NL1013189C2 - Apparaat en werkwijze voor het genereren van remkoppel in een wisselstroomaandrijving. - Google Patents

Apparaat en werkwijze voor het genereren van remkoppel in een wisselstroomaandrijving. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
NL1013189C2
NL1013189C2 NL1013189A NL1013189A NL1013189C2 NL 1013189 C2 NL1013189 C2 NL 1013189C2 NL 1013189 A NL1013189 A NL 1013189A NL 1013189 A NL1013189 A NL 1013189A NL 1013189 C2 NL1013189 C2 NL 1013189C2
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
frequency
loss
motor
inducing
control
Prior art date
Application number
NL1013189A
Other languages
English (en)
Dutch (nl)
Other versions
NL1013189A1 (nl
Inventor
Peter W Hammond
Mukul Rastogi
Original Assignee
Robicon Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robicon Corp filed Critical Robicon Corp
Publication of NL1013189A1 publication Critical patent/NL1013189A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL1013189C2 publication Critical patent/NL1013189C2/nl

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
NL1013189A 1998-10-02 1999-10-01 Apparaat en werkwijze voor het genereren van remkoppel in een wisselstroomaandrijving. NL1013189C2 (nl)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10297798P 1998-10-02 1998-10-02
US10297798 1998-10-02
US09/386,677 US6262555B1 (en) 1998-10-02 1999-08-31 Apparatus and method to generate braking torque in an AC drive
US38667799 1999-08-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NL1013189A1 NL1013189A1 (nl) 2000-04-04
NL1013189C2 true NL1013189C2 (nl) 2002-06-21

Family

ID=26799944

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NL1013189A NL1013189C2 (nl) 1998-10-02 1999-10-01 Apparaat en werkwijze voor het genereren van remkoppel in een wisselstroomaandrijving.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US6262555B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3435104B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1259774C (fr)
AU (1) AU754287B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9904417A (fr)
CA (1) CA2282802C (fr)
DE (1) DE19946428B4 (fr)
GB (1) GB2343306B (fr)
IT (1) IT1308237B1 (fr)
NL (1) NL1013189C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69901609T2 (de) * 1999-08-18 2002-11-21 Joachim Holtz Verfahren zur Bremsung eines feldorientiertbetriebenen Asynchronmotors, Regelungsvorrichtung zur Verfahrensausführung und Speichermedium
JP3946933B2 (ja) * 2000-05-26 2007-07-18 三菱電機株式会社 電流検出装置及び電流検出方法
DE10027441A1 (de) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung von Maschinenschäden
DE10055407A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-29 Grundfos As Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines frequenzumrichtergesteuerten Elektromotors sowie ein Motoraggregat mit integriertem Frequenzumrichtermotor
KR100421373B1 (ko) * 2001-06-20 2004-03-06 엘지전자 주식회사 동기 릴럭턴스 모터의 회전 속도 제어장치
US6737828B2 (en) * 2001-07-19 2004-05-18 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Washing machine motor drive device
US6636693B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-10-21 Otis Elevator Company DC motor matrix converter with field and armature circuits
JP2004158104A (ja) * 2002-11-06 2004-06-03 Funai Electric Co Ltd 光ディスク再生装置
US6828746B2 (en) * 2002-12-12 2004-12-07 General Electric Company Method and system using traction inverter for locked axle detection
DE10326328A1 (de) * 2003-06-11 2005-01-20 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bremsen einer drehzahlveränderbaren Asynchronmaschine
US7190146B1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2007-03-13 Magnetek, Inc. Control system and method for an overhead bridge crane
US6954366B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-10-11 Electric Power Research Institute Multifunction hybrid intelligent universal transformer
US7218068B2 (en) * 2004-08-31 2007-05-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power source for re-circulation pump and method of controlling the same
US7135833B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-11-14 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Motor control for flux-reduced braking
US7633775B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2009-12-15 General Electric Company Power conversion system and method
KR20080017031A (ko) * 2005-05-17 2008-02-25 지멘스 에너지 앤드 오토메이션 인코포레이티드 멀티 레벨 액티브 필터
US7508147B2 (en) * 2005-05-19 2009-03-24 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Variable-frequency drive with regeneration capability
US7307400B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2007-12-11 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Inverter operation with over-modulation
US7468595B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2008-12-23 Eaton Corporation System and method of controlling the start-up of an adjustable speed motor drive based sinusoidal output power conditioner
US20070085502A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Cargill, Incorporated Braking system and method
JP2008095909A (ja) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-24 Hitachi Ltd 電動ブレーキ装置
US8011270B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2011-09-06 Wabash Technologies, Inc. Integrated pedal assembly having a hysteresis mechanism
US7733615B2 (en) * 2007-04-30 2010-06-08 Powerohm Resistors, Inc. Dynamic braking load analyzer
US7902779B2 (en) * 2007-07-05 2011-03-08 Siemens Industry, Inc. System and method for limiting input voltage to a power delivery system having regeneration capability
US20090045782A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2009-02-19 General Electric Company Power conversion system
US8035332B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2011-10-11 General Electric Company Motor apparatus and method
US8279640B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2012-10-02 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Modular multi-pulse transformer rectifier for use in symmetric multi-level power converter
US7830681B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2010-11-09 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Modular multi-pulse transformer rectifier for use in asymmetric multi-level power converter
US20100090625A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Automotive system and power converter assembly with a braking circuit
US7940537B2 (en) * 2008-12-31 2011-05-10 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Partial regeneration in a multi-level power inverter
US8223515B2 (en) * 2009-02-26 2012-07-17 TECO—Westinghouse Motor Company Pre-charging an inverter using an auxiliary winding
US8154228B2 (en) * 2009-06-10 2012-04-10 Kollmorgen Corporation Dynamic braking for electric motors
US8711530B2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2014-04-29 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Pluggable power cell for an inverter
US8976526B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2015-03-10 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Providing a cooling system for a medium voltage drive system
US8575479B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2013-11-05 TECO—Westinghouse Motor Company Providing a transformer for an inverter
US8130501B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2012-03-06 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Pluggable power cell for an inverter
US8254076B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2012-08-28 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Providing modular power conversion
DE102009035998A1 (de) * 2009-07-27 2011-02-03 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fehlersicheren Überwachen einer Bewegungsgröße an einem elektrischen Antrieb
JP5013283B2 (ja) * 2010-02-17 2012-08-29 株式会社安川電機 マトリクスコンバータの制御装置
FI124139B (fi) 2011-01-19 2014-03-31 Vacon Oyj Sähkötehon siirtolaitteisto
RU2515474C2 (ru) * 2011-05-17 2014-05-10 Хонда Мотор Ко., Лтд. Инверторный генератор
US8601190B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2013-12-03 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Providing multiple communication protocols for a control system having a master controller and a slave controller
FR2977997B1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-07-12 Schneider Toshiba Inverter Procede de commande mis en oeuvre dans un variateur de vitesse pour controler la deceleration d'un moteur electrique en cas de coupure d'alimentation
KR101260608B1 (ko) * 2011-09-26 2013-05-03 엘에스산전 주식회사 고압 인버터의 순시정전 보상방법 및 이를 이용한 고압 인버터 시스템
JP2013117611A (ja) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-13 Canon Inc 画像形成装置
US9363930B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-06-07 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Passive two phase cooling solution for low, medium and high voltage drive systems
US9941813B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-10 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. High frequency multi-level inverter
US9083274B2 (en) 2013-04-08 2015-07-14 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Power stage precharging and dynamic braking apparatus for multilevel inverter
US9041327B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2015-05-26 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for overvoltage protection and reverse motor speed control for motor drive power loss events
US9153374B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2015-10-06 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Cooling arrangements for drive systems
US9318974B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2016-04-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Multi-level inverter with flying capacitor topology
CN107078679B (zh) * 2014-11-07 2020-03-31 株式会社日立产机系统 电力转换装置和电力转换装置的控制方法
RU2580508C1 (ru) * 2014-11-18 2016-04-10 Николай Петрович Чернов Способ управления торможением частотного электропривода с многоуровневым инвертором напряжения
US9787210B2 (en) 2015-01-14 2017-10-10 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Precharging apparatus and power converter
TWI578677B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2017-04-11 國立成功大學 電力轉換裝置及其控制方法
RU2654762C2 (ru) * 2016-06-21 2018-05-22 Николай Петрович Чернов Способ управления частотным электроприводом
GB2565059A (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-02-06 Edwards Ltd Induction motor control
CN110998122B (zh) * 2017-10-16 2022-02-11 瓦尔蒙特工业股份有限公司 用于灌溉机的电子制动系统
US11025052B2 (en) 2018-01-22 2021-06-01 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. SCR based AC precharge protection
CN109980995B (zh) * 2018-06-01 2020-07-28 清华大学 转矩分配的方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
WO2020142661A1 (fr) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Réduction de distorsion harmonique d'entrée dans une alimentation électrique
KR102608297B1 (ko) * 2019-03-26 2023-11-29 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 유도 전동기의 제어 시스템
US12074553B2 (en) 2019-10-23 2024-08-27 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for stopping electrically powered fracturing pumps
CN111591689A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2020-08-28 阿特钚锐秦皇岛科技有限公司 双向振动给料机控制电路、控制系统及双向振动给料机
RU2751534C1 (ru) * 2020-08-26 2021-07-14 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр" Преобразователь частоты
CN112366985B (zh) * 2020-11-18 2022-11-25 中冶赛迪电气技术有限公司 一种高压变频器快速叠频制动控制方法
US11901855B2 (en) 2021-06-17 2024-02-13 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Polyharmonic flux motor loss increase

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990001828A1 (fr) * 1988-08-08 1990-02-22 Digimoto Of Sweden Ab Procede de ralentissement d'un moteur a induction
US5625545A (en) * 1994-03-01 1997-04-29 Halmar Robicon Group Medium voltage PWM drive and method
US5729113A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-03-17 General Electric Company Sensorless rotor velocity estimation for induction motors

Family Cites Families (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607507A (en) 1968-01-02 1971-09-21 Monsanto Co Novel splicing method
US3628114A (en) * 1969-11-03 1971-12-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Sync acquisition system
US3609507A (en) 1970-05-05 1971-09-28 Garrett Corp Polyphase inverter system having fault protection and output amplitude regulation through pulse width modulation
US4039925A (en) 1976-06-10 1977-08-02 Nasa Phase substitution of spare converter for a failed one of parallel phase staggered converters
US4142136A (en) 1977-04-08 1979-02-27 Mollenberg-Betz Machine Company Control circuit for starting a motor
US4150425A (en) 1978-02-09 1979-04-17 Nasa Module failure isolation circuit for paralleled inverters
US4201938A (en) 1978-10-02 1980-05-06 Siemens-Allis, Inc. Voltage regulator which eliminates arcing during tap changes
JPS5840918B2 (ja) 1979-08-15 1983-09-08 ファナック株式会社 電動機の運転制御装置
DE3013473A1 (de) * 1980-04-08 1981-10-15 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und anordnung zur steuerung und regelung eines motors mit permanentmagnetischem laeufer
US4301489A (en) 1979-12-19 1981-11-17 Siemens-Allis, Inc. Arcless tap changer utilizing static switching
JPS609436B2 (ja) 1980-08-29 1985-03-09 株式会社東芝 交流電動機の制御方法
JPS57208895A (en) 1981-06-16 1982-12-22 Fanuc Ltd Controlling system of induction motor
JPS57208894A (en) 1981-06-16 1982-12-22 Fanuc Ltd Controlling system for induction motor
US4426611A (en) 1982-04-28 1984-01-17 General Electric Company Twelve pulse load commutated inverter drive system
US4634951A (en) 1982-11-19 1987-01-06 Square D Company Reduced voltage starter with voltage ramp control
US4520300A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-05-28 Fradella Richard B Brushless ultra-efficient regenerative servomechanism
DE3573694D1 (en) 1984-06-11 1989-11-16 Toshiba Kk Power converter for ac load
US5003242A (en) 1985-03-01 1991-03-26 Square D Company Reduced voltage starter
JPS62107698A (ja) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp インバ−タ装置の停電時停止回路
US4843296A (en) 1986-06-23 1989-06-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba AC motor drive apparatus
US4698738A (en) 1986-11-24 1987-10-06 Unisys Corporation Parallel connected power supplies having parallel connected control circuits which equalize output currents to a load even after one supply is turned off
US4788635A (en) 1987-02-04 1988-11-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Converter system combining a two-quadrant voltage-source rectifier and a four-quadrant voltage-source inverter, and a motor drive embodying the same
WO1988008639A1 (fr) 1987-04-30 1988-11-03 Fanuc Ltd Circuit de regeneration d'une source de courant
US4965847A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-10-23 Harnischfeger Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting deviation of motor speed from frequency of power supply
US4943890A (en) 1989-07-19 1990-07-24 Benshaw, Inc. Solid state motor starter
US5005115A (en) 1989-07-28 1991-04-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Forced-commutated current-source converter and AC motor drive using the same
US5008797A (en) 1989-12-20 1991-04-16 Sundstrand Corporation Power converter utilizing line replaceable units
DE9004125U1 (de) 1990-04-09 1990-06-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Antrieb für eine Aufzugstür
AU645070B2 (en) 1990-04-10 1994-01-06 Nb International Technologies Use of short chain fatty acid containing lipids to maintain gastrointestinal integrity and function in patients DO NOT SEAL - SEE LETTER DATED 22.03.94
JPH0491659A (ja) 1990-08-06 1992-03-25 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The 電力変換装置
US5047913A (en) 1990-09-17 1991-09-10 General Electric Company Method for controlling a power converter using an auxiliary resonant commutation circuit
US5073848A (en) 1990-11-21 1991-12-17 General Electric Company Power distribution system
US5319536A (en) 1991-12-17 1994-06-07 International Business Machines Corporation Power system for parallel operation of AC/DC convertrs
JPH06141559A (ja) 1992-10-22 1994-05-20 Toshiba Corp 電力変換装置
DE4238197A1 (de) 1992-11-12 1994-05-19 Abb Patent Gmbh Mehrsystemfahrzeug
JP3063817B2 (ja) * 1993-12-21 2000-07-12 セイコーエプソン株式会社 シリアルプリンタ
US5638263A (en) 1994-03-01 1997-06-10 Halmar Robicon Group Low and medium voltage PWM AC/DC power conversion method and apparatus
US5517464A (en) * 1994-05-04 1996-05-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Integrated modulator and turbine-generator for a measurement while drilling tool
US5594636A (en) 1994-06-29 1997-01-14 Northrop Grumman Corporation Matrix converter circuit and commutating method
KR100347197B1 (ko) 1994-07-11 2002-09-18 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 직접 교류 변환기
DE4434378C1 (de) 1994-09-15 1996-05-09 Aeg Schienenfahrzeuge Verfahren zur Regelung eines als Netzstromrichter fungierenden Vierquadrantenstellers
DE4435351C1 (de) 1994-09-21 1996-03-21 Aeg Schienenfahrzeuge Verfahren zur Regelung eines als Netzstromrichter fungierenden Vierquadrantenstellers
JPH08317693A (ja) 1995-05-19 1996-11-29 Toshiba Eng Co Ltd 直流電圧供給装置
JP3244213B2 (ja) * 1995-06-28 2002-01-07 東洋電機製造株式会社 電気車制御方法
US5646498A (en) 1995-08-07 1997-07-08 Eaton Corporation Conducted emission radiation suppression in inverter drives
JP2857094B2 (ja) 1995-12-28 1999-02-10 株式会社東芝 三相整流装置
US5619407A (en) 1996-02-06 1997-04-08 Robicon Corporation Autotransformer
US5708576A (en) 1996-07-10 1998-01-13 Sundstrand Corporation Fault tolerant power converter
JP3302277B2 (ja) 1996-11-29 2002-07-15 株式会社東芝 インバータ装置
JP3376227B2 (ja) 1996-12-09 2003-02-10 株式会社東芝 インバータ装置
US6215261B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2001-04-10 General Electric Company Application specific integrated circuit for controlling power devices for commutating a motor based on the back emf of motor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990001828A1 (fr) * 1988-08-08 1990-02-22 Digimoto Of Sweden Ab Procede de ralentissement d'un moteur a induction
US5625545A (en) * 1994-03-01 1997-04-29 Halmar Robicon Group Medium voltage PWM drive and method
US5729113A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-03-17 General Electric Company Sensorless rotor velocity estimation for induction motors

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C. GRANTHAM: "Dynamic Braking of Induction Motors", JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECRONICS ENGINEERING, AUSTRALIA, vol. 5, no. 1, March 1985 (1985-03-01), pages 166 - 171, XP008000172 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM990603A0 (it) 1999-10-01
CA2282802A1 (fr) 2000-04-02
CA2282802C (fr) 2008-09-09
ITRM990603A1 (it) 2001-04-01
DE19946428A1 (de) 2000-04-27
AU754287B2 (en) 2002-11-14
US6417644B2 (en) 2002-07-09
US20010019253A1 (en) 2001-09-06
AU5012699A (en) 2000-04-06
JP2000116166A (ja) 2000-04-21
CN1250245A (zh) 2000-04-12
BR9904417A (pt) 2000-08-15
GB2343306B (en) 2002-08-28
IT1308237B1 (it) 2001-12-10
US6262555B1 (en) 2001-07-17
GB2343306A (en) 2000-05-03
CN1259774C (zh) 2006-06-14
DE19946428B4 (de) 2017-11-16
NL1013189A1 (nl) 2000-04-04
JP3435104B2 (ja) 2003-08-11
GB9922582D0 (en) 1999-11-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NL1013189C2 (nl) Apparaat en werkwijze voor het genereren van remkoppel in een wisselstroomaandrijving.
JP4433099B1 (ja) 電力変換装置
US6839249B2 (en) AC-to-ac power converter without a dc link capacitor
CN112542955B (zh) 功率转换系统、控制器及计算机可读介质
US4843296A (en) AC motor drive apparatus
CN104124883A (zh) 电力转换系统和控制电力转换系统的方法
JPS63287397A (ja) 誘導電動機の制御装置
EP2719888A1 (fr) Démarreur/générateur pour un bus dual à courant continu
JP2624793B2 (ja) Ｐｗｍ昇圧コンバータの制御装置
Shehada et al. An improved CSI fed induction motor drive
Kwon et al. Three-phase PWM synchronous rectifiers without line-voltage sensors
JP2004320964A (ja) 電力変換システム
JP2004080855A (ja) 電力変換装置
WO2024057633A1 (fr) Convertisseur de régénération de puissance
JP7415969B2 (ja) 回転電機制御システム
JPH10146093A (ja) スイッチドリラクタンスモータの制御装置
JP2003033039A (ja) 多重接続した自励式変換器の制御装置
JPS62135203A (ja) 交流電気車の制動方法
Dick New technology for speed control of wound rotor motors
SU1440765A1 (ru) Способ пуска асинхронных электродвигателей вспомогательных машин электроподвижного состава
Trzynadlowski et al. Scalar control of induction motors
JP2005348573A (ja) 電力変換装置
JPH0349590A (ja) 電力変換装置の制御装置
JPS63314193A (ja) 電動機の磁束制御方法
JPS6036717B2 (ja) 電気車の速度制御装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AD1A A request for search or an international type search has been filed
RD2N Patents in respect of which a decision has been taken or a report has been made (novelty report)

Effective date: 20020211

PD2B A search report has been drawn up
SD Assignments of patents

Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION, INC.

Effective date: 20051011

V1 Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20110501