TW200413270A - Ceramic and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Ceramic and method for production thereof Download PDF

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TW200413270A
TW200413270A TW092124961A TW92124961A TW200413270A TW 200413270 A TW200413270 A TW 200413270A TW 092124961 A TW092124961 A TW 092124961A TW 92124961 A TW92124961 A TW 92124961A TW 200413270 A TW200413270 A TW 200413270A
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weight
patent application
scope
oxide
item
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TW092124961A
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Yoshiharu Okiyama
Ryo Yamaguchi
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Sodick Co Ltd
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Description

200413270 五、發明說明(i) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於,適用於支撐平面顯示器(f 1 a t p a n e 1 d i s p 1 a y ,以下簡稱F P D )用玻璃基板的精密夾頭, 例如··真空夾頭或靜電夾頭的陶瓷及其製造方法。 【先前技術】 各精密夾頭與支撐座,都是為了支撐玻璃基板或半導 體晶圓,而用於FPD製造裝置或半導體製造裝置上;一般 而言,這些裝置都不喜歡不必要的反射或透射光;已公開 的曰本專利8 — 2 6 2 0 9 0中,則有公開搭載液晶顯示器 (Liquid Crystal Display ,以下簡稱LCD)用玻璃基 板,且有實施氧化銘膜處理(a 1 u m i t e - t r e a t e d )的黑色 支撐座;由於光會在黑色支撐座表面產生亂反射的同時而 受到吸收,因此可防止因光反射所引起的成暈現象 (halation ) 〇 已公開的日本專利8 — 1 3 9 1 6 8中有公開出,低反射率 薄膜層所形成的陶瓷製真空夾頭;近年來,已可供應更大 尺寸的F P D用基板或晶圓,因此擁有高比剛性(楊氏模量 (Y 〇 u n g )/比重)的陶瓷製夾頭需求正日益高漲之中;鋁 擁有28GPa · cm3 /g比剛性,相對之下氧化鋁陶瓷或氮化鋁 (A1N)陶兗,貝1J 擁有 80 〜95GPa · c m3 / g ,90 〜95GPa · cm3 / g比剛性。 已公開的日本專利2 0 0 1 — 0 1 9 5 4 0 、1 0 — 0 9 5 6 7 3中各公 開出,以堇青石(C 〇 r d i e r i t e )為基礎的黑色陶瓷及以氮化 鋁(A 1 N )為基礎的黑色陶瓷;這些黑色陶瓷具有同於F P D用
第5頁 200413270 五、發明說明(2) 基板的電氣絕緣體;F P D用基板一旦接觸到絕緣性陶瓷製 夾頭後,便會在基板内引起靜電.分極,如此一來便會發生 火花放電而損及基板。
已公開的日本專利1 1 — 2 4 5 1 3 3中有敘述,製作磁頭滑 塊時所引起的靜電分極問題;數個滑塊是藉由切斷數個薄 膜器件所形成的滑桿而獲得滑塊;當滑桿接合於絕緣治具 後,電荷便會在該薄膜器件的金屬層中產生分極;此份公 報有公開出,使用半導電性陶瓷製治具,便可解決這種靜 電分極問題;已公開的治具表面電阻範圍在,1 X〗Ο6 ( Ω /square)以上未滿lx ΙΟ12 (Ω /square )。 1^02屬於以添加0.5〜2%重量之氧化鋁(八1 2 03 )為基 礎的半導電性陶瓷,且已公開於日本專利6 2 — 0 9 4 9 5 3 ;這 種氧化鋁陶瓷是在還原環境下進行燒成。 已公開的日本專利1 1 — 1 8 9 4 5 8中有公開,擁有1 04〜 1 Ο12 Ω .cm體積内在電阻與10kV/mm以上絕緣耐壓的半導 電性陶瓷;這種半導電性陶瓷含有4 0〜8 5體積%的氧化鋁 結晶粒、及Μ η N b 2 0 6、Μ n 2 A 1 0 4、Μ n F e 2 0 4超過一種以上的結晶 粒;價格較為低廉的氧化鋁,是在一般大氣環境下所燒 成,因此可大量生產出半導電性陶瓷。
本發明目的在於,藉由含高比率主成分的氧化鋁,以 提供擁有高比剛性的氧化銘陶究。 本發明的其他目的在於,不讓氧化鋁比率過度降低, 以提供符合低反射率與半導電性需求的陶瓷。 【發明内容】
第6頁 200413270 五、發明說明(3) 本發明之陶瓷含Mn、Ti 、Fe、Si 、Ca、Mg 80 %重量 以上的氧化鋁(A 1 2 0 3 ),再藉由燒成以生成出Μ n — A 1尖晶 石(spinel)結晶(MnO · A1 2 03)與富石夕高嶺土(anauxite) 結晶(C a 0 · A 1 2 0 3 . 2 S〇2 ),且擁有1 X 1 0 1 1 Ω · c m以下的體 積内在電阻。 根據氧化物換算後,最佳的陶瓷需含合計2〜1 1 %重 量以上的Mn、Ti、Fe,將Μη換算成氧化物(MnO )後含0· 5 %重量以上、將Ti換算成氧化物(TiG2 )後含0· 5 %重量以 上、將Fe換算成氧化物(Fe2G3 )後則含0. 5 %重量以上。 此外,根據氧化物換算後,最佳的陶瓷需含合計6〜9 %重量以上的S 1 、C a、M g,將S 1換算成氧化物(S i )後 含4 %重量以上、將Ca換算成氧化物(CaO )後含0· 4 %重 量以上、將Mg換算成氧化物(MgO )後則含0· 4 %重量以 上。 本發明之陶瓷製造方法,是藉由含二氧化錳(Μ n()2 )、氧化鈦(Tiq2 )、氧化鐵(Fe2〇3 )、硅石(石英)或黏 土、白雲石(Dolomite)、方解石(Calcite)、菱鎮礦 (Magnec i t e )主成分的氧化鋁混合成粉末以作出成形 體,再以1 3 0 0〜1 4 5 0 °C高溫的液化石油氣(1 i q u i f i e d p e t r〇1 e u m g a s ,L P G )爐或電氣爐燒成出成形體,以生成 Μ η — A 1尖晶石(spinel)結晶與富石夕高嶺土 ( a η o r t h i t e )結晶。 有關其他創新特徵,將緊接於後繼續說明。 【實施方式】 200413270 五、發明說明(4) 首先將二氧化錳(MnQ2 )粉末、氧化鈦(Τιπ2 )粉 末、氧化鐵(F e 2。3 )粉末、硅石或黏土粉末、白雲石粉 末、方解石粉末及菱鎂礦粉末秤重後,混合於主成分氧化 鋁(Ai2()3 )粉末内;接下來,藉由濕式粉碎將混合粉末生 成泥漿,再透過喷霧乾燥法(s p r a y d r y i n g m e t h 〇 d )乾 燥泥漿,以生成原料粉末;原料粉末受到壓力成形後,,再 用1 3 0 0〜1 6 5 0 °C高溫電氣爐進行燒成;如此一來,便可獲 得以氧化鋁為基礎的陶瓷燒結體試料(試料編號1〜8 );
試料編號4〜7陶瓷乃屬最佳實施例,試料編號1〜3及8陶 瓷則為比較例;如後附之表1則表示各試料之相關組成、 燒成溫度、物理特性、體積内在電阻、結晶相、累積反射 率及正反射率。 如後附之表1所示,各成分的重量比是用氧化物所換 算而成;A1 、Ti 、Fe、Mn 則各換算成Ai2()3、Ti〇2、Fe203、 ΜπΟ ; Si、Ca、Mg則各換算成Si。2、CaO、MgO ;試料編號1 表示含最高比例的主成分〜氧化鋁陶瓷;試料編號1〜3陶 竟則未含Mn〇。 在表1中的比重方面,則備有約3 0 m m角、厚度2 0 ni m試 料,並藉由阿基米德(a r c h i m e d e s ’)法進行測量;所準備 的1 0 0 m m x 2 0 m m x 2 m n】試料,是依據J I S (日本工業規格)
R 1 6 0 2所定之諧振法以測量出楊氏模量;比剛性是以比重 除算出揚氏模量。 為了得以用於大型精密夾頭與支撐座上,陶瓷最好能 擁有65 GPa · cm3 /g以上的比剛性;試料編號1的高純度氧
第8頁 200413270 五、發明說明(5) 化I呂陶竞,擁有9 4 . 9 G P a · cm 3 / g比剛性;另一方面,試 料編號8陶瓷則擁有59, 5 GPa · cf"3 /g比剛性,但未達試料 編號1之比剛性的7 0 % ;由於陶瓷需含8 0 %重量以上的氧 化鋁,因此試料編號8陶瓷的比剛性較為不恰當。 1 0 0 in m角、厚度2 0 m η]試料,是藉由上下面粒度1 4 0號的 鑽石砂輪,研磨到厚度變成6 m m為止;並在該試料兩端塗 佈電極,再用絕緣電阻計以測量電阻值R ;體積内在電阻R 是依照以下公式所求出。 R - R X S / t S表示電阻計的電極面積,t表示試料厚度。 、 只要精密夾頭專用陶瓷,擁有1 X丨(H 1 Ω · c m以下的體 積内在電阻,便可確實防止因靜電分極而損及到F P [)用基 板;試料編號4〜8陶瓷,則符合低體積内在電阻;參照試 料編號1〜3後可得知,並未在不含Μ η的陶瓷上發現到導電 性;試料編號3陶瓷,雖含1 %重量的T i與0 . 1 %重量的 F e ,但不具半導電性;試料編號4陶瓷,則含有0 . 7 %重量 的Μ η ;換言之,為了發現具導電性,陶瓷最好含有().5 % 重量以上的Μ η ;試料編號4〜8陶究,除了 Μ η之外,還含有 0 · 5 %重量以上的Τ 1與0 . 5 %重量以上的F e :而且試料編號 4〜8陶瓷,也含有合計6〜9 %重量的Si()2 、CaO、MgO。參 照第一圖的統計圖表後可得知,當Ti()2、Fe2()3、MnO合計重 量比越大,越能降低體積内在電阻:參照試料編號2〜3後 可得知,陶瓷僅有合計未滿2 %重量的Tiu2,F(、2n3,MnO,
第9頁 200413270 五、發明說明(6) 未發現出導電性;換言之,因發現氧化鋁陶瓷具有導電 性,因此最好含有合計2 %重量以上的T i()2、Fe2〇3、MnO。 各試料碎片是用研蛛予以粉碎,再藉由X光繞射裝置 執行結晶分析;表1中所記載的結晶量,是基於X光繞射強 度所判定。第二、三、四圖各表示試料編號5、6、7陶莞 的X光繞射圖樣;試料編號4〜8陶瓷主要是由氧化鋁 U{203 ) 、Μη — A 1 尖晶石(MnO — AJj )、富矽高嶺土 (CaO _ 有微量 F e所構 會固溶 成的非 當 足型晶 氧氣過 成出3 d 學計量 不足型 非4匕學 且可發 Ί式 些碎片 X-ray Μη 、T i A^oS · 2S ι( 的T i或F e結 成的結晶; 於Μ η — A 1尖 化學計量化 氧氣處於缺 格缺陷;氧 剩型或金屬 遷移的金屬 ;3 d遷移金 晶格缺陷與 計量化合物 現到許多晶 料編號5及7 是用電子探 Micro Anal 各元素;第 3 2 )結晶所構成;試料編號4〜6陶瓷則 晶;試料編號7〜8陶曼,並未含有T i或 換言之,已被判定出大部分的Ti與Fe, 晶石結晶;從結果中發現到,會因已生 合物中的晶格缺陷,而提昇導電效率。 少結晶晶格的狀態下,則稱之為氧氣不 氣過剩進入結晶晶格内的狀態,則稱為 不足型晶格缺陷;這兩種晶格缺陷可生 氧化物〜TiQ2 ; TiQ2擁有廣範圍的非化 屬的F e氧化物上,則可複合生成出氧氣 氧氣過剩型晶格缺陷;氧化物容易形成 的T i與F e,不會過度降低氧化鋁比率, 格缺陷。 碎片,是以鑽石砂粒進行拋光研磨;這 測微分析儀(E P M A,E 1 e c t r ο η P r 〇 b e y z e r ),分析出Mg、Ca、A1 、Fe、Si 、 五及六圖各表不試料編號5及7元素圖,
第10頁 200413270 五、發明說明(7) Μ η則呈不均一分布;Μ η的分布範圍,則表示Μ η — A 1尖晶石 結晶所生成的部位,而與Fe或Ti分布範圍重疊;Ca也呈不 均一分布;C a的分布範圍,則表示富矽高嶺土結晶所生成 的部位,Μ η、T i 、F e分布範圍幾乎處於鄰接狀態;根據推 測研判,各成分皆用冷卻過程進行分離,以生成出Μ η — A 1 尖晶石結晶與富矽高嶺土結晶;或者是在高溫燒成過程 中,於熔融玻璃界面上生成出Μ η — A 1尖晶石結晶;無論屬 於哪一種推測,生成的富矽高嶺土結晶會為Μ η、T 1 、F e重 疊分布帶來貢獻。 同樣用來測量體積内在電阻的1 0 0 m Hi角試料,是用來 測量光反射率;讓2 2 0〜8 0 0 n m波長光照射於試料表面,再 藉由檢測出擴散反射光求出累積反射率,再用0度檢測出 反射光’以求出正反射率;試料的表面粗度為0 . 6 // R a ; 碳酸鋇粉末的加壓成形體累積反射率則為1 0 0 % ;鏡面加 工鋁材的正反射率為1 0 0 % ;第七、八、九、十圖表示2 2 0 〜8 0 0 nm波長範圍,試料編號1 、5、6、7則表示累積反射 率;第十一、十二、十三、十四圖同樣表示這些正反射 率;累積反射率方面,在220〜350nm波長環境下為10. 3〜 15.0%;在4 0 0〜55〇11111波長環境下為11.9〜16.5%;在 6 0 0〜8 0 0 nm波長環境下則為1 3 . 8〜2 1 . 7 % ;正反射率方 面,在220〜350nm波長環境下為0.6〜0.9% ;在400〜 5 5 0 n m波長環境下為0 . 8〜1 . 0 % ;在6 0 0〜8 0 0 n m波長環境 下則為0 . 9〜1 . 7 %。 如後附之表2表示將試料編號1反射率設定為1 0 0 %時
第11頁 200413270 五、發明說明(8) 的試料編號5〜8反射率;表2的試料編號5〜8累積反射 率,約為試料編號1的1 8〜6 2 % ;此外,試料編號5〜8累 積反射率,約為試料編號1的2 8〜6 7 %。 同於試料編號6、7的粉末成形體,是用液化石油氣 〔L P G )爐取代電氣爐後所燒成的陶瓷;如後附之表3表示這 些陶瓷特性,這些皆擁有充分的高比剛性、低體積内在電 阻、低反射率。 近年來,隨著FPD用基板邁向大型化發展,也逐步提 昇了大型精密夾頭與支撐座的需求;其中則以π米’’為單位 而具備大型基板的精密夾頭最廣為人知;本發明陶瓷也可 在FPD製造裝置或半導體製造裝置上,適用該大型精密夾 頭與支撐座,而且這種陶瓷製造方法並不需要特別的環 境0
第12頁 200413270 圖式簡單說明 第一圖是指Μ η、T 1 、F e合計重量比函數,用以表示陶瓷體 積内在電阻的統計圖。 第二圖是指試料編號5的X光繞射圖樣。 第三圖是指試料編號6的X光繞射圖樣。 第四圖是指試料編號7的X光繞射圖樣。 第五圖是指Ε Ρ Μ A試料編號5元素圖。 第六圖是指ΕΡΜΑ試料編號7元素圖。 第七圖是指試料編號1累積反射率。 第八圖是指試料編號5累積反射率。 第九圖是指試料編號6累積反射率。
第十圖是指試料編號7累積反射率。 第十一圖是指試料編號1正反射率。 第十二圖是指試料編號5正反射率。 第十三圖是指試料編號6正反射率。 第十四圖是指試料編號7正反射率。
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II I I* 4 c〇 Lx b〇 ij> bi Ko -vi k) b) --si'vi-vi-'jcncDcn^ooro^ K)^M -^^l-^-vJODOO-^O MobobiKj^oobooGoo 1bm+1 各 3.9 370 94.9 16500 0.0 P4 99.01 0-0 0-0 0.0 0.0 00 0.4 0.1 00 1000 _ _21 8.0E+13 3.6 310 86.1 15000° PI 7·3 92· 1 0·0 PI 0.0 6.3 P7 P4 0.4 00 1000 2 鏵I I兮唞 |i|i _ _ 戶OE+13 3.5 295 85.01 14000° lro 7.3 ooooopoo-^ ^ 〇 «〇 .1^ Ko o rs〇rv〇_v_vr〇-^~^-^-^-^K3 ςΟ'νίωοοΟ'νίαι^-^αΐΜ b〇_^^biM^b〇<r><r>ocri 3.0E+10 3.6 290 81.7 soooo 200 7.2 89.6 1.1 10 P7 6·1 〇·7 〇.4 P4 0.0 100.0 ^-^οοοσοοο <3〇ώώώί〇ο〇·-νΐο〇 [\3 λ. X «λ. λ _·X «X «λ X 3 -^oo^vic^cncncnai-t^-^ho ^b-bibai〇)b^bb 1.0E+10 3.5 280 800 1409,c 厶_4 7.1 〇 00 000〇〇σ)-^Κ)」00 b 〇 '4^ ^ '-si ο CO <3 -^-^οοοοορορο ^οώώοοοοοοοο-νΐ·^^ -Jk—x—X—A.—X—k—X J^^-^COCOMM-^OOK) I蕹·# θ唞 _ ν$· _ _ ^〇m+〇9 3.4 235 69.1
1400OC 01.8 8.1 〇 00 ooooocn-^N)-^ οι ο〇Μ〇〇^σ)〇^σίϋΐ <χ>
CD 丑、令你 _ W_ -^-^ρρρρρρρρρ 010^^00000000 --4 0)1^ _«k λ. X «λ —X —X __乂 __χ _X —^ _χ -Nl<Jl0J00K3K)-^»^OO-^ b Κο b〇 ο ο ώ *- '4^ ό 2ΌΕ+08 3.4 230 600.7 13500' 7.9 0000 83_0 20 3_5 2.4 600 1·3 0.7 〇·2 〇.1 1 7 _ _丨1 |a|i -^ooooooooo ^ <ό ώ bo bo ^ '-vj ^ σ> cn —^ __A. —^ r〇I\)_^_j.〇CDCD00 00 00〇 bohooobob^boai^aibio 2bE+〇7 3.3 19CJ1 5901 12.3 10010 1300ΟΊ 00 79COI 27 0100 3.8 6.1 1CO 0.6 0.4 0.0 1〇0.〇 200413270 試料編號 5 6 7 8 與試料編號1的比較 累積反射率% 光波長 220m 56.3% 55.0% 30.0% 28.8% 250m 61.6% 60.2% 44.2% 42.2% 300m 39.2% 38.7% 28.2% 27.5% 350m 30.5% 30.7% 22.8% 22.7% 400m 27.4% 27.0% 20.9% 20.7% 450m 28.2% 25.2% 20.1% 19.4% 500m 30.1% 23.7% 19.5% 18.5% 550m 26.0% 23.0% 19.2% 18.2% 600m 27.2% 23.7% 19.6% 19.0% 700m 36.6% 25.5% 19.5% 20.5% 800m 41.3% 30.0% 20.6% 23.6% 正反射率 % 光波長 220m 56.3% 50.0% 43.8% 43.8% 250m 66.7% 61.9% 54.3% 53.9% 300m 46.8% 46.1% 40.3% 39.7% 350m 41.6% 40.9% 35.7% 35.3% 400m 36.5% 36.2% 32.2% 31.5% 450m 38.4% 34.3% 31.0% 30.2% 500m 38.7% 32.4% 29.8% 28.7% 550m 36.0% 31.4% 29.0% 27.9% 600m 35.1% 32.0% 29.1% 28.5% 700m 42.3% 34.3% 29.8% 30.4% 800m 53.4% 45.2% 38.5% 40.4% 表2 試料編號_ 6 7 燒成溫度 °C 1400°C 1350C 比重 比重 3.4 3.4 楊氏模量 楊氏模量GPa 232 225 比剛性 楊氏模量/比重 68.2 67.2 體積內在電阻 Ω · cm 3.0E+09 1.0Ε+08 結晶相 氧化鋁(ai2o3) 多量 多量 富矽高嶺土結晶(CaO . AI2〇3 · 2S〇2) 少量 少量 Μη- Al尖晶石(MnO ·八丨2〇3) 中少量 中量 鈦鐵礦(Fe〇.Ti〇2) 微景 甲基(Ti02) 累積反射率 % 光波長 220nT — Τζο 12 0 250m 10.7 10 3 300m 10.7 10.4 350m 11.1 11.1 400m 12.1 11.9 450m 12.4 12.0 500m 13.1 12.4 550m 13.7 13.0 600m 14.1 13.8 700m 14.5 15.2 800m 14.9 17.0 正反射率 % 光波長 220m 0.7 0.6 250m 0.7 0.6 300m 0.7 0.7 350m 0.8 0.8 400m 0.8 0.8 450m 0.8 0.8 500m 0.8 0.8 550m 0.9 0.9 600m 0.9 0.9 700m 1.0 1.0 800m 1.4 1.5

Claims (1)

  1. 200413270 六、申請專利範圍 1 、一種陶瓷,係利用含8 0 %重量以上的Μ η、T i 、F e、 5 i 、C a、M g之氧化鋁(A 1 2 03 )燒成,以生成出Μ η — A 1 尖晶石結晶(ΜηΟ·Α12〇3)與富石夕尚領土結晶(CaO · A 12〇3 · 2S 1 02 ),而擁有1 X 1 Ο11 Ω · cm以下的體積内在 電阻者。 2 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶曼,其Μ η、T i 、F e的 氧化物合計超過2〜11%重量以上者。 3 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶究,其Μη的氧化物 (ΜηΟ )含0· 5 %重量以上者。 4 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶瓷,其Τ 1的氧化物
    (Ti02 )含0· 5 %重量以上,Fe的氧化物(Fe 2 03 )含· 0.5%重量以上者。 5 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶瓷,其擁有 6 5 G P a · c m3 / g以上之比剛性者。 6 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶瓷,其中,該陶瓷在 已研磨的表面上照射光源時,累積反射率在2 2 0〜 350nm波長環境下為10. 3〜15.0 %,在4 00〜550nm波 長環境下1 1 . 9〜1 6 . 5 %,在6 0 0〜8 0 0 n m波長環境下則 為 1 3. 8 〜21 . 7 % 者。 7 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶究,其中,該陶究在
    擁有0 . 6 // R a表面粗度的表面上照射光源時,0度的正 反射率在2 2 0〜3 5 0 nm波長環境下為0. 6〜0. 9 %,在 400〜550nm波長環境下為0.8〜1.0%,在600〜800η πι 波長環境下則為0 . 9〜1 . 7 %者。
    第14頁 200413270 六、申請專利範圍 8 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶瓷,其S i 、C a、M g的 氧化物合計超過6〜9%重量以上者。 9 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陶瓷,其S i的氧化物 (Si〇2 )含4 %重量以上,Ca的氧化物(CaO )含 〇 · 4 %重量以上,Mg的氧化物(MgO )含0· 4 %重量以 上者。_
    1 0、一種陶竟製造方法,係藉由將含二氧化I孟(Μ η 02 )、 氧化鈦(T i 02 )、氧化鐵(F e 2 03 )、娃石或黏土、白 雲石(Dolomite)、方解石(Calcite)、菱錢礦 (Magnec i t e )主成分的氧化鋁(A 1 2 03 )混合粉末做 出成形體,再以1 3 0 0〜1 4 5 0 °C高溫的液化石油氣爐或 電氣爐燒成出成形體,以生成Μ η — A 1尖晶石結晶與富 矽高嶺土結晶(Ca〇· Al2〇3 · 2Si02 )者。
    第15頁
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