RU2359447C2 - Method of under glass growing of seedling suitable for mechanised planting in open soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in preparing soil in hotbed, in sowing seeds, in covering them with soil for forming stable soil-rooted structure in near-root volume of soil, in periodic watering of growing seedling, in fertilising, in weeding and in cutting side roots before extraction of grown seedling. When preparing soil of a hotbed, grooves for seeds with wedge-shaped cross section are formed with parallel horizontal advance movements of a ribbed drum on surface of soil; depth h of grooves is 2.0-3.5 cm and angle between side inclined surfaces of the groove does not exceed 2 angles of friction of soil against rubber. Also covering of seeds with layer of soil is performed in two stages. The first stage is combined with sowing of seeds into grooves; seed layer of soil is covered at depth equal to 0.5-1.0 cm. The second stage is carried out in a stepped manner by means of periodic watering beyond seeds sowed in grooves in the zone of the root layer by means of self-falling of the seedling layer of under glass soil on surface of the latter in the seed grooves. During last but one pre-sowing preparation of soil and after seeds covering there is performed treatment of seed layer of under glass soil with a burner. The method facilitates mechanisation of seedling under glass growth and also facilitates shortening period of growth of seedlings suitable for mechanised planting.

EFFECT: facilitating mechanisation of seedling under glass growth and also shortening period of growth of seedlings suitable for mechanised planting.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing machine-grown seedlings in closed ground for cultivation of vegetable crops in open ground.

There is a known method of growing seedlings (Lebedinsky I.V. Elements of industrial technology for growing seedlings of the main vegetable crops in the forest-steppe of the Ukrainian SSR. Abstract of the dissertation of the candidate agricultural worker L. - Pushkin, 1988, 17 pp.), Including soil preparation in closed ground, sowing seeds, pruning and sampling seedlings.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the process of sampling and transplanting such seedlings, most of its root system breaks off, which reduces the survival rate of young plants, and hence the yield.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method for growing in closed ground machine-suitable seedlings for open ground is known from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2145473, class. ⁷ A01G 1/00, 1997, a method of growing machine-suitable seedlings for open ground in closed ground, including preparing the soil in closed ground, sowing seeds, covering them with soil, and forming a stable soil-root structure in the root soil volume of the closed ground by changing geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil, work on the care of cultivated seedlings in the form of periodic irrigation, top dressing, weeding and the formation of additional lateral roots by undercutting and a sample of the grown race s.

The disadvantages of this method are insufficiently friendly seed germination due to the filling of grooves with sown seeds with soil of different density and lumpiness depending on the soil structure and its moisture content, as well as insufficient seedlings in height at the time of harvesting and uneven distribution of seedlings along grooves.

The aim of the invention is the mechanization of growing processes in closed ground machine-suitable seedlings, reducing the time of germination of seeds, reducing the time for growing machine-suitable seedlings while increasing the percentage yield of seedlings that meet the requirements of the standard.

These tasks are achieved by the fact that in the method of growing machine-grown seedlings for open ground in closed ground, including preparing the soil in closed ground, sowing seeds, covering them with soil with the formation of a stable soil-root structure in the root volume of closed ground soil by changing the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of soil, work on the care of cultivated seedlings in the form of its periodic irrigation, top dressing, weeding and trimming of the side roots, before sampling the grown seedlings, when preparing the soil of the closed ground on its surface, parallel horizontal translational movements of the ribbed drum form seed grooves with a wedge-shaped cross section, the depth h of which is 2.0-3.5 cm, and an angle between the side inclined surfaces of the grooves, not exceeding 2 angles of friction of the soil of covered soil on rubber, while closing seeds sown in seed grooves with a layer of soil is carried out in two stages, the first of which is combined with sowing seeds in seed grooves and carried out at by filling the seed layer B of the soil of the closed soil to a depth equal to 0.5-1.0 cm, and the second stage is carried out stepwise, with each step of the second stage of closing the seeds sown in the seed grooves being combined with each periodic watering of the care for those planted in the grooves seeds and carry out stimulating the development of additional lateral roots at seedling seedlings in the zone of the root C layer by self-shedding of the sprout A layer of soil from the closed ground to the surface of the latter in the seed grooves.

In addition, in the method of growing machine-grown seedlings for open ground in covered ground under pre-sowing preparation of the soil and after sprinkling seeds sown in seed grooves with seed layer B of closed soil soil, tillage seedlings emerge, the soil is treated with a fire cultivator.

The technical effect of using the claimed method is to ensure maximum viability of seedlings seedlings, evenness of the latter in height at the time of its harvesting, uniform distribution of seedlings along the grooves and increasing the number of seedlings that meet the standard in the total number of seedlings grown.

The invention consists in the following.

The cultivation of machine-suitable seedlings for open ground in closed ground is carried out according to traditional soil technology, including the formation of parallel grooves on the surface of the last horizontal translational movements of the ribbed drum to place seedlings in them when sowing. The grooves for seedling seedlings during sowing have a wedge-shaped cross section, the depth h of which is 2.0-3.5 cm, and the angle between the lateral inclined surfaces of the grooves, not exceeding 2 angles of friction of the soil of the closed ground with rubber. Sowing seeds in the grooves is combined with the first stage of the two-stage closure of the seeds sown in the grooves with a layer of soil. The first stage of closing the seeds sown in the grooves of the seeds is carried out by sprinkling the seed C layer of soil of the closed soil to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, and the second stage of closing the seeds sown in the grooves of the seeds is carried out in steps. Each stage of the second stage of closing seeds sown in seed grooves is combined with each periodic watering to care for seeds planted in grooves and they stimulate the development of additional lateral roots at seedling seedlings in the zone of the root C layer by self-shedding of the germinated A layer of soil from the closed ground to the surface of the latter in the seed grooves. In the process of caring for sowing seedlings, periodic top dressing, weeding, trimming of its root systems and sampling of grown seedlings are carried out.

The proposed method of growing machine-grown seedlings for open pounds in closed ground is illustrated by the technological diagram shown in the drawing, showing the sequence and nature of the operations included in it.

The essence of the method of growing machine-grown seedlings for open ground in covered ground is shown in the schematic diagram of the implementation of the above method, which shows the sequence of its main technological operations, where step 1 is the formation of seed tapered grooves and sowing seeds in the seed B soil layer; operation 2 - the first stage of closing located in the seed wedge-shaped grooves of the seeds with the germ layer A of the soil; operations 3, 4, and 5 are the steps of the second stage of closing the seeds located in the wedge-shaped grooves of the seeds by self-shedding of the germinal layer A of the soil, stimulating the development of additional lateral roots at the seedlings in the root layer C of the soil, and operation 6 is the stage of the beginning of the release of the present first seedlings of seeds seed germination phase.

Examples of the proposed method.

Example 1. Growing tomato seedlings for open ground.

Prior to sowing, hot air is supplied to the cavity of the greenhouse to warm the soil. After the soil reaches a temperature of at least 20 ° C, pre-sowing preparation of its upper plant layer is carried out to the depth of processing. Pre-sowing preparation of its upper plant layer includes milling, lay-out with beds not exceeding 1.2 m wide. Then, parallel horizontal translational movements with a rubber ribbed drum form seed grooves with a wedge-shaped cross section of 2.0 cm depth, the angle of inclination of the walls of the seed grooves equal to two angles of soil friction on rubber. Then tomato seeds are sown in seed grooves and the first stage of closing seeds sown in seed grooves is carried out with a soil layer up to 0.5 cm thick and pre-emergence irrigation is carried out, combining them, like subsequent post-emergence irrigation, they are combined with the steps of the second stage of seed closing, stimulating the development of additional lateral roots at seedling seedlings in the area of the sprout layer by self-scattering of soil from the covered ground to the surface of the latter in the seed grooves. Moreover, if necessary, when pre-sowing the soil and after sowing the seeds before emergence, the soil is cultivated with a fire cultivator for disinfection, acceleration and friendliness of emergence of seedlings. In addition, after the emergence of seedlings when caring for seedlings, it is fed. Once the seedlings have reached sizes that meet the standards of its machine suitability for planting in open ground, they are trimmed and sampled for planting in open ground.

Example 2. Growing seedlings of cabbage for open ground.

Prior to sowing, hot air is supplied to the cavity of the greenhouse to warm the soil. After the soil reaches a temperature of at least 20 ° C, pre-sowing preparation of its upper plant layer is carried out to the depth of processing. Pre-sowing preparation of its upper plant layer includes milling, lay-out with beds not exceeding 1.2 m wide. Then, parallel horizontal translational movements with a rubber ribbed drum form seed grooves with a wedge-shaped cross section 3.5 cm deep and an angle of inclination of the walls of the seed grooves. equal to two angles of soil friction on rubber. After that, seeds of white cabbage are sown in seed grooves and the first stage of closing seeds sown in seed grooves is carried out with a soil layer up to 1 cm thick and pre-emergence irrigation is carried out, combining them, like subsequent post-emergence irrigation, they are combined with the steps of the second stage of seed closing, stimulating development additional lateral roots at seedling seedlings in the zone of the sprout layer by self-shedding of soil from the closed ground to the surface of the latter in the seed grooves. Moreover, if necessary, when pre-sowing the soil and after sowing the seeds before emergence, the soil is treated with a fire cultivator for disinfection, acceleration and friendliness of the emergence of seedlings. In addition, after the emergence of seedlings when caring for seedlings, it is fed. Once the seedlings have reached the sizes that meet the standards necessary for its machine suitability for planting in open ground, they are trimmed and sampled for planting in open ground.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing machine-grown seedlings for open ground in closed ground, including preparing the soil in closed ground, sowing seeds, covering them with soil to form a stable soil-root structure in the root volume of the soil by changing the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil, periodic irrigation of cultivated seedlings, top dressing, weeding and trimming of lateral roots before sampling grown seedlings, characterized in that when preparing the soil for covered ground on its surface surface by parallel horizontal translational movements of the ridge drum form seed grooves with a wedge-shaped cross section, the depth of which is 2.0-3.5 cm and an angle between the lateral inclined surfaces of the grooves not exceeding 2 angles of friction of the soil through rubber, while closing the seeds, sown in seed grooves, the soil layer is carried out in two stages, the first of which is combined with sowing seeds in the seed grooves and carried out by sprinkling the seed soil layer to a depth equal to 0.5-1.0 cm, and the second stage is carried out tupenchato, wherein each stage of the second stage seed closing is effected by periodic watering of the seeds embedded in the grooves for stimulating the development of additional lateral roots of seedlings in the seedling root zone layer samoosypaniyami sprout layer greenhouse soil on the surface of the latter in the seed furrows. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during pre-sowing preparation of the soil and after sprinkling of seeds, the seed layer of the closed soil is treated with a fire cultivator.