NO317504B1 - Emulgert brennstoff og fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, samt additivblanding for brennstoff. - Google Patents
Emulgert brennstoff og fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, samt additivblanding for brennstoff. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO317504B1 NO317504B1 NO19984254A NO984254A NO317504B1 NO 317504 B1 NO317504 B1 NO 317504B1 NO 19984254 A NO19984254 A NO 19984254A NO 984254 A NO984254 A NO 984254A NO 317504 B1 NO317504 B1 NO 317504B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fuel
- emulsion
- equal
- parts
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 sorbitol ester Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Polymers CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005078 sorbitan sesquioleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950004959 sorbitan oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NCCC#N WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trihexadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-BFWOXRRGSA-N [(2r)-2-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)C1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-BFWOXRRGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012052 hydrophilic carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHWYCFISAQVCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethanol Chemical compound COCO VHWYCFISAQVCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M ricinoleate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011067 sorbitan monolaureate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950003429 sorbitan palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011392 sorbitan stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9603547A FR2746106B1 (fr) | 1996-03-15 | 1996-03-15 | Combustible emulsionne et l'un de ses procedes d'obtention |
| PCT/FR1997/000475 WO1997034969A1 (fr) | 1996-03-15 | 1997-03-17 | Combustible emulsionne et l'un de ses procedes d'obtention |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO984254D0 NO984254D0 (no) | 1998-09-14 |
| NO984254L NO984254L (no) | 1998-11-16 |
| NO317504B1 true NO317504B1 (no) | 2004-11-08 |
Family
ID=9490411
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19984254A NO317504B1 (no) | 1996-03-15 | 1998-09-14 | Emulgert brennstoff og fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, samt additivblanding for brennstoff. |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6068670A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0888421B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3236024B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100416119B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1089364C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE184639T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU711348B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9708074A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2248631C (fr) |
| CZ (1) | CZ294200B6 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69700529T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2140968T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2746106B1 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3032123T3 (fr) |
| HK (1) | HK1019614A1 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO317504B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ331828A (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL188448B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2167920C2 (fr) |
| TR (1) | TR199801826T2 (fr) |
| UA (1) | UA56158C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1997034969A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (68)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6284806B1 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2001-09-04 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Water emulsions of Fischer-Tropsch waxes |
| DE69841780D1 (de) | 1997-12-12 | 2010-09-02 | Talisman Capital Talon Fund Lt | Wässrige treibstoffmischung mit konstantem heizwert und verfahren zu ihrer bildung |
| ES2140350B1 (es) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-11-16 | I Feliu Tomas Coll | Un aditivo para realizar emulsiones estables de agua con aceites o grasas en forma de emulsiones o carburantes y utilizacion de dicho aditivo. |
| US6368366B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
| US20060048443A1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2006-03-09 | Filippini Brian B | Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions |
| US6648929B1 (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2003-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions |
| US6368367B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
| US6383237B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-05-07 | Deborah A. Langer | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions |
| FR2786780B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-03-02 | Elf Antar France | Procede de preparation d'un combustible emulsionne et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
| US6530964B2 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2003-03-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
| US6652607B2 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2003-11-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
| US6419714B2 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-07-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsifier for an acqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
| IT1314228B1 (it) * | 1999-11-16 | 2002-12-06 | Ernesto Marelli | Carburante per motori diesel in forma di microemulsione e procedimentoper preparare lo stesso. |
| FR2802941B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-04-05 | Elf Antar France | Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature |
| CA2398006C (fr) * | 2000-01-12 | 2010-01-05 | Cam Tecnologie S.P.A. | Combustible contenant une emulsion eau-hydrocarbure liquide |
| DE10003105A1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-07-26 | Basf Ag | Kraftstoff-Wasser-Emulsionen, enthaltend Emulgatoren auf Polyisobuten-Basis |
| US6606856B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2003-08-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine |
| US7276093B1 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2007-10-02 | Inievep, S.A. | Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same |
| US20030084658A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2003-05-08 | Brown Kevin F | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine using a water diesel fuel in combination with exhaust after-treatments |
| GB0029675D0 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-01-17 | Bp Oil Int | Emulsion |
| WO2003006588A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Cam Tecnologie S.P.A. | Combustible comprenant une emulsion entre l'eau et un hydrocarbure liquide |
| TW574365B (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2004-02-01 | Kune-Muh Tsai | Emulsion fuel oil and its forming method |
| TW589369B (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2004-06-01 | Kune-Muh Tsai | Emulsion fuel oil additive |
| US7344570B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2008-03-18 | Clean Fuels Technology, Inc. | Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel |
| KR100449819B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-28 | 2004-09-24 | 인천정유 주식회사 | 디젤유 w/o형 에멀젼용 분산 유화제 |
| GB0124117D0 (en) * | 2001-10-08 | 2001-11-28 | Ici Plc | Fuel emulsion |
| US6748905B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2004-06-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine |
| CN1622988A (zh) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-06-01 | Cam技术股份公司 | 降低内燃机污染物排放的方法,以及包含水和液态烃的燃料乳液 |
| FR2842820B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-26 | 2005-06-17 | Totalfinaelf France | Combustible emulsionne eau/hydrocarbures, sa preparation et ses utilisations |
| EP1408101A1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-14 | Infineum International Limited | Additifs et compositions d'huile combustible |
| US20040111957A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-17 | Filippini Brian B. | Water blended fuel composition |
| US7257945B2 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2007-08-21 | U T Battelle, Llc | Stripping ethanol from ethanol-blended fuels for use in NOx SCR |
| SE0301119D0 (sv) * | 2003-04-14 | 2003-04-14 | Astrazeneca Ab | New non-ionic surfactants for solubilizing poorly soluble molecules |
| US20040229765A1 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Xiomara Gutierrez | Surfactant package and water in hydrocarbon emulsion using same |
| FR2855525B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-02 | 2005-07-08 | Total France | Combustible emulsionne eau/hydrocarbures, sa preparation et ses utilisations |
| US7413583B2 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2008-08-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified fuels and engine oil synergy |
| EP1512736B1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2018-05-02 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel |
| CN100344737C (zh) * | 2003-12-24 | 2007-10-24 | 上海精微粉溶机械设备有限公司 | 油包水型有机废液乳化燃料油及其制备方法 |
| ITMI20040296A1 (it) * | 2004-02-20 | 2004-05-20 | Ernesto Marelli | Carburante per motori diesel in forma di microemulsione e procedimento per preparare lo stesso |
| CN100351351C (zh) * | 2005-01-31 | 2007-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 |
| US8153180B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2012-04-10 | Pepsico, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making beverages |
| ATE491861T1 (de) | 2006-02-07 | 2011-01-15 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc | Mit kohlendioxid angereicherte rauchgaseinspritzung zur kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung |
| MX2008013727A (es) * | 2006-04-27 | 2009-02-05 | New Generation Biofuels Inc | Composicion de biocombustible y metodo para producir un biocombustible. |
| DE112007003390A5 (de) * | 2007-03-16 | 2010-01-28 | Isi Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kraftstoffen sowie Verwendung einer Kraftstoffzusammensetzung |
| EP2222530B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-01 | 2016-05-04 | Artsana Usa Inc. | Système d'actionnement de poussette pliante |
| US20100005706A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-14 | Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC | Fuel composition with enhanced low temperature properties |
| EP2145940A1 (fr) | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-20 | Bp Oil International Limited | Utilisation et véhicule |
| JP5670459B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-02-18 | パロックス リミテッド | 液体燃料の保護 |
| KR101125638B1 (ko) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-03-27 | 에이치플러스에코 주식회사 | 중유 에멀젼용 분산 유화제 및 이를 포함하는 중유 에멀젼 연료유 |
| GB201001923D0 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-03-24 | Palox Offshore S A L | Protection of liquid fuels |
| JP5604141B2 (ja) | 2010-03-11 | 2014-10-08 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 油剤組成物及び極微量油剤供給式切削・研削加工方法 |
| EP2547701B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-17 | 2018-07-04 | Croda, Inc. | Tensioactif polymère |
| US8540784B2 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2013-09-24 | Tellus Renewables Llc | Fuel compositions |
| WO2011154001A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-15 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Composition émulsifiée de carburant diesel oxygéné et procédé de préparation d'une composition émulsifiée de carburant diesel oxygéné |
| ITRM20110694A1 (it) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-06-30 | Fuel S A E | Emulsioni stabilizzate con tensioattivi di acqua in gasolio. |
| CN103289761A (zh) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-09-11 | 上海四埃美微科技有限公司 | 燃料添加剂 |
| US9109179B2 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2015-08-18 | Broadleaf Energy, LLC | Renewable biofuel |
| CN103074128A (zh) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-01 | 九峰能源科技（上海）有限公司 | 一种水/烃乳化燃料 |
| ITVR20130081A1 (it) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-06 | Fuber Ltd | Additivo emulsionante per la formazione di emulsioni di acqua in olio combustibile puro o in miscele contenenti principalmente olio combustibile e metodo per la sua produzione |
| RU2551358C1 (ru) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-05-20 | Хасан Амаевич Тайсумов | Авиационный топливный гель |
| RU2546891C1 (ru) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пензенская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Ультразвуковой смеситель растительного масла и минерального топлива |
| ES2719875T3 (es) | 2014-11-10 | 2019-07-16 | Eme Finance Ltd | Dispositivo para mezclar agua y gasoil, aparato y proceso para producir una microemulsión de agua/gasoil |
| EP3023399B1 (fr) * | 2014-11-18 | 2020-01-01 | Total Marketing Services | Composition d'additif anti-poussière pour matériau de construction |
| CN104560235A (zh) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-29 | 南通恒隆化工有限公司 | 一种乳化剂 |
| IT201600132801A1 (it) | 2016-12-30 | 2018-06-30 | Eme International Ltd | Apparato e processo per produrre liquido derivante da biomassa, biocarburante e biomateriale |
| RU2720857C1 (ru) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-05-13 | Публичное акционерное общество «Татнефть» имени В.Д. Шашина | Эмульгатор инвертной эмульсии для увеличения нефтеотдачи пластов |
| RU2720113C1 (ru) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-04-24 | Публичное акционерное общество «Татнефть» имени В.Д. Шашина | Эмульгатор инвертной эмульсии для увеличения нефтеотдачи пластов |
| BR112022002924A2 (pt) * | 2019-08-21 | 2022-06-07 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Formulação de combustível, combustível de motor de ignição por compressão e método de operação de motor de ignição por compressão ou um motor tipo otto que usa uma formulação de combustível |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2509288A (en) * | 1947-01-02 | 1950-05-30 | Internat Morfat Corp | Emulsifying apparatus |
| US3606868A (en) * | 1970-05-14 | 1971-09-21 | Maarten Voodg | Smog control system employing an emulsion of water in gasoline |
| JPS5269909A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1977-06-10 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | Water-in-oil emulsion fuel |
| US4352572A (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1982-10-05 | Hwang-Chuan Chen | Continuous and automatic oil-water mixing method and its installation |
| FR2577141B1 (fr) * | 1985-02-13 | 1993-11-12 | Elf France | Protection des hydrocarbures contre l'action de microorganismes |
| US4755325A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-07-05 | Columbia Chase Corporation | Process for emulsifying oil and water mixture |
| GB8717836D0 (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1987-09-03 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Preparation & combustion of fuel oil emulsions |
| GB2217229B (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1992-07-29 | Enersolve Chemical Company Lim | Solubilising composition |
| CH678283A5 (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-08-30 | Zugol Ag | Low-viscosity water-in-oil emulsions with submicron droplet size - esp. useful as fuels, contain water insol. substance |
| WO1993018117A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-09-16 | Ecotec (Sarl) | Carburants emulsionnes |
| US5411558A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1995-05-02 | Kao Corporation | Heavy oil emulsion fuel and process for production thereof |
-
1996
- 1996-03-15 FR FR9603547A patent/FR2746106B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-17 UA UA98094738A patent/UA56158C2/uk unknown
- 1997-03-17 CZ CZ19982914A patent/CZ294200B6/cs unknown
- 1997-03-17 CA CA002248631A patent/CA2248631C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-17 ES ES97915509T patent/ES2140968T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-17 NZ NZ331828A patent/NZ331828A/en unknown
- 1997-03-17 PL PL97328827A patent/PL188448B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 WO PCT/FR1997/000475 patent/WO1997034969A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-17 BR BR9708074-8A patent/BR9708074A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 DE DE69700529T patent/DE69700529T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-17 CN CN97193961A patent/CN1089364C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-17 AU AU22963/97A patent/AU711348B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-17 AT AT97915509T patent/ATE184639T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 EP EP97915509A patent/EP0888421B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-17 JP JP53320297A patent/JP3236024B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-17 KR KR10-1998-0707259A patent/KR100416119B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 TR TR1998/01826T patent/TR199801826T2/xx unknown
- 1997-03-17 RU RU98118775/04A patent/RU2167920C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 US US09/147,031 patent/US6068670A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-14 NO NO19984254A patent/NO317504B1/no unknown
-
1999
- 1999-10-25 HK HK99104745A patent/HK1019614A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-14 GR GR990403203T patent/GR3032123T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997034969A1 (fr) | 1997-09-25 |
| NO984254L (no) | 1998-11-16 |
| AU2296397A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
| CZ291498A3 (cs) | 1999-03-17 |
| NZ331828A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| FR2746106A1 (fr) | 1997-09-19 |
| CN1089364C (zh) | 2002-08-21 |
| TR199801826T2 (xx) | 1998-12-21 |
| KR100416119B1 (ko) | 2004-05-07 |
| EP0888421A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
| CA2248631A1 (fr) | 1997-09-25 |
| DE69700529T2 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
| NO984254D0 (no) | 1998-09-14 |
| CA2248631C (fr) | 2005-07-26 |
| CN1216571A (zh) | 1999-05-12 |
| PL188448B1 (pl) | 2005-02-28 |
| HK1019614A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 |
| ATE184639T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
| JP2000502743A (ja) | 2000-03-07 |
| PL328827A1 (en) | 1999-02-15 |
| FR2746106B1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
| CZ294200B6 (cs) | 2004-10-13 |
| DE69700529D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
| EP0888421B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
| ES2140968T3 (es) | 2000-03-01 |
| AU711348B2 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
| UA56158C2 (uk) | 2003-05-15 |
| BR9708074A (pt) | 2000-01-04 |
| JP3236024B2 (ja) | 2001-12-04 |
| GR3032123T3 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| RU2167920C2 (ru) | 2001-05-27 |
| KR20000064594A (ko) | 2000-11-06 |
| US6068670A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| NO317504B1 (no) | Emulgert brennstoff og fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, samt additivblanding for brennstoff. | |
| US8262748B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel | |
| US8247359B2 (en) | Water-in-oil emulsions, methods and uses of emulsifying agents | |
| JP2968589B2 (ja) | 内燃機関用水性燃料とその製造方法 | |
| US7704288B2 (en) | Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same | |
| CA2243054C (fr) | Emulsion multiple et methode pour la preparer | |
| US7977389B2 (en) | Microemulsions and use thereof as a fuel | |
| EP1477550A1 (fr) | Composition de tensio-actifs and émulsion eau-dans-huile | |
| CN102899106B (zh) | 一种低碳甲醇柴油及其添加剂以及其制备方法 | |
| WO2002092731A1 (fr) | Compositions pour combustibles non-polluants, procedes de preparation correspondants et utilisation de ces compositions | |
| PL191935B1 (pl) | Paliwo w postaci emulsji oraz kompozycja dodatków do paliwa, zwłaszcza do paliwa silnikowego | |
| RU2367683C2 (ru) | Топливно-водная эмульсия | |
| JP2023547501A (ja) | 燃料乳化剤用の分岐界面活性剤及び任意選択によりプロポキシル化界面活性剤を含む乳化剤パッケージ | |
| MXPA98005727A (en) | Multiple emulsion and method for preparing same |