KR20220009492A - 3차원 배터리들을 위한 분리기들 - Google Patents
3차원 배터리들을 위한 분리기들 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 내부 구성을 보여주기 위해 절단된 부위들을 가진 본 발명의 전극 구조의 일 실시예의 사시도이다.
도 3은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 단편적 단면도이다.
도 4는 도 2의 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 5는 라인 5를 따라 취해진 도 4의 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 평면도이다.
도 6은 라인 6을 따라 취해진 도 4의 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 평면도이다.
도 7은 도 5의 라인 7-7을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 단면도이다.
도 8은 도 6의 라인 8-8을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 단면도이다.
도 9는 내부 구성을 보여주기 위해 절단된 부위들을 가진 도 2의 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 10은 본 발명의 3차원 2차 전지의 분해도이다.
도 11은 조립된 도 10의 3차원 2차 전지의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 12는 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 13은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 14는 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 15는 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 16은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 17은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 18은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 19는 내부 구성을 보여주기 위해 절단된 부위들을 가진 도 2의 전극 구조의 부분 조립체의 대안 실시예의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 20은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 21은 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 22는 라인 3-3을 포함하는 평면에서 취해진 도 2의 전극 구조의 단면의 대안 실시예이다.
도 23은 내부 구성을 보여주기 위해 절단된 부위들을 가진 라인 5를 따라 취해진 도 4의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 부분 조립체의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 24는 내부 구성을 보여주기 위해 절단된 부위들을 가진 라인 6을 따라 취해진 도 4의 전극 구조의 대안 실시예의 부분 조립체의 단편적 사시도이다.
도 25a-e는 본 발명의 전극(양극 또는 음극)의 대안 실시예들의 단면도들이다.
도 26은 본 발명의 전극 스택의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
도 27은 본 발명의 전극 스택의 대안 실시예의 단면도이다.
대응하는 참조 캐릭터들은 도면 전체에 걸쳐서 대응하는 부위들을 표시한다.
Claims (25)
- 전극 활물질 층을 갖는 전극들의 집단과 상대 전극 활물질 층을 갖는 상대 전극들의 집단을 포함하는 전극 구조로서,
상기 전극들의 집단은 제1 방향을 따라 상기 상대 전극들의 집단과 교호하는 시퀀스로 배열되고,
상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버는 바닥부, 상부, 길이 LE, 폭 WE, 높이 HE, 및 각각의 그와 같은 멤버의 상기 바닥부로부터 상기 상부로 또한 상기 제1 방향을 가로지르는 방향으로 연장하는 종축 AE를 갖고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 길이 LE는 그것의 종축 AE의 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 폭 WE는 상기 제1 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 높이 HE는 각각의 그와 같은 멤버의 종축 AE에 수직인 방향 및 상기 제1 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 WE와 HE의 각각에 대한 LE의 비는 제각기 적어도 5:1이고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 WE에 대한 HE의 비는 제각기 0.4:1과 1000:1 사이에 있고,
상기 전극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버의 종축 AE는 전기적 절연성 분리기 층에 의해 둘러싸이고, 상기 전기적 절연성 분리기 층은
(i) 상기 전극과 상대 전극 집단들의 인접한 멤버들의 대향하는 측면들 사이의 영역에 배치된 미세다공성 분리기 물질을 포함하는 제1 절연성 물질, 및
(ii) 상기 전극 집단의 멤버들의 상기 상부 및 바닥부의 하나 이상의 표면들을 따른 제2 절연성 물질을 포함하고,
상기 제2 절연성 물질은 상기 제1 절연성 물질보다 낮은 캐리어 이온들에 대한 도전율을 가지고,
상기 미세다공성 분리기 물질은 미립자 물질 및 바인더를 포함하며 적어도 20 vol%의 공극률을 가지는 전극 구조. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극 집단의 멤버들과 상기 상대 전극 집단의 멤버들 사이의 상기 미세다공성 분리기 물질은 상기 전기적 절연성 분리기 층의 적어도 70 vol%를 구성하는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 미세다공성 분리기 물질은 1 x 10-4 S/cm 미만의 캐리어 이온들에 대한 도전율을 가지는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전기적 절연성 분리기 층은 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 길이 LE의 적어도 70%에 대해 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 상기 종축 AE를 둘러싸는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 각각의 상기 전극과 상기 상대 전극 집단들은 적어도 50 멤버를 포함하는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, LE는 약 10 ㎜ 내지 약 250 ㎜의 범위 내의 값을 가지고,
WE는 약 0.01 ㎜ 내지 약 2.5 ㎜의 범위 내의 값을 가지며,
HE는 약 0.05 mm 내지 약 10 ㎜ 범위 내의 값을 갖는 전극 구조. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 각각의 WE와 HE에 대한 LE의 비는 제각기 적어도 10:1인 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 단면은 주위 길이 PE를 가지고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 PE에 대한 LE의 비는 제각기 적어도 1.25:1 인 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 상대 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버는 바닥부, 상부, 길이 LCE, 폭 WCE, 높이 HCE, 및 각각의 그와 같은 멤버의 상기 바닥부로부터 상기 상부로 그리고 상기 제1 방향을 가로지르는 방향으로 연장하는 종축 ACE를 포함하고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 길이 LCE는 그 종축 ACE 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 폭 WCE는 상기 제1 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 높이 HCE는 각각의 그와 같은 멤버의 종축 ACE와 상기 제1 방향에 수직인 방향으로 측정되고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 WCE와 HCE의 각각에 대한 LCE의 비는 제각기 적어도 5:1이고, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 WCE에 대한 HCE의 비는 제각기 0.4:1과 1000:1 사이에 있는 전극 구조.
- 제9항에 있어서, LCE는 약 10 ㎜ 내지 약 250 ㎜의 범위 내의 값을 가지고,
WCE는 약 0.01 ㎜ 내지 2.5 ㎜의 범위 내의 값을 가지며,
HCE는 약 0.05 mm 내지 약 10 ㎜ 범위 내의 값을 갖는 전극 구조. - 제9항에 있어서, 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 각각의 WCE와 HCE에 대한 LCE의 비는 제각기 적어도 10:1인 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 상대 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버의 단면은 주위 길이 PCE를 갖고, 상기 상대 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대한 PCE에 대한 LCE의 비는 제각기 적어도 1.25:1 인 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 전극 백본을 더 포함하는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 전극 전류 컬렉터 층을 포함하는 전극 구조.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 전극 전류 컬렉터 층과 상기 전극 활물질 층은 전기 컨덕턴스를 가지고, 상기 전극 활물질 층의 상기 전기 컨덕턴스에 대한 상기 전극 전류 컬렉터 층의 상기 전기 컨덕턴스의 비는 상기 전극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버에 대해 제각기 적어도 100:1 인 전극 구조.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 전극들의 집단은 음극들의 집단이고, 상기 상대 전극들의 집단은 양극들의 집단이며, 상기 전극 활물질 층은 음극 활물질 층이고, 상기 전극 전류 컬렉터 층은 음극 전류 컬렉터 층인 전극 구조.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 음극 활물질 층은 탄소, 알루미늄, 주석, 실리콘 또는 이것들의 합금을 포함하는 전극 구조.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 음극 활물질 층은 실리콘의 나노 와이어들 또는 이것들의 합금, 또는 다공성 실리콘 또는 이것의 합금을 포함하는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극 구조는 상기 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버가 직접적으로 부착되는 표면을 갖는 전극 기판 및 상기 상대 전극 집단의 각각의 멤버가 부착되는 표면을 갖는 상대 전극 기판을 더 포함하고, 상기 전극 기판 표면과 상기 상대 전극 기판 표면은 상기 제1 방향과 실질적으로 평행한 대향하는 표면들인 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극들의 집단은 음극들의 집단이고, 상기 상대 전극들의 집단은 양극들의 집단이고, 상기 음극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 음극 활물질 층 및 음극 전류 컬렉터 층을 포함하고, 상기 음극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 바닥부, 상부, 길이 LNE, 폭 WNE, 및 높이 HNE를 포함하고, 상기 길이 LNE는 각각의 그와 같은 음극의 상기 바닥부로부터 상기 상부까지 측정되고, 상기 폭 WNE 및 상기 높이 HNE는 서로에게 및 상기 길이 LNE의 상기 측정 방향에 수직인 방향들로 측정되고, 각각의 WNE와 HNE에 대한 LNE의 비는 제각기 적어도 5:1이고, WNE에 대한 HNE의 비는 0.4:1과 1000:1 사이에 있고, 상기 집단의 각각의 멤버의 상기 음극 전류 컬렉터 층은 LNE와 동일 방향으로 측정되고 LNE의 적어도 50%인 길이 LNC를 가지는 전극 구조.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전극들의 집단은 양극들의 집단이고, 상기 상대 전극들의 집단은 음극들의 집단이고, 상기 양극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 양극 활물질 층 및 양극 전류 컬렉터 층을 포함하고, 상기 양극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버는 바닥부, 상부, 길이 LPE, 폭 WPE, 및 높이 HPE 를 포함하고, 상기 길이 LPE 는 각각의 그와 같은 양극의 상기 바닥부로부터 상기 상부까지 측정되고, 상기 폭 WPE 및 상기 높이 HPE는 서로에게 및 상기 길이 LPE의 상기 측정 방향에 수직인 방향들로 측정되고, 각각의 WPE와 HPE에 대한 LPE의 비는 제각기 적어도 5:1이고, WPE에 대한 HPE의 비는 제각기 0.4:1과 1000:1 사이에 있고, 상기 양극들의 집단의 각각의 멤버의 상기 양극 전류 컬렉터 층은 LPE와 동일 방향으로 측정되고 LPE의 적어도 50%인 길이 LPC를 가지는 전극 구조.
- 전극 스택으로서, 상기 스택은 적어도 2개의 전극 구조를 포함하고, 각각의 상기 전극 구조들은 제1항의 전극 구조를 포함하는 전극 스택.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 전극 구조들은 수직으로 적층되고, 그에 의해 상기 전극 스택에서 제1 전극 구조가 포함하는 양극 및 음극의 집단들은 상기 전극 스택에서 제2 전극 구조가 포함하는 양극 및 음극의 집단들과는 상이한 평면에 놓여 있는 전극 스택.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 전극 구조들은 수평으로 배열되며, 그에 의해 상기 전극 스택에서 제1 전극 구조가 포함하는 양극 및 음극의 집단들은 상기 전극 스택에서 제2 전극 구조가 포함하는 양극 및 음극의 집단들과 실질적으로 동일 평면에 놓여 있는 전극 스택.
- 배터리 인클로저, 비수성 전해질 및 제1항의 전극 구조를 포함하는 2차 전지.
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