NO167148B - Fremgangsmaate for reduksjon av arkdannelse under polymerisering av alfa-olefiner. - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for reduksjon av arkdannelse under polymerisering av alfa-olefiner. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO167148B NO167148B NO87870324A NO870324A NO167148B NO 167148 B NO167148 B NO 167148B NO 87870324 A NO87870324 A NO 87870324A NO 870324 A NO870324 A NO 870324A NO 167148 B NO167148 B NO 167148B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- cathode
- clamped
- emitting
- procedure
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/34—Polymerisation in gaseous state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1809—Controlling processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00256—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles in a heat exchanger for the heat exchange medium separate from the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00274—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00734—Controlling static charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2410/00—Features related to the catalyst preparation, the catalyst use or to the deactivation of the catalyst
- C08F2410/01—Additive used together with the catalyst, excluding compounds containing Al or B
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/901—Monomer polymerized in vapor state in presence of transition metal containing catalyst
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
Indirekte opphetbar katode for et elektrisk utladningsrør, og fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en slik katode.
Oppfinnelsen angår en indirekte opphetbar katode for et elektrisk utladningsror, omfattende en kappe med emitterende endeflate, hvor kappen er festet på en sylinder i hvilken det befinner seg et hete-legeme, og hvor katoden ved hjelp av stavformede stotteorganer er festet til et bæreorgan. Oppfinnelsen angår særlig en forrådskatode med små dimensjoner og som er egnet for anvendelse i en elektronstrålekanon. Videre angår oppfinnelsen en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en slik katode.
Katoder med emitterende endeflater anvendes som be-kjent for frembringelse av en elektronstråle.
Ved kjente katoder fastsveises tynne stottestaver som oftest til kappen eller til en sylinder som inneholder hete-legemet. Sveisingen av slike tynne staver eller strimler forer imidlertid til stor vrakprosent og er derfor kostbare fordi stavene må holdes og fastsveises hver for seg. Særlig ved katoder med små dimensjoner (diameter av endeflaten 2 mm eller mindre) er dette ikke enkelt.
Da slike katoder med emitterende endeflate under drift som kjent belastes forholdsvis sterkt, er det gunstig å an-vende en forrådskatode fordi den emitterende overflate er forholdsvis liten, og også av den grunn at overflaten av den emitterende del er meget glatt, hvilket er fordelaktig ved små elektrodeavstan-der. De kjente konstruksjoner av slike katoder er derfor forholdsvis kostbare, fordi forrådet av emitterende materiale som oftest må presses inn i eller fastklemmes i en utsparing som er tilveiebrakt ved utdreiing av et massivt metallegeme.
Det er fastslått at katoder av den innledningsvis nevnte art kan fremstilles meget enkelt og billig, hvis ifolge oppfinnelsen kappen er skiveformet og på den side som vender fra den emitterende endeflate, er forsynt med et ringspor i hvilket såvel enden av sylinderen som de stavformede stotteorganer er fastklemt.
Ved anvendelse av en slik forrådskatode kan sylinderen og støttestavene fastklemmes i ringsporet samtidig med at det emitterende materiale fastklemmes i et hulrom i den emitterende endeflate av kappen. Hvis det emitterende materiale har form av en på forhånd fremstilt pille, kan ved deformering av ringsporets ytter-kant ved fastklemming av metallsylinderen og støttestavene, også pillen klemmes fast i hulrommet. En sveiseoperasjon er derfor ikke nodvendig.
Et utforelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen skal for-klares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen. Fig. 1 viser et aksialt snitt gjennom en katode ifolge oppfinnelsen.'
Fig. 2 viser et enderiss av katoden på fig. 1.
Fig. 3 viser en anordning for fremstilling av katoden på fig. 1.
Katoden på fig. 1 består av en kappe 1 hvis endeflate er emitterende, idet en emitterende pille 2 av fortrinnsvis sintret proost, med bariumaluminat impregnert wolfram, er presset inn i et hulrom i kappen. Kappen 1 er på den side som vender fra den emitterende endeflate forsynt med et ringspor 3 i hvilket sylinderen 4 og stottestavene 5 er fastklemt.
For fastklemmingen kan stottestavene 5 være forenet til en enhet som vist på fig. 2.
Katoden kan på meget enkel måte fremstilles ved hjelp av anordningen på fig. 3» Sylinderen 4 som består av en til sylindrisk form boyet molybdenfolie med en tykkelse på f.eks. 25
til 30 /u>°g denne blir lagt inn mellom to sylindere 6 og 7 på en bunnflate 8. Deretter blir enheten av stottestavene 5 lagt inn i en utsparing på oversiden av sylindrene 6 og 7 og på denne enhet settes kappen 1 på sådan måte at den ovre ende av sylinderen 4 griper inn i ringsporet 3* Derved blir samtidig likeledes av molybden bestående stotteorganer 5 anbrakt mellom kanten av kappen 1 og kanten av sylinderen 4« Deretter blir den emitterende pille 2 lagt inn i hulrommet i kappen 1 og presset inn i dette ved hjelp av et sylindrisk stempel 9. Rundt stemplet 9 er en nu3. stempelsylinder 10 som er slisset på sådan måte at deler 11 er noe fjærende vinkelrett på akseretningen. Sylinderen 10 er omgitt av en trykksylinder 12 som presser delene 11 nedover og aksialt innover, slik at kanten av sporet 3 deformeres på sådan måte at på den ene side pillen 1 klemmes fast i hulrommet og på den annen side sylinderen 4 °g stotteor-ganene 5 klemmes fast i ringsporet 3- En sveiseoperasjon er derfor ikke nodvendig og bearbeidningen er derfor meget enkel.
Kappen 1 fremstilles ved dyptrekning av en molyb-denplate med en tykkelse på f.eks. 100 ^u, slik at kostbar utdreiing av hulrommet for å oppta pillen 2 faller bort. Hulrommet behover nemlig ikke være formet meget noyaktig, fordi pillen 2 fastklemmes som folge av deformering av ytterkanten av kappen 1. Dette gjelder også for sporet 3« Ved at såvel kappen 1 som sylinderen 4 °g stotte-organene 5 kan besta av molybden, og da de ikke kan bli sprode ved sveising, opptrer det ingen vanskeligheter som folge av forskjellige utvidelseskoeffisienter.
Stottestavene 5 kan også tilfores fra forrådsruller i aksialretning. Derved blir de.ikke forbundet med hverandre på midten av katoden. Videre kan det emitterende materiale når det presses inn i kappens hulrom formes til en pille. Ved at stottestavene 5 griper inn i kappen 1, belastes ikke sylinderen 4 mekanisk og kan derfor ha meget liten veggtykkelse.
Katoden ifolge oppfinnelsen kan f.eks. ha en ytre diameter på ca. 2 mm og egner seg særlig for anvendelse i en elektronstrålekanon for fjernsynsbilderbr. Katoden kan imidlertid også ha store dimensjoner og finne anvendelse i ror for meget hoye fre-kvenser, slik som vandrebolgerbr, refleksklystroner og liknende.
Claims (2)
1. Indirekte opphetbar katode for et elektrisk utladningsror, omfattende en kappe med emitterende endeflate, hvor kappen er festet på en sylinder i hvilken det befinner seg et hete-legeme, og hvor ved hjelp av stavformede stotteorganer er festet til et boreorgan, karakterisert ved at kappen (1) er skiveformet og på den side som vender fra den emitterende endeflate, er forsynt med et ringspor (3), i hvilket såvel enden av sylinderen (4) som de stavformede stotteorganer (5) er fastklemt.
2. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en katode ifolge krav 1, karakterisert ved at det emitterende materiale presses i et hulrom i kappen (1) og det ringformede spor (3) er fo.r-met slik at det emitterende materiale blir fastklemt i hulrommet i den emitterende endeflate, og enden av sylinderen (4) og de stavformede stotteorganer (5) blir fastklemt i ringsporet (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24499081A | 1981-03-26 | 1981-03-26 | |
PCT/US1985/001006 WO1986007065A1 (en) | 1981-03-26 | 1985-05-31 | Process for reducing sheeting during polymerization of alpha-olefins |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO870324L NO870324L (no) | 1987-01-27 |
NO870324D0 NO870324D0 (no) | 1987-01-27 |
NO167148B true NO167148B (no) | 1991-07-01 |
NO167148C NO167148C (no) | 1991-10-09 |
Family
ID=22188701
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO87870324A NO167148C (no) | 1981-03-26 | 1987-01-27 | Fremgangsmaate for reduksjon av arkdannelse under polymerisering av alfa-olefiner. |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4532311A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0224479B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPH075657B2 (no) |
KR (1) | KR920003839B1 (no) |
CN (1) | CN1007728B (no) |
AT (1) | ATE45750T1 (no) |
BR (1) | BR8507299A (no) |
DE (1) | DE3572495D1 (no) |
DK (1) | DK50787A (no) |
FI (1) | FI87358C (no) |
HU (1) | HU205026B (no) |
NO (1) | NO167148C (no) |
WO (1) | WO1986007065A1 (no) |
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CA995396A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1976-08-17 | Robert N. Johnson | Catalyst modified with strong reducing agent and silane compounds and use in polymerization of olefins |
GB1429174A (en) * | 1972-06-12 | 1976-03-24 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Polymerisation process and catalyst |
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US4182810A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1980-01-08 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Prevention of fouling in polymerization reactors |
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JPS564608A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-01-19 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Vapor-phase polymerization of olefin |
-
1984
- 1984-09-14 US US06/650,571 patent/US4532311A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-05-31 HU HU852891A patent/HU205026B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 EP EP85902902A patent/EP0224479B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-31 AT AT85902902T patent/ATE45750T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 CN CN85104124A patent/CN1007728B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-05-31 WO PCT/US1985/001006 patent/WO1986007065A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1985-05-31 JP JP60502400A patent/JPH075657B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-05-31 DE DE8585902902T patent/DE3572495D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-05-31 BR BR8507299A patent/BR8507299A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 KR KR1019870700081A patent/KR920003839B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-01-27 NO NO87870324A patent/NO167148C/no unknown
- 1987-01-30 FI FI870424A patent/FI87358C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-01-30 DK DK050787A patent/DK50787A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO870324L (no) | 1987-01-27 |
NO167148C (no) | 1991-10-09 |
NO870324D0 (no) | 1987-01-27 |
DK50787D0 (da) | 1987-01-30 |
DK50787A (da) | 1987-01-30 |
US4532311A (en) | 1985-07-30 |
EP0224479B1 (en) | 1989-08-23 |
FI870424A0 (fi) | 1987-01-30 |
FI87358B (fi) | 1992-09-15 |
BR8507299A (pt) | 1987-11-03 |
EP0224479A1 (en) | 1987-06-10 |
HUT43330A (en) | 1987-10-28 |
ATE45750T1 (de) | 1989-09-15 |
KR870700642A (ko) | 1987-12-30 |
WO1986007065A1 (en) | 1986-12-04 |
FI87358C (fi) | 1992-12-28 |
JPS63500176A (ja) | 1988-01-21 |
FI870424A (fi) | 1987-01-30 |
KR920003839B1 (ko) | 1992-05-15 |
CN85104124A (zh) | 1986-11-26 |
HU205026B (en) | 1992-03-30 |
DE3572495D1 (en) | 1989-09-28 |
CN1007728B (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
JPH075657B2 (ja) | 1995-01-25 |
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