KR101634587B1 - Cultivation method of termitomyces - Google Patents

Abstract

The termite mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention not only promotes the mycelial growth of termite mushroom but also produces a species similar to the nutritional component of termite house by inoculating the termite mushroom strain into a medium containing various components in a specific amount, (A) preparing a medium for termite mushroom cultivation; (b) sterilizing the termite mushroom cultivation medium in a container; (c) inoculating said container with a termite mushroom strain; (d) culturing the termite mushroom species; (e) growing the cultured termite mushroom; And (f) harvesting the cultivated termite mushroom, wherein the termite mushroom cultivation medium is a mixture of sawdust, corncobs, wheat bran, corn meal, bean curd and lime, and comprises calcium carbonate and cottonseed shells .

Description

Cultivation method of termitomyces {

The present invention relates to a method for growing termite mushroom.

Mushrooms are generic names called fungi that form fruiting bodies of sizes that can be visually identified among fungi. The kinds of edible mushrooms that are generally cultivated are mushroom mushroom, mushroom mushroom, mushroom mushroom, mushroom mushroom, oyster mushroom , Shiitake mushroom, taste mushroom, termite mushroom.

In particular, Termite mushroom is a kind of rare wild mushroom which is mainly distributed in the southern part of China, namely Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian. It has been used for edible and medicinal purposes in China since 2000, Techniques such as highly valuable mushrooms and the possibility of artificial cultivation of termite mushroom by making a species similar to the nutritional composition of a termite house in Korea are unknown.

Korean Patent No. 10-1385540 discloses a method for cultivating a mushroom and a method for producing the mushroom. The method comprises the steps of (a) preparing a strain native to Pinus koraiensis, (b) preparing a medium, (c) (D) culturing the strain inoculated in the culture medium in step (c), (e) culturing the strain cultured in step (d) Wherein the medium is a mixture of 70 to 80% by weight of sawdust, 15 to 30% by weight of borit powder, 1 to 5% by weight of scavenging agent, and 1 to 5% by weight of rice bran in the step (b) By weight of water, 92 to 97% by weight of water and 3 to 8% by weight of ginseng sap.

Korean Patent No. 10-2006-0077250 relates to a method of cultivating mushrooms. In the method of cultivating mushrooms, a first step (separation of bacteria): a glass pipe is set up in a Ringer's bottle (agar diameter 18 mm) And then cultured for 4 days at 20 ~ 23 ° C. Then, the mycelium that came out of the glass pipe was sampled, and the sampled mycelia was again subjected to the above operation (a glass pipe was set up in a ringer bottle (diameter 18 mm) After the bacteria were separated, the second step (preparation of medium): 1 kg of wheat bran, 1 kg of corn mill, and 2 g of corn mill were added. , 1 kg of sawdust, 1 kg of corn cob, and a small amount of calcium carbonate. Then, 6 kg of water was added to a stirrer to prepare a culture medium. Then, the third step (culture) In the cultivation vessel containing the medium prepared in the second step After incubation, the cells are autoclaved, then cooled to 15 ° C, and inoculated, the mycelium is incubated for about 60 days, then aged for 25 to 35 days at low temperature (0 to 3 ° C) After scraping, mushrooms are grown at about 14 ° C for 15-20 hours.

Thus, in the conventional technology, the mushroom cultivation methods such as the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, the mushroom, However, it can be seen that there is no way to cultivate termite mushroom without termite by making a species similar to the nutritional composition of termite house, which is suitable for Korean climate and soil environment by changing the content range of constituents and temperature .

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1385540 Korean Patent No. 10-2006-0077250

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of culturing termite mushroom by inoculating a medium containing various components in a specific amount, thereby promoting mycelial growth of termite mushroom, The purpose of this study is to provide a method of cultivating termite mushroom which is capable of artificial cultivation by cultivating a species.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating termite mushroom, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a medium for termite mushroom cultivation; (b) sterilizing the termite mushroom cultivation medium in a container; (c) inoculating said container with a termite mushroom strain; (d) culturing the termite mushroom species; (e) growing the cultured termite mushroom; And (f) harvesting the cultivated termite mushroom, wherein the termite mushroom cultivation medium is a mixture of sawdust, corncobs, wheat bran, corn meal, bean curd and lime, and comprises calcium carbonate and cottonseed shells .

As described above, the termite mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a culture medium for termite mushroom cultivation; (b) sterilizing the termite mushroom cultivation medium in a container; (c) inoculating said container with a termite mushroom strain; (d) culturing the termite mushroom species; (e) growing the cultured termite mushroom; And (f) harvesting the cultivated termite mushroom, wherein the termite mushroom cultivation medium comprises sawdust, corn kernels, wheat bran, corn flour, bean curd and lime, and comprises calcium carbonate and cottonseed shells, It has the effect of cultivating termite mushrooms through the medium suitable for the climate and soil of Korea, making the species similar to the nutrients of the termite house.

1 shows a method of cultivating termite mushroom according to the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is capable of many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, To fully disclose the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

Termite mushrooms are also called mushrooms. They grow together with ants as nutrients. As termites mushrooms are used for food, termites mushrooms grow only near termites. Termite mushroom is one of the delicacies in the tropics.

More specifically, termite mushroom has a fresh, refreshing aroma, crunchy and luxurious taste, and contains not only amino acids, proteins and fats necessary for the human body but also vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, etc. which are beneficial to the human body. The effect is very high. Especially, it contains abundant polysaccharide substances, and it can not only play a health supporting role of reducing immune increase, blood sugar and blood fat, but it is also rich in natural vegetable protein. Especially, there are 8 kinds of essential amino acids necessary for all, Histidine is also included.

However, this termite mushroom is mainly cultivated only in China or only in a limited area. Therefore, it is not known how to grow termite mushroom by promoting termite mushroom species without termite, The cultivation methods suitable for growth of termite mushroom such as soil and other growth environment are not well known.

The method for growing termite mushroom according to the present invention comprises the steps of (a) preparing a medium, (b) sterilizing, (c) inoculating, (d) culturing, (e) f) may include a harvesting step.

(a) Medium preparation step

The medium preparation step can be prepared by mixing sawdust, corn syrup, wheat bran, corn flour, bean curd and lime, and including calcium carbonate and cottonseed shells.

At this time, 10 to 35% by weight of sawdust, 10 to 35% by weight of corn shavings, 15 to 25% by weight of wheat bran, 1 to 15% by weight of corn flour, 1 to 15% 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of calcium carbonate and 25 to 40% by weight of cottonseed shell are mixed and pulverized to a size of 1 to 5 cm and then heat-treated at 100 to 150 ° C for 1 to 3 hours. Next, the heat-treated mixture is dried and molded to have a water content of 60 to 80%, whereby a culture medium can be produced.

The thus prepared medium can be used by putting 1 to 2 kg into a container made of polyethylene vinyl, plastic or the like and sealing it with a stopper.

Sawdust is used as a basic medium and serves as a passage for supplying water and oxygen. Such sawdust may be sawdust, sawdust, sawdust or cottonwood sawdust cut to a size of 1 to 5 mm, preferably having a moisture content of 14 to 18% and a pH of 7 to 10, By weight and 10 to 35% by weight, respectively. If the sawdust is out of the above range, the growth rate of hyphae may be slowed down.

Corn seeds contain nutrients necessary for the growth of the herb, and serve as nutrients. At this time, it is preferable to use a corn seed which is well dried and not moldy, and it may be contained in an amount of 10 to 35% by weight based on 100% by weight of the whole. If it is out of the range, the growth rate of hyphae may be slowed down.

Wheat bran is a by-product obtained by refining wheat husks or wheat. It improves the pore size of the medium, has a protein content of 8 to 11% and contains about 2% of fat, thereby accelerating the growth of mushroom mycelium. In this case, the bran is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight based on 100% by weight of the whole bran. If the bran content is out of the above range, the growth of the mushroom mycelium may be slowed.

The corn flour has a high content of starch above 80% and a high fat content in the embryo, while the crude fiber content is low and it has good durability and helps to grow the termite mushroom mycelium. At this time, the corn meal preferably has a moisture content of 10 to 15%, a size of 5 to 15 mm, and a content of 1 to 15% by weight based on 100% If the content of the corn flour exceeds the above range, the growth rate of mycelia may be slowed down.

Bean curd refuse can be used as fertilizer, and it is good to use enough oil. It is used instead of chemical fertilizer to reduce the production cost and has environment-friendly effect. The soybean curd is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight based on 100% by weight of the whole, and the effect of the fertilizer may be insufficient if the soybean curd content is out of the above range.

The lime is an alkaline fertilizer, which can adjust the pH of the medium, has a germicidal effect and can remove germs and is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total, In case of termite mushroom production is reduced and termite mushroom does not grow well because pH is not right.

It may further comprise calcium carbonate or cottonseed peels.

First, calcium bicarbonate is obtained by filtration, drying and finely pulverizing precipitates formed by blowing carbon dioxide into lime oil and is used as fertilizer.

In the present invention, calcium carbonate is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. If the content of calcium carbonate is less than the above range, the effect of fertilizer is insignificant and the production of termite mushroom may be reduced. If the content of calcium carbonate exceeds the above range, the soil may be contaminated.

Next, the cottonseed shell is fresh, preferably not contaminated with fungus or pests, and is used as feed or fertilizer without oil.

In the present invention, the cottonseed shell is preferably contained in an amount of 25 to 40% by weight based on the total weight, and if the content of the cottonseed shell is out of the above range, the growth rate of the mycelium may be slowed down.

In addition, one or more of sugar components, ginseng components, and selenium may be further mixed.

The sugar component may be sugar, molasses and beet pulp, and the like. Sugar is used as an organic carbon source that promotes the recovery and growth of hyphae and provides energy to recover mycelia that can not absorb the nutrients of the medium in a short time. Molasses is a byproduct of the production of sugar from sugarcane and can act as a nutrient source for microbial growth to improve the carbon source and physical properties. Beet pulp is a by-product of sugar beet, The composition prevents drying of the culture medium composition and also contains nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and the like, thereby providing excellent nutrients for mushroom cultivation. In addition, since bit pits are relatively inexpensive, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

The components of ginseng may be ginseng, ginseng and ginseng crumbs. Ginseng and ginseng are the root roots of ginseng, which is widely distributed in saponin. By providing saponin component to mushroom, saponin-containing mushroom can be directly grown. At this time, saponin is a component called jinse-no-saide, and has various pharmacological actions such as antitumor action, anti-fatigue action, mental stabilization action and aging inhibition action. In addition, Misham can be added in powder form to allow the termite mushroom to absorb the saponin component with higher efficiency.

In addition, selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, and particularly when inorganic selenium is absorbed into the plant, it has antioxidant activity. However, when the inorganic selenium is ingested by itself, it is toxic. However, when it is absorbed in crops or mushrooms, it is combined with methionine and cysteine, which are amino acids in the plant, to become organic selenium, which is not harmful for human ingestion, can do.

In addition to the above components, other additives such as tobacco powder, charcoal, egg shell, palm, elvan, zeolite, cottonseed, cassava stem, and protein may be further mixed for insufficient nutritional supplementation or sterilization.

Tobacco powder contains tar, nicotine, and DDT, which is used as an insecticide raw material, so that it can sterilize the fungus so that the fungus does not naturally grow.

Charcoal is a living space of microorganisms, and many harmful bacteria and odors can be adsorbed. In addition, charcoal generates anions in its own to enrich the oxygen to help grow the mushroom species, and neutralizes the water so that the water mixed with the anion does not become acidic or alkaline.

The egg shell is made up of calcium carbonate, which contains a lot of calcium, and collagen, which is used to cultivate the cells. It functions to promote the cultivation by providing calcium to mushroom species.

Palm bean is made by extracting palm oil from palm tree fruit and drying the remaining solids. It plays a role of controlling the pH suitable for mushroom growth and can prevent the occurrence of disease.

In addition to promoting mycelial growth of mushrooms, it can inhibit the growth of fungi, and zeolite is a porous material having the size of millet, which has physical adsorption power against nitrogen, potassium phosphate and the like and adsorbs moisture. The period can be shortened.

Cotton blooms can form voids together with sawdust particles to further increase the oxygen supply rate, and cassava stems can stabilize the supply and demand of unstable supply and demand depending on imports.

Protein blood is a byproduct of corn starch and syrup. It contains enough protein to mix properly with other ingredients to maintain proper pore size. It can help balanced growth of mushroom.

(b) Sterilization step

The sterilization step is a step of preventing secondary contamination of the medium and making the growth of termite mushroom species better, and the medium is preferably sterile. The sterilization step may sterilize the container containing the culture medium at 100 to 200 ° C. If the sterilization temperature is lower than the above range, the growth rate of the germ cells may be accelerated. If the sterilization temperature is higher than the above range, .

In the sterilization step, various methods such as a high-pressure sterilization method, an ultraviolet sterilization method and an intermittent sterilization method can be applied. For example, the high-pressure sterilization method can use a steam boiler and sterilize by maintaining a constant pressure. The ultraviolet sterilization method is a method of sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 280 to 315 nm. In this method, There are advantages. In addition, the intermittent sterilization method is a method of sterilizing for a predetermined time at 100 占 폚 steam.

After the sterilization step, a further cooling step can be carried out. In the cooling step, the heat-treated medium container is allowed to stand at room temperature or cooled to 5 to 10 DEG C so as to be able to inoculate the fungus.

(c) Fungi  Inoculation phase

The step of inoculating the fungus is the step of inoculating the fungi of the termite mushroom, preferably in an aseptic room. In the step of inoculating the fungus, strike a container containing the fungus of termite mushroom to disperse the fungus, and then cut a 1-2 cm bottom portion of the original container with a sterilized knife. After that, use the forceps to pull out the pieces of fungus and bacillus that are made from the leaves of white moss and broad-leaved trees in a container containing the termite mushroom fungus, fill it in the container of the fungus, cover the entrance with a stopper, and the inoculation of the fungus is completed.

At this time, it is preferable that approximately 30 branch species are planted in the culture vessel, and it is filled in the culture vessel to such an extent that it is filled in the culture vessel.

(d) Culture step

The culturing step is to cultivate the termite mushroom strain inoculated in a culture vessel in a culture room at a temperature of 20 to 30 DEG C and a humidity of 60 to 70% for 30 to 40 days. When the temperature and the humidity are within the above ranges, the growth rate is the fastest. If the temperature and humidity are less than the above range, the mycelial cultivation period may increase. If the temperature and the humidity exceed the above range, germs may occur. At this time, the culture container inoculated with the bacteria can be cultured by putting it on a shelf or the like, and it is preferable to lay bricks under the shelf to prevent the bottom from getting wet.

In addition, fresh air should be injected periodically during the cultivation step to promote mycelial growth. That is, it is necessary to ventilate the outdoor ventilator 1 to 5 times for 20 to 40 minutes per day. If the air velocity is high, the water content of the medium may be excessively decreased, and the coating may be formed on the surface of the medium. In addition, it is important to keep the culture vessel from time to time to prevent infection from a contaminated strain of bacteria into another strain of bacteria.

(e) Growth stage

The growth step is preferably performed in a space in which the cultured termite mushroom species is grown and can be maintained at a constant temperature such as a vinyl house, and the temperature is 15 to 30 ° C, the humidity is 80 to 95% and the illuminance is 200 to 400 lux More preferable.

In particular, light and shade are preferably adjusted at a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 3, more preferably at a ratio of 3: 7. If the ratio of light to shade is out of the above range, the termite mushroom does not grow well and the yield may decrease.

In addition, it is preferable that the daytime difference in daytime temperature is adjusted to 5 to 15 ° C, and if the daytime difference is out of the above range, the growth of termite mushroom may be decreased and the yield may be decreased.

If the temperature, humidity, and lightness in the growing stage are below the above range, the growth of termite mushroom may be deteriorated. If the temperature, humidity, and lightness are above the above range, the meat quality of termite mushroom may be reduced or may not grow well.

Therefore, if the temperature and the illuminance exceed the above range, it is preferable that the ventilator is blown to reduce the temperature by blowing air, and if the temperature and the illuminance are less than the above range, the temperature inside the greenhouse is preferably raised. When the humidity is within the above range, it is preferable to raise the humidity by spraying water on the passageways, but it is preferable that the mushroom is sprinkled on the passageways when water is sprayed on the mushrooms.

After the culture medium is separated from the culture medium in which the medium and the bacteria are inoculated (hereinafter, referred to as "culture medium"), the culture medium is rinsed to 1 to 2 cm in the end portion of the culture medium to prevent infection from the bacteria. The distance between the bacteria and the bacteria is preferably 1 to 10 cm, and the soil is covered to such an extent that the upper part of the bacteria is not visible. At this time, it is preferable to spray a grass peat with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm to maintain the pH of the soil at 5.5 to 7. [

(f) Harvesting step

The harvesting stage can be harvested 20 to 30 days after termite mushroom is planted. It is preferable to harvest when the diameter of the gut is 2 to 5 cm. More specifically, the termite mushroom has the best taste before the mushroom is opened, and when the mushroom is opened, the quality of the meat is already aged and the taste of the mushroom may deteriorate.

Also, termite mushroom can be harvested 1 to 5 times, but the number and period of harvest can be added or subtracted depending on the condition of the medium. At this time, it is preferable to maintain the interval between harvesting termites mushrooms at about 10 days, and 2000 to 4000 g can be harvested at a planting area of 1 m ² . It is preferable to harvest termite mushroom harvest by holding the torso of termite mushroom and gently turning it with your fingers.

After the harvesting stage, it is desirable to clean the mushroom roots and dead mushrooms remaining in the field to prevent secondary contamination and infection from germs. If green fungi are present, discard the soil of the area and replenish clean and moist soil .

Termite mushrooms cultivated according to the cultivation method of the present invention are not only good in taste but also can harvest more amount, so termite mushroom can be commercialized and sold as a local specialty product, and high value added There are advantages to be able to.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples. The following examples can be appropriately modified and changed by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.

How to grow termite mushroom

≪ Example 1 >

Sawdust and corn stalks were soaked in the sun and then fermented for 15 days in the sun. Then, sawdust, cornstarch, wheat bran, corn flour, bean curd, calcium bicarbonate and lime were mixed in a mixer according to the contents of Table 1. Next, the mixed mixture was put into a blender and pulverized to a size of 3 cm, and then heat-treated at 120 ° C for 2 hours using a high-pressure sterilizer to sterilize harmful bacteria. Finally, it was dried in an amount of 65% moisture and compressed at 150 ° C to prepare a medium for termite mushroom cultivation.

The medium was placed in a polyethylene vinyl container having a width of 17 cm, a length of 33 cm, and a thickness of 0.05 mm and weighing 1.3 kg, sterilized by high pressure sterilization method at 150 ° C, and inoculated with termite mushroom. Next, the termite mushroom strain inoculated into the culture vessel was incubated at a temperature of 23 ° C and a humidity of 67% for 35 days.

Thereafter, after separating the medium container from the medium container in the greenhouse, rub the end of the medium at 1.5 cm to prevent infections from the germs, and then let the smokers stand and plant them. At this time, the gap between the fungus and the fungus is 5cm, and the soil is covered so that the upper part of the fungus is not visible. Next, water is sprayed using a hose, and then 4 cm thick supantanto is sprayed to maintain the pH of the soil at 6. At this time, the temperature of the vinyl house is 27 ° C., day and night temperature difference is 10 ° C., the ground temperature is 26 ° C. and the air humidity is 90%, the illuminance is 300 lux, and the light and shade are maintained in the ratio of 3: 7 .

Next, termite mushrooms were harvested first, then termite mushrooms were harvested at 3 cm in diameter, and harvested two more times at intervals of 10 days.

≪ Examples 2 and 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 >

As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, termite mushroom was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that each component and the amount added were different from those of Example 1.

weight% Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 sawdust 29 20 25 40 45 40 28 Corn shim 29 20 15 4 - 40 30 bran 20 16 18 30 35 8 20 Corn flour 10 10 5 0.5 12 3 10 Bean curd 10 3 5 0.5 5 3 5 lime One One One 3 3 3 2 Light calcium carbonate One - One 2 - 3 - Cottonseed shell - 30 30 20 - - 5

Table 3 shows the hyphae density and mycelial growth rate of the medium for termite mushroom cultivation according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Mycelial density High density High density High density Low density Low density Low density Low density Mycelial growth rate
(% / 30 days) 95 93 94 82 79 77 74

As shown in Table 2, the termite mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention not only shows high density of mycelial densities of termite mushroom mycelium, but also mycelial growth rate is very fast at an average rate of 94% or more at 30 days of culture, Can be cultured in a precise manner.

On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 exhibited a low density of hyphae by deviating from the content range of the present invention, and mycelial growth rate was very late at an average of 78% at 30 days of cultivation.

Claims (10)

(a) preparing a culture medium for termite mushroom cultivation;
(b) sterilizing the termite mushroom cultivation medium in a container;
(c) inoculating said container with a termite mushroom strain;
(d) culturing the termite mushroom species;
(e) growing the cultured termite mushroom; And
(f) harvesting the grown termite mushroom,
The termite mushroom cultivation medium contained 20 to 29% by weight of sawdust, 15 to 29% by weight of sawdust and 16 to 20% by weight of wheat bran, 15 to 29% by weight of wheat bran, A mixture of 5 to 10% by weight of powder, 3 to 10% by weight of bean sugar, and 0.1 to 1% by weight of lime mixed with 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of calcium carbonate and 25 to 40% by weight of cottonseed shell. Mushroom (termitomyces) cultivation method. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the sterilization in step (b) is performed at 100 to 200 ° C. The method according to claim 1,
The method for cultivating termite mushroom according to the above (c), wherein the inoculation is carried out by adding termite mushroom fungus species and a species of fungus species, which are made of tree branches of Baiyang, broad-leaved trees. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the culturing in step (d) is carried out at 20 to 30 DEG C and a humidity of 60 to 70% for 30 to 40 days. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein step (e) is performed so that the soil is sprayed at a thickness of 3 to 5 cm to a container so that the pH of the soil can be adjusted to 5.5 to 7. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the growth is carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 15 to 30 캜, a humidity of 80 to 95% and an illumination of 200 to 400 lux, and a daytime gradient of the nighttime is adjusted to 5 to 15 캜. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the light and shade are in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 3 in the step (e). The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the harvesting is carried out when the termite mushroom shade reaches 2 to 5 cm in diameter in the step (f). The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the harvesting time in step (f) is 1 to 5 times.

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