CN108864319A - The method and matrix used of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide - Google Patents
The method and matrix used of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods and matrix used of a kind of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide.By percentage to the quality, base starting material includes:65-85% carbon source, 10-20% wheat bran, 0-10% corn flour, 0-2% white sugar, 1-2% land plaster and 1-2% lime.Method includes:The matrix is fitted into material bag and is sterilized, lucidum strain is then accessed and is cultivated, ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick is completed to obtain in culture, then is extracted from the ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick and obtained polysaccharide.Ganoderma lucidum solid-state fermentation culture medium matter formula of the invention is suitble to production ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and polysaccharide extract rate is high, and antioxidant activity is strong, it is with short production cycle, do not limited by cultivation season, production cost it is low, be suitble to large-scale the factorial production and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of medicinal fungi solid state fermentation more particularly to a kind of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide
And matrix used.
Background technique
Realizing with people's health enhances, and the consumption figure of ganoderma lucidum increases rapidly, and the development and utilization of ganoderma lucidum product are increasingly
It is taken seriously.Ganoderma lucidum is the traditional edible and medicinal fungi in China, has anti-cancer, anticancer, anti-aging and other effects.These pharmacological effects with
Main pharmacodynamics ingredient polysaccharide is closely related in ganoderma lucidum, and ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has immunological regulation, antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-aging and drop
The bioactivity such as blood glucose.
Currently, cultivation of glossy ganoderma mainly uses artificial substituting stuff cultivation, different lucidum varieties are grown in same matrix, same spirit
Sesame kind is grown in different substrates, and the active material of mycelium and fructification has very big difference.Xie Liyuan etc. utilizes blueness
The cultivation matrix of thick stick, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, ramulus mori as ganoderma lucidum, the results showed that different cultivation matrixes, in ganoderma lucidum fruitbody Thick many candies and
Triterpene content has more apparent difference.Bao Wenhui etc. carries out ganoderma lucidum cultivation using different tree species log, mixing 3 kinds of culture substrates of sawdust
Training, as a result, it has been found that it is best with the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody character that robur is cultivated, and to mix the ganoderma lucidum yield highest of cultivation on sawdust, ganoderma lucidum
Sour component content highest.Different lucidum varieties use identical cultivation technique and raw material, growth characteristics, commodity property and drug effect
Component content etc. differs greatly.
Since Wild ganoderma resource quantity is limited, the Ganoderma Lucidum fructification period is longer, is limited by cultivation season, is raw
Produce at high cost, this all affects the extensive use of ganoderma lucidum.The matrix that ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick is grown as ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation is rich in ganoderma lucidum
Mycelium, the complete nutrients matter with ganoderma lucidum.The activated product polysaccharide and triterpene obtained after extracted with ganoderma lucidum fruitbody is
There is a more report, however the ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick as ganoderma lucidum growing carrier, the also fewer of processing is directly extracted to it at present.
High polysaccharide research is obtained by the culture substrate formula to ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick solid state fermentation, can widen edible and medical fungi utilizes canal
Road increases the source of drug or healthy food material.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of productions of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation to live
The method and matrix used of property polysaccharide, can be improved the yield and antioxidant activity of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide.
Technical solution:
The matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide of the present invention, by percentage to the quality, raw material includes:
65-85% carbon source, 10-20% wheat bran, 0-10% corn flour, 0-2% white sugar, 1-2% land plaster and 1-2% lime.
The carbon source is selected from one or more of cotton seed hulls, corncob and sawdust, preferably cotton seed hulls and corncob
Mixture.
Wherein, the cotton seed hulls mass percent is 15%-55%, preferably 30%-40%;The corncob quality
Percentage is 20%-60%, preferably 35%-45%.
It is further preferred that the matrix of the ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide, by percentage to the quality, raw material
Including:35%-40% cotton seed hulls, 35%-40% corncob, 14-18% wheat bran, 5-7% corn flour, 1-2% white sugar, 1-2%
Land plaster and 1-2% lime.
It is furthermore preferred that the matrix of the ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide, by percentage to the quality, raw material packet
It includes:30%-40% cotton seed hulls, 35%-45% corncob, 16% wheat bran, 6% corn flour, 1% white sugar, 1% land plaster, 1% stone
Ash.Within this range, mycelial growth rate is most fast, is 1.62-1.67mm/d-1;Its polysaccharide extract rate is higher, is 2.87-
3.14%, significantly larger than the recovery rate 0.50%-2.0% of ganoderma lucidum fruitbody;Its polysaccharide free radical scavenging is
76.54-80.67%.
The water content of the matrix be 55-65%, preferably 60%.
The preparation method of the matrix is:Lime is dispersed in water, corncob is then added, after being soaked for a period of time, obtained
To the corncob prewetted;After cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster are mixed, mixture is obtained;White sugar is dissolved in the water again,
Then it is added in mixture with the corncob prewetted, sterilizes after adjusting water content.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide, including:The matrix is filled
Enter in material bag and sterilize, then access lucidum strain and cultivated, ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick is completed to obtain in culture, then from the spirit
It is extracted in sesame solid state fermentation bacteria stick and obtains polysaccharide.
The lucidum strain is big red sesame, red sesame, Black Ganoderma or ganoderma lucidum 902, preferably big red sesame as lucidum strain,
Polyoses content highest is 6.04mg/g, and polysaccharide anti-oxidative activity is most strong, and under 1mg/mL polysaccharide concentration, it is free to remove DPPH
Base activity is 80.92%.
The culture is dark culture, and cultivation temperature is 24-26 DEG C, and incubation time is 25-35 days.
Beneficial effect:
1, ganoderma lucidum solid-state fermentation culture medium matter formula of the invention is suitble to production ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and polysaccharide extract rate is high, antioxygen
It is strong to change activity.
2, the present invention produces polysaccharide using ganoderma lucidum solid-state fermentation culture medium matter, it is with short production cycle, do not limited by cultivation season,
Production cost is low, is suitble to large-scale the factorial production and popularization.Ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation condition of culture is:24-26 DEG C of black out training
Support 25-35d.Ganoderma lucidum artificial cultivation needs to control out the conditions such as sesame temperature, illumination, humidity and ventilation, planting time during going out sesame
Need 55-65d.
3, the present invention produces polysaccharide using ganoderma lucidum solid-state fermentation culture medium matter, increases coming for drug or healthy food material
A new way is explored for the comprehensive exploitation of edible and medical fungi in source.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental design process figure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalences of the invention
The modification of form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
In following embodiments,
The extraction of ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick polysaccharide:Fresh glossy ganoderma bacteria stick breaks into fritter, is placed in 105 DEG C of baking oven inactivation 5min, 60 DEG C of bakings
It is dry, it crushes, obtains ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick sample.Using boil water extraction method, ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick sample 5.000g is accurately weighed, water 100mL is added to boil
1h is extracted in water-bath, is cooled to room temperature, and is filtered, and filtrate adds water to be settled to 100mL.Extracting solution 20.0mL is accurately pipetted slowly to add respectively
Enter 95% ethyl alcohol 80mL, and be stirred continuously, stand overnight, be centrifuged, sediment is dissolved with a small amount of distilled water, and ethyl alcohol is in 60 DEG C of water-baths
It is vapored away on pot, is settled to 100mL, solution is to be measured.
Polysaccharide extract rate and different ganoderma strain functional components are all made of to the measuring method of DPPH free radical scavenging activity
Content and its antioxidant activity compare the method in (2016).2mL bacteria stick polysaccharide extraction liquid is pipetted, 100mL is settled to, shakes
It is even, pipette 2mL diluent determining polyoses content.It pipettes ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract 1.5mL and distilled water 2.5mL to mix, measurement pair
DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
Embodiment 1:(for preparing 100kg culture substrate)
1) it is formulated:By percentage to the quality, 40% cotton seed hulls, 35% corncob, 16% wheat bran, 6% corn flour, 1% white
Sugar, 1% land plaster, 1% lime, water content 60%;;
2) limewash is prepared:100kg water is added in drum, weighs 1kg lime by step 1) formula, pours into bucket, stir
It mixes uniformly;
3) it prewets:35kg corncob is weighed by step 1) formula, is poured into limewash, just submergence corncob, is impregnated
18h;
4) dry-mixed:40kg cotton seed hulls, 16kg wheat bran, 6kg corn flour, 1kg land plaster are weighed by step 1) formula, pours into and stirs
Machine is mixed, 20min is mixed;
5) wet mixing:1kg white sugar is weighed by step 1) formula to be dissolved in a small amount of water, and white sugar water and the corncob prewetted are poured into
It in mixture, adds water and stirs, mixes 30min;
6) water content is adjusted:Add suitable quantity of water, hand grip measured moisture content has water droplet between webs with holding one material after spice
It oozes out but does not drip, water content is 60% or so;
7) it dispenses:It using 17cm × 55cm × 0.05cm polypropylene dog-ear bag, is charged, is sealed with sack filling machine;
8) it sterilizes:Using high pressure steam sterilization, 128 DEG C of maintenance 2h;
9) it punches:30 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, aseptically to material bag, are punched with the aseptic card punch that diameter is 3cm,
Pitch of holes 10-12cm, it is positive and negative each to make a call to 3 holes;
10) it is inoculated with:The big red sesame cultivation strain of jujube grain size is inoculated in hole, is affixed on inoculation mouth with Breathable nonwoven;
11) it cultivates:The bacterium bag that will be taken over kind is placed in 24-26 DEG C of culturing room black out culture 30d to get ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation
Bacteria stick;
12) it measures:Ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick polysaccharide extract rate is 2.78%, and polysaccharide is to DPPH free radical scavenging activity
86.12%.
Embodiment 2:(for preparing 100kg culture substrate)
1) it is formulated:By percentage to the quality, 35% cotton seed hulls, 40% corncob, 16% wheat bran, 6% corn flour, 1% white
Sugar, 1% land plaster, 1% lime, water content 60%;;
2) limewash is prepared:100kg water is added in drum, weighs 1kg lime by step 1) formula, pours into bucket, stir
It mixes uniformly;
3) it prewets:40kg corncob is weighed by step 1) formula, is poured into limewash, just submergence corncob, is impregnated
20h;
4) dry-mixed:35kg cotton seed hulls, 16kg wheat bran, 6kg corn flour, 1kg land plaster are weighed by step 1) formula, pours into and stirs
Machine is mixed, 20min is mixed;
5) wet mixing:1kg white sugar is weighed by step 1) formula to be dissolved in a small amount of water, and white sugar water and the corncob prewetted are poured into
It in mixture, adds water and stirs, mixes 30min;
6) water content is adjusted:Add suitable quantity of water, hand grip measured moisture content has water droplet between webs with holding one material after spice
It oozes out but does not drip, water content is 60% or so;
7) it dispenses:It using 17cm × 55cm × 0.05cm polypropylene dog-ear bag, is charged, is sealed with sack filling machine;
8) it sterilizes:Using high pressure steam sterilization, 128 DEG C of maintenance 2h;
9) it punches:30 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, aseptically to material bag, are punched with the aseptic card punch that diameter is 3cm,
Pitch of holes 10-12cm, it is positive and negative each to make a call to 3 holes;
10) it is inoculated with:The big red sesame cultivation strain of jujube grain size is inoculated in hole, is affixed on inoculation mouth with Breathable nonwoven;
11) it cultivates:The bacterium bag that will be taken over kind is placed in 24-26 DEG C of culturing room black out culture 30d to get ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation
Bacteria stick;
12) it measures:Ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick polysaccharide extract rate is 2.89%, and polysaccharide is to DPPH free radical scavenging activity
81.54%.
Embodiment 3
Ganoderma lucidum 902 and big red sesame are purchased from Gaoyou City of Jiangsu Province science edible mushroom research institute http://
www.shiyongjun.com.cn/Products/300.html)。
The polyoses content of the different ganoderma strains of table 1 compares
Note:With the significant (P of lowercase letter indication difference different after column data<0.05), different capitalizations indicate difference pole
Significantly (P<0.01).Following table is same.
The polyoses content of 4 kinds of ganoderma lucidums is measured, as can be seen from Table 1, the polyoses content highest of Black Ganoderma, big red sesame, difference
Not significant (P<0.01).
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is configured to 1,1.5, tetra- 3,4.5mg/mL concentration, measures the polysaccharide of 4 kinds of ganoderma lucidum fruitbodies respectively
Free radical scavenging.As can be seen from Table 2, within the scope of 1~4.5mg/mL polysaccharide concentration, red sesame under same concentration,
Big red sesame, the extraction polysaccharide scavenging ability of DPPH free radical difference of Black Ganoderma is not significant (P > 0.05), and 902 polysaccharide of ganoderma lucidum is removed
Ability is taken second place (P<0.05).Under 1mg/mL polysaccharide concentration, red sesame, big red sesame, Black Ganoderma free radical scavenging difference
It is 81.88%, 80.92%, 80.30%.
The different ganoderma strains of table 2 extract polysaccharide free radical scavenging and compare
Comprehensively consider polyoses content and free radical scavenging, big red sesame and Black Ganoderma are optimal strain.
Embodiment 4
Corncob impregnates 12-24h with 1% limewash, it is made to fully absorb moisture, softens.Culture substrate water content is
60% or so, pH value 6.5-7.Using 17cm × 33cm × packed bag of 0.005cm polypropylene dog-ear, about 1.10kg/ bags of weight in wet base,
It sterilizes after pack.Each 50 bags of processing.
The heterogeneity culture substrate of 3 ganoderma lucidum solid fermentation of table
After sterilization and cooling using 3 culture substrate of table, it is inoculated with big red sesame strain respectively, moves into culturing room and carries out dark culture, temperature
Degree is 24-26 DEG C, and the time is 30 days, as ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick.Every processing randomly selects 10 bags, covers with sack to mycelia
After about 1mm~2mm, 1 mycelial growth rate is measured every 7d.It is extracted from ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick and obtains polysaccharide, measured
The clearance rate of polysaccharide extract rate and DPPH free radical.
Mycelial growth rate, polysaccharide extract rate and the removing DPPH of 4 heterogeneity culture substrate ganoderma lucidum solid fermentation of table are certainly
By base activity
As can be seen from Table 4, the mycelial growth rate for being formulated 1-6 is most fast, is 1.73mm/d, and polysaccharide extract rate highest,
It is 2.80%;It is higher to be formulated polysaccharide free radical scavenging in 1-1,1-2,1-4,1-5,1-6.Comprehensively consider, polysaccharide
Recovery rate and the high culture substrate of antioxidant activity, therefore cotton seed hulls is selected to add the compounded carbons of corncob as ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation
The culture substrate of high polysaccharide advanced optimizes the proportion between them.
Embodiment 5
Corncob impregnates 12-24h with 1% limewash, it is made to fully absorb moisture, softens.Culture substrate water content is
60% or so, pH value 6.5-7.Using 17cm × 33cm × packed bag of 0.005cm polypropylene dog-ear, about 1.10kg/ bags of weight in wet base,
It sterilizes after pack.Each 50 bags of processing.
The different content culture substrate of 5 ganoderma lucidum solid fermentation of table
After sterilization and cooling using 5 culture substrate of table, it is inoculated with big red sesame strain respectively, moves into culturing room and carries out dark culture, temperature
Degree is 24-26 DEG C, and the time is 30 days, as ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick.Every processing randomly selects 10 bags, covers with sack to mycelia
After about 1mm~2mm, 1 mycelial growth rate is measured every 7d.It is extracted from ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick and obtains polysaccharide, measured
The clearance rate of polysaccharide extract rate and DPPH free radical.
Mycelial growth rate, polysaccharide extract rate and the removing DPPH of 6 different content culture substrate ganoderma lucidum solid fermentation of table are certainly
By base activity
As can be seen from Table 6, the mycelial growth rate for being formulated 2-3,2-4 is most fast, and polysaccharide extract rate highest, respectively
2.87%, 3.14%.It is higher to be formulated polysaccharide free radical scavenging in 2-1,2-3,2-4.Comprehensively consider, is formulated 2-3
For the high culture substrate of polysaccharide extract rate and antioxidant activity.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide, which is characterized in that by percentage to the quality, raw material includes:
65-85% carbon source, 10-20% wheat bran, 0-10% corn flour, 0-2% white sugar, 1-2% land plaster and 1-2% lime.
2. the matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carbon source
Selected from one or more of cotton seed hulls, corncob and sawdust.
3. the matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the carbon source
For the mixture of cotton seed hulls and corncob.
4. the matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cotton seed hulls
Mass percent be 15%-55%, the mass percent of the corncob is 20%-60%.
5. the matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 4, which is characterized in that with quality percentage
Than meter, raw material includes:35%-40% cotton seed hulls, 35%-40% corncob, 14-18% wheat bran, 5-7% corn flour, 1-2% are white
Sugar, 1-2% land plaster and 1-2% lime.
6. the matrix of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix
Water content is 55-65%.
7. a kind of method of ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide, which is characterized in that including:It will be described in claim 1-6
Matrix is fitted into material bag and sterilizes, and then accesses lucidum strain and is cultivated, and ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick is completed to obtain in culture, then from institute
It is extracted in the ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation bacteria stick stated and obtains polysaccharide.
8. the method for ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation production active polysaccharide according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the ganoderma lucidum
Strain is big red sesame, red sesame, Black Ganoderma or ganoderma lucidum 902.
9. the method for ganoderma lucidum solid state fermentation according to claim 7 production active polysaccharide, which is characterized in that the culture is
Dark culture, cultivation temperature are 24-26 DEG C.
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