RU2330401C2 - Method of container cultivating process of cabbage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of container cultivating process of cabbage is characterised by that seedlings rising in the containers with the cells are heavily poured during 20 days before planting out. Then, within 6-7 days limited watering is applied. Watering is stopped 2-3 days before planting out. Before planting out the leaves of the seedlings are sprayed, at the same time the soil is not watered. During and after planting out watering is not carried out.

EFFECT: increase of survival rate, decrease of labor intensity and simplification of planting process.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for growing cabbage (both early and intended for fresh consumption, processing and long-term storage).

The known technology of growing cabbage in the seedling method (Technology of cultivation of white cabbage. - M .: Center for agro-engineering solutions of LBR groups, p.31-35). This allows you to cultivate plants with a long growing season, to receive products at an earlier date, to successfully control weeds, pests and diseases.

The disadvantages of this technology include the fact that for growing seedlings, in addition to building greenhouses, the capital costs of planting and irrigation are necessary. In addition, unhardened, non-rooting, potted seedlings suffer from frosts of 2-3 ° C.

The known technology of a non-seedling method of growing cabbage (A non-seedling method of growing cabbage / Super-profitable vegetables. - M .: Center for agro-engineering solutions of LBR groups, 2005. - P.43-46). In late April - early May, the sowing of cabbage seeds is carried out directly into the soil (usually pneumatic precision seeders).

The disadvantage of this method of growing cabbage is the lack of guaranteed seedlings, increased labor costs for thinning, weed control and especially in the early stage of the fight against cruciferous flea; crop formation a month later seedlings.

Closest to the proposed invention in terms of technological essence and the achieved result is the irrigation cassette technology for growing cabbage (Cassette technology for growing cabbage. / Super-profitable vegetables. - M.: Center for Agro-Engineering Solutions of LBR Groups, 2005. - P.47-50). Watering cluster technology for growing cabbage consists in sowing seeds for seedlings in plastic cassettes, for example, 40 × 40 in size, with 64 cells for seedlings of early cabbage and 14 cells for late cabbage. The cassettes are filled with peat mix, sowing is carried out by single-grain sowing to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. Then, the cassettes are placed in heated greenhouses on wooden blocks located on the ground of greenhouses. During the growing period of seedlings, the optimal microclimate regime is maintained, watering and top dressing are carried out.

9-12 days before planting in the soil, the seedlings are quenched by lowering t, and 2-3 days after heavy watering.

When transplanting seedlings, water is required to be irrigated (for manual planting, watering the wells with water at the rate of 0.5 l / plant; with a mechanized method, using transplanters with a water supply pipe: irrigation rate of 150-200 cubic m / ha or moisture recharge). After planting, watering is not carried out for 2-3 weeks to root seedlings. Subsequently, watering should be regular. On early cabbage 2-3 irrigation before harvesting; late ripening - 2-4 times. Irrigation rate - 200-250 cubic meters / ha.

Watering cassette technology for growing cabbage provides: seed saving; uniformity in the growth and development of seedlings; the absence of injuries of the root system during planting; disease resistance; less responsiveness to adverse weather conditions; the possibility of obtaining earlier products due to the fact that plants do not spend energy on restoration of the root system.

The disadvantage of this method of growing cabbage is that its application uses the generally accepted technology for preparing for planting and planting seedlings: 8-12 days before planting in the soil, the seedlings are quenched, for 2-3 days - plentiful watering; Mandatory watering during planting, which requires an increase in the complexity of production, while 100% plant survival and high productivity are not guaranteed.

The aim of our proposed method is to increase the economic benefits due to the method 10 days before, during and after planting on sod-podzolic soils of the middle zone and to ensure a higher degree of plant survival and their powerful growth, simplification of the process, reducing the complexity of production. Increasing the economic benefits, reducing the complexity and simplifying the planting process is achieved by the fact that before planting for 20 days, abundant watering of seedlings is carried out with water, then 6-7 days - reduced watering; 2-3 - cessation of watering; before planting - weak watering: spraying the leaves of seedlings with water; when planting and after watering is not carried out.

This goal is achieved by the fact that seedlings grown in cassettes with cells, for example with 64 cells (for early cabbage) and 144 cells (for late cabbage varieties), are planted with plenty of water for 20 days before planting. The plant enjoys, “fattenes” from moisture. Then, within 6-7 days, we reduce watering, thereby creating more stringent conditions for seedlings - we starve it, cause it to be stressed. Then, for 2-3 days before planting, we do not water the seedlings at all: the seedlings “fight” for survival. Before the immediate planting itself, a weak watering of the seedlings is carried out, so that by spraying the leaves of the seedlings with water, the earth in cassettes with the root system of seedlings of cabbage is not wetted. During planting and after it is not irrigated.

Seedlings prepared in such a way for planting, after planting, begin to “enjoy” life: they become more competitive, “active”: they “greedily” absorb the moisture of spring soil; the survival rate is almost 100%. When dry weather occurs, the roots of the plants begin to look for moisture in the soil, as if stretching their "tentacles" in space and thereby developing a powerful root system. Thus, the plant grows strong, healthy, high-yielding.

Table 1 Survival of plants with irrigation cassette technology for growing cabbage Variety of cabbage Disembarkation Watering cultivation 2004 year 2005 year Early
Parel 50,000 pcs / ha 43000 pcs / ha 44500 pcs / ha Thomas 40,000 pcs / ha 36000 pcs / ha 37000 pcs / ha Later
Krautman 30000 pcs / ha 28000 pcs / ha 28000 pcs / ha Lennox 30000 pcs / ha 27300 pcs / ha 27800 pcs / ha table 2 Plant survival with cassette technology for growing cabbage Variety of cabbage Disembarkation Growing without watering 2004 year 2005 year Early
Parel 50,000 pcs / ha 48000 pcs / ha 49500 pcs / ha Thomas 40,000 pcs / ha 39000 pcs / ha 39300 pcs / ha Later
Krautman 30000 pcs / ha 28700 pcs / ha 29700 pcs / ha Lennox 30000 pcs / ha 29300 pcs / ha 29800 pcs / ha

Claims (1)

The method of cassette technology for growing cabbage, characterized in that the seedlings of cabbage grown in cassettes with cells, before planting contain in the mode: 20 days - plentiful watering; then 6-7 days - reduced watering; 2-3 days - cessation of watering; before planting - spraying the leaves of seedlings without moistening the soil; when planting and after watering is not carried out.