NO943656L - Ildfaste, beskyttende belegg, spesielt for elektrolysecellekomponenter - Google Patents

Ildfaste, beskyttende belegg, spesielt for elektrolysecellekomponenter

Info

Publication number
NO943656L
NO943656L NO943656A NO943656A NO943656L NO 943656 L NO943656 L NO 943656L NO 943656 A NO943656 A NO 943656A NO 943656 A NO943656 A NO 943656A NO 943656 L NO943656 L NO 943656L
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
refractory
protective coating
coatings
cell
protective
Prior art date
Application number
NO943656A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
NO943656D0 (no
Inventor
Jainagesh A Sekhar
Vittorio De Nora
Original Assignee
Moltech Invent Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25336017&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=NO943656(L) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Moltech Invent Sa filed Critical Moltech Invent Sa
Publication of NO943656L publication Critical patent/NO943656L/no
Publication of NO943656D0 publication Critical patent/NO943656D0/no

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B41/5062—Borides, Nitrides or Silicides
    • C04B41/507—Borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B41/5062—Borides, Nitrides or Silicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/87—Ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
    • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12674—Ge- or Si-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12812—Diverse refractory group metal-base components: alternative to or next to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12819—Group VB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Et vedhengende beskyttende belegg (9) av et ildfast materiale produseres på overflaten av karbonholdige, ildfaste, keramiske, metalliske eller andre materialer som tjener som komponenter for elektrolyseceller som arbeider ved høy temperatur, ved på slike overflater å påføre et velvalgt mikropyretisk reaksjonslag fra en oppslemming, hvilket når det er tørret, antennes for å igangsette en selvunderholdende mikropyretisk reaksjon, langs en forbrenningsfront, for produksjon av kondensert materiale som danner et slikt ildfast beskyttende vedhengende belegg. Oppslemmingen blir fortrinnsvis påført i flere lag, det eller de første lag for å lette vedhengning og det eller de siste lag for å gi beskyttelse, og kan inneholde en del på forhånd dannede ikke-reaktantmaterialer. Elektrolysecellene hvis komponenter krever slike belegg, er spesielt slike som arbeider ved høy temperatur med en smeltet saltelektrolytt, spesielt slike for produksjon av metaller, idet aluminium er det viktigste. For disse celler tilveiebringes ved oppfinnelsen et med aluminium fuktbart, vedhengende, ildfast, beskyttende belegg (11) for cellebunnkarbonkatoden (4), inneholdende RHM-materiale, så som titandiborid, så vel som andre ildfaste beskyttende belegg for celleveggforing (2) og for andre cellekomponenter. Nye cellekonstruksjoner for utnyttelse av de forskjellige belegg tilveiebringes også.
NO943656A 1992-04-01 1994-09-30 Ildfaste, beskyttende belegg, spesielt for elektrolysecellekomponenter NO943656D0 (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/861,513 US5310476A (en) 1992-04-01 1992-04-01 Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components
PCT/EP1993/000811 WO1993020027A1 (en) 1992-04-01 1993-04-01 Refractory protective coatings, particularly for electrolytic cell components

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO943656L true NO943656L (no) 1994-09-30
NO943656D0 NO943656D0 (no) 1994-09-30

Family

ID=25336017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO943656A NO943656D0 (no) 1992-04-01 1994-09-30 Ildfaste, beskyttende belegg, spesielt for elektrolysecellekomponenter

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (4) US5310476A (no)
EP (1) EP0633871B1 (no)
AU (1) AU672396B2 (no)
CA (1) CA2131287C (no)
DE (1) DE69319721T2 (no)
NO (1) NO943656D0 (no)
WO (1) WO1993020027A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HUT70901A (en) * 1992-01-16 1995-11-28 Univ Cincinnati Electrical heating element, related composites, and composition and method for producing such products using dieless micropyretic synthesis
US5651874A (en) 1993-05-28 1997-07-29 Moltech Invent S.A. Method for production of aluminum utilizing protected carbon-containing components
WO1993020026A1 (en) * 1992-04-01 1993-10-14 Moltech Invent Sa Prevention of oxidation of carbonaceous and other materials at high temperatures
US6001236A (en) 1992-04-01 1999-12-14 Moltech Invent S.A. Application of refractory borides to protect carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells
US5534119A (en) * 1992-06-12 1996-07-09 Sekhar; Jainagesh A. Method of reducing erosion of carbon-containing components of aluminum production cells
US5413689A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-05-09 Moltech Invent S.A. Carbon containing body or mass useful as cell component
FR2700773B1 (fr) * 1993-01-28 1995-03-03 Pechiney Recherche Revêtements de protection des matériaux contre les réactions avec l'atmosphère à haute température.
US5449886A (en) * 1993-03-09 1995-09-12 University Of Cincinnati Electric heating element assembly
US5590383A (en) * 1993-03-12 1996-12-31 Micropyretics Heaters International, Inc. Porous membranes and methods for making
CA2160468C (en) * 1993-04-19 2001-10-02 Jainagesh A. Sekhar Treated carbon or carbon-based cathodic components of aluminium production cells
PL311202A1 (en) * 1993-04-19 1996-02-05 Moltech Invent Sa Method of conditioning components of chambers used in aluminium production processes
US5720860A (en) * 1993-04-19 1998-02-24 Moltech Invent S. A. Micropyretically-produced components of aluminum production cells
US5486278A (en) * 1993-06-02 1996-01-23 Moltech Invent S.A. Treating prebaked carbon components for aluminum production, the treated components thereof, and the components use in an electrolytic cell
US5679224A (en) * 1993-11-23 1997-10-21 Moltech Invent S.A. Treated carbon or carbon-based cathodic components of aluminum production cells
AU2464595A (en) * 1994-05-13 1995-12-05 Micropyretics Heaters International Sinter-homogenized heating products
US5534130A (en) * 1994-06-07 1996-07-09 Moltech Invent S.A. Application of phosphates of aluminum to carbonaceous components of aluminum production cells
EP1146146B1 (en) 1994-09-08 2003-10-29 MOLTECH Invent S.A. Horizontal drained cathode surface with recessed grooves for aluminium electrowinning
US5472578A (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-12-05 Moltech Invent S.A. Aluminium production cell and assembly
US5510008A (en) * 1994-10-21 1996-04-23 Sekhar; Jainagesh A. Stable anodes for aluminium production cells
US5492604A (en) * 1994-12-28 1996-02-20 Aluminum Company Of America Coating composition for carbon electrodes
US5560809A (en) * 1995-05-26 1996-10-01 Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation Improved lining for aluminum production furnace
US5753163A (en) 1995-08-28 1998-05-19 Moltech. Invent S.A. Production of bodies of refractory borides
US5670259A (en) * 1995-12-29 1997-09-23 Heat System Research & Industry, Inc. Water soluble pyrolytic paint
US5753382A (en) * 1996-01-10 1998-05-19 Moltech Invent S.A. Carbon bodies resistant to deterioration by oxidizing gases
DE19616217C2 (de) * 1996-04-23 2000-01-05 Man Technologie Gmbh Schutzbeschichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Werkstücks
ES2258789T3 (es) * 1996-10-18 2006-09-01 Moltech Invent S.A. Puesta en marcha de celdas para la fabricacion electrolitica de aluminio.
US5792417A (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-08-11 Cuigne International Ltd Method of manufacturing aluminoborate glass-ceramic composite
DE19714432C2 (de) * 1997-04-08 2000-07-13 Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co Trägerkörper mit einer Schutzbeschichtung und Verwendung des beschichteten Trägerkörpers
US6214078B1 (en) 1997-11-25 2001-04-10 Ferro Corporation High temperature ceramic filter
US5942097A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-08-24 The Ohio State University Method and apparatus featuring a non-consumable anode for the electrowinning of aluminum
IL122476A0 (en) * 1997-12-07 1998-06-15 Amt Ltd Electrical heating elements and method for producing same
WO1999040239A1 (en) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. Materials for use in electrochemical smelting of metals from ore
US6326685B1 (en) * 1998-05-04 2001-12-04 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Low thermal expansion composite comprising bodies of negative CTE material disposed within a positive CTE matrix
US6083362A (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-07-04 University Of Chicago Dimensionally stable anode for electrolysis, method for maintaining dimensions of anode during electrolysis
CA2350814C (en) * 1998-11-17 2006-01-10 Alcan International Limited Wettable and erosion/oxidation-resistant carbon-composite materials
DE60001741T2 (de) * 1999-04-16 2003-11-13 Moltech Invent S.A., Luxemburg/Luxembourg Schutzbeschichtung für komponenten, die durch erosion während des frischens von geschmolzenen metallen angegriffen werden
ES2285339T3 (es) * 1999-12-09 2007-11-16 Moltech Invent S.A. Material refractario para su utilizacion a altas temperaturas.
US7361412B2 (en) * 2000-05-02 2008-04-22 Johns Hopkins University Nanostructured soldered or brazed joints made with reactive multilayer foils
US6991856B2 (en) 2000-05-02 2006-01-31 Johns Hopkins University Methods of making and using freestanding reactive multilayer foils
US20050082343A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2005-04-21 Jiaping Wang Method of joining using reactive multilayer foils with enhanced control of molten joining materials
US6736942B2 (en) * 2000-05-02 2004-05-18 Johns Hopkins University Freestanding reactive multilayer foils
GB0027930D0 (en) * 2000-11-15 2001-01-03 Univ Cambridge Tech Intermetallic compounds
US20020113069A1 (en) 2000-12-27 2002-08-22 Forrest Randy G. Can end for a container
US6534196B2 (en) 2001-02-26 2003-03-18 Cincinnati Thermal Spray Refractory metal coated articles for use in molten metal environments
NZ527306A (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-03-31 Moltech Invent S Aluminium-wettable porous ceramic material
DE60200885T2 (de) * 2001-03-07 2005-08-04 Moltech Invent S.A. Zelle zur elektrogewinnung von aluminium operierend mit auf metall basierenden anoden
US6884496B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2005-04-26 Widia Gmbh Method for increasing compression stress or reducing internal tension stress of a CVD, PCVD or PVD layer and cutting insert for machining
EP1395529B1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2004-12-08 MOLTECH Invent S.A. Carbon tiles with refractory coating for use at elevated temperature
JP2002371383A (ja) * 2001-06-18 2002-12-26 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 耐熱性被覆部材
US6537438B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2003-03-25 Alcoa Inc. Method for protecting electrodes during electrolysis cell start-up
US20030052009A1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-20 Case Leo L. Method and apparatus for the bulk coating of components
CA2464340A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-24 Aluminium Pechiney Precurseur de revetement et procede pour revetir un substrat d'une couche refractaire
FR2830857B1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2004-07-30 Pechiney Aluminium Precurseur de revetement et procede pour revetir un substrat d'une couche refractaire
FR2830856B1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2004-07-30 Pechiney Aluminium Precurseur de revetement et procede pour revetir un substrat d'une couche refractaire
US6719889B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2004-04-13 Northwest Aluminum Technologies Cathode for aluminum producing electrolytic cell
US6719890B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2004-04-13 Northwest Aluminum Technologies Cathode for a hall-heroult type electrolytic cell for producing aluminum
US6648060B1 (en) 2002-05-15 2003-11-18 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
WO2004025751A2 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Moltech Invent S.A. Non-carbon anodes for aluminium electrowinning and other oxidation resistant components with iron oxide-containing coatings
US8277274B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2012-10-02 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US7462271B2 (en) * 2003-11-26 2008-12-09 Alcan International Limited Stabilizers for titanium diboride-containing cathode structures
JP4814219B2 (ja) * 2004-04-20 2011-11-16 コウラー，グイド 流体の殺菌装置および殺菌のための方法
WO2009002852A2 (en) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-31 Reactive Nanotechnologies, Inc. Reactive multilayer joining to control thermal stress
CN101368282B (zh) * 2007-08-14 2012-07-11 北京有色金属研究总院 下阴极稀土金属电解槽及采用该电解槽的电解工艺
KR100876608B1 (ko) * 2007-08-20 2008-12-31 한국생명공학연구원 회전거울을 이용한 표면 플라즈몬 공명 센서
US20090236233A1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-09-24 Alcoa Inc. Aluminum electrolysis cell electrolyte containment systems and apparatus and methods relating to the same
CN101981648B (zh) * 2008-04-28 2014-07-09 现代照明技术有限公司 使用难熔防粘剂防护金属箔和引线的设备和方法
CN102066613A (zh) 2008-05-19 2011-05-18 汉高股份及两合公司 用于金属基材的弱碱性薄无机腐蚀防护涂层
US20090293786A1 (en) * 2008-05-27 2009-12-03 Olver John W Biomass Combustion Chamber and Refractory Components
DE102008027505A1 (de) 2008-06-10 2010-01-28 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung
CA2640206A1 (fr) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-02 Hydro-Quebec Materiaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium
CA2641009A1 (fr) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-09 Alcan International, Limited Methode d'introduction du bore dans les anodes pour la production d'aluminium
US20110114479A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Kennametal Inc. Composite Material Useful in Electrolytic Aluminum Production Cells
US8501050B2 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-08-06 Kennametal Inc. Titanium diboride-silicon carbide composites useful in electrolytic aluminum production cells and methods for producing the same
EP2780135A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-09-24 Norsk Hydro ASA Method for manufacturing tube plate fin heat exchangers
US8865301B2 (en) * 2012-01-26 2014-10-21 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Refractory metal boride ceramics and methods of making thereof
CN104120454B (zh) * 2014-07-01 2016-08-17 湖南创元铝业有限公司 预焙阳极抗氧化性陶瓷基涂层及其涂覆方法
US11339490B2 (en) * 2015-04-23 2022-05-24 United Company RUSAL Engineering and Technology Centre LLC Aluminum electrolyzer electrode (variants)
CA3036969C (en) * 2016-09-16 2022-05-31 General Electric Company Silicon compositions containing boron and methods of forming the same
GB2570700A (en) * 2018-02-03 2019-08-07 Richard Scott Ian Continuous processing of spent nuclear fuel
CA3097451A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-24 Laboratoire Cir Inc. Material components protection against the corrosive action cryolite melts in aluminium reduction cells
RU2716726C1 (ru) * 2019-08-09 2020-03-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии Уральского отделения Российской Академии наук Способ нанесения защитного покрытия на катоды электролизера для получения алюминия
CN112225243A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2021-01-15 江苏银庆电气有限公司 纳米稀土氧化物复合材料的耐火母线槽及其制备方法
CN114525563B (zh) * 2022-02-28 2023-11-10 北京科技大学 一种制备管/板材表面致密的α-Al2O3涂层的方法

Family Cites Families (162)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330756A (en) * 1951-05-04 1967-07-11 British Aluminum Company Ltd Current conducting elements
ES203316A1 (es) * 1951-05-04 1952-07-01 British Aluminium Co Ltd UNA CELDA ELECTROLiTICA DE REDUCCIoN PARA LA PRODUCCIoN DE ALUMINIO
US2859138A (en) * 1953-09-30 1958-11-04 Melbourne K Blanchard Composition and method for coating a ceramic body
NL89970C (no) * 1954-03-15
US3016288A (en) * 1955-03-22 1962-01-09 Andrieux Jean Lucien Aluminothermic process of making boron, boron compounds and alloys
US2915442A (en) * 1955-11-28 1959-12-01 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Production of aluminum
FR1173804A (fr) 1956-04-30 1959-03-03 Procédé et appareil pour fabriquer des matériaux résistant aux températures élevées
US3028324A (en) * 1957-05-01 1962-04-03 British Aluminium Co Ltd Producing or refining aluminum
US3097930A (en) * 1960-03-09 1963-07-16 Cons Beryllium Ltd Method of making a porous shape of sintered refractory material
US3314876A (en) * 1960-11-28 1967-04-18 British Aluminium Co Ltd Method for manufacturing solid current conducting elements
US3111396A (en) * 1960-12-14 1963-11-19 Gen Electric Method of making a porous material
US3090094A (en) * 1961-02-21 1963-05-21 Gen Motors Corp Method of making porous ceramic articles
US3249460A (en) * 1961-03-07 1966-05-03 Norton Co Protected refractory articles
US3156639A (en) * 1961-08-17 1964-11-10 Reynolds Metals Co Electrode
US3274093A (en) * 1961-08-29 1966-09-20 Reynolds Metals Co Cathode construction for aluminum production
US3348929A (en) * 1962-04-16 1967-10-24 Metalurgitschen Zd Lenin Protecting carbon materials from oxidation
US3404031A (en) * 1963-09-03 1968-10-01 Boeing Co Emissive coating
DE1251962B (de) * 1963-11-21 1967-10-12 The British Aluminium Company Limited, London Kathode fur eine Elektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
US3457158A (en) * 1964-10-02 1969-07-22 Reynolds Metals Co Cell lining system
US3345440A (en) * 1965-06-29 1967-10-03 John M Googin Method for manufacturing foam carbon products
AU427351B1 (en) 1966-05-23 1972-08-23 Comalco Aluminium Chell Bay) Limited And Universityof Tasmania Anodes forthe electrolytic production of aluminium and aluminium alloys
US3617358A (en) * 1967-09-29 1971-11-02 Metco Inc Flame spray powder and process
US3558450A (en) * 1968-06-24 1971-01-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for electrochemical conversion
US3661736A (en) * 1969-05-07 1972-05-09 Olin Mathieson Refractory hard metal composite cathode aluminum reduction cell
US3531565A (en) * 1969-09-25 1970-09-29 American Cyanamid Co Stable adjuvant emulsion compositions comprising hydrated salts of a polyvalent metallic cation and a higher fatty acid
US3726643A (en) * 1970-04-09 1973-04-10 I Khim Fiz Akademii Nauk Method of producing refractory carbides,borides,silicides,sulfides,and nitrides of metals of groups iv,v,and vi of the periodic system
US3778249A (en) * 1970-06-09 1973-12-11 Int Nickel Co Dispersion strengthened electrical heating alloys by powder metallurgy
US3634736A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-01-11 Standard Oil Co Ohio Electrolytic capacitor employing paste electrodes
US3705791A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-12-12 Wall Colmonoy Corp Cermet alloy composition
BE790211A (fr) * 1971-10-22 1973-02-15 British Steel Corp Appareil en vue de former des revetements protecteurs sur des articles en carbone
AU466850B2 (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-11-13 Foseco International Limited Protection of graphite electrodes
GB1365820A (en) * 1972-02-15 1974-09-04 Zirconal Processes Ltd Coating composition suitable for use at high temperatures
CH576005A5 (no) * 1972-03-21 1976-05-31 Alusuisse
US3939028A (en) * 1972-03-22 1976-02-17 Foseco International Limited Protection of carbon articles
US4384995A (en) * 1980-01-16 1983-05-24 The Ohio State University Antigenic modification of polypeptides
US3969696A (en) * 1973-09-19 1976-07-13 Wolfe Denis G Refractory resistor with supporting terminal
US3947363A (en) * 1974-01-02 1976-03-30 Swiss Aluminium Limited Ceramic foam filter
US3893917A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-07-08 Alusuisse Molten metal filter
US4024056A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-05-17 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Filtering of molten metal
US3962081A (en) * 1975-03-28 1976-06-08 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Ceramic foam filter
US3964924A (en) * 1975-07-11 1976-06-22 Pfizer Inc. Protective coating for graphite electrodes
US4003014A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-01-11 Robertshaw Controls Company Refractory resistance terminal
FR2338336A1 (fr) * 1976-01-13 1977-08-12 Pechiney Aluminium Nouveau procede de brasquage des cuves pour electrolyse ignee
US4093524A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-06-06 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Bonding of refractory hard metal
RU725326C (ru) * 1977-08-29 1993-11-15 Отделение Института химической физики АН СССР Способ получени двухслойных труб
DE2805374C2 (de) 1978-02-09 1982-07-15 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflußelektrolyse
CA1137523A (en) * 1978-08-12 1982-12-14 Tsuneaki Narumiya Ceramic porous body
JPS5556077A (en) * 1978-10-21 1980-04-24 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Ceramic porous body
US4202691A (en) * 1978-11-21 1980-05-13 Eutectic Corporation Metallo-thermic powder
DE2903510C2 (de) * 1979-01-30 1981-06-25 Glacier Gmbh Deva Werke, 3570 Stadtallendorf Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Strangpressen elektrisch-leitfähiger granulierter, vorzugsweise pulvermetallurgischer Werkstoffe
US4342637A (en) * 1979-07-30 1982-08-03 Metallurgical, Inc. Composite anode for the electrolytic deposition of aluminum
GB2053058B (en) * 1979-07-03 1983-02-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Soldered electrical connection for a capacitor
JPS5623285A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-03-05 Nobuatsu Watanabe Production of fluorine
US4267435A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-05-12 The Kanthal Corporation Electric resistance heating element
ZA807586B (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-11-25 Diamond Shamrock Corp Ceramic oxide electrodes for molten salt electrolysis
US4292345A (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-09-29 Kolesnik Mikhail I Method of protecting carbon-containing component parts of metallurgical units from oxidation
US4333813A (en) * 1980-03-03 1982-06-08 Reynolds Metals Company Cathodes for alumina reduction cells
AU543106B2 (en) * 1980-05-23 1985-04-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Cathod for aluminium production
US4308114A (en) * 1980-07-21 1981-12-29 Aluminum Company Of America Electrolytic production of aluminum using a composite cathode
US4308115A (en) * 1980-08-15 1981-12-29 Aluminum Company Of America Method of producing aluminum using graphite cathode coated with refractory hard metal
US4374761A (en) * 1980-11-10 1983-02-22 Aluminum Company Of America Inert electrode formulations
US4391918A (en) * 1981-01-22 1983-07-05 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Ceramic foam filter and aqueous slurry for making same
US4333818A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-06-08 Uop Inc. Separation of normally gaseous hydrocarbons from a catalytic reforming effluent and recovery of purified hydrogen
US4405433A (en) * 1981-04-06 1983-09-20 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Aluminum reduction cell electrode
US4585675A (en) * 1981-04-07 1986-04-29 Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company Alumina silicon carbide, and silicon primary protective coatings for carbon-carbon substrates
AU554703B2 (en) * 1981-07-01 1986-08-28 Moltech Invent S.A. Electrolytic production of aluminum
US4439382A (en) * 1981-07-27 1984-03-27 Great Lakes Carbon Corporation Titanium diboride-graphite composites
US4517037A (en) * 1981-11-02 1985-05-14 Aluminum Company Of America Refractory composition comprising nitride filler and colloidal sol binder
US4418097A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-11-29 Martin Marietta Corporation Coating for graphite electrodes
US4560448A (en) * 1982-05-10 1985-12-24 Eltech Systems Corporation Aluminum wettable materials for aluminum production
DE3373115D1 (en) * 1982-05-28 1987-09-24 Alcan Int Ltd Improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for aluminium production
US4697632A (en) * 1982-06-11 1987-10-06 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Ceramic porous bodies suitable for use with superalloys
DE3375030D1 (en) * 1982-07-22 1988-02-04 Commw Aluminium Corp Improved cell for electrolytic production of aluminum
US4466996A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-08-21 Martin Marietta Corporation Aluminum cell cathode coating method
US4487804A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-12-11 Nalco Chemical Company Coating to prevent the oxidation of electrodes during electric furnace steel making
US4508788A (en) * 1982-09-09 1985-04-02 Gte Products Corporation Plasma spray powder
US4595545A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-06-17 Eltech Systems Corporation Refractory metal borides and composites containing them
US4600481A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-07-15 Eltech Systems Corporation Aluminum production cell components
US4540475A (en) * 1982-12-30 1985-09-10 Corning Glass Works Electrolytic Al production with reactive sintered ceramic components of boride-oxide phases
GB8301001D0 (en) * 1983-01-14 1983-02-16 Eltech Syst Ltd Molten salt electrowinning method
US4481052A (en) * 1983-01-28 1984-11-06 Martin Marietta Corporation Method of making refractory hard metal containing tiles for aluminum cell cathodes
US4459363A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-07-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Synthesis of refractory materials
US4769237A (en) 1983-03-25 1988-09-06 Bittle James L Synthetic picornavirus antigen
US4455211A (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-06-19 Aluminum Company Of America Composition suitable for inert electrode
AU2713684A (en) 1983-04-26 1984-11-01 Aluminium Company Of America Electrolytic cell
US4596637A (en) * 1983-04-26 1986-06-24 Aluminum Company Of America Apparatus and method for electrolysis and float
US4567103A (en) * 1983-07-28 1986-01-28 Union Carbide Corporation Carbonaceous articles having oxidation prohibitive coatings thereon
US4559270A (en) * 1983-07-28 1985-12-17 Union Carbide Corporation Oxidation prohibitive coatings for carbonaceous articles
US4670201A (en) * 1983-09-20 1987-06-02 Union Carbide Corporation Process for making pitch-free graphitic articles
US4535035A (en) * 1984-01-17 1985-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Oxidation resistant slurry coating for carbon-based materials
US4582553A (en) * 1984-02-03 1986-04-15 Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation Process for manufacture of refractory hard metal containing plates for aluminum cell cathodes
IS1314B6 (is) * 1984-03-07 1988-03-22 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag Kolefnismassi og aðferð til að framleiða hann
US4678760A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-07-07 Aluminum Company Of America Method of forming a substantially interwoven matrix containing a refractory hard metal and a metal compound
DE3584475D1 (de) 1984-05-18 1991-11-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries Verfahren zum sintern von keramischen koerpern und dadurch hergestellte keramische koerper mit einer verteilten metallverstaerkung.
US4681819A (en) * 1984-06-11 1987-07-21 Alcan International Limited Treatment of refractory articles
FR2565964A1 (fr) * 1984-06-13 1985-12-20 Lafarge Refractaires Nouveaux refractaires a haute teneur en alumine et leur procede d'obtention
US4610726A (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-09-09 Eltech Systems Corporation Dense cermets containing fine grained ceramics and their manufacture
US4738389A (en) 1984-10-19 1988-04-19 Martin Marietta Corporation Welding using metal-ceramic composites
US4915905A (en) 1984-10-19 1990-04-10 Martin Marietta Corporation Process for rapid solidification of intermetallic-second phase composites
US4836982A (en) 1984-10-19 1989-06-06 Martin Marietta Corporation Rapid solidification of metal-second phase composites
US4985202A (en) 1984-10-19 1991-01-15 Martin Marietta Corporation Process for forming porous metal-second phase composites
US4751048A (en) 1984-10-19 1988-06-14 Martin Marietta Corporation Process for forming metal-second phase composites and product thereof
US4774052A (en) 1984-10-19 1988-09-27 Martin Marietta Corporation Composites having an intermetallic containing matrix
EP0192603B1 (en) * 1985-02-18 1992-06-24 MOLTECH Invent S.A. Method of producing aluminum, aluminum production cell and anode for aluminum electrolysis
EP0192602B1 (en) 1985-02-18 1992-11-11 MOLTECH Invent S.A. Low temperature alumina electrolysis
EP0203884B1 (en) * 1985-05-17 1989-12-06 MOLTECH Invent S.A. Dimensionally stable anode for molten salt electrowinning and method of electrolysis
US5022975A (en) 1985-11-12 1991-06-11 16R Enterprises, Inc. Solid state electrochemical pollution control device
US4726995A (en) * 1985-11-13 1988-02-23 Union Carbide Corporation Oxidation retarded graphite or carbon electrode and method for producing the electrode
US4808372A (en) 1986-01-23 1989-02-28 Drexel University In situ process for producing a composite containing refractory material
US4656906A (en) * 1986-02-04 1987-04-14 Crest-Foam Corporation Supporting bed for sheet material cutting machine and method of manufacture
US4921731A (en) 1986-02-25 1990-05-01 University Of Florida Deposition of ceramic coatings using sol-gel processing with application of a thermal gradient
US4902457A (en) 1986-04-07 1990-02-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing a porous material or a composite sintered product comprising zirconium oxide and a carbide
US4897170A (en) 1986-04-07 1990-01-30 Borden, Inc. Manufacture of a Soderberg electrode incorporating a high carbon-contributing phenolic sacrificial binder
JPH0788500B2 (ja) 1986-06-13 1995-09-27 株式会社曙ブレ−キ中央技術研究所 摩擦材料
US4699763A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers
US4678548A (en) * 1986-07-21 1987-07-07 Aluminum Company Of America Corrosion-resistant support apparatus and method of use for inert electrodes
US4737247A (en) 1986-07-21 1988-04-12 Aluminum Company Of America Inert anode stable cathode assembly
US4966674A (en) 1986-08-21 1990-10-30 Moltech Invent S. A. Cerium oxycompound, stable anode for molten salt electrowinning and method of production
AU606355B2 (en) 1986-08-21 1991-02-07 Moltech Invent S.A. Cerium containing ceramic/metal composite material
BR8707792A (pt) 1986-08-21 1989-08-15 Moltech Invent Sa Eletrodo para eletroproducao de sal em fusao processo e celula
US4772452A (en) 1986-12-19 1988-09-20 Martin Marietta Corporation Process for forming metal-second phase composites utilizing compound starting materials
US4800065A (en) 1986-12-19 1989-01-24 Martin Marietta Corporation Process for making ceramic-ceramic composites and products thereof
US4711666A (en) * 1987-02-02 1987-12-08 Zyp Coatings, Inc. Oxidation prevention coating for graphite
US4769074A (en) 1987-02-02 1988-09-06 Zyp Coatings, Inc. Binder/suspension composition and method of preparation thereof
US4975191A (en) 1987-03-23 1990-12-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Ceramic foam filter
US4900698A (en) 1987-05-26 1990-02-13 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Ceramic product and process
US4904424A (en) 1987-05-29 1990-02-27 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Ceramic alloys from colloidal metal alloy suspensions
US4877759A (en) 1987-05-29 1989-10-31 Regents Of The University Of California One step process for producing dense aluminum nitride and composites thereof
DE3730753A1 (de) 1987-09-12 1989-03-23 Spraytec Oberflaechentech Pulver zum erzeugen von hartstoffen bei kurzen reaktionszeiten, insbesondere zur fuellung von hohldraehten zum lichtbogenspritzen
WO1989002489A1 (en) * 1987-09-16 1989-03-23 Eltech Systems Corporation Cathode current collector for aluminum production cells
WO1989002488A1 (en) * 1987-09-16 1989-03-23 Eltech Systems Corporation Refractory oxycompound/refractory hard metal composite
JPH01119568A (ja) 1987-10-30 1989-05-11 Univ Osaka 加圧自己燃焼焼結法
US5015343A (en) 1987-12-28 1991-05-14 Aluminum Company Of America Electrolytic cell and process for metal reduction
CN1014911B (zh) 1988-01-06 1991-11-27 东北工学院 铝电解用活性炭阳极材料
US4961778A (en) 1988-01-13 1990-10-09 The Dow Chemical Company Densification of ceramic-metal composites
DE3802670A1 (de) 1988-01-29 1989-08-10 Manfred Dr Akstinat Verfahren zur herstellung von kunstkohlekoerpern, insbesondere von kohleanoden zur verwendung fuer die aluminium-schmelzflusselektrolyse
US4975412A (en) 1988-02-22 1990-12-04 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Method of processing superconducting materials and its products
US4983423A (en) 1988-05-24 1991-01-08 Ceramem Corporation Method of forming a porous inorganic membrane on a porous support using a reactive inorganic binder
JP2729254B2 (ja) 1988-08-05 1998-03-18 信淳 渡辺 低分極性炭素電極
US4865701A (en) 1988-08-31 1989-09-12 Beck Theodore R Electrolytic reduction of alumina
JPH075929B2 (ja) 1988-09-02 1995-01-25 日本鋼管株式会社 粉体の鋳込み成形方法
US5022991A (en) 1988-09-08 1991-06-11 Corning Incorporated Thermite coated filter
US5030600A (en) 1988-10-06 1991-07-09 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corp. Novel sialon composition
US5032332A (en) 1988-10-06 1991-07-16 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Process for making a silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina ceramic composite precursor
US4957885A (en) 1988-10-06 1990-09-18 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Process for making a silicon carbide composition
US4948761A (en) 1988-12-02 1990-08-14 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Process for making a silicon carbide composition
US4990295A (en) 1988-10-06 1991-02-05 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Process for making a silicon carbide composition
US5071797A (en) 1988-10-06 1991-12-10 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Titanium carbide/alumina composite material
US5006290A (en) 1988-10-06 1991-04-09 Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corporation Process for making a silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina ceramic composite precursor
US4909842A (en) 1988-10-21 1990-03-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Grained composite materials prepared by combustion synthesis under mechanical pressure
US4988645A (en) 1988-12-12 1991-01-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Cermet materials prepared by combustion synthesis and metal infiltration
US4935265A (en) 1988-12-19 1990-06-19 United Technologies Corporation Method for coating fibers with an amorphous hydrated metal oxide
EP0401374A4 (en) 1988-12-20 1991-10-02 Institut Strukturnoi Makrokinetiki Akademii Nauk Sssr Method of obtaining composition material
EP0404943A4 (en) 1988-12-20 1991-10-30 Institut Strukturnoi Makrokinetiki Akademii Nauk Sssr Porous refractory material, article made thereof and method for making said article
US5158655A (en) * 1989-01-09 1992-10-27 Townsend Douglas W Coating of cathode substrate during aluminum smelting in drained cathode cells
US4929328A (en) 1989-03-07 1990-05-29 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Titanium diboride ceramic fiber composites for Hall-Heroult cells
JPH04502749A (ja) 1989-06-30 1992-05-21 インスティトゥト　ストルクトゥルノイ　マクロキネティキ　アカデミー　ナウク　エスエスエスアール セラミック複合材料およびその製造方法
US5026422A (en) 1989-11-03 1991-06-25 Union Carbide Coatings Service Technology Corporation Powder coating compositions
US5077246A (en) 1990-06-04 1991-12-31 Apollo Concepts, Inc. Method for producing composites containing aluminum oxide, aluminum boride and aluminum, and composites resulting therefrom
US5217583A (en) * 1991-01-30 1993-06-08 University Of Cincinnati Composite electrode for electrochemical processing and method for using the same in an electrolytic process for producing metallic aluminum
US5279715A (en) * 1991-09-17 1994-01-18 Aluminum Company Of America Process and apparatus for low temperature electrolysis of oxides
US5492604A (en) 1994-12-28 1996-02-20 Aluminum Company Of America Coating composition for carbon electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5527442A (en) 1996-06-18
DE69319721T2 (de) 1999-03-25
US5340448A (en) 1994-08-23
AU3951093A (en) 1993-11-08
EP0633871A1 (en) 1995-01-18
US5310476A (en) 1994-05-10
WO1993020027A1 (en) 1993-10-14
US6402926B1 (en) 2002-06-11
NO943656D0 (no) 1994-09-30
CA2131287C (en) 2001-06-12
CA2131287A1 (en) 1993-10-14
EP0633871B1 (en) 1998-07-15
AU672396B2 (en) 1996-10-03
DE69319721D1 (de) 1998-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NO943656L (no) Ildfaste, beskyttende belegg, spesielt for elektrolysecellekomponenter
NO20051708L (no) Beskyttelse av ikke-karbonanoder og andre oksidasjonsbestandige komponenter med jernoksidholdige belegg
NO911468L (no) Kompositt ioneledende elektrolyttelement.
IS1170B6 (is) Rafskaut fyrir rafgreiningarbræðsluker
US6338785B1 (en) Start-up of aluminum electrowinning cells
ATE4331T1 (de) Tonerde-reduktionszelle, verfahren zur herstellung einer solchen zelle und ihre anwendung bei der herstellung von aluminium.
JPS5468779A (en) Coated super-hard alloy material
ES8504970A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en una celda para la reduccion electrolitica de alumina a aluminio
NO20063158L (no) Oppstart av celler for elektrolytisk fremstilling av aluminium
NO160766B (no) Strippesystem for en lastetank.
EP0548864B1 (en) Method of forming an aluminum protective coating on a carbon-carbon composite
RU2299278C2 (ru) Способ нанесения смачиваемого покрытия подины алюминиевого электролизера
JPS58213871A (ja) 密着性の秀れた亜鉛被覆を鉄基板に被覆する方法
SU138745A1 (ru) Электролит дл создани защитного титанового покрыти
Boxall et al. Anode Stud Coatings for Electrolytic Cells
NO961885L (no) Komponenter av ildfast materiale/karbon aluminium-produksjonsceller
US2812250A (en) Production of titanium by the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by magnesium
NO981721L (no) Harde og abrasjonsbestandige overflater hvilke beskytter katodeblokker i elektrolytiske celler for aluminiumfremstilling
JPS5719372A (en) Surface coated superhard alloy
SU457757A1 (ru) Способ нанесени компактных покрытий из тугоплавких металлов
Hiltmann et al. Titanium diboride plasma coating of carbon cathode materials. II- Characterization
FR1605225A (en) Protecting refractory metals at high temps by surface - coatings
KR930010217A (ko) 밀착성 및 내식성이 우수한 아연 및 아연-마그네슘 합금의 이층 도금강판 및 그 제조방법
JPS56150195A (en) Cathode furnace bottom for aluminum electrolytic furnace
Townsend et al. TiB 2 Coatings Prepared by Plasma Spraying and Electroplating

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FC2A Withdrawal, rejection or dismissal of laid open patent application