JP5664114B2 - 溶融塩電池 - Google Patents
溶融塩電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5664114B2 JP5664114B2 JP2010235762A JP2010235762A JP5664114B2 JP 5664114 B2 JP5664114 B2 JP 5664114B2 JP 2010235762 A JP2010235762 A JP 2010235762A JP 2010235762 A JP2010235762 A JP 2010235762A JP 5664114 B2 JP5664114 B2 JP 5664114B2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkali metal cation Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0459—Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3981—Flat cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
- H01M50/466—U-shaped, bag-shaped or folded
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
また、積層した正極同士及び負極同士を並列的に接続するため、電池電圧が変わらずに電池容量が増大する。
また、正極が負極と共に電池容器に収容された場合、導体からなる電池容器と負極が電気的に導通したときであっても、電池容器を介して正極及び負極間が短絡することが未然に防止される。
従って、大容量且つ高エネルギー密度の溶融塩電池とすることが可能となる。
(実施の形態1)
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る溶融塩電池の要部構成を模式的に示す斜視図、図2は積層した発電要素の構成を模式的に示す横断面図、図3のAは本発明の実施の形態1に係る溶融塩電池の構成を模式的に示す上面図、Bは同溶融塩電池の構成を模式的に示す縦断面図である。
正極41,41,・・41は、アルミ合金の多孔質体を集電体とし、該集電体にバインダと導電助剤と正極活物質であるNaCrO2 とを含む合剤を充填して、約1mmの板厚に形成してある。正極41,41,・・41の縦方向及び横方向夫々の寸法は、デンドライトの発生を防止するために、負極21,21,・・21の縦方向及び横方向の寸法より小さくしてあり、正極41,41,・・41の外縁が、セパレータ31,31,・・31を介して負極21,21,・・21の周縁部に対向するようになっている。尚、正極41の集電体は、例えば、繊維状のアルミからなる不織布であってもよい。
次に、溶融塩電池に対する充放電について説明する。
図4は、正極活物質に対してナトリウムイオンが移動する様子を模式的に示す説明図である。図中410は粒状の正極活物質であり、正極活物質410は、溶融塩電池の充電に伴ってナトリウムイオン60を放出し、放電に伴ってナトリウムイオン60が挿入される。
以上は、正極活物質410をミクロに見た場合の考察であるが、正極41全体をマクロに見た場合にも同様のことが言える。
図6は、正極41を厚さ方向に複数枚に分割した場合の容量密度を示す図表である。図6における正極41は、線径が100μmの繊維状のアルミからなる不織布(単位面積あたりの重量:550g/m2 )を集電体とし、平均の粒径が約10μmのNaCrO2 を含む合剤を集電体の隙間に充填してある。電解質はFSIとナトリウム及びカリウムとからなる溶融塩である。また、図6におけるセパレータ31は、厚さが約200μmのガラスペーパからなる。負極21は、厚さが100μmのアルミ箔を集電体とし、厚さが約20μmの錫メッキ層を集電体の両面に夫々形成してある。正極41及び負極21は、約100mm角の矩形平板状をなしている。
(イ)充放電の時間率が0.1C程度より小さい場合、正極41の厚さを0.1mmから5mmの範囲で変化させても、容量密度の変化がほぼ1.5〜2.5倍以内に抑えられる。
(ロ)正極41の厚さが2mm及び5mmより厚い場合、容量密度の著しい低下を防止するために、充放電の時間率を夫々0.5C及び0.1Cより小さくしなければならない。
また、積層した正極同士及び負極同士を並列的に接続するため、電池電圧が変わらずに電池容量が増大する。
従って、大容量且つ高エネルギー密度とすることが可能となる。
実施の形態1が、セパレータ31,31,・・31を介して交互に積層された正極41,41,・・41及び負極21,21,・・21をそのまま電池容器10に収容する形態であるのに対し、実施の形態2は、電池容器10の内側から正極41,41,・・41及び/又は負極21,21,・・21を押圧する形態である。
21 負極
31 セパレータ
41 正極
6 溶融塩
8 板バネ(押圧部材)
9 押え板
10 電池容器
Claims (2)
- 溶融塩を含んでなるセパレータを正極及び負極間に介装させた溶融塩電池において、
前記セパレータ、正極及び負極を夫々複数備え、
前記溶融塩は、FSI(ビスフルオロスルフォニルイミド)系又はTFSI(ビストリフルオロメチルスルフォニルイミド)系のアニオンと、ナトリウム及び/又はカリウムのカチオンとを含み、
前記正極は、NaCrO 2 からなる正極活物質を有しており、厚さが0.5mm〜2mmであり、
前記セパレータは、袋状をなし、
前記正極を前記セパレータ中に各別に収容して、前記正極及び負極を交互に積層してあり、
前記正極同士及び負極同士を並列的に接続してあること
を特徴とする溶融塩電池。 - 前記セパレータ、正極及び負極を収容する電池容器と、
該電池容器内の前記正極及び/又は負極側に押圧部材とを備え、
該押圧部材で前記電池容器の内側から前記正極及び/又は負極を押圧するようにしてあること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶融塩電池。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010235762A JP5664114B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | 溶融塩電池 |
US13/879,962 US9269941B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | Molten salt battery |
KR1020137012026A KR101757511B1 (ko) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | 용융염 전지 |
CN201180050161.6A CN103168385B (zh) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | 熔盐电池 |
PCT/JP2011/074061 WO2012053555A1 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | 溶融塩電池 |
TW100137886A TW201232880A (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | Molten salt battery |
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JP2010235762A JP5664114B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | 溶融塩電池 |
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JP2012089381A JP2012089381A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
JP5664114B2 true JP5664114B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
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JP2010235762A Active JP5664114B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | 溶融塩電池 |
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---|---|
US (1) | US9269941B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5664114B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101757511B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103168385B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201232880A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012053555A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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JP2012109198A (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-06-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 溶融塩電池 |
JP6416765B2 (ja) | 2012-08-16 | 2018-10-31 | エノビクス・コーポレイションEnovix Corporation | 3次元電池のための電極構造体 |
KR102512505B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-03-22 | 에노빅스 코오퍼레이션 | 3차원 배터리들을 위한 분리기들 |
EP3295507B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2020-08-19 | Enovix Corporation | Longitudinal constraints for energy storage devices |
SG10202106068XA (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2021-07-29 | Enovix Corp | Dimensional constraints for three-dimensional batteries |
WO2018093965A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | Enovix Corporation | Three-dimensional batteries with compressible cathodes |
US10256507B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2019-04-09 | Enovix Corporation | Constrained electrode assembly |
SG11202004398WA (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2020-06-29 | Enovix Corp | Electrode assembly, secondary battery, and method of manufacture |
US11211639B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2021-12-28 | Enovix Corporation | Electrode assembly manufacture and device |
CN110890539B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-04-20 | 西安交通大学 | 一种软包金属石墨中温储能电池及其制备方法 |
EP4200921A1 (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2023-06-28 | Enovix Corporation | Processes for delineating a population of electrode structures in a web using a laser beam |
CN116783744A (zh) | 2020-12-09 | 2023-09-19 | 艾诺维克斯公司 | 用于制造二次电池的电极组合件的方法及装置 |
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JP2004253289A (ja) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-09 | Hitachi Ltd | ナトリウム硫黄電池およびその運転方法 |
US8257868B2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2012-09-04 | Kyoto University | Molten salt composition and use thereof |
JP4599314B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-22 | 2010-12-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 |
US9281539B2 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2016-03-08 | Kawasakai Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrical storage device including fiber electrode, and method of fabricating the same |
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JP2012109198A (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-06-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 溶融塩電池 |
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CN103168385A (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
US9269941B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
JP2012089381A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
WO2012053555A1 (ja) | 2012-04-26 |
KR101757511B1 (ko) | 2017-07-12 |
TW201232880A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
CN103168385B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
US20130202942A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
KR20130130715A (ko) | 2013-12-02 |
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