CN101481657A - Edible hericium coralloides and cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Edible hericium coralloides and cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an edible coralloid Hericium erinaceus and a cultivation method thereof, and belongs to an imitating wild edible fungus and a cultivation method thereof. The invention is characterized in that the collection number of the edible fungus in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center(CGMCC) is CGMCC No.2376, and the collection data is Feb. 26, 2008. The coralloid Hericium erinaceus, as an edible fungus, has the advantages of unique taste, rich nutrients, anticancer activities and obvious medicinal value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of imitative wild edible fungus and cultivating method thereof.
Background technology
Hydnum [Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers] is called beautiful whisker, red hedgehog hydnum, and the sporophore branch stings to become to grow thickly.Autumn in Hydnum summer is born in 3000～3500 meters high mountain mixed forests of height above sea level, betides withered tree such as white birch oak, falls on the wood.Be distributed in ground such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, the Inner Mongol, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang.
Hydnum is edible, and is delicious, also pharmaceutically acceptable and antitumour activity is arranged, and is a kind of delicious uniqueness, rich nutrition edible fungus, has obvious medicinal value.Present wild Hydnum has been difficult to adopt, artificial culture success now, its mycelium amino acid content is abundant according to one's analysis amounts to 18 kinds, and the amino acid of 7 kinds of needed by human such as phenylalanine, Isoleucine, leucine, tryptophane, methionine(Met), Threonine, Xie Ansuan is wherein arranged.This bacterium is also pharmaceutically acceptable, can be aid digestion, control stomach ulcer and nourishing and fit keeping function arranged, control neurasthenia, effect such as in poor health.At present, tame Hydnum still need aspect its effective constituent to the more useful direction of human body is developed.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of edible Hericium coralloides and cultivating method thereof, to improve the value of artificial culture edible Hericium coralloides.Its preserving number at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center of the present invention is CGMCC No.2376.Preservation date on February 26th, 2008.
Morphological specificity and the condition of growing of this bacterium are:
(1) morphological specificity:
This white mycelium or canescence become strand, are close to media surface, the snow-white mist pine tree extension shape that is of sporophore; Coralliform Hydnum erinaceus sporophore meat, individual big, 10～35 centimetres of diameters, the tender ripe back of children or during by wind sporophore (thorn) become orange-yellowly, its sporidium be oval to sphere, water white transparency, big or small 4.8～5.5 microns * 4.5～5.1 microns, spore print white.
(2) condition of growing:
(a) nutrition: Hydnum is the rotten edible mushrooms of a kind of wood, decomposition of cellulose, organism such as hemicellulose and xylogen; During artificial culture, Hydnum can utilize glucose, sucrose, starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen etc. to be carbon source; Nitrogenous source is from the decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds such as protein, and wheat bran, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder etc. can be its growth nitrogenous source is provided; Vegetative growth phase, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1; Generative growth phase carbon-nitrogen ratio 35～40:1;
(b) temperature: warm type edible mushrooms during Hydnum belongs to; 12 ℃～30 ℃ of mycelial growth adaptive temperature scopes, 20 ℃～26 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures; Sporophore belongs to the constant temperature firm type, and optimal temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃;
(c) moisture: it is 60% that mycelial growth requires the water content of culture material, and sporophore growth culture material water content is 60%～70%, and it is 85%～95% that the sporophore growth stage requires relative air humidity;
(d) air: this bacterium is a kind of good gas edible mushrooms, and Carbon Dioxide in Air concentration is no more than 0.1%;
(e) illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need illumination, and sporophore growth needs enough scattered lights;
(f) potential of hydrogen: all can grow between pH value 4～8, optimum pH is between 5～6, during cultivation with adding gypsum and lime is regulated.
Cultivating method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
One, bacterial classification is made, and adopts separate tissue or spore separation, makes the test tube slant according to a conventional method, and inoculation is placed on to cultivate under 22～26 ℃ of conditions covered with the inclined-plane in 15～20 days;
The female kind prepares culture medium prescription: potato 200 grams, glucose 20 grams, agar 20 grams, potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, sal epsom 1 gram, 1000 milliliters in water;
Original seed and cultivar prepare culture medium prescription: wood chip 77%, wheat bran 20%, analysis for soybean powder 1%, terra alba 1%, lime 1%, white sugar 1%;
Above formulation material, water are than being 1:1.2, and water content is controlled at 55～65%, put 22～26 ℃ and cultivate down, cultivate 45～55 days to covering with cultivating bag;
Two, cultivation
(a), cultivation season
According to life characteristic and the local climate condition of this bacterium, select temperature to push away 30～35 days preparation cultivars forward, or have and meet can cultivating throughout the year of above-mentioned temperature condition at 20 ℃～28 ℃;
(b), cultivation place
The Hydnum cultivation is selected idle old room or is taken plastic greenhouse, and the place requires the well-ventilated, and the water source is arranged, the energy draining, and the heat and moisture preserving performance is good, and illumination is good, sanitation and hygiene; Take bedstead in the mushroom room and put the bacterium bag, send out the bacterium fruiting;
(c), cultivation material and prescription
Cultivation bacterium raw material is major ingredient with the hardwood sawdust, and interpolation wheat bran, rice bran, gypsum, lime are that auxiliary material gets final product, but must select the dry raw material that goes mouldy that do not have for use;
Cultivation culture material prescription: weed tree sawdust 76%, wheat bran or rice bran 20%, bean powder 1%, white sugar 1%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%;
(d), planting type
Conventional grog cultivation is adopted in cultivation, adopts bag cultivation method, generally adopts 33 centimetres of 16.5 cm x or 33 centimetres of tube material of polyethylene 17 cm x or knuckle bag, charging back high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization according to a conventional method, and one connects bacterium or two connects bacterium; Move into the good culturing room of clean ventilation lucifugal condition after connecing bacterium, temperature is at 23 ℃～25 ℃, cultivated 45～55 days, and make regular check on and have or not assorted bacterium, find that assorted bacterium in time removes, after sending out bacterium in 45～55 days the bacterium bag is moved into pendulum bag fruiting in the booth, put 2～3 layers, stretching sack, but tube material two fruiting, to keep the fresh and competent illumination of air simultaneously, stimulate fruiting;
(e), management of producing mushroom
Temperature: the mushroom room should keep between 18 ℃～25 ℃, but with about 23 ℃ for well, temperature is crossed when low, take the heating, temperature keeping measure;
Moisture: fruiting stage cultivating bag requirement water content will be about 60～67%, and mushroom room atmospheric moisture 85%～90% is sprinkled water 2～3 every day at least earthward, aerial spraying 2～3 times, or directly water to the mushroom body.
Ventilation: when sporophore grows, should timely stretching sack, note the ventilation in mushroom room, regularly open door and window every day, guarantee that mushroom room air is fresh;
Light: give certain scattered light, intensity of illumination 300 luxs.
Hydnum of the present invention is edible, and is delicious, also pharmaceutically acceptable and antitumour activity is arranged, and is a kind of delicious uniqueness, rich nutrition edible fungus, has obvious medicinal value.
The present invention after testing, wherein crude protein 15.9%, crude fat 4.3%, robust fibre 9.1%, polysaccharide 4.1%, moisture 8.0%, ash content 5.51%, amino acid 8.58% comprises 16 seed amino acids; 12.67 milligrams/hectogram of calcium, 11.92 milligrams/hectogram of iron, 660 milligrams/hectogram of phosphorus, harmful element content is extremely low, arsenic 0.10 mg/kg wherein, plumbous 0.26 mg/kg, cadmium 0.02 mg/kg, mercury 0.01 mg/kg.
Embodiment
Its preserving number at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center of the present invention is CGMCC No.2376.Preservation date on February 26th, 2008.
Morphological specificity and the condition of growing of this bacterium are:
(1) morphological specificity:
This white mycelium or canescence become strand, are close to media surface, the snow-white mist pine tree extension shape that is of sporophore; Coralliform Hydnum erinaceus sporophore meat, individual big, 10～35 centimetres of diameters, the tender ripe back of children or during by wind sporophore (thorn) become orange-yellowly, its sporidium be oval to sphere, water white transparency, big or small 4.8～5.5 microns * 4.5～5.1 microns, spore print white.
(2) condition of growing:
(a) nutrition: Hydnum is the rotten edible mushrooms of a kind of wood, decomposition of cellulose, organism such as hemicellulose and xylogen; During artificial culture, Hydnum can utilize glucose, sucrose, starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen etc. to be carbon source; Nitrogenous source is from the decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds such as protein, and wheat bran, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder etc. can be its growth nitrogenous source is provided; Vegetative growth phase, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1; Generative growth phase carbon-nitrogen ratio 35～40:1;
(b) temperature: warm type edible mushrooms during Hydnum belongs to; 12 ℃～30 ℃ of mycelial growth adaptive temperature scopes, 20 ℃～26 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures; Sporophore belongs to the constant temperature firm type, and optimal temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃;
(c) moisture: it is 60% that mycelial growth requires the water content of culture material, and sporophore growth culture material water content is 60%～70%, and it is 85%～95% that the sporophore growth stage requires relative air humidity;
(d) air: this bacterium is a kind of good gas edible mushrooms, and Carbon Dioxide in Air concentration is no more than 0.1%;
(e) illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need illumination, and sporophore growth needs enough scattered lights;
(f) potential of hydrogen: all can grow between pH value 4～8, optimum pH is between 5～6, during cultivation with adding gypsum and lime is regulated.
The separation domestication of bacterial classification of the present invention:
1, parental source: starting materials, this wild Hydnum are to gather in National forest park, the Lusuihe River, Changbai Mountain in 2005, comprise the mushroom wood of wild Hydnum and the wild Hydnum of growth etc., gather 21 parts in sample altogether.21 bacterial strain materials are carried out preliminary screening, obtain 6 strain excellents, as the starting strain of further carrying out breed breeding.
2, seed selection process
(1) strain separating: bacterial classification adopts sporophore partition method and 2 kinds of methods of mushroom wood partition method.
(2) strain excellent screening: adopt the systematic breeding method that 6 wild starting strains are carried out differing temps test, moisture and relative air humidity test, exposure experiments to light, anti acid alkali performance substratum shaker test and anti-assorted bacterium test, filter out therefrom that mycelial growth rate is fast, 003 and 018 two bacterial strain of robust growth, anti-living contaminants.
(3) quality evalution: 003 and 018 bacterial strain is carried out biological characteristics experiment and production phase and yield trials, the result shows: 003 bacterial strain belongs to low temperature modification kind in the constant temperature fecundity, 5 ℃～35 ℃ of mycelial growth temperature scopes, the suitableeest 16 ℃～20 ℃, mycelia was covered with bag after-ripening 7～10 days, and sporophore is wild rime shape, 10 ℃～22 ℃ of fruiting temperature ranges, be lower than 10 ℃ or be higher than 22 ℃ of not fruitings, fruiting phase relative air humidity is 85%～95%, suitable substituting stuff cultivation.
(4) female specific character: the female kind cultivated under 24 ℃ of conditions in thermostat container, and mycelia was covered with the test tube slant in 26 days, and this moment, substratum was become brown deeply by original grey. and bacterium colony is that oyster white root shape distributes.
With above-mentioned culture presevation, preservation date on February 26th, 2008, its preserving number at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center is CGMCC No.2376.
Cultivating method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
One, bacterial classification is made
The Hydnum pure strain can adopt separate tissue or spore separation:
1, the female kind prepares culture medium prescription: potato 200 grams, glucose 20 grams, agar 20 grams, potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, sal epsom 1 gram, 1000 milliliters in water;
Make the test tube slant according to a conventional method, inoculation is placed on to cultivate under 22～26 ℃ of conditions covered with the inclined-plane in 15～20 days, was optimum temps with 25 ℃ wherein;
2, original seed and cultivar prepare culture medium prescription: wood chip 77%, wheat bran 20%, analysis for soybean powder 1%, terra alba 1%, lime 1%, white sugar 1%;
Above formulation material, water are than being 1:1.2, and water content is controlled at 55～65%, is optimum moisture content with 60% wherein, put 22～26 ℃ and cultivate down, and be optimum temps wherein with 25 ℃; The general cultivation covered with cultivating bag in 45～55 days.
Two, cultivation
(1), cultivation season
China's north-south climate is widely different, and most of areas can utilize the natural temperature cultivation, can select temperature to push away forward about 30～35 days at 20 ℃～28 ℃ and prepare cultivar, with good conditionsi can the cultivation throughout the year according to life characteristic and the local climate condition of bacterium;
(2), cultivation place
The Hydnum cultivation can be selected idle old room or take plastic greenhouse, and the place requires the well-ventilated, and the water source is arranged, but draining, the heat and moisture preserving performance is good, and illumination is good, sanitation and hygiene; Take bedstead in the mushroom room and put the bacterium bag, send out the bacterium fruiting;
(3), cultivation material and prescription
Cultivation Hydnum raw material is major ingredient with the hardwood sawdust, and interpolation wheat bran, rice bran, gypsum, lime are that auxiliary material gets final product, but must select the dry raw material that goes mouldy that do not have for use.
Cultivation culture material prescription commonly used: weed tree sawdust 76%, wheat bran or rice bran 20%, bean powder 1%, white sugar 1%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%.
(4), planting type
Conventional grog cultivation is adopted in the Hydnum cultivation, the main bag cultivation method that adopts, general 33 centimetres of 16.5 cm x or 33 centimetres of tube material of polyethylene 17 cm x or the knuckle bag of adopting, charging back high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization according to a conventional method can one connect bacterium or two connects bacterium; Move into the good culturing room of clean ventilation lucifugal condition after connecing bacterium, controlled temperature is at 23 ℃～25 ℃, cultivated 45～55 days, and make regular check on and have or not assorted bacterium, find that assorted bacterium in time removes, after sending out bacterium in 45～55 days the bacterium bag is moved into pendulum bag fruiting in the booth, put 2～3 layers, stretching sack, but tube material two fruiting, to keep the fresh and competent illumination of air simultaneously, stimulate fruiting.
(5), management of producing mushroom
Management of producing mushroom must be done a good job of it the adjusting of temperature, light, wet, gas four key elements.
Temperature: the mushroom room should keep between 18 ℃～25 ℃, is best with 23 ℃, and temperature is crossed when hanging down, and take the heating, temperature keeping measure.
Moisture: fruiting stage cultivating bag requires the water content will be 60～67%, and 65% to be best, mushroom room atmospheric moisture 85%～90% is sprinkled water 2～3 every day at least earthward, and aerial spraying 2～3 times also can directly be watered to the mushroom body, can grasp flexibly.
Ventilation: when sporophore grows, should timely stretching sack, note the ventilation in mushroom room, regularly open door and window every day, guarantee that mushroom room air is fresh.
Light: give certain scattered light, Hydnum sporophore dark condition can form down, but dysplasia, intensity of illumination 300 luxs; To in time remove when take place polluting bag during fruiting, will close up sack when appearing a damp sporophore, keep humiture 5～10 days, can go out 2～3 damp mushrooms.
Three, gather
When sporophore is long to medium well, plucked in 2 days in advance when taking deliquescing, can directly turn round down with hand during harvesting, the whole clump of also available tulwar is cut off, and stays the mushroom pin less, in order to avoid damp mushroom growth under the pollution effect, but also few as far as possible hinder to cultivate in fact expect.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of edible Hericium coralloides is characterized in that the preserving number at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center is CGMCC No.2376, preservation date on February 26th, 2008.
2, edible Hericium coralloides as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that morphological specificity of this bacterium and the condition of growing are:
(1) morphological specificity:
This white mycelium or canescence become strand, are close to media surface, the snow-white mist pine tree extension shape that is of sporophore; Coralliform Hydnum erinaceus sporophore meat, individual big, 10～35 centimetres of diameters, the tender ripe back of children or during by wind sporophore (thorn) become orange-yellowly, its sporidium be oval to sphere, water white transparency, big or small 4.8～5.5 microns * 4.5～5.1 microns, spore print white.
(2) condition of growing:
(a) nutrition: Hydnum is the rotten edible mushrooms of a kind of wood, decomposition of cellulose, organism such as hemicellulose and xylogen; During artificial culture, Hydnum can utilize glucose, sucrose, starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen etc. to be carbon source; Nitrogenous source is from the decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds such as protein, and wheat bran, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder etc. can be its growth nitrogenous source is provided; Vegetative growth phase, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1; Generative growth phase carbon-nitrogen ratio 35～40:1;
(b) temperature: warm type edible mushrooms during Hydnum belongs to; 12 ℃～30 ℃ of mycelial growth adaptive temperature scopes, 20 ℃～26 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures; Sporophore belongs to the constant temperature firm type, and optimal temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃;
(c) moisture: it is 60% that mycelial growth requires the water content of culture material, and sporophore growth culture material water content is 60%～70%, and it is 85%～95% that the sporophore growth stage requires relative air humidity;
(d) air: this bacterium is a kind of good gas edible mushrooms, and Carbon Dioxide in Air concentration is no more than 0.1%;
(e) illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need illumination, and sporophore growth needs enough scattered lights;
(f) potential of hydrogen: all can grow between pH value 4～8, optimum pH is between 5～6, during cultivation with adding gypsum and lime is regulated.
3, edible Hericium coralloides cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps:
One, bacterial classification is made, and adopts separate tissue or spore separation, makes the test tube slant according to a conventional method, and inoculation is placed on to cultivate under 22～26 ℃ of conditions covered with the inclined-plane in 15～20 days;
The female kind prepares culture medium prescription: potato 200 grams, glucose 20 grams, agar 20 grams, potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, sal epsom 1 gram, 1000 milliliters in water;
Original seed and cultivar prepare culture medium prescription: wood chip 77%, wheat bran 20%, analysis for soybean powder 1%, terra alba 1%, lime 1%, white sugar 1%;
Above formulation material, water are than being 1:1.2, and water content is controlled at 55～65%, put 22～26 ℃ and cultivate down, cultivate 45～55 days to covering with cultivating bag;
Two, cultivation
(a), cultivation season
According to life characteristic and the local climate condition of this bacterium, select temperature to push away 30～35 days preparation cultivars forward, or have and meet can cultivating throughout the year of above-mentioned temperature condition at 20 ℃～28 ℃;
(b), cultivation place
The Hydnum cultivation is selected idle old room or is taken plastic greenhouse, and the place requires the well-ventilated, and the water source is arranged, the energy draining, and the heat and moisture preserving performance is good, and illumination is good, sanitation and hygiene; Take bedstead in the mushroom room and put the bacterium bag, send out the bacterium fruiting;
(c), cultivation material and prescription
Cultivation bacterium raw material is major ingredient with the hardwood sawdust, and interpolation wheat bran, rice bran, gypsum, lime are that auxiliary material gets final product, but must select the dry raw material that goes mouldy that do not have for use;
Cultivation culture material prescription: weed tree sawdust 76%, wheat bran or rice bran 20%, bean powder 1%, white sugar 1%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%;
(d), planting type
Conventional grog cultivation is adopted in cultivation, adopts bag cultivation method, generally adopts 33 centimetres of 16.5 cm x or 33 centimetres of tube material of polyethylene 17 cm x or knuckle bag, charging back high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization according to a conventional method, and one connects bacterium or two connects bacterium; Move into the good culturing room of clean ventilation lucifugal condition after connecing bacterium, temperature is at 23 ℃～25 ℃, cultivated 45～55 days, and make regular check on and have or not assorted bacterium, find that assorted bacterium in time removes, after sending out bacterium in 45～55 days the bacterium bag is moved into pendulum bag fruiting in the booth, put 2～3 layers, stretching sack, but tube material two fruiting, to keep the fresh and competent illumination of air simultaneously, stimulate fruiting;
(e), management of producing mushroom
Temperature: the mushroom room should keep between 18 ℃～25 ℃, and temperature is crossed when hanging down, and take the heating, temperature keeping measure;
Moisture: fruiting stage cultivating bag requirement water content will be about 60～67%, and mushroom room atmospheric moisture 85%～90% is sprinkled water 2～3 every day at least earthward, aerial spraying 2～3 times, or directly water to the mushroom body.
Ventilation: when sporophore grows, should timely stretching sack, note the ventilation in mushroom room, regularly open door and window every day, guarantee that mushroom room air is fresh;
Light: give certain scattered light, intensity of illumination 300 luxs.
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