CN106699308B - Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium using cassava wastes as main raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium using cassava wastes as main raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241000392443 Pleurotus citrinopileatus Species 0.000 title description 29
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种榆黄蘑培养基，采用下述组合物制备而成，按照重量百分比计，所述组合物的组分包括：木薯杆屑40‑80％，椰糠和/或橡胶木屑0‑40％，菌糠20‑30％，木薯叶2‑5％，石膏0.5‑2％，石灰0.5‑2％，以及糖0或0.5‑2％。本发明还公开了该培养基的制备方法和用途。本发明利用热带地区资源极其丰富的木薯废弃物、椰糠和/橡胶木屑以及菌糠为主要原料制作培养基，不需再添加麸皮、玉米粉等含氮量高的辅料，既能充分利用木薯栽培废弃物，解决资源浪费甚至环境污染问题，同时又缓解了食用菌原料紧缺问题，降低生产成本，具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。The present invention provides a culture medium of Umbellifera, which is prepared by adopting the following composition. According to the weight percentage, the components of the composition include: 40-80% of cassava stalk chips, coconut bran and/or rubber wood chips 0‑40%, mushroom chaff 20‑30%, cassava leaves 2‑5%, gypsum 0.5‑2%, lime 0.5‑2%, and sugar 0 or 0.5‑2%. The invention also discloses the preparation method and application of the culture medium. The method uses cassava waste, coconut bran and/rubber sawdust and fungus bran, which are extremely rich in resources in tropical regions, as the main raw materials to prepare the culture medium, and does not need to add auxiliary materials with high nitrogen content such as bran, corn flour, etc., and can make full use of Cassava cultivation waste solves the problem of resource waste and even environmental pollution, and at the same time alleviates the shortage of edible mushroom raw materials, reduces production costs, and has good social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus production, and particularly relates to a pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium which is suitable for tropical regions and takes cassava wastes as main raw materials, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pleurotus citrinopileatus (Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing.) also named Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus has fresh yellow pileus, white mushroom flesh, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and is highly popular with domestic and foreign consumers. The main culture media in China comprise broad-leaf sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corncobs and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of the edible fungus industry, the conventional raw materials are in short supply, the economic benefit of production is directly influenced by the improvement of the raw material cost, and the demand of a novel culture medium with low cost and high quality is more urgent. The C/N of the cassava stalk is 39.05, the cassava stalk contains 5.1 percent of crude protein, 0.01 percent of crude fat, 23.3 percent of crude fiber and 45.5 percent of nitrogen-free extract, and is a good raw material for cultivating edible fungi. The cassava leaves are good sources of protein and amino acid, and contain abundant minerals and vitamins. The method for cultivating the edible fungi by utilizing the cassava wastes not only can solve the problem of insufficient raw materials of the culture medium in the edible fungi industry, but also reduces the pollution to the environment caused by discarding or burning a large amount of cassava stalks, and simultaneously greatly reduces the production cost of the edible fungi and realizes the resource conversion of cassava byproducts because the cassava stalks are large in amount and low in price compared with wood.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium which is suitable for tropical regions and takes cassava wastes (stems, branches and leaves) as main raw materials, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention has the advantages of simple formula, low raw material cost, high input-output ratio and considerable economic and environmental benefits.
The first aspect of the invention provides a composition for preparing pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-80% of cassava stalk scraps, 0-40% of coconut husk and/or rubber sawdust, 20-30% of mushroom bran, 2-5% of cassava leaves, 0.5-2% of gypsum, 0.5-2% of lime and 0 or 0.5-2% of sugar (added in low-temperature seasons).
Preferably, the components of the composition comprise, in weight percent: 40-80% of cassava stalk chips, 0-40% of coconut husk and/or rubber sawdust, 20-30% of mushroom bran, 2-5% of cassava leaves, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0 or 1% of sugar (added in low-temperature seasons).
Wherein the fungus bran is the fungus bran of edible fungi or black fungus.
Wherein the content of coconut husk and/or rubber sawdust is not 0.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium prepared by using any one of the compositions according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Preferably, the Pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium has a water content of 65-70% and a pH value of 7-8.
The pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium according to the second aspect of the present invention may be prepared by a commonly used mushroom culture medium preparation method, which is not limited in the present invention. As an example, the following method may be employed:
(1) drying cassava stems in the sun, crushing, cleaning cassava leaves, drying in the sun, crushing, drying coconut chaff and/or rubber sawdust in the sun, and breaking mushroom chaff in the sun for later use;
(2) pre-wetting cassava stalk chips, coconut husk and/or rubber sawdust and mushroom bran, adding lime, composting for 3-5 days, adding the rest components, stirring, bagging, and sterilizing.
Wherein, the water content of the culture medium is controlled to be 65-70% in the step (2), and the pH value is controlled to be 7-8.
A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, or the pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium according to the second aspect of the present invention, for cultivating pleurotus citrinopileatus.
The fourth aspect of the invention is to provide a cultivation method of pleurotus citrinopileatus, which adopts the pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium of the second aspect of the invention to cultivate, and the sugar is contained in the raw material components of the pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium when cultivating in 1-3 months or 9-12 months.
Preferably, the cultivation method is as follows:
selecting a cultivation period: inoculating the pleurotus citrinopileatus conventional variety in 1-3 months or 9-12 months in the tropical region; selecting high-temperature resistant varieties in 4-8 months;
inoculation and spawn running culture: inoculating the strain into the pleurotus citrinopileatus culture medium of claim 6 or 7 for culture; when the temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, arranging the fungus bags in a # -shaped row on two layers of placing frames, when the temperature is less than 18 ℃, placing 3-4 layers of fungus bags in a single row, culturing in dark light, controlling the relative humidity of air to be about 60-70%, and controlling the temperature of the fungus bags to be 22-25 ℃ all the time; checking whether the mixed bacteria pollution exists after inoculation for 3-4 days, turning the pile for the 1 st time after 7-8 days, turning the pile for 1 time every 7 days, checking and removing the polluted bacteria bags each time, and processing in time; ventilating once in the morning and evening, maintaining air humidity at 60-70%, culturing for 25-30 days until mycelium is full of the fungus bag, and performing after-ripening culture for 3-5 days.
The culture medium is prepared by using cassava wastes, coconut residues and/or rubber sawdust and fungus chaff which are extremely rich in resources in tropical regions as main raw materials, and auxiliary materials with high nitrogen content such as bran, corn flour and the like do not need to be added, so that the cassava cultivation wastes can be fully utilized, the problem of resource waste and even environmental pollution is solved, the problem of shortage of edible fungus raw materials is relieved, the production cost is reduced, and good social benefit and economic benefit are achieved. 3-4 tide of mushrooms can be continuously harvested, the yield of fresh mushrooms can reach 1.6-2.1 kg/bag, the biotransformation rate can reach more than 110%, and the input-output ratio is 1: 4.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments.
Preparing raw materials:
(1) cassava stem chips: drying the harvested fresh cassava stems and branches without diseases, insect pests and mildew, and crushing into 5-12mm multiplied by 5-12mm particles for later use; (2) cassava leaves: cleaning, removing dust, washing with running water for three times, drying in the sun, and pulverizing (granularity 5-12mm × 5-12 mm); (3) fungus chaff: selecting pollution-free and mildewed fungus chaff of edible fungi or black fungus, exposing the fungus chaff for 1-2 days, and breaking for later use; (4) other materials: coconut chaff, rubber sawdust and the like are turned over and dried in the sun in advance and stored in a shade for later use.
Example 1
Is suitable for introducing conventional Pleurotus citrinopileatus Excellent strains into tropical regions in 1-3 months or 9-12 months per year.
According to the weight percentage, the raw materials of the embodiment comprise: 50% of cassava stalk chips, 20% of mushroom bran, 13% of rubber sawdust, 7% of coconut husk, 7% of cassava leaves, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of lime and 1% of sugar.
Weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pre-wetting cassava stalk chips, mushroom bran, rubber sawdust and coconut husk one day in advance, adding 1% lime after pre-wetting, stacking for 3-5 days, adding cassava leaves, gypsum, sugar and the like, and adding water while stirring. After the compost is stirred, the water content is 65-70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 7-8 (by using citric acid/lime powder).
Bagging: the fungus bags are high-density low-pressure polyethylene bags of 17cm × 33cm × 0.035cm or 22cm × 42cm × 0.035cm, each bag is filled with 1-1.1 kg of the fungus bags, and the fungus bags are filled with the raw materials which are properly compacted and uniformly filled.
And (3) sterilization: autoclaving, the conditions are as follows: the pressure is increased to 1.02X 105Pa (1.05 kg/cm)2) And maintained at 121 ℃ for 2-4 hours. When the materials are sterilized and put into the pot, a gap is properly left between the material bags, thereby achieving the purpose of thorough sterilization.
Example 2
Is suitable for introducing high-temperature resistant Pleurotus citrinopileatus Excellent strains in tropical regions at 4-8 months per year.
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the raw material ratio is different, and the raw materials of the embodiment comprise, by weight: 60% of cassava stalk scraps, 20% of mushroom bran, 10% of coconut bran, 8% of cassava leaves, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of lime.
Example 3
Is suitable for introducing conventional Pleurotus citrinopileatus Excellent strains into tropical regions in 1-3 months or 9-12 months per year.
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the raw material ratio is different, and the raw materials of the embodiment comprise, by weight: 70% of cassava stalk chips, 10% of mushroom bran, 10% of rubber sawdust, 7% of cassava leaves, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of lime and 1% of sugar. The rest is the same as example 1 and is omitted.
Test of
Using the medium of example 1, conventional Pleurotus citrinopileatus elite strains can be introduced in tropical regions in 1-3 months or 9-12 months per year.
1. Strain selection and preparation: selecting excellent pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation strain with white hypha, strong growth, suitable age and no pollution.
Mother seeds: the mother strain is cultured in PDA culture medium at 25 deg.c to obtain white and strong mycelia and rich aerial mycelia, and the stock strain can be transferred.
Secondly, original seeds: culturing with conventional grain culture medium or cottonseed hull culture medium, autoclaving for 2.5-3.0 hr, and inoculating and culturing for about 25 days until the mycelia overgrow.
2. Selecting a cultivation period: the conventional Pleurotus citrinopileatus grows optimally at 22-26 deg.C, and the conventional Pleurotus citrinopileatus can be inoculated in 1-3 or 9-12 months in tropical regions (sugar-containing culture medium can be used for cultivation, such as examples 1 and 3); and 4-8 months, selecting a high-temperature-resistant variety (can be cultivated by adopting a sugar-free culture medium, such as example 2), and thus realizing perennial cultivation.
3. Sterilizing a spawn running room: a clean and lightproof idle house is selected as a spawn running room which needs to be thoroughly disinfected before being used. The fumigation method or spray disinfection method can be selected, the fumigation method is mainly used for a fungus room with better sealing degree, and if the sealing degree of the fungus room is poorer, the spray disinfection method can be adopted. The common medicaments for fumigation comprise formaldehyde, potassium permanganate, sulfur powder, special aerosol and the like. Selecting several positions at the edge and center of the fungus growing room, taking protection measures, discharging from inside to outside while closing the door, sealing and fumigating for 24-48 hr, and ventilating.
4. Inoculation and spawn running culture:
(1) inoculating and culturing: sterilizing the cultivation material, cooling to below 30 deg.C, inoculating 30-35 bags of cultivation seeds (specification of 27cm × 33 cm).
(2) Spawn running management: arranging bags: and determining the placing mode of the fungus bags according to the temperature. When the temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, arranging the fungus bags in a # -shaped row on a two-layer placing rack, when the temperature is less than 18 ℃, placing 3-4 layers of fungus bags in a single row, culturing in dark light, controlling the relative humidity of air to be about 60-70%, and controlling the temperature of the fungus bags to be 22-25 ℃ all the time. Secondly, turning over and sorting impurities: checking whether the bacteria are polluted or not after inoculation for 3-4d, turning the pile for the 1 st time at 7-8d, turning the pile for 1 time at intervals of 7d, checking and removing the polluted bacteria bags each time, and processing in time. Ventilating once in the morning and evening, maintaining air humidity at 60-70%, culturing for 25-30 days until hypha fully grows in the fungus bag, and performing after-ripening culture for 3-5 days to perform fruiting management.
5. And (3) fruiting management: and transferring the pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom bags subjected to after-ripening culture to a fruiting field, utilizing a high-shed shelf type edible mushroom cultivation shed, and adopting a shelf type to discharge mushrooms. The environment temperature of the mushroom growing shed is kept at 18-28 ℃, and a certain temperature difference is formed, wherein the temperature difference is preferably 6-10 ℃; air humidity is kept by adopting an air spraying mode, water is sprayed to the ground and the surrounding walls (shed walls) at the same time, water is prevented from being sprayed to the bag openings, water is prevented from accumulating in the mushroom volume, and the relative humidity of air in the mushroom shed is kept to be about 80-90%; and ventilation is increased, the indoor air is kept fresh, certain scattered light is ensured, and primordium formation is facilitated.
6. Harvesting: the Pleurotus citrinopileatus pileus is basically flat and bright yellow in color, and is collected in time before spores are ejected. And stopping spraying water 1 day before harvesting. After harvesting, removing the material surface mushroom root, the diseased mushroom and the dead mushroom in time to prevent rotting and infecting infectious microbes, and stopping spraying water for 2-3 days to recover the growth of the mycelium.
3-4 tide of mushrooms can be continuously harvested, the yield of fresh mushrooms can reach 1.6-2.1 kg/bag, the biotransformation rate can reach more than 110%, and the input-output ratio is 1: 4.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN107736191A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-02-27 | 申国庆 | The culture medium of elm mushroom liquid fermentation |
| CN110810126A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 黑龙江黑臻生物科技有限公司 | Yuanmo cultivation method and Yuanmo |
| CN112586272A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-02 | 贺州市田投农业发展有限公司 | Method for efficiently cultivating pleurotus citrinopileatus by mulberry twigs |
| CN116724820A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of shiitake mushroom cultivation substrate that does not contain bran and its preparation method |
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| CN103314779A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-25 | 山东福禾菌业科技有限公司 | Method for producing pleurotus citrinopileatus by using pleurotus eryngii substrate |
| CN103348869B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-01-21 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of pleurotus citrinopileatus |
| CN105272525B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2019-02-12 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Edible fungi industrial cultivation substrate prepared from coconut bran and its application |
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