在感測線105b中產生一可偵測、可測量的電流及/或電壓。該驅動信號與出現於感測線105b上的信號之間的關係與耦合該等驅動與感測線的電容成函數關係，該電容可能受與節點102近接之一物件的影響，如上文所提到。(一或多個)電容感測電路103可以感測感測線105b並可以決定在每一節點處的電容，下面將更詳細地說明。
如上所述，可以一次一線的方式來驅動傳統驅動線105a，而將其他驅動線接地。針對每一驅動線105a重複此程序直至已驅動所有該等驅動線，而由所感測的結果構建一觸控影像(基於電容)。一旦已驅動所有該等線105a，該序列便會重複以構建一系列觸控影像。但是，在本發明之一些具體實施例中，可以同時或接近同時驅動多個驅動線，例如，如下所述。本文所使用的"同時"涵蓋精確同時以及接近同時之事件。例如，同時事件可開始於大致相同的時間，結束於大致相同的時間，及/或發生於至少部分重疊的時間週期。
圖3解說對應於上述配置之互電容電路300之一簡化示意圖。互電容電路300可包括驅動線105a與感測線105b，該等驅動與感測線係空間分離而由此形成電容耦合節點102。驅動線105a可以係電(例如，導電)耦合至以電壓源301來表示之驅動電路104。感測線105b可以係電耦合至電容感測電路103。在某些情況下，驅動線105a與感測線105b皆可以包括某寄生電容302。
如上文所提到，在與驅動線105a及感測線105b的交叉點近接之一導電物件不存在之情況下，節點102處的電容耦合保持相當恆定。但是，若一導電物件(例如，使用者的手指、尖筆等)變成與節點102近接，則該電容耦合(即，本端系統之電容)改變。電容耦合之變化導致由感測線105b所載送的電流(及/或電壓)改變。電容感測電路103可以標注節點102之電容變化及位置並將此資訊以某一形式報告給處理 器106(圖1)。
參考圖1，感測電路103可獲取來自觸控表面101之資料並將所獲取之資料提供給處理器106。在一些具體實施例中，感測電路103可經組態用以向處理器106傳送原始資料(例如，對應於每一感測點102的電容值之一陣列)。在其他具體實施例中，感測電路103可經組態用以由其自身來處理該原始資料並將經處理的觸控資料傳遞給處理器106。在任一情況下，該處理器可以接著使用其所接收的資料來控制電腦系統107之操作及/或執行於其上的一或多個應用程式。在上文所參考的應用中說明沿此等線的各種實施方案，而且此等實施方案包括具有觸控墊與觸控螢幕之各種電腦系統。
在一些具體實施例中，感測電路103可以包括一或多個微控制器，該等微控制器之每一微控制器可監視一或多個感測點102。該等微控制器可以係特定應用積體電路(ASIC)，其結合韌體工作以監視來自觸控敏感表面101之信號、處理受監視的信號並將此資訊報告給處理器106。該等微控制器還可以係數位信號處理器(DSP)。在一些具體實施例中，感測電路103可包括測量在每一感測線105b中的電容並向處理器106或電腦系統107中之一主機控制器(未顯示)報告測量值之一或多個感測器IC。可以使用任何數目之感測器IC。例如，可以將一感測器IC用於所有線，或者可以將多個感測器IC用於一單一線或一群組的線。
圖4解說用以於操作一多觸控感測配置(如上述配置)之一高階程序400。該程序可以開始於步驟401，其中驅動複數個感測點102。在步驟401之後，該程序流程可進行到步驟402，其中讀取來自感測點102之輸出。例如，可以獲得針對每一感測點102之一電容值。在步驟402後，該程序可進行到步驟403，其中可以產生在一時刻的觸控之一影像或其他形式的資料(一或多個信號)而然後加以分析以決定物 件對該觸控感測器之觸控或近接可位於何處。在步驟403後，該程序可進行到步驟404，其中可以將當前影像或信號與一或多個過去的影像或信號相比較以決定針對每一物件在形狀、尺寸、位置、方向、速度、加速度、壓力等之一或多個方面之一變化。隨後可以使用此資訊(在步驟405中)在電腦系統107中執行一動作，其範圍從移動一指標或游標至複雜的基於姿勢之互動。
如上文所提到，可以藉由同時驅動多列來實現多觸控敏感配置之增強的操作。圖5解說可以結合採用多列刺激之一範例性多觸控感測裝置500，且其具有一般對應於圖1所示配置101之參考數字。在該給定範例中，觸控敏感表面501具有十六個驅動列505a，但可以使用任何數目之驅動列。該等驅動列可以係分成(例如)四個群組，例如，群組1、群組2、群組3及群組4，每一群組包括四個驅動列505a。還可以採用其他的群組數目及每群組之列數目。
在各種參考文獻中說明多觸控感測器陣列之掃描，該等參考文獻包括美國專利申請案第11/381,313號，其係以引用的方式併入於此。可以藉由參考圖7來簡要概述該程序。一般地，依序向驅動列505a施加一週期性波形(例如，一系列方波脈衝)。例如，可以將一第一群組脈衝701施加於列A，接下來將一第二群組脈衝702施加於列B，接下來將一第三群組脈衝703施加於列C，接下來將一第四群組脈衝704施加於列D。此等週期性波形係電容性耦合進感測線505b，此一般在每一感測線上產生所感測波形705。可以輸入在一預定時間週期積分所得之所感測波形705，以測量在每一節點502處驅動線505a與感測線505b之間的電容耦合。其他處理(例如過濾、解調變等)亦可以發生。
在所感測波形705中，從t0至t1之時間週期對應於列A之刺激。藉由在此時間週期求所感測波形之積分而產生一數值X1，此數值X1可 對應於在列A與所感測行的交叉點處之一節點的電容。同樣，從t1至t2之時間週期對應於列B，從t2至t3之時間週期對應於列C，而從t3至t4之時間週期對應於列D。在此等時間週期之每一時間週期求所感測波形之積分，可以產生對應於在該等列B、C及D與所感測行的交叉點處之節點之電容的數值X2、X3及X4。
圖8解說一多線刺激配置，其中可以同時刺激兩個線。明確言之，可以藉由同時(或接近同時)刺激列A與列B，其波形為801與802。可以看出，(例如)在該第四脈衝後可以調整波形801之相位。因此，波形801與802之其餘脈衝可以係180°異相。同樣，可以同時(或接近同時)刺激列C與列D，其波形為806與807。同樣，(例如)在該第四脈衝後可以調整波形806之相位。因此，波形806與807之其餘脈衝可以係180°異相。參考上述+與-符號可以容易地理解該等波形之間的相位關係。
與上文參考圖7所述之範例不同，該等時間週期t0至t1、t1至t2、t2至t3及t3至t4可能不再唯一地對應於列A至D。同樣，由在此等時間週期求所感測波形(未顯示)之積分而產生之測量值X1、X2、X3及X4不再唯一對應於在一特定列與所感測行的交叉點處之一節點之電容。在圖8之範例中，時間週期t0至t1及t1至t2及其對應的測量值一起對應於列A與列B。同樣，時間週期t2至t3及t3至t4連同其對應的測量值X3及X4一起對應於列C與列D。但是，由於該等刺激波形801與802之間的相位差，因此可以將僅刺激列A與僅刺激列B之效果互相隔離。同樣，由於該等刺激波形806與807之間的相位差，因此可以將僅刺激列C與僅刺激列D之效果互相隔離。
明確言之，由於刺激波形801與802在時間週期t0至t1係同相而在時間週期t1至t2係異相，因此積分結果X1加上積分結果X2(即，X1+X2)可以產生對應於在列A與所感測線的交叉點處之一節點之電 容的一值，即僅列A之刺激的效果。同樣，該積分結果X1減去該積分結果X2(即，X1-X2)可產生對應於在列B與所感測線的交叉點處之一節點之電容的一值，即僅列B之刺激的效果。
此同樣適用於列C與D。由於刺激波形806與807在時間週期t2至t3係同相而在時間週期t3至t4係異相，因此積分結果X3加上積分結果X4(即，X3+X4)可以產生對應於列C與所感測線的交叉點處之一節點的電容(即，僅列C之刺激的效果)之一值。同樣，該整合結果X3減去該解調變結果X4(即，X3-X4))可產生對應於在列D與所感測線的交叉點處之一節點之電容的一值，即僅列D之刺激的效果。
圖9解說其中同時刺激四個線之一範例性多線刺激配置。在從t0至t1之一第一週期期間，向列A至D施加的週期性波形901至904係同相。在時間t1(例如，在該第四脈衝後)，可以將波形901及902之相位調整成使得波形901及902係相對於波形903及904而180°異相。同樣，在時間t2(例如，在接下來四個脈衝後)，調整波形901及903之相位。此可導致波形901及904係相對於波形902及903而180°異相。最後，在時間t3(例如，在四個以上脈衝後)，可以再次調整波形901及902之相位。此可導致波形901及903係相對於波形902及904而180°異相。參考圖中的+與-符號可以理解各種波形之間的相位關係。
如前述範例中一樣，波形901至904之間的相位關係允許將每一個別列上的刺激效果作為測量的積分結果之數學組合而隔離。明確言之，可以藉由表達式X1+X2+X3+X4來決定列A之刺激的效果。可以藉由加總X1+X2-X3-X4來決定列B之刺激的效果。可以藉由X1-X2-X3+X4來決定列C之刺激的效果。可以藉由X1-X2+X3-X4來決定列D之刺激的效果。
可以參考圖6之流程圖來進一步理解具有多列刺激之多觸控感測配置500之操作的程序600。首先，可以獲得針對一列群組之直流成 分601。在圖8之範例中，可以藉由在時間週期t0至t1求所感測波形之積分來獲得包括列A與列B的列群組之直流成分。此直流成分可(稍微粗略地)指示在對應於觸控表面501之一特定區域的一給定群組(例如列A與B)內是否存在任何觸控。若在決策步驟602中決定在一給定群組/區域內無觸控，則可以採取類似方式掃描下一群組(例如，列C與D)。此可以係藉由(例如)實施計數器603來實施。若在決策步驟602中，決定在一給定群組/區域內有觸控，如由該群組的直流成分所示，則在步驟604中執行該群組之一精細掃描。可以組合該精細掃描之結果以擷取對應於每一列之信號，如上所述。一旦已掃描所有群組，該程序便重複。
回過來參考圖5及6，可以依據前述各段中說明的原理來掃描每一列群組。一多觸控感測配置可包括任何數目的列與任何數目的群組。在一些具體實施例中，一多觸控感測配置可以採用在一單一群組上的多線刺激，即可以同時或接近同時刺激該裝置之所有線。此外，儘管按列及行來說明，但可以將該等驅動與感測線配置於任何幾何配置中。
如上所述之多線刺激可以提供若干優點。例如，當同時刺激多列時，可以減小該刺激電壓。明確言之，多列刺激之添加效果可以使得針對一較低的"每列"刺激電壓而產生相同的所感測波形振幅。例如，使用一18 Vpp(伏特峰值至峰值)刺激電壓之一單一線掃描配置可以使用一9 Vpp刺激電壓而同時刺激兩個線或者採用一4.5 Vpp刺激電壓而同時刺激四個線，等等，從而獲得類似的所感測波形振幅。
減小該刺激電壓可以允許直接從一驅動器晶片供應驅動信號而無需一高電壓升壓器。所減小的電壓亦可輔助避免邊緣電場與電晶體崩潰問題。所減小的電壓亦可產生減小的功率消耗。由於功率按電壓的平方而縮放，因此藉由將電壓減小一四倍因數(針對四列同時 刺激)而將每列的功率減小一16倍因數。但是，由於有四列受驅動，因此實際的功率節省可能僅係一4倍因數。但是，如上所述，當在該區域之一直流掃描期間未偵測到觸控時，還可以藉由不進行一精細掃描來節省額外的功率。
上述多列刺激技術之一變化方案可稱為差動多列刺激。可參考下表來了解差動多列刺激，其顯示與針對一差動多列刺激範例(差動多列刺激)的刺激波形之極性相比，針對上述圖9之多列刺激範例(多列刺激)的刺激波形之極性。差動多列刺激一般可對應於上述多列刺激範例，不同之處係可如下所示而重新配置該等刺激波形之極性。
從表中可看出，在該多列刺激範例中，橫跨列A而施加的淨極性可具有四倍於該刺激波形之振幅之一直流分量。同樣，該第一時間週期(期間可測量值X1)亦可以具有四倍於該刺激波形之振幅之一淨直流分量。在該差動多列刺激範例中，可以將該等極性重新配置成使得無任何列或時間週期具有一直流分量。缺少一直流分量可能產生若干優點，包括允許該電荷感測電路在零偏移、自動基線移除、固有的質心計算及增加的信號對雜訊比之條件下進行操作。在一些具體實施例中，可能需要同時刺激該感測器之所有列(即，僅具有一列群組)，因為不同群組之間的直流偏移之差可能因該刺激中缺少直流成分而損失。
多列刺激概念之其他變化包括基於相位或頻率的多列刺激。在 前述範例中，可以藉由具有極性(相位)差的波形來刺激不同列，從而可以在聚集的感測波形中隔離一給定列之效果。允許此類隔離之另一方式(圖11所示)係藉由具有一不同頻率之刺激波形來刺激一群組之每一列。接著，一或多個解調變電路可以在該感測波形中分離此等頻率使得可以隔離每一受刺激線所起的作用。在許多具體實施例中，可能已經存在解調變電路用於雜訊過濾。
可以參考圖12來理解依據本文所述原理之其他用於刺激波形的可行方案之範例。時序信號1201可定義一刺激時間窗口。每一線可具有一對應的時序信號。在該刺激時間窗口期間，例如當信號1201係高時，可以向該(或該等)對應的線施加一刺激波形。此刺激波形可採取各種形式，包括一方波、一正弦波、一指數衰減正弦波、一脈衝正弦波等。
本文所使用的同時刺激表示在同一時間週期(例如窗口，其可包括任何形狀及採用任何組合的一或多個脈衝)期間向至少兩個線施加至少一刺激。換言之，同時刺激包括具有時間上至少部分重疊的刺激窗口之至少兩個線。例如，在圖12B中，針對列A之一刺激窗口(由時序信號1201a所定義)可同時開始，延伸相同的持續時間，而終止於與針對列B之一刺激窗口(由時序信號1201b所定義)相同的時間。或者，如圖12C所示，針對列A(由時序信號1201a所定義)與列B(由時序信號1201b所定義)之刺激窗口可以開始與結束於不同時間，但是具有至少某一重疊部分。圖12D所示之另一替代例係使得針對列A(由時序信號1201a所定義)與列B(由時序信號1201b所定義)之刺激窗口可同時開始但終止於不同時間。圖12E所示之另一替代方案係使得列A(由時序信號1201a所定義)與列B(由時序信號1201b所定義)之刺激窗口可開始於不同時間但同時終止。還可以將此等各種配置延伸用於多於兩個之一數目的列，而只要在至少某些列之間存在一定的刺激重疊便 具有完全的靈活性。
本文所述原理可用於將輸入裝置設計用於各種電子裝置及電腦系統。此等電子裝置及電腦系統可以係圖10所示各種類型之任一類型，包括桌上型電腦1001、筆記型電腦1002、平板型電腦1003、手持式電腦1004、個人數位助理1005、媒體播放器1006、行動電話1007及類似物。此外，該等電子裝置及電腦系統可以係此等類型之組合，例如作為一個人數位助理、媒體播放器及行動電話之一組合的一裝置。
還可以對上述具體實施例進行其他變更、置換及組合。例如，可以依據紅外線/光學感測配置來設計多觸控及近接系統，該等紅外線/光學感測配置依賴來自手的部分或其他觸控物件之週期性波形刺激及反射來偵測觸控及/或懸浮事件。本文所述之原理儘管係參考電容系統來說明，但同樣適用於其中由從週期性刺激波形擷取的資訊來決定觸控或近接感測之任何系統。因此，希望將下列申請專利範圍解釋為包括前述方案之所有變更、置換、組合及等效物。
100‧‧‧多觸控感測配置
101‧‧‧觸控敏感表面/多觸控感測器
102‧‧‧感測點、座標或節點
103‧‧‧電容感測電路
104‧‧‧驅動電路
105a‧‧‧導電迹線/驅動線
105b‧‧‧導電述線/感測線
106‧‧‧處理器
107‧‧‧電腦系統

Claims (18)

  1. 一種從一觸控敏感表面導出觸控資訊之方法，該觸控敏感表面包含複數個感測點，每一感測點係與複數個驅動線之至少一驅動線以及複數個感測線之至少一感測線相關聯，該方法包含：藉由相同頻率之多個驅動信號在一時間週期期間同時刺激該複數個驅動線之兩個驅動線，其中該等驅動信號在該時間週期之一第一部份之期間係同相且在該時間週期之一第二部份之期間係異相；感測在至少一感測線上之一感測信號，其中該感測信號藉由一或多個物件對與該兩個驅動線的至少一線及該至少一感測線相關聯之一或多個感測點的觸控或近接而而與該等驅動信號相關；以及從該感測信號導出觸控資訊。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中從該感測信號導出觸控資訊包含：從該感測信號導出複數個值；及從該複數個值之一數學組合導出觸控資訊。
  3. 如請求項1或請求項2之方法，其中從該感測信號導出複數個值包含求該感測信號對時間之積分。
  4. 如請求項1至請求項3之任一者之方法，其中該觸控資訊包含在每一感測點處的觸控值之一陣列。
  5. 如請求項4之方法，其中該等觸控值包括一電容測量。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其中該時間週期進一步包括第三及第四部分，且藉由相同頻率之驅動信號在該時間週期期間同時刺激該複數個驅動線之四個驅動線，其中每一驅動信號在該時間週期之該等部分之至少一部份之期間與其他驅動信號之每一者異 相。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其中該等驅動信號之一預定相位關係係經選擇以消除該感測信號之一直流分量。
  8. 一種觸控感測裝置，其包含：一觸控敏感表面，其具有複數個感測點，每一感測點係與複數個驅動線之一驅動線以及複數個感測線之一感測線相關聯；驅動電路，其在一時間週期期間同時向該複數個驅動線之兩個驅動線施加驅動信號，其中該等驅動信號具有一預定頻率關係及一預定相位關係之一者，其中在該預定頻率關係中，該等驅動信號具有不同頻率，且在該預定相位關係中，該等驅動信號具有相同頻率且在該時間週期之一第一部份期間係同相而在該時間週期之一第二部份期間係異相；及感測電路，其偵測在至少一感測線中之一感測信號，該感測信號藉由一或多個物件對與該感測線相關聯的一或多個感測點之觸控或近接而與該等驅動信號相關，且該感測電路從該感測信號導出針對該一或多個感測點之觸控資訊。
  9. 如請求項8之觸控感測裝置，其中該感測電路包含至少一微控制器。
  10. 如請求項9之觸控感測裝置，其中該至少一微控制器係一特定應用積體電路(ASIC)。
  11. 如請求項9之觸控感測裝置，其中該至少一微控制器係一數位信號處理器(DSP)。
  12. 如請求項8之觸控感測裝置，其中該感測電路藉由從該感測信號導出複數個值並從該複數個值之一數學組合導出觸控資訊來從該感測信號導出觸控資訊。
  13. 如請求項11之觸控感測裝置，其中該感測電路藉由求該感測信 號對時間之積分而從該感測信號導出複數個值。
  14. 如請求項8之觸控感測裝置，其中該觸控敏感表面係基於互電容。
  15. 如請求項14之觸控感測裝置，其中該觸控資訊包含在每一感測點處的觸控值之一陣列。
  16. 如請求項15之觸控感測裝置，其中該等觸控值對應於在每一感測點處之一電容測量。
  17. 如請求項8之觸控感測裝置，其中該時間週期進一步包括第三及第四部分，且在該時間週期期間同時施加多個驅動信號至四個驅動線，其中，在該預定相位關係中，該等驅動信號具有相同頻率且每一驅動信號在該時間週期之該等部分之至少一部份之期間與其他驅動信號之每一者異相。
  18. 如請求項8之觸控感測裝置，其中該預定相位關係係經選擇以消除該感測信號之一直流分量。
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US20170097728A1 (en) 2017-04-06
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